Ukwazisa: Amandla Okusebenza Kwendawo Kwihlabathi Elinamanzi Axineneyo

Ubuncwane bamanzi acocekileyo buphantsi koxinzelelo olunamandla nolwandiso. Ukwanda kwabemi, ukukhutshwa kwemichiza, uphuhliso lweziko, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nokukhula kwempembelelo ekhawulezileyo kubangela ingxaki yamanzi esemhlabeni wonke. NgokweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka amabini ezigidi bahlala kumazwe axinezeleke kakhulu emanzini. Nangona imisebenzi emikhulu yezemveliso efana namadamu kunye nezityalo ezikhupha amanzi anokuhla, isoloko icotha ukwakha, ixabisa kakhulu, kwaye isenokujamelana nokuchasana okuphawulekayo kwentlalo kunye nemekobume.

Ekusabeleni kula masuntswana, intshukumo elinganayo nebalulekileyo iyanda ngamandla. Ngokungafaniyo nemithetho esezantsi egcina amanzi akhuselekile. Ezi zizenzo zokuthatha inyathelo apho abemi basekuhlaleni, amaqela asekuhlaleni, amafama, kunye neenkokeli zomthonyama bathatha inyathelo lokuhlola iingxaki zabo zamanzi kunye nokusebenzisa izicombululo ezilungisiweyo. Ngokungafaniyo nemigudu ephezulu ekhoyo, imigudu exhotyisiweyo yoluntu yokuhlakulela ingqiqo enzulu yobumnini, ikratshi, kunye nempatho ede. Oku kuguqula abasebenzi basebenza nzima babe ngabaphathi bamanzi, bakheke ngokusuka emhlabeni. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ezi zinyathelo, xa zixhaswa kakuhle, ziyakwazi ukukhulula iziphumo eziphawulekayo ngenxa yokhuseleko, ukulondolo lwezoqoqosho, kunye noqoqosho lwentlalo lwentlalo.

Ugcino lwamanzi olulayishwe nguluntu

Embindini wayo, ulondolozo lwamanzi oluhamba ngoluntu yinkqubo yokuzinzisa. Ihamba ngaphaya kokucela abantu ukuba basebenzise amanzi ambalwa. Ibanika amandla okuyila, okusebenzisa, nokusebenzisa iindlela ezihambelana nemekobume yabo, inkcubeko, kunye noqoqosho. Oku kungasuka ekuvuseleleni kwakhona izakhiwo zokugawulwa kwamanzi emvula kummandla wasemaphandleni waseIndiya ukuya kulungelelanisa ukufakwa kwamanzi ahlala e-dolobheni lase-Arizona.

Imigaqo engundoqo eyahlulayo kwezinye iindlela zokulondoloza:

  • Umgangatho okwindawo ekuyo apho umnini-mali uhlala khona: Uluntu, ingeyiyo inkxaso engaphandle, iqhubela inkqubo yokwenza isigqibo kwaye ibonelela ngemisebenzi okanye izibonelelo ezingundoqo.
  • [[Ulwazi olunxulumeneyo: Ludibanisa ulwazi lwendalo nenzululwazi yale mihla, ludala izisombululo ezifanele imozulu yasekuhlaleni, ujiyo-jiko, kunye nesakhiwo sentlalo.
  • Inqanawa kunye nogcino: Kuba uluntu lunemasti yobuqu kwiziphumo, basengozini kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nogcino lweenkqubo abazakhayo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukufunda: Ezi zinyathelo zidala izithuba ezinamandla ukuze abamelwane babelane ngolwazi, bakhe ukuthembana, kwaye batshintshe izithethe zoluntu kusetyenziso lwamanzi.

Umculo Onemifanekiso Emnandi: Iindlela Zokuqalisa Kwabantu

Ulondolozo lwamanzi olulungiselelwe uluntu asingohlobo olunye lokulungisa yonke into. Lubandakanya ububanzi bemisebenzi, ukusuka kutshintsho lokuziphatha oluthambileyo ukuya kwimisebenzi enzima.

