Ukwazisa: Uncedo Lobomi Lwentlekele Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Xa kugaleleka inyikima enkulu, inkanyamba yenza iphango lingqukuva, okanye indyikitya yokungqukuva ingqukuva, umsantsa phakathi kokusinda nokutshatyalaliswa usoloko uxhomekeke kwisantya kunye nobunjani benkxaso yangaphandle. Uncedo lwangaphandle . / Ukudibanisa inkxaso yemali, ubuchule, izixhobo, kunye nabasebenzi abasuka kumazwe anikelayo, imibutho emininzi, kunye namaqumrhu angengoorhulumente angengowama-1986, kwaye aba yintsika engundoqo kulawulo lwentlekele yomhlaba wonke.

Kwixesha lengozi ezintsonkothileyo nezisoloko zikho ngokuqhelekileyo, ``Iingozi''] ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuhlaziywa kwedolophu, nokungaguquguquki kwemeko-bume-bume, ```ailizwe linye'' elingazikhusela ngokupheleleyo kwintlekele.' Akukho lizwe linye elingazikhusela ngokupheleleyo kwintlekele. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle lunika umanyano olukhethekileyo, ulwazi, kunye nokwanda okugqithisileyo okusoloko kungenayo iinkqubo zesizwe. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela uncedo lwezizwe ngezizwe oluqinisa ngayo zombini intlekele nokusabela, libalaselisa iindawo ezingundoqo zokuxhasa, lixubusha ucelomngeni oluqhubekayo, olulungelelaniswe nolulungelelanisiweyo.

Indlela Uncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Oluqinisa Ngayo Ukulungela Ukujamelana Nentlekele

Ukuveliswa kwemali ekulungiseleleni kuxabisa kakhulu kunokuthembela kuphela kwintelekelelo yasemva kwe-2001. IBhanki yehlabathi iqikelela ukuba idola ngalinye elichithwa ngokunciphisa umngcipheko linokusindisa phakathi kweedola ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi ekulahlekelweni yintlekele kwixesha elizayo. Imali yoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle kunye nobuchule bokwakha iziko, umzimba, kunye nobuchule boluntu obubangela ukuba abantu bakhangele phambili, bafunxe, bafunxe, baze baqhelane nokothusa.

Inkqubo yesilumkiso sokuqala kunye nohlolo lomngcipheko

Ukujongwa okuphambili kobungozi kunye nobugcisa bobuntlola bamandulo obubukhali obusekelwe kumasethelali . obufana nokhukula olungaphambili olutheth'umhlaba, iimfeketho zenyikima, kunye neemodeli zenkanyamba ezibonisa indlela yokufumana amazwe aphantsi. Olunye uncedo luxhasa ukuthunyelwa nokugcinwa kwezi nkqubo. Umzekelo, [ i-World Meteorological Organization [ [UMGUNIT]] [[FLT:]] Umbindi-Multrazard Alerting System [[] uxhomekeke ekunikezeleni inkxaso yemali ezikhoyo ukuze kuncede amazwe asaphulo olukhoyo ukufikelela ixesha eliziiiiiiiiindawo. Ngokufanayo, i-United Nations Development Projective Provicement (UFP])[FFF:]]] [FFF:]]]] isebenza ngoograccut trans trated profilesssss

Isiseko Sokunyamezela

Uncedo lwangaphandle lusoloko luxhasa imali yokwakha okanye yokufaka izibonelelo ezicetyiweyo ezilungiselelwe ukumelana neengozi zendalo. Imizekelo iquka:

  • ukhuselo lwezikhuseli ze-Foood: Ezinyusiweyo, iinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi, kunye nezitya zokuhlambela ezigcinwe kwimimandla enomkhukula-manzi njengeBangladesh kunye neMekong Delta.
  • Izikhuseli ezikhoyo: Amagumbi okufuduka anenjongo aphinda-phindeka kabini njengezikolo okanye iiholo zoluntu, akhelwe ukunyikima kwemigangatho eNepal emva konyikima ngo-2015.
  • [[NTL: 0] Iinkqubo zonikezelo: Udibaniso, olungaphandle kweenkqubo zonxibelelwano oluhlala lusebenza xa ii-nethwekhi eziqhelekileyo zingaphumeleli/ezikhutshiweyo ngabameli abafana U.S.Agency yeNkqubela-phambili yezizwe ngezizwe (USAID).
  • [[UMTL:0] kunye nezibonelelo zogutyulo: ikhusela amaqula kunye neenkqubo ezinemibhobho ezithintela ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezihamba emanzini kwiziphumo zentlekele.

