Inkqubela Eqhubekayo Ekufundeni Kwasekhaya

Kulo lonke ilizwe, izikolo zasekuhlaleni zicinga kwakhona ngeklasi yesithethe ngokuyila nokusebenzisa iindawo zokufundela ngaphandle. Ezi ndawo — ezisuka kwizihlalo eziqhelekileyo zasemyezweni ukuya kwiinkundla zemidlalo ezixhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo — zinikela enye indlela enamandla yokufundisa ngaphakathi. Ukushintshwa akuthethi ukuba kuyinto entle; uphando lubonisa ukuba imfundo yangaphandle iphucula iziphumo zemfundo, intlalo-ntle yabafundi, kunye nokuhlala kunye nabantu abahlala kunye bayazazi ezi nzuzo, izithuba eziphambili zemfundo zangaphandle zibalulekile kwimimandla ejongeneenjongo ezintle yokulungiselela imfundo.

Imfundo yangaphandle ayiyonto intsha — iinkulungwane zentandabulumko yemfundo, ukusuka kuRousseau ukuya kuMontessori, ziye zagxininisa ukubaluleka kwendalo ekukhuleni kwabantwana. Kodwa kukwishumi leminyaka elidluleyo kuphela ezi nkqubo zesikolo eziye zaqalisa ukuvelisa ngokucwangcisiweyo kwiiklasi ezinikezelwa ngaphandle. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iinzuzo ezininzi zezi ndawo, ukuqwalasela okusebenzisekayo kokuzalisekisa, kunye nempembelelo yexesha elide kubafundi, abafundisi-fundisi, kunye nabantu abaninzi.

Iintsebenziswano zoMfundi

Enye yezona mpikiswano zinyanzelisayo kwizithuba zokufunda ngaphandle yimpembelelo yazo kudibano lwabafundi. Xa izifundo zihamba phandle, ukutshintsha kwendalo kuphela kungavuselela umdla wokufuna ukwazi. Uphando logcino-lwazi [[FLT: 0] Edutopia lubonisa ukuba abafundi abakwimida yangaphandle babonisa umlinganiselo ophezulu woqwalaselo kunye nenxaxheba xa kuthelekiswa neeklasi zasekhaya. Imisebenzi yezandla — efana nokulinganisa ukukhula kwezityalo, ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zomgangatho wamanzi kwidamathili elikufuphi, okanye ukuzobalisa izityalo zasekuhlaleni — baguqula iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo zibe ngamava abonakalayo.

Oku kuganana ngqo kuhambelana nokuphuculwa kwemfundo. Imeta-analysis epapashwe kwi Journal of Environment Education ifumanise ukuba abafundi abathathe inxaxheba kwizifundo ezithe rhoqo zexesha lonke ngaphandle bafumana iziphumo ezingaphezulu kakhulu kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zenzululwazi, izibalo, kunye nobugcisa bolwimi. Ukusingqongileyo okusindalo kunika umxholo otyebileyo wokufunda phakathi kwemfundo: isifundo esinye esibandakanya inzululwazi yebhayoloji, inzululwazi yendalo, ukubhala, kwanezobugcisa. Umzekelo, isifundo ngemithunzi yemvula sisenokubandakanya abafundi abanokwakha izixhobo ezilula zemozulu, ugcino-data, kunye nokubhala.

Ngaphezu koko, ukufunda ngaphandle kuxhasa uqeqesho olwahlulweyo. Abafundi abafunda iKinesthetic bayaphumelela xa bekwazi ukushukuma nokusebenzisa izinto zokwenene. Abafundi ababonayo bancedwa yimibala emininzi, imibala, kunye nemodeli efunyanwa ngaphandle. Kwanabafundi abakwaziyo ukuphicotha bafumana ixabiso ekuphulaphuleni unxulumano lweintaka, izalathiso zomoya, okanye izandi zomsinga. Ngokulungiselela iintlobo ezininzi zokufunda ngexesha elinye, iindawo ezingaphandle ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho mfundi ushiywe ngasemva.

