Kwixesha lanamhlanje lamanani, ubuchule bokujonga uphando olunzulu ngeendaba kunye nolwazi bubaluleke kakhulu kunanini na ngaphambili. Ngokwanda kwemithombo kunye nesantya apho ulwazi lusasazeka kwimigangatho yeze-media yezemfundo, iindaba, abaququzeleli, kunye neewebhsayithi ezizimeleyo, abafundi kunye nabafundisi ngokufanayo bajamelana nocelomngeni olukhawulezileyo lokuqonda ulwazi oluthembekileyo olusuka kwinkcazelo ephosakeleyo, ukuhluza ulwazi, kunye nokusasaza ulwazi oluchuliweyo. Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule bokucinga obunenkqenkqenkqeza phambili akuseko ngezo olusemthethweni, kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphumelele ulwazi, ukuba ngummi, kunye nesigqibo sobuqu sokwakha i-196. Olu khokelo lwandisiwe lunika isiseko solwakhiwo lolwano lobuchule, izicelo zemfundo, iinkqubo zemfundo, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa zokuqhuba ulawulo lweziko lwezimelo lwezifadiyo zalensi zale mihla ngokuzithemba.

Ukuqonda Ukufunda

Ukukwazi ukufunda ulwazi kubuchule bokuphawula, bokufumana, ukuqwalasela, nokusebenzisa ulwazi ngendlela ephumelelayo. Obu buchule busekelwe ekuhambeni kwindawo enkulu neyazo zonke ezidibeneyo zendaba kunye nolwazi kwi-intanethi. Ngaphandle kokufumana nje imithombo, ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kufuna uphando olubalulekileyo lokubuza ukuba imvelaphi, injongo, kunye nokuthembeka kwazo zonke izinto esidibana nazo. Imanyano yeCollege & Research Library (ACRL) ichaza ulwazi njengoludwe lobuchule obudityanisiweyo obuquka ukufunyanwa kolwazi, ukuqonda indlela ulwazi oluveliswa ngayo nokubaluleka kwayo, nokusetyenziswa kolwazi ekudaleni ulwazi olutsha. Ukuphuhlisa olu khuphiswano kubandakanya isitshixo esininzi esisebenza kunye ukuze kwenziwe ukufikelela kolwazi olulungele ukufikelela kulwazi okanye ulwazi.

Ukuqonda Imfuneko Yenkcazelo

Inyathelo lokuqala ekufundeni ulwazi kukuvuma ukuba kukho umsantsa kulwazi lwakho kwaye ufuna ulwazi oluthembekileyo ukuze uluzalise. Olu lwazi lusoloko luvela xa udibana nomxholo weendaba obonakala wothusa kakhulu ukuba uyinyaniso, umanani aphikisana noko ubucinga ukuba uyakwazi, okanye isiqalo sencoko yababini esenza intelekelelo engaqhelekanga. Endaweni yokungalwamkeli ulwazi, yima uze ubuze: "Nyeni ngokwenene endiyaziyo ngalo mxholo? Ziziphi izibakala ezithile endimele ndiziqinisekise ngazo? Oku kuzicingela kukuthintela ukuba ungathembeli kwingozi okanye kwimibango yangaphambili kwaye kubeke iqonga lokucingela ingqalelo.

Imvelaphi Ebonakalayo

Asizizo zonke imithombo esunguliweyo elinganayo. Ukubonakala okuxhomekeke kwimiqathango efana nemigangatho yomhleli wempapasho, ubuchule bombhali kunye nengxelo yerekhodi, ubukho bocaphulo kunye nezingqino, kunye nodumo lomthombo wonke. Iintlangano zendaba ezidumekileyo njenge Reuters, i-Associated Press, kunye ne-BBBC zigcina inyani engqongqo. Iinkqubo zoshicilelo kunye namaziko karhulumente zidla ngokuthathwa ngokuba ziphezulu ngokweemvelaphi ezinokufumaneka. Noko ke, kwaneendlela ezinokuthenjwa ezinokuveza iimpazamo okanye ukubonakalisa ikhethelo elibukhali, ngoko ke ukunqamleza okuzinzileyo kuhlala kubalulekile. Ubuchule obuluncedo “bububububodwa. Buvula itebhusayithi entsha nophando phambi kokuthemba okuqulukileyo. [FLDicescsckiesc][FP]