Iphulo Lokuziphatha Nelemfundo

Ezi zenzo zijolisa kutshintsho lomntu ngamnye nakwintsapho, zisebenzisa ingcinezelo yebutho labantu, ukhuphiswano lobuhlobo nemfundo ukuze zifumane imiphumo.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Iingxaki zamanzi akwindawo ebanzi: abantu bakhuphisana ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwenyanga, uthengwa ziindleko ze-unitting.
  • [[UMTL:0] Inkqubo zomamkeli: Abantwana baba ngabacuphi bamanzi" ekhaya, befundisa abazali babo ngokuvuza nangemikhwa esebenzayo.
  • Iivenkile zokusebenza ezinamaqumrhu: iingcali zasekuhlaleni zifundisa abamelwane indlela yokufaka izinto ezisebenzayo, ukufunda iimitha zamanzi, okanye ukwenza igadi yembalela.

Imiyalelo eyakhelweyo kunye nobugcisa

Ezi zizinto ezisetyenziswa ngezandla ezithimba, zigcine, ziphinde zisebenzise amanzi kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Zifuna umanyano kunye notyalo-mali oludityanisiweyo.

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuvuna kwamanzi (RWH): abantu bendawo bakha amaqula, iinkqubo zokuqokelela uphahla, kunye neetanki zangaphandle. Kwimimandla yamanzi, i-RWH ingadibana nenkoliso yamanzi angenandawo afunekayo kwindlu.
  • Inkqubo zeGreywater:[ Amaqela asekuhlaleni avelisa izicwangciso eziqhelekileyo zokuphambukisa amanzi ukusuka kwimitshini, kwimvula, nakwimpahla yokuhlambela ukunisela ulungiso lwemithi.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imithombo edityanisiweyo nePonds: Ukugcina okanye ukubuyisela amaqula angenzulwanga, ukujonga amadama, kunye namadama okufunxa amanzi asemhlabeni akwindawo yasekuhlaleni.
  • [[UMTL:0] I-coops yokhuphiso: amaqela abalimi aqokelela izinto zokuthenga izixhobo ezisebenzayo zokunkcenkceshela, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okulima ngokubalulekileyo.

Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo (Ukubuyiselwa kwenkqubo)

Ezi ndlela zisebenzisa inkqubo yendalo ukuphucula ukufumaneka kwamanzi nomgangatho. Zidla ngokuquka ukubuyisela umhlaba owonakalisiweyo ngaphakathi kumanzi amanzi.

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukubuyiselwa okunyibilikisiweyo: imithi yezityalo, ukwakha imingxuma emincinci, kwaye susa iintlobo ezingenayo ukuphucula ukungena kwamanzi nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwamanzi.
  • Ukudala kweWetland: Ukulungisa amaxhama asebenza njengendalo "isinyithi," ukuhluza izinto ezingcolisayo nokugcina amanzi anomkhukula.
  • Igadi ze-Rain: Abamelwane bafaka ibhaybhuli kunye nezitiya zemvula ezisecaleni kwezitrato ukuthatha amanzi oqhwithela nokubuyisela amanzi asemhlabeni.

Ulawulo nomgaqo-nkqubo

Isenzo soluntu esinempumelelo sidla ngokukhokelela kutshintsho kwimithetho nemigaqo yasekuhlaleni. Ingingqi zibumba amaqumrhu abasebenzisi bamanzi okanye iikomiti zokwalathisa ezisebenza ngokungqalileyo ngoomasipala abanolwazi oluluncedo.

  • [[UMTL: 0] Amamanyano omsebenzisi wesinyithi (WUA): amaqela asekuhlaleni athatha ulawulo lwemijelo yokunkcenkceshela okanye usasazo lwamanzi asekuhlaleni.
  • I- Community-esekelwe kwiMonitha yoMsebenzi: i-Vanity ivavanya imisinga yasekuhlaleni kwaye inike ingxelo ye-data yokuba igcine abangcolisi okanye abasebenzisi benoxanduva.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Rebates: amabhunga ahlalisa abantu bengingqi yesixeko ukwenzela ukubonelela ngcono kwizixhobo zamatanki emvula okanye izixhobo ezisebenza ngamanzi.