Indima Yokungakhululeki

Uphando lwe-neurocience lubonisa ukuba iindawo ezikufutshane ezibangela ukuba kubekho ukudityaniswa kwenkumbulo. Xa abafundi befumana into entsha — njengesifundo phantsi komphetho wemithi — ubuchopho babo bukhupha i-dopamine, ephucula ukuqwalasela nokusebenzisana. Le nto, maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba “ngumphumela we-novelty,” ithetha ukuba izifundo zokufunda ngaphandle zinokukhunjulwa kakhulu kunokusoloko zifundiswa endlwini. Izikolo ezicwangcisa izifundo eziphuma ngeveki zinikela ingxelo yokuba abafundi bakhumbule ngokuchane ngakumbi kwaye bangayisebenzisa kakuhle kamva.

Ukukhuthaza Impilo Yengqondo Neyezempilo

Iingenelo zempilo zemfundo yangaphandle zichazwe kakuhle. Ukuchanabeka okuthe kratya kunceda ukulawula ukubetha kwe-aDradiam, kuphucula ubunjani bobutholo kunye nokuphaphama kwasemini. Ukusebenza umzimba — nokuba kukuhamba ngegumbi lokufundela ngaphandle, ukuwolula, okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yazandla — kunegalelo kwintshukumo enconyelwayo yemihla ngemihla. Abathathi-nxaxheba bezifo zokuthintela kunye nokuthintela i-[[FLT]] kugxininisa ukuba abantwana kufuneka ubuncinane imizuzu engama-60 yomsebenzi oqinileyo suku ngalunye; ukufundiswa ngaphandle koncedo oluthe kokugqibela umgangatho wesingeyo okanye ixesha.

Iingenelo zempilo yengqondo zibaluleke ngokufanayo. Ixesha lendalo linciphisa umlinganiselo wecortisol, ukunciphisa inkxalabo, kunye nokuphucula isimo sengqondo. Uhlolisiso lwama-2019 kwi- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health lufumanise ukuba abafundi abathathe inxaxheba kwizifundo zangaphandle baxele iziphumo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi olumalunga noontanga ekumiliselweni ngokwesithethe.

Ukongezelela, indalo ikhuthaza umgangatho womoya. Iigumbi zokufundela ezingaphakathi zidla ngokuqokelela ikharbon dioxide, uthuli, kunye neengcongconi, ezinokubangela ukozela nentloko ebuhlungu. Iindawo ezingaphandle zibangela umoya ococekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ingqondo isebenze kakuhle. Ezinye izikolo ziye zalungisa izindlu zazo zangaphandle ziquka izakhiwo zomthunzi, izitishi ezinxinwa, nendawo yokuhlala ezikhuselekileyo kwimozulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba imozulu intle.

Ukuthetha Nokuphazamiseka Kwendalo

Umbhali uRichard Louv waqamba igama elithi “ukungalungelelani kwendalo-moya-dalaficit” ukuchaza ukukhula kokungahambelani phakathi kwabantwana nendalo. Le nto inxulunyaniswa nokwanda kwexabiso lokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo, ubunzima, nokuxinezeleka. Izithuba ezingaphandle kwendlu ziphikisana ngqo nale ntsingiselo ngokuzinzisa indalo esikolweni. Kwanezikolo zasedolophini ezinendawo eluhlaza elinganiselweyo zingenza izitiya zasekhaya, amagumbi endlu yendlu yembutho, okanye izikotho eziphathekayo ezizisa ngaphandle kwi-Nteluwa.

Ukwazisa okusingqongileyo kunye nobugosa

Zizixhobo ezinamandla zemfundo yendalo. Xa abafundi besebenzisana nemekobume yendawo abahlala kuyo — ukutyala imithi, ukugcina isitiya semifuno, okanye ukwakha iihotele zezinambuzane — baqala ukunxibelelana nendalo. Olu nxibelelwano lukhuthaza imvakalelo yokuba nembopheleleko engaphaya kwebala lesikolo. Uphando kwi-National Wildlife Federation lubonisa ukuba abantwana abathatha inxaxheba kwimfundo engaphandle banokubandakanyeka kwizenzo zokuzinkqenkqeza phambili njengemibutho yabantu abadala, njengabo bokuvula isakhiwo, ukulondoloza amanzi, nokuxhasa imithetho yokulondoloza.