Ukupheliswa kokufumaneka kolwazi

Ubuchule buhamba . . . . i- CD isebenzisa i-"Ii-ace" kodwa igxininisa kakhulu kwintelekelelo ecacileyo kwinqaku okanye kwingxelo. Bubuza: Ingaba ubungqina bukho obukhoyo obungaqinisekiyo? Ingaba ungafumana ufundo lokuqala, ugcino-lwazi olucwangcisiweyo, okanye udliwano-ndlebe oluxhasa intelekelelo? Jonga iiflegi ezibomvu njengemithombo engachazwanga mntu, ulwimi lwemvakalelo olulungiselelwe ukuvuselela intsabelo, okanye ukungabikho kobungqina obuthelekisayo. Ulwazi olunokuthembeka lukwanokumelana novavanyo olusuka kwizibani ezizimeleyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ibali alikho mbhali, okanye limele liphathele umbhali omnye umlo ongaziwayo, okanye lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumntu ophendula umkhalayo, uthembekile.

Isebenzisa ngobuchule

Ukusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo kuthetha ukuzukisa ngokufanelekileyo kwimithombo yantlandlolo, ukuphepha ukuphembelela ingxengxezo, nokungagqwethi izibakala ukuze zihambelane nengxelo. Xa kuthethwa ngeendaba okanye uphando, kuquka ucatshulwa okanye amakhonkco ukuze abanye bafumane inkcazelo emva kwemvelaphi yayo. Oku kwenza ukuba kunganeli nje ukuthembana kodwa kunegalelo kwizinto ezisempilweni apho imibandela enokuphikisana nokuqinisekiswa ngokucace. Kubafundisi-mfundo, ukufuzisela imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ekwandiswayo kwizinto zesikolo kumisela umzekelo onamandla kubafundi.

Ubuchule Bokukhupha Iindaba

Xa udibana namanqaku eendaba okanye iingxelo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuvavanya ukuthenjwa kwazo. Indlela ecwangcisiweyo iya kukunceda ukwahlula ubujoni obunokuthenjwa kumatshini wokujika iintsontela, ukucofa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemichako. Ngapha koko zizinto ezintlanu ezingundoqo, nganye ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha.

Khangela uMthombo

Lumka kwimpapasho okanye kwiwebhsayithi eyapapasha inqaku. Ingaba ithembekile kwaye ithembekile ngokwembali? Sebenzisa i Wkipedia okanye izixhobo ezifana Media Bias/Fact Ukhangelo lwengxelo yemvelaphi okanye utyekelo lwezopolitiko. Kwakhona khangela “Ngokubhekiselele kwiphepha lethu” ukuba alicacanga okanye ligcwaliswe ziingxelo zemisebenzi kodwa alinankqubo yomhleli, yijonge njengerelaphu elibomvu.

Ukukhangela Umbhali

Ngubani owabhala eli nqaku? Bubuphi ubuchule okanye imvelaphi abanayo? Umbhali othembekileyo ogquma inzululwazi, umzekelo, usoloko eqeqeshelwe okanye enamava enzululwazi yokubhala. Khangela ilayini enekhonkco elinxulumene nolwazi lwembali, umsebenzi ongaphambili, okanye iingxelo zezentlalo-mbini. Lumka ababhali abavela kwii-logs ezifihlakeleyo kuphela okanye aba bungqina obungenakuqinisekiswa. Ukuba umbhali ucinga ukuba ungomnye wabathathi-nxaxheba kwi-mzimlo, phawula iimbono zentlangano. Ababhali ababonakalisa ulwamkeli abangaziwayo okanye iziqwenga zenkohliso (kungekho nto ikuzikhusela) bafanele bathanda ukuthanda ukuphindwa.

Hlola Ubungqina

Ngaba amanqaku eendaba aphezulu aquka uqhagamshelwano oluphambili olukhoyo kumthombo wesi sixhobo, iingxelo zikarhulumente, amaxwebhu enkundla, okanye iingcaphulo ezithe ngqo ezinikezelweyo. Khangela inani lemithombo kwaye nokuba ayahluka okanye axhomekeke kumthombo omnye, osenokuba nobuqhetseba. Umzekelo, ibali elithi impumelelo entsha yezamayeza kufuneka likhankanye ulindixesha ojongwa nguntanga ojongwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye liqukelele ingcaciso ezimeleyo. Ukuba inqaku lisenza ukhuthuzo-wonke ngaphandle kobungqina obuthile, libuza ubunyani balo.