Uqeqesho, iidrill, kunye nobuchule bokwakha

Ucwangciso alukho nje kwi-hardware; lufuna abantu abanamava kunye namaziko asebenzayo. Iinkqubo zoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle zisebenza kakhulu ekuqeqesheni abaphathi bongxamiseko basekuhlaleni, abaphendulayo bokuqala, kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo boluntu. International of Red Cross kunye neRed Crescent Societies (IFRC)[FL:1] iqhuba imithambo yemfaniso evavanya iinjongo zentlekele yelizwe, echaza amathuba phambi kwesiganeko sokwenene. Amazwe obugcisa nawo afumana amaqela olawulo lwesizwe ukuncedisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwentlekele, ukuseka ii-logingssss, kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkqubo ze data ezihambayo ezivavanya iimfuno zovavanyo olukhawulezayo.

Unciphiso lwentlekele olusekelwe kuluntu, amanyathelo axhaswa ngabanikeli bebhaso kunye namaqumrhu amaninzi afana IBhanki yomhlaba wonke yeNkcubeko Yolahleko neNguquko , uloliwe wamavolontiya asekuhlaleni kuncedo lokuqala, ukukhangela nokuhlangula, kunye nokusasaza kokuqala. La matsha - ntliziyo aba ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwiindawo ezikude apho abaphendula abaqeqeshi benokuthatha iiyure okanye iintsuku ukufika.

Amaphulo Okulumkisa Uwonke-wonke Nemfundo

Ulwazi lusindisa ubomi. Uncedo lwangaphandle luxhasa amaphulo amakhulu emedia, isikolo, kunye neeverhe zoluntu ezifundisa abantu indlela yokuqaphela imiqondiso yesilumkiso, indawo yokusuka, nendlela yokudibanisa izixhobo zongxamiseko. Umzekelo, iUSAID’s Office yase U.S. Foreign Disaster Confect ixhasa iphulo lenyikima exhotyiswe kummandla wase-Andean elisebenzisa iilwimi zasekuhlaleni kunye nokubhala ngenkcubeko. Imigudu enjalo yokuguqula izinto i-USAPTY] iqinisekisa ukuba xa kufike intlekele, abantu bayazi kakuhle into abamele bayenze.

Indima Yoncedo Lwamanye Amazwe Ekusabeleni Kwintlekele

Xa intlekele igqugqisa ubuchule basekuhlaleni − nokuba kungenxa yesikali, isantya, okanye imithombo elinganiselweyo. Intlalo yezizwe ngezizwe inikezela ngeemfuno ezikhawulezileyo: ukutya, amanzi acocekileyo, indawo yokuhlala, unyango, kunye nokhuseleko. Kodwa ukusabela okusebenzayo kuntsonkothile kakhulu kunokuthumela kuphela impahla ekhoyo. Kubandakanya ubuchule, ukulungelelanisa, ukuhlonela ukhokelo lwasekuhlaleni, nokunamathela kwimigaqo yokunceda abantu.

Ukukhululeka Ngokukhawuleza: Imithetho Esindisa Ubomi

Kwiiyure zokuqala neentsuku, amaqumrhu oncedo axhotyiswe ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe iingqimba zoncedo longxamiseko. IZizwe ezimanyeneyo ziVumela uDepo (UNHRD), zilawulwa yiWorld Food Programme, zigcina iinguqu ezisebenzayo kwimibutho enjenge Dubai, Panama, neGhana. Kwiyure ezingama-24 zesicelo, izinto ezifana nezixhobo zempilo zongxamiseko, iplastiki, amacwecwe okuhlambulula amanzi, kunye nokutya okuphilisa okunyanga komjikelezo kunokuthi kukhuthulelwe kwicandelo lentlekele.

Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunika abasebenzi abakhethekileyo. Uphendlo lwe-Amaqela asuka kumazwe anjengeJapan, i-Switzerland, kunye ne-United States luzisa izixhobo ezinzima zokuphakamisa kunye nezinja ukuze kufumane abasindi abavalelwe phantsi kwemfumba engqushu. Amaqela ezokwelapha . "njenge Médecins Sans Frontières (Onoctors ezingena Imida)[[FLT]] [[FLT]]] [izibonelela izibhedlele zokulungisa ibala xa izibhedlele zempilo zasekuhlaleni zitshatyalaliswa. Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kweengcali zolwazi kwimibutho enjenge [[FLT] Clute[FLT] [FLT] [3] [injini yokudla]] (ikhuthulwa yinkqubo yehlabathi]) iqinisekisa ukuba izibhedu ezintle zihamba ngokucothayo kwi-edipo, ii-portsport, kunye neendlela.

Ukulungelelaniswa noBume boBuntu

Iintlekele zidala isiphithiphithi. Abadlali abaninzi . babangela ungquzulwano. [iii-ofisi ezininzi, amasebe e-UN, i-NGOS, ii-octive, iinkampani zomkhosi, iinkampani zabucala, `zizama ukunceda ngaxesha nye.] Ngaphandle kokusebenzisana, oovimba banokusetyenziswa okanye abangalunganga. Imali yoncedo kwamanye amazwe iyakwazi ukuhambisana nemigaqo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukuntsonkothile. I-OFLT] I-OFUM] SOURTS ye-OFRAN [intelligencessssssssssss amaqela anceda abantu ngecandelo (umz., impilo, ikhusi, inkxaso, inkxaso yomzimba). Iqela ngalinye lineekhokelelo olukhusela imilinganiselo edityaniweyo, iimfuneemfuneko ezichaziwe.

Oorhulumente abanikelayo bakwanamaqumrhu okumisela iingqungquthela ukunyusa imali kunye namaqhinga alungelelanisiweyo. Umzekelo, emva konyaka ka-2010 wenyikima yaseHaiti, uluntu lwehlabathi lonke lwanceda amawaka ezigidi. Nangona iimpendulo zale ntlanganiso zazineempazamo ezinkulu (ezibekwe ngezantsi), ekugqibeleni isiseko sokulungelelanisa izinto sajika saba ziindlela ezilula nezizinzileyo zokuzinzisa.

Isifundo Semeko: Inkanyamba iIdai (eMozambique, ngowe - 2019)

Inkanyamba iIdai yenye yezona nkanyamba zitshabalalisayo kwimimandla ekwisiqingatha sehlabathi saseMazantsi, yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama - 1 300 yaza yachaphazela izigidi kulo lonke elaseMozambiki, eZimbabwe naseMalawi.

  • [[Uluhlu:0] Ukukhangela nokuhlangula: Ihelipoter yaseMzantsi Afrika, i-UK, kunye neUN Humanitarian Air Service zikhupha abantu abavalelweyo phezu kophahla nasemithini.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Isikhuseli esikhuselekileyo namanzi: I-IRC namanye amasebe asasaza iiseyile, iijirrycans, kunye nezikhonkwane zokukhusela ikholera.
  • Impendulo yeHealth: Intlangano yempilo yehlabathi ivule iikliniki ezihamba-hambayo namaqela asebenza ngezifo ezikhutshwayo ukunqanda ukuqhambuka kwekholera.
  • Ulungiso lwe-FAO lwanika imbewu, izixhobo kunye noqeqesho lokunceda abalimi batshaye kwakhona emva kokuba amasimi etshabalele.

Ukuphendula kwabonisa indlela uncedo lwamanye amazwe olunokunyuswa ngayo ngokukhawuleza xa kusekho umanyano olukhoyo kunye nezitokhwe ezifanelekileyo. Noko ke, lukwabhenca iingxaki: ukufika kwendlela okusikelwe kancinane kwiindawo ezikude, kwaye abanye abantu bafumana uncedo kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kwenkanyamba, bebalaselisa imfuneko yokucwangcisa okungcono okudlulileyo kwezakha 76mile.

Iingxaki Nemiqobo Eqhubekayo Kulawulo Lwentlekele Encediswa Ngamazwe

Phezu kwako nje ukusindisa ubomi, uncedo lwamanye amazwe lokulungiselela intlekele nokusabela akuyondlela yokuyilungisa. Iingxaki ezimandundu ezimele zicetyiswe zimele zisetyenziswe ukuze uncedo lusebenze, lungaguquguquki, luxhaswe.