Imiphumo Neengenelo Ezibhaliweyo

Ukusuka kumgangatho ophezulu ukuya kumgangatho okwindawo ephezulu kuveza uninzi lweengenelo ezinokusetyenziswa eziya ngaphaya komthamo wamanzi agciniweyo.

Isantya sokhuseleko nokhuseleko lwamanzi

Olu lusukelo lokuqala, kwaye ugcino-lwazi luyanyanzelisa. Iingingqi ezisebenzisa imilinganiselo yokuzikhusela esebenzayo zisoloko zibona unciphiso olubalulekileyo ekufunekeni. Umzekelo, ukufikelela kwengingqi yengingqi kwizixeko ezifana neMelbourne, Australia, zincedise ukuqhuba usetyenziso lwamanani ngokwemini ngokweminyaka phantse 50%[ ngexesha lewaka leDisonga. Elase-Ingingqini le-Rajastan, iIndiya, ukuvuselelwa kwesithethe [[[FLT:]]johads [ (amadamu)) kukhokelela kunyuko [[FLT:]] [5]] ekuhlaleni kwalapho amanzi asemhlabeni kunye nokubuyela komlambo okujikeleza okungangeni.

Ukulondolozwa Kwezoqoqosho

Ulondolozo lwamanzi ludla ngokuba yeyona mithombo iphantsi yamanzi "antsha". Kuluntu, ukucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwemali yemali eluncedo kuguqulela ngqo kwimiqathango esezantsi. Kumgangatho kamasipala, impumelelo yolondolozo lulibazisa okanye luphelisa imfuneko yeeprojekthi ezintsha ezibiza imali eninzi zokunikezela (iidam, imibhobho, ii-appel, iziko lenkcitho zokukhupha amanzi). Uphando lwePasifiki lwe "indlela esezantsi" ulawulo lwamanzi lubonisa ukuba ulondolo kunye nempumelelo zizona ndlela zingundoqo zokulungele ukunciphisa uqingqo-mali. Uluntu olunciphisa iindleko olukhulu, imali ezilondolo olunokubuyiselwa kwinkonzo zasekuhlaleni.

Ukudityaniswa kweNtlalo nokuQhubeka

Ukusebenza kunye kwingxaki ephathekayo, yasekuhlaleni, kwakha ukuthembana kunye nekomkhulu loluntu. Iiprojekthi ezixhotyiswe ngoluntu zikhuthaza ukuzalwa koluntu kwaye zidala amathuba okunxibelelana nabamelwane. Le ngcamango yokusebenza ngokumanyeneyo . /inkolelo yokuba "singacombulula iingxaki kunye""-iiingxaki zangaphandle kwamanzi ukuya kwezinye iingingqi zoluntu. Ezi misebenzi idla ngokunika amaqela aphantsi, ingakumbi amabhinqa, asoloko engoobaphathi bamanzi abasezintlanganisweni kulo lonke ihlabathi elisa phambili.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwemeko - bume Nokuchacha Kwemozulu

Xa abantu benciphisa ukumpompa nokuthatha amanzi emvula, iekholoji. Imisinga ebuyiselweyo kunye neendawo ezingamaxhanti zixhasa izinto eziphilayo. Ukufuma komhlaba okuninzi kunceda imithi yasedolophini ihlale iphila. Izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo, ezifana nokukhutshwa komhlaba okhutshwayo, aziphuculi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kodwa zinciphisa ikharbon ye-sester kwaye zinciphisa ubungozi bezikhukula nezomlilo. Oku kubangela isiphekelele ekuchaphazeleni kweziphumo ezibuhlungu zemozulu.