Izifundo zendalo eziluncedo zifundisa ubuchule obusebenzisekayo. Abafundi bafunda ngobume bomhlaba, imijikelo yamanzi, ukufuduka komtya, kunye nenkqubo yokutya. Umyezo wesikolo, ngokomzekelo, ungaba yilebhu ephilayo apho abafundi bahlwayela khona imbewu, banyamekela, bagcine, bavule nemifuno yokuvuna. Bandula ke bafunde ngexabiso lokuzondla, ukubala, kwanemveliso yabo. Imisebenzi enjalo idityaniswe inzululwazi, izibalo, uqoqosho, kunye nemfundo yempilo kwiqela elinye le-cohesiventive.

Ngaphandle kolwazi lwabo ngabanye, izithuba zokufundela ngaphandle zinegalelo kwingenelo ebanzi kwindalo. Iindawo zesikolo eziquka izityalo zemveli, imiyezo yemvula, nendawo yokuthutha umtya wemifuno zixhasa izityalo zasekuhlaleni. Zilungiselela iipaseji zeintaka, amabhabhathane nezinambuzane eziluncedo. Kwimimandla yasedolophini, ezi zithuba zinokunciphisa iziphumo zesiqithi esishushu zize ziphucule indlela yokulawula amanzi obushushu. Izikolo ziba ziinkokeli zoluntu ekuhlaleni, zikhokeleleni izinto abahlali abanokuziqhelisela kuzo.

Imizekelo Ecaphulayo

  • Inzululwazi:[ Abafundi bafanisa uhlobo lwemithi, iliso lemo yezulu, okanye uvavanyo lomhlaba we pH.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umtha:[[FLT] ukukhula kwezityalo okulinganisayo, ukubala ummandla wesitiya, okanye ukuyila iimbombo zelanga.
  • [[Ulwimi:0] Ubugcisa bolwimi lwelwimi: ulindindi wendalo, umbongo ophenjelelwa ngamaxesha onyaka, okanye ukubhala imibhalo ebhaliweyo elungiselelwe ukukhathalelwa komyezo.
  • Izifundo zobufundisi: Ubalo lokuhlola usetyenziso lwelizwe lomthonyama, iindlela zokulima zembali, okanye iinkqubo zokutya zasekuhlaleni.
  • [[FLT: 0] Art:[[FLT] Umhlaba ojikelezayo, ukwenza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo esuka kwizinto zendalo, okanye ukufota utshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka.

Ukwakha Uluntu Nobuchule

Ngokungafaniyo nemigangatho enzima yeedesika, igumbi lokufundela ngaphandle lidla ngokusebenzisa izihlalo ezithambileyo — izihlalo, izihlalo, izihlalo ezivulekileyo, okanye itafile yepikiniki — ezivumela abafundi ukuba basebenze ngamaqela. Abafundisi badla ngokuyila imisebenzi encedisanayo, efana nokwakha i-boppost, ukuzoba ibala isikolo, okanye ukuzoba inxalenye yentlobo-ntlobo. Le misebenzi ifuna unxibelelwano, ukunxibelelana, kwaye yenza izigqibo, zonke ezi zinto zibangela ukuba kubekho ubuchule bokuncedana.

Iingenelo zidlulela nangaphandle kwabafundi. Abazali, amashishini, nemibutho yasekuhlaleni idla ngokuba nenxaxheba ekudaleni nasekulungiseni iindawo ezingaphandle. Isikolo sisenokusebenzisana nevesi yezonyango yasekuhlaleni ukunikela ngezityalo, okanye nenkampani elungisa izityalo ukuya kwindlela yokuyila. Imisebenzi yelivolontiya idibanisa iintsapho, yomeleza umanyano lwesikolo. Kwimimandla emininzi, izithuba zemfundo zangaphandle ziye zaba yindawo ephambili kwiziganeko zengingqi, njengemaketheko, imiboniso, okanye inzululwazi yentsapho.

Abafundisi bakwangenelwa kwimfundiso encedisanayo ngaphandle. Ukufundisa ngokufundisa kuba lula xa isithuba singekho; iiklasi ezimbini zingabelana ngengingqi engaphandle ukwenzela imisebenzi edibeneyo. Imfundo ekhethekileyo kunye nootitshala abaqhelekileyo banikela ingxelo yokuba izicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo ngaphandle zinciphisa iingxaki zendlela yokuziphatha kwaye zikhuthaza ukubandakanywa. Abafundi abane-autism, i-ADHD, okanye iziphene emzimbeni badla ngokuziva bekhululekile kwaye bedibaniswe ngaphandle, apho amachiza esandi ahlukeneyo kodwa angothuntutheki.

