Ukwakhiwa koLawulo lwaseMelika: Umanyano luyasebenza

Ulwalamano phakathi koorhulumente bakarhulumente noorhulumente borhulumente baseUnited States luyinkqubo entsonkothileyo yolawulo kwihlabathi langoku. Kunokuba isebenze njengeqela elingqongqo, inkqubo ye-U.S. isasaza igunya kumgangatho ophezulu ombini, ngalinye elineembopheleleko ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo. Esi sakhiwo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-constalistism, asilolungiselelo elizinzileyo kodwa sisakhiwo esiphilayo esiguqukayo ngentsebenziswano, inkcaso, kunye nengquzulwano yexesha elithile. Ukuqonda indlela ulawulo kunye namandla orhulumente asebenza ngayo ngokwenene kutyhila ubuchule bolawulo lweMelika.

Umanyano lwahlula amandla phakathi kwegunya elisembindini lesizwe kunye noorhulumente besizwe abaququzeleli, kunye nomGaqo-siseko wase-U.S. ochaza amagunya athile orhulumente ngeli xesha ugcina onke amanye kumaphondo okanye kubantu. Eli candelo lidala amathuba endalo entsebenziswano, njengoko imingeni emininzi yangoku inqamleza imida. Ukusuka kwiimeko zongxamiseko zempilo yoluntu ukuya kwinkqubela phambili, ezona ntshukumo zisebenzayo zifuna omabini amanqanaba karhulumente ukulungelelanisa ubuncwane bawo nobuchule bawo.

Isiseko somGaqo-siseko samandla ahlukeneyo

UMthetho-siseko olawulayo weshumi lamagunya awuzange unikwe urhulumente wesizwe kumaphondo, ukanti iSupremacy Claus kwiGatya lesi-4 imisela umthetho wesizwe njengomthetho ophakamileyo welizwe. Oku kuxinezeleka kudala amandla apho intsebenziswano ibaluleke khona ukuze ulawulo luphumelele. UmGaqo-siseko unika iinkqubo eziliqela zokusebenzisana kwezezorhulumente, kuquka amagunya akhoyo apho omabini amanqanaba anokulawula kumbandela ofanayo, njengomthetho werhafuthelo kunye nomgaqo wemekobume.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukucaciswa kwala malungiselelo omgaqo-siseko kuye kwatshintshwa kwizigqibo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Ityala elifana ne Mcloch v. Maryland (1819) yamisa imfundiso yamagunya achaziweyo, ivumela urhulumente wengingqi ukuba athathe izenzo ezingadweliswanga ngokucacileyo kumGaqo-siseko logama nje kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza amagunya awo adwelisweyo. Oku kumisela kuvule ucango lweenkqubo zikarhulumente ezifuna umanyano olukhulu lorhulumente ukuze kusetyenziselwe.

IGrants- ngaphakathi: IGluwa lezeMali leNkxaso

Inkqubo enikayo mhlawumbi imele eyona ndlela ithe ngqo yokusebenza kwentsebenziswano yorhulumente. Urhulumente worhulumente uqokelela iingeniso zerhafu ezibanzi kwaye asasaze imali kumazwe athile, ngokufuthi aneemeko ezidityanisiweyo. Ezi zibonelelo ziwela kwiindidi ezimbini ezingundoqo. Ezi zibonelelo zinika ixhoba inkqubo encinci yemiqathango eneemfuno ezingqongqo zokuchitha, ngeli lixa izithintelo zinika ulungelelwano oluphangaleleyo kwimicimbi yoluntu ezifuna kwimimandla jikelele.

Olu lwalamano lwemali lunemvelaphi enzulu yembali. Umthetho welizwe onikezelweyo ka-862 welizwe unika inkxaso kumaphondo okuseka iikholeji ezijolise kwizolimo nobugcisa bokulungisa, kusekwa isiseko seeyunivesithi ezininzi zikawonke-wonke zanamhlanje. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zinikezela yonke into ukusuka kwisiseko sezothutho ukuya kwiinkonzo zonyango, kunye namazwe anika iinkqubo ezinceda imali kwimali karhulumente.