Uvavanyo lwemeko yehlabathi lokwenene

Ukuqonda amandla ale ndlela, kuluncedo ukuqwalasela imizekelo ethile apho amanyathelo oluntu atshintshile ukhuseleko lwamanzi

URajasthan, EIndiya: Iphulo Lokuvuna Amanzi Aqhelekileyo

Imo eyomileyo yeRajasthan ijongene nendlala enkulu yamanzi. Iinkqubo zeBritane zolawulo lwamanzi ezisembindini, ezikhokelela ekutyeshelweni nasekuboleni kwezakhiwo zokuvuna amanzi zamandulo, ezifanelekileyo ezazisaziwa njenge johads. Ngoo1980, iNGO TarTarun Bharat Sangh (TBS), ekhokelwa nguRajendra Singh (uMphathi wamanzi waseIndiya", wanceda abahlali bengi bengi e Alwar kuhlazi olu kwakhiwa.

Izindlu zanikela ngomsebenzi kunye nezinto zasekuhlaleni zokwakha amadama odongwe atsala iinqwelo-moya ezihambayo. Ngaphezu kwama-8,600 johads zakhiwa ``````````````AFLT'] ukuthatha umlambo we-Arvari''. Iziphumo zatshintsha. Umlambo iArvari, obewomileyo kangangamashumi eminyaka, waqala ukuqukuqela ngokungapheliyo. Umgangatho wamanzi wamanzi wanyuka, amahlathi avusene, kunye neelali ebexhomekeke kwiinqanawa zokuthutha amanzi ezifunyenwe ngonyaka wonke. Uluntu aluzange lwakhe nje amadamu; lwakha iArvari River Plameter, iPalamente yoluntu elawulwa ngumkhosi womlambo ukuze ulawule umlambo. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukugcinwa komgangatho wommandla wasekuhlaleni kurhobonke.

Tucson, eArizona: Inkcubeko Yasentlango Yokuvuna Amanzi

KwiNtlango yeSonoran, uTucson ufumana imvula engaphantsi kwee-intshi eziyi-11 ngonyaka kwaye uxhomekeke ngamandla kuMlambo weColorado othe zwabha. Umbutho onamandla woluntu, okhokelwa yimibutho enjenge Watertedd Guard Group (WMG)[FLG], usebenze kangangamashumi eminyaka ukuguqula indlela amaxabiso esixeko. WMG wadala imodeli ye-"ukuvuna amanzi asebenza kunye ukuseka amaqula, izitiya zemvula, kunye neenkqubo ze-grayters kwikhaya elinye. Abanini bahlawula izinto, kwaye inika uqeqesho.

Lo mgudu ukhuselweyo uye waphumelela kangangokuba uguqule inkqubo yesixeko. Ngoku iTucson igunyazisa ukuba inkqubela-phambili yezorhwebo isebenzise ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula ukuhlangabezana neepesenti ezingama-50 zeemfuno zawo zokulungisa izakhiwo. Esi sixeko sinika ii-enzame (ukuya kutsho kuma-$2,000) eetankini zemvula zokuhlala. Amawaka ezinto ngoku afumana amanzi kuphahla lwazo. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukutshintsha kwenkcubeko kuye kwenzeka: amanzi awabonwa njengenkunkuma efuna ukukhutshwa, kodwa njengovimba oxabisekileyo wokufunxaxwa nokusetyenziswa. Ubugcisa boluntu nokuzinziswa kwemi.

IMelbourne, EOstreliya: Iintlanga Neemfazwe Zeminyaka Eliwaka

IMillennium Drought yase-Australia (phantse ngo1997 ukuya ku-2009) yayisisilumkiso esicacileyo sento eliyiyo ikamva elimdaka elijongeka kakuhle. Njengoko amaqula aye ehla kwimigangatho esezantsi kakhulu, urhulumente wasebenzisa imiqathango yamanzi engqongqo. Ngexesha urhulumente emisela imithetho, yayinguluntu olwazenza zanamathela. Amaqela asekuhlaleni, iiklabhu zentlalo, kunye ne "Water Warrier" inyathelo lokuzilondoloza zajika zaba ngumgaqo onamandla wentlalo.