Isifundo Setyala: Isikolo Esikwisiqabu

KwiSikolo saseLincoln, iinguqulelo zaqala ngebhedi enye egadini. Kwiminyaka emibini, indawo yokufundela ngaphandle yanda yaquka isakhiwo esineebhodi ezimhlophe, isitiya semvula, indawo yokuhlala amabhabhathane, kunye nendawo encinane egcina ihomoni. Ngoku abafundisi- ntsapho bafundisa isifundo esinye ngeveki. Ngokutsho kwenqununu, i-atracy readralss ehla ngama-40% ngonyaka wokuqala, kwaye umzali okuzithandela unyuka ngama-300%.

Ukunyamekela Nocelomngeni Olusebenzisekayo

Nangona ziluncedo, ukuvelisa iindawo zokufunda ngaphandle kufuna ukucwangcisa kakuhle. Izikolo kufuneka zicombulule iingxaki eziliqela ezingundoqo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba ziphumelele yaye ziyazinzisa.

Imozulu Nemozulu

Imozulu eguquguqukayo yeyona nto iqheleke kakhulu. Imvula, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ingqele okanye umoya ungenza uqeqesho lwangaphandle lungabi mnandi okanye lungabi khuseleka. Izicombululo ziquka ukufaka iiseyile zomthunzi, izakhiwo ezigqunywe, ukubhudla komoya, kunye nendawo yokuhlala eshushu. Izikolo ezikwimozulu enemvula zisoloko zixhobisa amagumbi okufundela ngaphandle ngemigqomo engangeni manzi kunye nezikhuseli-khusi ezilungisekayo. Kwakhona abafundisi bangenza “imini engaphandle izifundo ezibandakanya iplanga okanye ukujonga kwamafu, ukujika kwemozulu ibe lithuba lokufunda.

Ukhuseleko nokhuthuzo

Indawo zangaphandle kufuneka zenzelwe ukukhusela engqondweni. Ukukhusela, izicwangciso zemozulu ezikhuselekileyo, iilayini ezicacileyo, kunye neendawo ezikhuselekileyo zibalulekile kubafundi abajongele phantsi. Izikolo kufuneka ziqhube uhlolo oluthe rhoqo lwengozi — ukukhangela iingozi eziyingozi, izinto ezibukhali, okanye izityalo ezinetyhefu. Imithetho elandelwayo yengozi, efana neplani enzima yemozulu, kufuneka ibekwe kwigumbi lokufundela ngaphandle. Ngaphezu koko, abafundisi- ntsapho kufuneka baqeqeshelwe ulawulo lomngcipheko wangaphandle kunye noncedo lokuqala.

Ulawulo kunye neNgxowa-mali

Izikolo ezingaphandle zifuna intlawulo yotyalo-mali lokuqala. Iindleko zokohluka kakhulu: isangqa esilula semithi singabiza amakhulu ambalwa eerandi, ngelixa iholo yemidlalo exhotyisiweyo enombane neWi-Fi ingaya kwishumi lamawaka. Izikolo zisoloko zifuna iminikelo kwiintlangano ezifana ne Izikolo Eziluhlaza zeNational Network, iziseko zasekuhlaleni, okanye izixhasi zenkampani. Imibutho elidiza namaqela omfundisi-manyeneyo ayakwazi ukwanelisa inkcitho yoqingqo-mali. Ugcino-mali oluqhubekayo — i-ming, i-ming, i-ming, iprojectivesss — kufuneka ibhaliswe ngonyaka.

Uqeqesho Lomfundisi - ntsapho Nolungelelwaniso

Ootitshala kufuneka baphucule ubuchule babo ukuze basebenzise izithuba ezingaphandle. Abafundisi abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba abakulungele ukulawula iklasi ngaphandle okanye ukudibanisa imisebenzi engaphandle nemigangatho. Izikolo zingayithetha le nto ngokunikela iiverhe, ngokunika iisikhokelo zezifundo, kwaye zidibanisa abafundisi-mfundo kunye nabafundisi-mfundo abanamava. Ezinye isithili ziqesha abaququzeleli bemfundo ngaphandle ukuxhasa unxulumano kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukufundisa ngaphandle kuba yinxalenye yendalo yesixhobo sekhompyutha esisetyenziswa nge-padogogi.