Ummandla oxhalabisayo wengqungquthela yelizwe

Ulawulo lweziko lufuna intsebenziswano kwiinkqubo ezininzi. Ezi ndawo zilandelayo zibonisa indlela olu manyano olusebenza ngayo, lutyhila amandla kunye nemiqathango yenkqubo yorhulumente.

Umthetho onyanzeliswayo nokhuseleko lukawonke wonke

Ukusebenza komthetho phakathi kwamagosa karhulumente namagunya aseburhulumenteni kuye kwaya kusiba nzulu ekuphenduleni kwizisongelo zezaphuli-mthetho zale mihla. Amandla adibeneyo amela enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo, ukuqokelela izinto ezisuka kwimimandla emininzi ukuya kuphendula amaziko antsonkothileyo olwaphulo-mthetho anqumla imida yephondo.

Imikhosi yoBuphengululi bobuphengululi beFBI isebenza kulo lonke iphondo nakwisixeko esikhulu, idibanisa oovimba bophando kunye nomthetho worhulumente kunye nomthetho wasekuhlaleni woluntu. Ngokufanayo, i-DEA namaqabane amapolisa karhulumente kwi-High Intensity Drug Tragking Areares (HIDTA) ukuphazamisa iingingqi zokusasaza iziyobisi. La mandla ancedisana ngobulumko, ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi, kunye namagunya asemthethweni equmrhu ukuze alandele amatyala angenakuphathwa yedwa.

Iinkqubo zokwabelana ngolwazi zikwaguqule intsebenziswano yezeerhulumente. ISiko seSizwe soNkcubeko Lolwazi loMphathiswa sinika isiseko sogcino-lwazi esifikelelekayo esifumaneka kumaziko agunyazisa umthetho kuwo onke amanqanaba, sisenza uvavanyo lwexesha lokwenene lokugcinwa kolwazi kunye noqinisekiso lobungqina. Amaziko e-Fusition asetyenziswa ngokumanyeneyo phakathi korhulumente norhulumente ahlalutya ubukrele obuvela kwimithombo emininzi ukuchaza izisongelo ezisandul'ukuvela kunye neempendulo zolungelelwano.

Impilo Kawonke - wonke Nempendulo Yexesha Lentlekele

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sibalaselisa amandla nocelomngeni lwentsebenziswano yorhulumente kwimpilo kawonke-wonke. Iziko loLawulo nelokuthintela izifo lisebenza njengesikhokelo sorhulumente, lilungiselela ubuchule benzululwazi, iinkqubo zokujonga, kunye nenkxaso yemali exhasa amasebe ezempilo karhulumente. Olu manyano lusebenza ngeenkqubo ezisunguliweyo ezikwandulela iimeko zongxamiseko.

I-Strategic National Stockpile, elawulwa kodwa esasazwe ngurhulumente ngamasebe ezempilo karhulumente, iqinisekisa ukuba izinto zezonyango ezibalulekileyo zifikelele kuluntu ngexesha leengxaki. Amasebe ezempilo aseburhulumenteni agcina izicwangciso zawo zoncedo longxamiseko ezihambisana neenkqubo zikarhulumente phantsi kweSizakhono seSizwe sokuLamla Ifulegi. Ngexesha lesifo, iCDC yalungiselela izinto zokuvavanya kunye nokhokelo lonyango lwezitofu, ngoxa amagosa esizwe ayekwazi ukusingatha iindawo zokuvavanya, iikliniki-kliniki, kunye nenkcazelo yempilo kawonke wonke elungele ukusetyenziswa kwabemi bawo.

Iinkqubo zokugoma zibonisa olunye umaleko wentsebenziswano. I-Vaccines yenkqubo yabantwana inika ukugonywa kwasimahla kwesisa ukuze abantwana bafaneleke, kodwa amasebe ezempilo karhulumente amisela imigaqo-nkqubo yokusasaza kunye nokulawula ukuthunyelwa komnikezeli. Olu manyano lufikelele iqondo eliphezulu lokugoma izifo ezinokuthintelwa kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50, nangona ukuphunyezwa kolwahlulo kuxhomekeke kulawulo oluphambili nolwezibonelelo.