Yazi Iinketho Zegama leqela leenkwenkwezi (iyodwa) BRUSobject name (optional)

Iqwenga ngalinye lokubhala lineqondo elithile lokukhetha, kodwa isitshixo kukuqaphela xa intsingiselo igqwetha ulwazi. Hlola ukhetho lwamagama alayishweyo: amagama afakiweyo (umz.,” “aqhelekileyo,” "fraud”) chaza indlela umbhali ame ngayo. Kwakhona phawula oko kushiyiweyo/kukho iimbono okanye izibakala ezingakucell'imbali? Thelekisa isiganeko esinye esinqamlezayo kwimiqathango eyahlukeneyo yezobupolitika. [[FLT: 0]] All Sides webhthi [[FLT:]] inikeza icala elisecaleni ngokuthelekiswa kweendaba ukusuka ekhohlo, embindini, nasekunene, ukunceda ukubona indlela iinguqulo ezichaza ngayo iiproces.

ULwazi lokuDlulisa

Musa ukuthembela kumthombo omnye. Ukuqinisekisa izibakala ezichaphazelekayo nezizimeleyo ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezithembekileyo, ezinokuthenjwa. Ukuba le ngxelo isemthethweni, uza kuyifumana ichazwe kwiindawo ezininzi, ngokufuthi inenkcukacha ezidityanisiweyo. Ukuba linxuwa elinye elifihlakeleyo okanye i-vlog eligqumayo, yiba yenye ekrobayo. Ukunqamleza okusebenzayo kubandakanya ukukhangela isiseko sedata esinjenge Snopes, iSceck.org, okanye i-Pritifact. La maject abonisa ukuba kukho iziphumo zemikhondo kwaye anika izigqibo ezinokuqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza okanye zikhuphe ibali.

Iindlela Eziphambili Zokucinga

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo azinakusetyenziswa nje kwiindaba kuphela kodwa zinokusetyenziswa nakwiingcamango, iintetho zezobupolitika, nakwiinkqubo zezentlalo.

Buza Imibuzo Engxamisekileyo

Indlela yobuSocrates yokubuza ityhalela ngaphaya kokwamkelwa komgangatho ongaphezulu. Xa udibana nento, buza:

  • Yintoni injongo yale nkcazelo?
  • Umbhali ucinga ntoni?
  • Bubuphi ubungqina obunikelwayo, yaye bahlanganiswa njani?
  • Ngaba zikho ezinye iingcaciso okanye izichasi?
  • Imvelaphi okanye imali esetyenziswa ngumbhali inokuyiphembelela njani into ethethwayo?

Ukubhala phantsi le mibuzo nokuyiphendula ngokulandelelanayo kungabonisa iindawo ezibuthathaka kuyo nayiphi na impikiswano. [[FLT: 0] Imposiso yeCritical Sint [[FLT: 1] inikeza izikhokelo ezingcono kumbuzo wobuSocratic kwimimiselo yemfundo.

Hlaziya Iimpikiswano Zobuthathaka Obunengqiqo

Iziphako ezisengqiqweni ziimpazamo ekuqiqeni okungakuchananga ukuchana kwempikiswano. Iziphazamiso eziqhelekileyo ezindabeni nakumagqabaza ziquka ezi:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Ad hominem: Ukuhlasela umntu endaweni yesiphumezi-miyalelo.
  • umqobo wobuxoki: inika kuphela ukhetho ezimbini xa lukhona.
  • Umntu wesiqhubi:[[FT:1] Ukungachazi indawo yotshaba ukwenza kube lula ukuhlasela.
  • [[UMTL:0] Appenelicate kwigunya: Ichaza ingcaphephe kummandla ongadibaniyo.
  • Ukukhetha: Khetha kuphela ubungqina obuxhasa isiphelo ngexa ungahoyi i data echaseneyo.

Ukufundisa abafundi ukuba bazi ukuba ziziphi ezi mpazamo kubaxhobisa ukuba baqonde izinto ngokusebenzisa ubuchule.