Abantu bafaka iitanki zemvula kunye neethumbu eziphazamisayo ezikwimidlu. "Iindawo ezibonisa ixesha elibekiweyo" ucelomngeni lwaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Abamelwane baxelana ngokuqhubana kwendlela ehamba ngayo. Olu manyano lonyanzelo lwentlalo kunye nenkxaso-ntle yoluntu zihamba ngenye izithuthi zoluntu ezisuka kuma-300 ngosuku ukuya ku ngokugqibele 155 perers ngosuku. Izifundo ezifundwe ngexesha lengxaki azizange ziphele xa imbalela. Namhlanje, iMelbourney ihlala ikho kwizixeko ezihamba amanzi amaninzi ehlabathini, ithelela kumandla oluntu.

Ukuhlangabezana Neengxaki Nemiqobo

Nangona amandla ezinto anzima, ugcino lwamanzi asetyenziswa nguluntu lunemiqobo. Ukuvuma nokulungisa le mingeni kungundoqo ekunyuseni le migudu.

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso

Amaqela amaninzi asebenza ngemibhobho yengca alwa nolu luhlu "lomsebenzi wesikhokelo" umgibe. Angabonisa impumelelo kwisikali esincinane kodwa angenako ikomkhulu kunye nobuchule bombutho bokwandisa isixeko esimanzi apheleleyo. Imali idla ngokuba yeyokwexeshana kunye neseprojekthi, eyenza kube nzima ukugcina abasebenzi kwaye kuqhubekekeke phambili. Iinkqubo zenkxaso yexesha elide, ezifana nenkxaso-mali yamanzi okanye iminikelo karhulumente yokwakhiwa komsebenzi woluntu, zibalulekile.

Izithintelo zolawulo nolawulo

Oko kusebenza kuluntu ngokufuthi kungqubana nemithetho ekhoyo kunye nemithetho yemibhobho. Kwizixeko ezininzi, iinkqubo zamanzi agugayo zithintelwe kakhulu okanye zifuna izivumo ezibiza imali eninzi ezenziwe ukwenzela imisebenzi emikhulu yorhwebo. Ukuvunwa kwamanzi kungadiniswa yimithetho yamalungelo amanzi ebeka iziseko ezisembindini. Amaqela aphumelelayo asekuhlaleni asoloko efuna ukuchitha ixesha namandla abalulekileyo ekulungiseni indawo entle ukuze enze isicombululo esifanelekileyo.

Ukuthatha Inxaxheba Ngokulinganayo

Amaqela asekuhlaleni angengobumnandi, amaqela athotyiweyo. Amandla asekelwe kwiklasi, kwihlelo, kwisini, okanye kwisizwe anokubashiya abo babuthathaka ekwenzeni izigqibo. Iprojekthi yokuvuna amanzi eyakhiwe ngabanini-makhaya abazizityebi isenokususa uxinzelelo kummandla ofikeleleka kancinci. Amanyathelo asebenzayo aqhutywa nguluntu asebenza ngokukhutheleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amabhinqa, abaqeshi, amaqela abomthonyama, namahlwempu anelizwi elinentsingiselo ekucebeni nasekungeneleni kweenkqubo eziluncedo.

Ubuchule kunye nohlolo

Ithangi lemvula okanye ivavanya idama elingenziwanga kakuhle lingasilela, lidimalise imigudu yexesha elizayo. Abantu bafuna ukufikelela kuqeqesho lobugcisa oluthembekileyo kunye nenkxaso eqhubekayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukulinganisa impembelelo ekhoyo yemisebenzi emininzi emincinane, eyabelweyo kunzima. Ngaphandle kogcino oluqinileyo malunga nokuba amanzi alondolozwe kangakanani na okanye amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba agcwaliswayo, kunzima ukuthethelela ukuqhubekeka kotyalo-mali. Iinkqubo zenzululwazi yoluntu kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola amanani (njengomlinganiselo wamanzi ophezulu) ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicombululo.