Imfundo nophuhliso lombane

Imfundo ihlala ingumsebenzi wesizwe nowasekuhlaleni, kodwa inkxaso-mali kunye nokhokelo lwenkqubo yesizwe zibumba iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zemfundo yaseMelika. ISihlomelo I soMthetho weElementary neSecond Education Act sibonelela ngenkxaso yemali kwizikolo ezifumana abafundi abafumana imali ephantsi, kunye namajelo ahlola indlela ezi mali ezisasazwa ngayo kwimida yabo esekelwe kugcino-lwazi lobuhlwempu.

Amalungu e-Association Education Act enziwe ngeScrebration Act kufuneka amaziko okunika abafundi abaneziphene imfundo yasesidlangalaleni efanelekileyo, nemali exhasa inxalenye yexabiso. Ama-United States kufuneka athobele iimfuno zenkcitho yesizwe ngeli xesha alondoloza ubulumko kunokuzalisekisa iinkcukacha, kuquka indlela yokuvavanya abafundi neenkonzo abamele bazinikele.

Imfundo ephakamileyo inika imizekelo eyongezelelekileyo yobudlelane besizwe sorhulumente. Iiyunivesithi zikarhulumente zifumana inkxaso-mali engqalileyo yephondo kodwa zingenelwa kwinkxaso yophando lwamagunya, iinkqubo zoncedo lwemali zabafundi ezifana noPell Grants, kunye neenkqubo zokuboleka. INational Science Foundation kunye neNational Institutes of Health zibonelela ngenkxaso exhasa iinkqubo zeyunivesithi yephondo kunye neenkonzo zazo zenkqubela yezoqoqosho.

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo noovimba bendalo

Umthetho wokusingqongileyo usebenza ngemodeli yentsebenziswano yorhulumente apho i-Arhente yoKhuselo lweNzalo-bume be-U.S. imisela imigangatho yesizwe ngeli xesha ingurhulumente ezalisekisa kwaye inyanzelisa iinkqubo ezininzi. UMthetho we-Ceather Air ugunyazisa amatyala ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso zokufakela imigaqo yeRhulumente ezichaza indlela eza kudibana ngayo nemilinganiselo yomgangatho wobuRhulumente. Ukuba urhulumente akaphumeleli ukuvelisa icebo elaneleyo, i-EPA inokumisela ukuzalisekiswa kwegunyaziso ezinamandla, isenza izihlomelo ezinamandla zokusebenzisana.

I-Ceac Water Act ngokufanayo ithumela igunya elifanayo lokulawula ukuvumela ukuphuma kwamanzi emanzini, ne-EPA inika ulawulo nongenelelo xa iinkqubo zikarhulumente zingaphumeleli. Eli lungiselelo livumela amazwe ukuba alungise ukhuseleko lwemeko-bume ngokwemeko yasekuhlaleni ngeli lixa egcina imigangatho encinci yesizwe.

Ulawulo lwemiba yendalo ludla ngokufuna ukulungelelanisa amasebe amaninzi kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente. IColorado River Compact yahlula amanzi phakathi kwamaphondo asixhenxe norhulumente wesizwe, ifuna ingxoxiso eqhubekayo kunye nentsebenziswano ukucombulula iimeko zembalela nolwando lwabemi. Amaqumrhu ajongene neSebe afana ne-Bureau of Reclametion alawula izibonelelo ezithumela amanzi kumazwe, ngoxa amagunya alawula ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwawo.

Izithuthi Nezakhiwo

ULawulo lweNdlela ePhezulu yeNkxaso lunika inkxaso eninzi kwimisebenzi yohola-ndlela karhulumente ngenkqubo yeNdlela ePhezulu yoLawulo. Ama-United States ayila kwaye akhe imisebenzi ngokwemigangatho karhulumente, nemali karhulumente egquma ngama-80 ekhulwini eendleko zoohola-ndlela baseNtshona kunye nama-50 ekhulwini kwezinye iindlela zorhulumente. Olu manyano luvelise i-Interstate Sound Way System, enye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zemisebenzi kawonke wonke embalini.