Cinga Ngeembono Ezininzi

Inqaku elinye lisoloko libonisa imbono enye. Ngokuthe ngqo funa iimbono ukusuka kwizobupolitika, inkcubeko, okanye imbombo zengcaciso. Umzekelo, xa uvavanya ingxoxo yenkqubo, funda iingxelo zencoko yababini yeBrookings Institution (phakathi ekhohlo) kunye neLifa lemveli Foundation (i-consovative). Oku akuthethi ukuba zonke iimbono zisebenza ngokulinganayo, kodwa ukuqonda umahluko wendlela yembono kukunceda ukuba wenze ugwebo olucacileyo.

Cinga Ngobuchule Bakho

Isiqinisekiso socalulo------- utyekelo lokuxhasa ulwazi oluqinisekisa iinkolelo ezikhoyo/isinye semiqobo yokugxeka. Phambi kokuba ujonge inqaku leendaba, zibuze: “Ukuba eli bali lixhasa icala elahlukileyo lembono yam, ndingayivavanya ngokwahlukileyo?” Zama ukufunda amanqaku aphikisa iingcamango zakho kwaye uqwalasele iinzuzo zempikiswano ephikisayo. Ukugcina ijenali "ukubona indlela ovakalelwa ngayo ezindabeni kungenza uzenze ucingele ngakumbi ngexesha elithile.

Ukuthetha Nabafundi

Ukukhuthaza abafundi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwiingxoxo ngeendaba nangalwazi kunokukhuthaza ukucingela. Incoko yeklasi inyanzelisa abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bacacise ngokuchanekileyo, bakhusele iindawo ngobungqina, baze bacinge ngokuchasana. Amaqhinga angezantsi aguqula ukusetyenziswa kweendaba ngaphandle kokusebenza abe luhlalutyo.

Impikiswano Ngeziganeko Zanamhlanje

Lungisa iingxoxo ezicwangcisiweyo kwimibandela ephikisanayo okanye edidayo. Yabela abafundi ukuba benze uphando baze baphikisane ngeembono zabo. Oku kubangela uvelwano, ukuchana kwemiba, nokukwazi ukwakha ubungqina obusekelwe kwingxelo. Beka imithetho efuna ukucatshulwa kwemithombo ethembekileyo nokuvalwa kohlaselo lobuqu. Emva kwengxoxo, yenza abafundi bafumane intlanganiso apho baxubusha khona ingqiqo entsha abayifumanayo.

Uhlalutyo lweqela lamanqaku eendaba

Yahlula udidi lube ngamaqela amancinane kwaye unike iqela ngalinye inqaku elahlukileyo kwisiganeko esinye . elikhethwe ukusuka kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo. Iqela ngalinye livavanye inqaku lisebenzisa intsingiselo ngasentla (umthombo, umbhali, ubungqina, ucalulo, ukunqamleza u-preferences). Emva koko dibanisa amaqela ukuthelekisa iimpahla. Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo indlela elibali elinye elinokufakwa ngayo ngendlela ezahlukeneyo, ugxininiso lwemfuneko yokunqamleza.

Iijenali zojongisiso

Abafundi mabagcine ulindixesha weveki nganye apho bakhetha ibali leendaba, balishwankathele, baze basebenzise amanyathelo abalulekileyo okuhlola. Bafanele baphawule ukuthembeka komthombo, bachaze naluphi na ucalucalulo, baze bachaze isizathu sokuba belukholelwa okanye bengaluthembi olu lwazi.

Abathethi Abatyeleleyo Abasuka Kwincwadi yeMelika Nakulwazi lwamajelo eendaba

Memela iintatheli, ababhali, okanye abafundisi-mfundo bezixhobo zekhompyutha basekuhlaleni ukuba bathethe neklasi. Ezi ngcungela zingabelana ngamava ehlabathi ngendlela amagumbi eendaba aqinisekisa ngayo amabali, asingatha ngayo ulungiso, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa iingxaki zemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Zingakhokela iinkampani ekuboneni ii-arhente ezinzulu nokusebenzisa i-algoric curedition. Ukunxibelelana ngqo noochwepheshe bokusasaza iindaba kubangela ukuba abantu bangabi nalwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye bathembe ubugcuphene nobuchule bobuzwilanisi.