Ubuchule kunye nezithintelo zokufumana

Ukufumana uncedo kubantu abalufuna kakhulu kudla ngokuba yeyona ndawo inzima yokuphendula. Iimeko ezonakalisiwe, ukunganqabiseki, imiqobo ye-bureaucratic, kunye nokunganyaniseki kungalibazisa okanye kuphambukise izinto ezifumanekayo. Emva kwenyikima enkulu nembumba yonyaka ka-2015 eNepal, iindlela ezinzima kunye nokudilika kwentaba zivale, zinyanzelisa iimpahla zoncedo ukuba zithuthwe ngabahambi bezibuko kunye nezilwanyana ezipakishwayo. Amaziko oncedo kwamanye amazwe kufuneka afake imali ekulungele ukubonelela izinto, ukwenza unxulumano nabahambi bezithuthi basekuhlaleni, kwaye asebenzisa iindlela zobugcisa ezisetyenziswayo ukuhambisa iisampula zezamayeza.

Ukunqongophala Kwezobupolitika Nonqabiseko

Iintlekele azenzeki kwimimandla yezopolitiko. Kwizingquzulwano, umngcelele woncedo ungahlaselwa, uphangwa, okanye ukhafulwe ngamaqela alwayo. Imigaqo yoluntu yobundilele, ukungakhethi, kunye nokuzimela ngokwayo isoloko ivavanywa. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle lungavavanywa ngempazamo imfazwe yamafutha xa uxhatshazwa ngamaqela axhobileyo okanye ukuba usasazo loncedo lubangela ukungavisisani phakathi kwabantu. Abani kunye namaqumrhu kufuneka baqhube imigaqo engqongqo engquzulanisa iinkqubo kunye nokuxoxa ngokufikelela kobuntu okusekelwe ekufuneni, kungekhona ekulungiseni kwezobupolitika.

Umngcipheko Wokuzilawula

Uncedo olunika ngokuphindaphindiweyo izisombululo ezilungiselelweyo ngaphandle kokwakha ubuchule basekuhlaleni lungakonakalisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwelizwe. Xa abadlali bangaphandle bethatha impendulo, amagunya esizwe angaphulukana nethuba lokusebenzisa nokuphucula ubuchule bawo. Ukuphepha ukuxhomekeka, uncedo lwamanye amazwe kufuneka lwenzelwe ukuxhasa, hayi ukutshintsha, imigudu yasekuhlaleni. Oku kuthetha ukutshala uqeqesho, ukudlulisela ubugcisa, kunye nokuguqula ngokuthe ngcembe ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. Umzekelo, emva koMkhosi we-Indiyan Ocean tsunami, iBHANGE [[FLT:] iWorld Bank kunye ne[FLT:] [FFLD]] urhulumente we-Indonesia ukunceda ulawulo lwayo lwentlekele (BBBB) ngoku, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ungenelelo lwesizwe lunciphendulo lwangaphandle.

Ukusilela komanyano kunye nokudityaniswa

Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yeqela, ukuqhekeka kwentsebenziswano kuyenzeka. Amaziko amaninzi angangxama ukulungiselela inkonzo enye (umz., iikliniki ezihambayo kummandla omnye) ngeli xesha engazikhathaleli ezinye (umz., ukhuseleko logutyulo okanye ukhuseleko lwamabhinqa). Inani elandayo labadlali (kuquka iintkompathi zomkhosi zabucala, iinkampani ze-Styyina, kunye namaqela e-diaspora system systructrial systems. Abaniferences banokuphucula ukuphendula ngokunyanzela ekuxeleni imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yokunika ingxelo, iimfuno, kunye nokuxhasa imigangatho ecacileyo efana ne-AFLTS .[FLTS] I-RCURCURC]

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Neentlekele Eziyandayo

Njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu lusanda, ubuninzi kunye nobunzima beengozi zendalo. Ubuninzi obunye boncedo lwamanye amazwe kufuneka ngoku buqwalasele izihlandlo ezininzi, iziphumo ezigqithiseleyo. Ukhupho loluntu lonyaka wama-2024, umzekelo, ukucela ngaphezu kwama-R55 ezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ukuncedisa abantu abangamakhulu amathathu. Inani elikhwankqisayo elisele lingaphezu koovimba abakhoyo. Uncedo lwamazwe angaphandle alunakukwazi ukugcina isantya ukuba luqhubekeke. Utshintsho olungundoqo kwisenzo sokulindela intlawulo lwemali esekelwe ekuxelweni kwangaphambili kwentlekele, kunokuba lilinde ukuba yenzeke, kwenzeke oku kufumana ithatho. [[FLT:] IBHANGELE] i-DSPSD Window kunye [FLD] kunye noluvo lwase- Hubssion [FFFFF:] luqala olu lungiso olu lungiso lobuvulindlela.