Iinkqubo zothutho lukawonke-wonke zixhomekeke kuLawulo loManyano loManyano lweNtlalo-ntle, zinika imvume yokuba amasebe asekuhlaleni kunye namasebe asekuhlaleni asebenzise ukuthenga izixhobo, ukugcina izibonelelo, kunye neenkonzo zokusebenza. Urhulumente wengingqi umisela iimfuno ezifanelekileyo kunye nemali ephambili, lo gama i-odolonke kunye namagunya esizwe emisela iindlela ezithile, ucwangciso, kunye nezakhiwo zokuphatha ezisekelwe kwiimfuno zoluntu.

Uphuculo lwesikhululo senqwelo-moya lubonisa intsebenziswano efanayo. Ulawulo loManyano lwe-Aviation lunika inkxaso kuphuhliso lwesikhululo seenqwelo-moya kwaye lumisela imimiselo yokhuseleko, ngelixa abaphathi besikhululo seenqwelo-moya balawula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nolwandiso lobuchule bokucwangcisa. Olu manyano luqinisekisa imilinganiselo yokhuseleko engaguquguqukiyo ngeli lixa kuvunyelwa ukuba izikhululo zenqwelo-moya zisabele kwiimeko zemarike yasekuhlaleni.

Uphuhliso loMsebenzi

Izixhobo zikarhulumente zezoqoqosho zikarhulumente zisebenzisana kakhulu neenkqubo zikarhulumente zokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa koshishino noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. I-Organizer Yomsebenzi yokuzihlaziya kunye noMthetho we-Opportunity wezimali ze-Ounity Ilungiselela iinkqubo zoqeqesho lomsebenzi, neeBhodi zoPhuhliso loMsebenzi wengingqi zoNyaka zokuQhubelana kweenkonzo ezihambelana nabaqeshi neemfuno zabaqeshi.

Iinkqubo zoLawulo oluncinane loBushishini namaqumrhu ophuhliso lwezoqoqosho karhulumente ukuze anike iimali ezibolekiweyo, uncedo lobugcisa, kunye nenkxaso yokuchaphazeleka kweentlekele. Amasebe karhulumente agunyazisa amashishini ukusungula iinkqubo zephondo kunye nokunika izikhuthazo zomgangatho karhulumente ezixhasa uncedo lwezoshishino lwesizwe.

I-inshorensi ye-inshorensi yokungaqeshwa isebenza njengenkqubo yephondo elihlangeneyo, imisela urhulumente wesizwe imigaqo ebanzi kwaye umisela imilinganiselo yengenelo, imilinganiselo yokungalingani, kunye nexesha. Ngexesha lokuwohloka kwezoqoqosho, urhulumente wengingqi unika iingenelo ezithe zanda ngengeniso jikelele, ngoxa amazwe eqhubeka enika imiyalelo kwiinkqubo zawo ezikhoyo.

Iinkonzo zoNtlalo kunye neenkqubo zenethwekhi yoKhuseleko

Uncedo lokwexeshana lweentsapho ezifuna ubuchule bumele umanyano olungundoqo lwesizwe esingurhulumente olunika ubuchule obubalulekileyo ekuyileni iinkqubo zentlalo-ntle. Urhulumente wasekuhlaleni unika izibonelelo zezithintelo kwaye ufuna iimeko zokuhlangabezana nexabiso lomsebenzi, kodwa umisela iziphumo, imigaqo elungeleleneyo, kunye nesakhiwo socwangciso. Eli lungiselelo livumela amazwe ukuba azame iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa ubuhlwempu ngoxa egcina ukuphendula korhulumente.

INkqubo yoNxulumano-mali yeNtlalo-ntle isebenza ngokwahlukileyo, ngenkxaso-mali karhulumente wezemali kunye neendleko ezininzi zolawulo loburhulumente ngoxa amazwe elawula ukuzimisela nokungenelwa kokusasazwa. Amazwe anobuchule kwiinkqubo ezithile, ezifana nemida yenkxaso kunye nenkqubo yokunika ingxelo lula, kodwa kufuneka alandele imithetho yesebe yeenkqubo zomgaqo-siseko.