Ubuchule bokwenza uvavanyo

Ubugcisa bungaba luncedo ekuhloleni iindaba kunye nolwazi. Izixhobo zamanani ezingezantsi zinceda ubuchule bokwenza imisebenzi eqinisekisiweyo kwaye zinika ukhokelo olucwangcisiweyo lwemeko ngokukhangela.

I-website ezichaphazelekayo

Inyaniso eyahlulelweyo yingcali yequmrhu iphengulula iintelekelelo zentsholongwane kwaye ipapashe izigqibo ezinenkcukacha. Sebenzisa Snopect kwiintsomi zasedolophini kunye namarhe e-Intanethi, FactDecock.org[ ukwenzela iintengiso zezopolitiki, kwaye PlatFYP ku-U.S. iingxelo zezobupolitika (zilinganiswe kwiNkcukacha enyaniswe kwi-OFIeter). Amazwe amaninzi anezibalo lwawo lwezobupolitiki, kwaye agcina isiseko sogcino-siseko somhlaba [FLT.FLD]

Izihlomelo zokufunda nokubhala kwamaziko eendaba

Ii-apps ezininzi zenzelwe ukunceda abasebenzisi ngokukhethekileyo bavavanye imithombo. I- “NewsGuader” ulwandiso lomkhangeli (olukhoyo lwe Chrome, uMphetho, kunye ne-Safari) lubonisa umfanekiso we- icon esecaleni kweso sithuba seendaba`````Indawo eqhelekileyo ethembekileyo, ebomvu yokungathembeki' kwaye iquka “Ilebhile yeNtshuluko-” echaza ubunikazi besigqeba, inkxaso-mali, kunye nemisebenzi yomhleli.“ FactStream" aggredies zokwenene = xtificss zenyani kwimibutho emininzi. Kubasebenzisi beselula, B.

Izixhobo Zokukhangela Umfanekiso Zokutshintsha

Imifanekiso neevidiyo zisoloko zisetyenziswa okanye zithatyathwa ngaphandle komongo. Sebenzisa imifanekiso ye-Google ukuguqula uphengululo lomfanekiso (okanye u-Tineye) ukuphakamisa umfanekiso ubone apho uvele khona. Ungafumana ukuba umfanekiso ochukumisayo obhalwe “uqhankqalazo olutsha" eneneni wathathwa kwiminyaka edluleyo kwilizwe elohlukileyo. Kwiividiyo, izixhobo ezifana ne-INVID (isikhangeli semifanekiso) zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuphakama kwemida kunye ne-metadata.

Uqeqesho lwangaphakathi

Imibutho emininzi inikela izifundo eziziizifundo ezikhululekileyo okanye eziphantsi ezijolise ngqo ekufundeni iindaba nasekucingeni ngokugxeka. iproject ye-“Cynicology” copt inika izifundo ezincedisayo kubafundi abaphakathi nabafundi abakwisikolo samabanga aphezulu. IYunivesithi yaseMichigan inika ulwandiso olukhethekileyo kwi-“Inkcazelo ye-Evastication" efundisa ubuchule obusebenzayo njengokufunda nokunqanda nokunqanda. Ikhuthaza abafundi (nabafundisi) ukugqiba omnye umnqongongongo onjalo unokunikezela ngesiseko esilungelelanisiweyo.

Isiphelo

Ukuphuhlisa ubuchule bokucinga obubalulekileyo ekuhloleni iindaba kunye nolwazi kubalulekile kubafundi abakhulayo kwihlabathi elizaliswe yinkcazelo yamanani. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezidweliswe kule sikhokelo `suka kumthombo wenkqubo yokuhlola nokuchana kwemvelaphi ye-demokhrasi kwingxoxo yeklasi kunye nemeko yobugcisa --educator[graferator] ukukhangela izixhobo zokuxhobisa abafundi ukuba babe ngabathengisi benkcazelo. Obu buchule bungaphaya kweklasi: balungiselela abantu abaselula ukuqulunqanda ubunkimbi bemeko yezixhobo zale mihla, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwintetho yedemokhrasi, kwaye baxhathise ukupheka kwe-aebula. Njengoko abafundi bebuza imibuzo efaka i-Planerenerenerieveriting, kwaye becalula iimbono zabo, abasayi kunyusa ukusebenza kwabo nje kuphela kwemfundo kodwa bayakwazi ukuzenzela izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, abahlali besenza iimkelo ezifanelekileyo kwimimandla yonke yobomi.