Indlela Engaphambili: Ukuntsonkotha Nokukhula Kwezinto

Ikamva lolawulo lwamanzi kufuneka libe liphezulu kwaye libe likhulu. Ugcino-ntle loluntu alusilo isongezo lweenkqubo ezisembindini, kodwa liqabane eligxekayo kuzo. Izicwangciso ezininzi ziyakukhawulezisa le ntshukumo.

Udibaniso lwamaProthessic: Amaqhosha aphambili aqonda ukuba akanakuphumelela amaxhoba awo okuzikhusela ngaphandle kwenkxaso esebenzayo yoluntu abalukhonzayo. Iinkqubo zesakhiwo zigxininisa indima yabafaki-maplanga. Ukwenza iprojekthi esesikweni yemibutho ekhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwendalo kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu ekhuthazayo kukuveliswa korhwebo oluchuliweyo lwezixhobo.

[[NTL: 0] Izixhobo zoluntu zeNdlela yoLuntu: Unyuko lwezivo kunye nee-apps ezihambayo zinganika uluntu amandla ngogcino-lwazi. Iqela lobume bengingqi ngoku lingajonga iziphumo zokoqobo zamanzi asetyenziswa kwisakhiwo sikawonke-wonke okanye kumgangatho wamanzi asemhlabeni kwi-aquifer yalo yasekuhlaleni. Oku kwakha ukuthembana kwaye kuvumela amaqela ukubona iziphumo ezithe ngqo zemigudu yawo.

Ukunxulumanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu: Njengokuba imozulu ixhaphakile, indalo exhotyiswe kakhulu (njengokubuyiselwa kwemimandla yasezidolophini okanye ukwakha imiyezo yemvula) kunika indlela ephantsi yokulawula ukhukhuliseko nokunciphisa iziphumo zeziqithi zobushushu basedolophini. Oku kwenza indlela "inzuzo eninzi" ebhenela kuludwe lwababhedu, kumaziko oluntu ukuya kumahlathi.

Ukungenisa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo: iinkqubo zokulondoloza amanzi ezisekelwe kwiSikolo zityala imbewu kwibutho lexesha elizayo elixabisa kakhulu amanzi. Xa abantwana befunda ukuvuna imvula okanye ukuvavanya umgangatho wemisinga yasekuhlaleni, bafaka olo lwazi nemigaqo kubomi babo bobudala.

Isiphelo: Uluntu Olunamandla Lwakha Ukhuseleko Olunamandla Lwamanzi

Isifundo esingundoqo esisuka kumashumi eminyaka yomsebenzi wamanzi owenziwe ngengca sicacile: abantu bangowona mthombo uvuselelekayo kumjikelo wamanzi. Izibonelelo eziphezulu zinika umthamo obalulekileyo womqolo, kodwa zinyanzelekile ukuba ulwenzelo olulula, uthemba, kunye nesimilo esifunekayo ukubheka phambili kwixesha elizayo ekungaqiniseki okuphezulu kwamanzi. Ezi zinyathelo zibonisa ukuba imali egciniweyo inokwenzeka, amaxesha amaninzi kwinani lamaxabiso onikezelo olutsha, ngeli elinye lokwenza imiphakathi kunye needolophana.

Kwii-orhulumente, i-NGOs, kunye neziphakamisi-zixhobo zamanzi, indlela engaphambili ibandakanya ukuguqulwa ukusuka kwingqondo elungele ukulawulwa kunye nokulawulwa kolawulo. Nika inkxaso yobuchule. Ubuchule boluntu. Susa imiqobo yolawulo. Thembela ulwazi lwasekuhlaleni. Iziphumo ezibhaliweyo kulo lonke ihlabathi.