UMedicaid ubonakalisa intsebenziswano yorhulumente ekunyamekeleni impilo, urhulumente olingana nemali echithwa ngurhulumente ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo asekelwe kwingeniso karhulumente ngamnye kumntu ngamnye. Ama-United States asebenzisa inkqubo ngaphakathi kwimigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi emisela amaqela anyanzelekileyo okupapasha intlawulo neengenelo ezincinane, kodwa amazwe angandisa imbutho, adibanise iinkonzo ezithile, aze ayile iinkqubo zawo zokuhambisa ngemibutho yenkathalo elawulwayo.

Ukuchacha nokuchacha kwentlekele

IStafford Act imisa isiseko soncedo lwentlekele, ifuna ukuba amazwe acele uncedo lwamaqumrhu kunye nemali engqinelanayo ngaphambi kokuba afumane inkxaso. I-Arhente yeQela lezeNkcubeko yoLawulo lwezeNtlalo-ntle ilungelelanisa oovimba borhulumente nemigudu yolwamkelo loluntu, ibonelela uphando kunye namandla okuhlangula, izindlu zokwexeshana, kunye nenkxaso-mali yokulungisa izibonelelo zikawonke-wonke.

Amaziko olawulo lwexesha likaxakeka aseburhulumenteni asebenzisa i-FEMA ngokungqalileyo ukuhlola umonakalo, ukufumanisa iimfuno, nokunika uncedo. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa imiyalelo yokufuduka nokugcina iindawo zokuzimela phantsi kolwalathiso lukarhulumente, ngoxa iNational Guard isebenza njengomkhosi onokuthi ubizwe yirhuluneli okanye umongameli ngokwemeko.

Le nkqubo igqunywe ngomaleko ivumela iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezibonisa ukuhlonela igunya lorhulumente ngeli xesha inika ulawulo lwezibonelelo zikarhulumente xa umgangatho wommandla usoyiswa. Inkqwithela yesakhono kumaphondo eGulf, ulawulo lomlilo omlilo, kunye nokhukula kwimilambo emikhulu yonke ibonakalisa olu manyano lusebenza, ngomlinganiselo wokulungelelanisa ngokwahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo nakwimo yentlekele.

Ukungavisisani nokwakha umanyano olunempumelelo

Umanyano lwamagunya achazwe ngasentla alusebenzi ngaphandle koqhaqho-shwangusha. Ukungavisisani kwemigaqo-nkqubo, iimfuno zemali, kunye neempikiswano zomgaqo-siseko zisoloko zilucel ’ umngeni ulwalamano lorhulumente. Ukuqonda olu xinezeleko kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukusebenzisa inkqubo ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Uvavanyo kunye nofikelelo olungaphezulu

Ngamanye amaxesha i-State ixhathisa imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente eyijonga njengegqwesileyo kwigunya lomgaqo-siseko okanye ingena kwimisebenzi yesithethe. Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo NFIB v. Sebelius (202) yagatya ilungiselelo leAffordble Care Act elifuna ukuba amazwe andise iMedicaid okanye aphulukane nenkxaso ekhoyo, ilawula ukuba urhulumente wesizwe akanakusongelanalo ukulahlekelwa yimali ekhoyo ukunyanzelisa imiqathango emitsha yezo.

Ukunyanzeliswa kolawulo loshenxiso-mali kunika ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo phakathi kwegunya likarhulumente kunye nezilangazelelo zikarhulumente. Inkundla ePhakamileyo kwi-Arizona v. United States (202]) yabetha amalungiselelo amaninzi okunyanzelisa ukufuduka e-Arizona njengegxalanisa ngokungenanjongo negunya likarhulumente, ngelixa ishiya igumbi lentsebenziswano norhulumente phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

Iinqobo zenqanawa kunye neeNqanawa ezingaLungisiweyo

Amazwe asoloko ekhalazela imimiselo karhulumente enyanzelisa iindleko ngaphandle kokubonelela ngemali eyaneleyo. UMthetho weNguqulo we-Mandades ongazange uphendulwe ka-1995 ufuna ukuba kuhlaziywe inkcazo yerhafu yerhafu kumazwekazi, kodwa isebenza kuphela kumthetho omtsha, hayi imimiselo okanye iinkqubo ezikhoyo. Amazwe ayaqhubeka ethwala iindleko ezinkulu zokuzalisekisa iimfuno zesizwe kwimfundo, ukukhuselwa kwemekobume, kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwempilo.