Ukwakha ubuchule bokuzinzisa intlekele exhaphakileyo

Usukelo olude lwexesha elisisigxina loncedo lwamanye amazwe kweli candelo kufuneka lube kukuzenza kungabikho mfuneko ngokuqhubekayo. Oko kufuna ukugxininisa ngokomdla ekomelezeni ubuchule babadlali besizwe nabo basekuhlaleni: oorhulumente, ibutho labantu, icandelo loluntu, kunye nabantu abahlala kulo ngokwabo.

Isakhiwo esiphezulu sidlula kwiizifundo zoqeqesho. Siquka ukuxhasa umngcipheko wemali (umz., amadanga e-inshorensi, imali ye-inshorensi) kunye nokunceda amazwe ahlakulele izicwangciso zawo zokulungiselela ezihambelana nezixhobo zezizwe ngezizwe ezifana ne iFrameyaws for Disease Reduction Reduction 2015-2030. Ikwaquka ukunika amabhinqa asekuhlaleni kunye nabantu abaneziphene zokuthatha inxaxheba kwisigqibo sokwenza i-196, njengoko besoloko bethwala i-droat yentlekele kodwa bengahlawulwa ekucebeni.

Umzekelo okhuthazayo yi-Catastrophe Risk Assessment kunye ne-Financing Initive (PRAFI[FLT]), umanyano phakathi kwe World Bank, i-Asian Development Bank, kunye namazwe esiqithi sePasifiki. Ngokuxhasa umnikezeli, i-PCRAFI inika i-inshorensi ye-parametric efumaneka ngokuzenzekelayo xa inkanyamba okanye inyikima ifikelela kumda othile. Oku kunika oorhulumente ngokukhawuleza, ukungahlawuli imali yokubonelela uncedo ngaphandle kokulinda uncedo. Ucwangciso luthumela umngcipheko kumazwe angenabungozi kumazwe akwindawo yemarike yehlabathi kwaye lubonisa indlela yobuchule bokuzimela.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Yokunyamekela Ihlabathi Elinqabisekileyo

Igalelo loncedo lwamazwe angaphandle kwintlekele elungiselelwe kwaye intsebenziswano inzulu kwaye iphicotha. Ibonelela iinkqubo ezilumkisayo zokuqala ezinika abantu iiyure ezixabisekileyo zokuphuma, ziseka izibonelelo ezimelana nezichotho, ziqeqesha abaphendulayo basekuhlaleni abangxamayo ukuya engozini, kwaye zinika uncedo olukhawulezileyo olusindisa ubomi babantu emva kwentlekele. Kodwa, ukusebenza kwalo ncedo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuyila enengqondo: kufuneka kulungelelaniswe, umongo ungqalene, kwaye kujoliswe kwinkqubela-mandla ekudala ixesha elide kunokuba kubhekiswe kwinkqubela phambili yexesha elifutshane.

Njengoko iingozi zisanda zintsonkothile kwaye zidibene, uluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe kufuneka luphucule utyando lwalo lokuthintela nokulungiselela, lwamkele inkxaso yemali kunye nesenzo esitsha soncedo, luze luxhase imigaqo yokunceda abantu esenza isixhobo somanyano. Ukuqinisa intlekele akuyomfuneko nje eyimfuneko engokokuziphatha, oku kukuveliswa kobuchule okunciphisa ukubandezeleka kwixesha elizayo nokulahlekelwa yizoqoqosho. Ngokusebenza kunye, abanikeli, oorhulumente, kunye nabantu bayakwazi ukwakha ihlabathi apho uncedo lwamanye amazwe lunokuba yinkququngela yokuzithemba, hayi ikhuthulo oluhlala luhleli.