I-Medicaid inika umzekelo ocacileyo wezi ziphumo zemali ezikhawulezayo. Le nkqubo ityala elingaphezulu kwama-20 ekhulwini loqingqo-mali lukarhulumente ngokomlinganiselo, kwaye utshintsho lwenkqubo lukarhulumente lungachaphazela ngokuphawulekayo iindleko zikarhulumente. Xa urhulumente wezwe egunyazisa imfuno ezintsha zomnikezelo okanye imiqathango yexabiso elithelekisa iinketho, uqingqo-mali lukarhulumente kufuneka lulungelelanise ukuhlalisa iindleko ezandisiweyo okanye ukufumana imali egciniweyo kwenye indawo.

Ikamva Lomanyano Lwamaqabane Omanyano

Zininzi izinto eziza kubumba intsebenziswano yemeko-bume kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kufuna iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo ngaphaya kommandla, njengoko kungekho mbuso unye onokuthetha okanye ulungelelanise iinguqu zemekobume kuphela. Isakhiwo siyakufuna ukuqukunjelwa kwezithuthi, amandla, kunye nebhanki ebanzi kuza kufuna ukuqhubekeka kotyalo-mali lwemali oludityaniswe nobuchule bokuzalisekisa kwesizwe.

Ukupheliswa kotshintsho kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente eziza kulawula kuyaqhubeka kwiindawo ezininzi, abaxhasi bemathiriyeli besithi zisebenza njengeelaboratori zedemokhrasi apho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinokuvavanywa ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe ulwamkelo lwesizwe. Abahlalutyi baxhalabele ukukhuselwa ngokungafaniyo kwabemi kumazwe ahlukahlukeneyo nokuqhekeka kweenkqubo zesizwe.

Ubugcisa kunye nogcino-lwazi olunika amathuba amatsha okusebenzisana. Iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezisebenzisanayo, kunye nokungasebenzisani kwexesha lokwenene kungenza ukulungelelaniswa komthetho, impilo-ntle yoluntu, neenkonzo zentlalo. Noko ke, ukuxhalabelana ngokobuqu kunye nokungena kolawulo logcino-lwazi ngokwahlukeneyo kudala iingxaki ezifuna ukuxoxisana ngocoselelo.

Isiphelo: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukho Komanyano

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla karhulumente norhulumente kuchaza ulawulo lwamaMelika ngeendlela ezidla ngokungabonakali kubemi kodwa eziyimfuneko kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwindlela esihamba ngayo ukuya emoyeni esiwuphefumlayo, ukusuka kwizikolo ukuya kumgangatho wempilo esiwufumanayo, intsebenziswano yesizwe ilolonga ubunjani nokufikeleleka kweenkonzo zikawonke-wonke.

Nangona iingxabano neengxabano ziqhubeka, ingxelo yembali ibonisa ukuba xa wombini urhulumente esebenzisana, anokuphumelela imiphumo engenakuyiphumeza yedwa.

Inkqubo karhulumente waseMerika yayingenzelwanga ukuphumelela kodwa ukulungiselela ukulungelelanisa, isasaza amandla okukhusela inkululeko ngoxa isenza umsebenzi osebenza kunye. Le ndlela yokuyila iyaqhubeka inceda uhlanga kakuhle, ukuba iinkokeli zombini ziqonda ukuba intsebenziswano ayilulo uphawu lobuthathaka kodwa yeyona ndlela iphumelelayo yokulawula iriphabliki engafaniyo, enamandla nezweni.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya koburhulumente kunye nolwalamano lwamarhulumente, jonga umGaqo-siseko . kunye nohlalutyo oluvela kwiNkonzo yophando loMgaqo-siseko . Imbono yomgangatho karhulumente kumanyano lwamazwe ikhona ngapha Ingqungquthela yesizwe yomthetho we-Gajistament [.