Ukungalingani

Asizizo zonke izikolo ezikwaziyo ukufikelela kwindawo eluhlaza. Izikolo zasedolobheni ezikwimimandla eyakhiwe kakhulu zingazama ukufumana umhlaba ofanelekileyo. Izinto ezinokuhanjiswa — njengeenqwelo ezinamavili ezinezinto zendalo, iipop-cape, kunye nezihlalo ezinyakaziswayo — zingazisa ulwazi ngaphandle kwimimandla emnyama. Izikolo zingasebenzisana neepaki, iindawo zendalo, okanye izitiya ze-boothtics ukusebenzisa amagumbi okufundela angaphandle. Iinqwelo-mfono kunye nocwangciso lwemingeniselo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi, kungakhathaliseki ikhowudi ye-zip, iyanceda ekufundeni ngaphandle.

Impembelelo yexesha elide kunye nokuzinziswa

Iingenelo zokufunda ngaphandle ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abafundi abakhula befundiswa ngaphandle rhoqo bavelisa imikhwa ehlala ihleli yokufuna ukwazi, ukwenza umthambo, kunye nokunyamekela indalo. Abafundisi-bafundisi abayamkelayo ngaphandle bachaza ulwaneliseko lomsebenzi oluphezulu nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wokudinwa. Izikolo ezinenkqubo ezisungulweyo ngaphandle zidla ngokubona ukuba inani labantu abayayo liphucukile kwaye zinciphisa iziganeko zoqeqesho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho impumelelo exhasa ukukhula komntwana opheleleyo.

Izithuba zangaphandle kufuneka zigcinwe zize zihlaziyeke ukuze zihlale zibandakanyekile. Oku kudibanisa izilimo ezitsha zasegadini, ukongeza izihlalo ezintsha, ukuhlaziya imiqondiso kunye nobugcisa (ezifana noluvo lwemozulu okanye iikhamera zendalo) kugcina isithuba sisebenza ngamandla. Iikomiti zabafundi ziyakwazi ukuba nento yokwenza nokuba kunye, ukutshintshana kweembopheleleko zokunkcenkcenkceshela, ukuhluza nokuhlola izilwanyana zasendle. Oku akunciphi nje kuphela iindleko zokulondoloza iindleko kodwa kukwandisa izifundo zobutyala kunye nenkonzo yoluntu.

Xa ujonga phambili, iindawo zokufunda ngaphandle zinokuba yinxalenye esesikweni yoyilo lwesikolo, njengeencwadi kunye neeholo zemidlalo zifana. Amathala eencwadi akhula ngokukhula adibanisa uphahla oluluhlaza, iipaseji ezingaphandle, kunye nokufunda imiyezo kwizakhiwo zesikolo ezintsha. Izikolo ezikhoyo ziyakwazi ukuvuselela amabala azo ngokutsha. Umbutho ukhula, uxhaswa luphando, inkqubo, kunye neengca.

Isiphelo: Inyathelo Eliqhelekileyo Lemfundo

Zizikolo zobulali ezingenisa ezi zithuba zokufunda ngaphandle kwendlu zingaphezulu kakhulu kunentsingiselo. Zizicwangciso eziluncedo, ezisekelwe kubungqina zokuphucula iziphumo zemfundo, impilo, ukubhalisa, kunye namaqhina oluntu. Izikolo zongingqi ezingenisa ezi ndawo zibona iingenelo ezikhawulezileyo nezihlala zihleli. Ngoxa iingxaki ezifana nemozulu, inkxaso-mali, kunye nokuqeqesha zikho, ziyaphumelela, zinokuphumelela ekucwangcisweni nasekuzibopheleleni impumelelo yomzimba kunye nolwakhiwo olunamandla lwemfundo kunye nokudityaniswa okuqhubekayo kwengingqinelwano.

Njengokuba abafundisi-mfundo beqhubeka befuna iindlela zokulungiselela abafundi ngehlabathi elintsonkothileyo nelitshintshayo, ngaphandle kuvela igumbi lokufundela elifikelelekayo, eliphantsi, nelinobuchule obuphezulu. Enoba ngesangqa esilula phantsi komthi okanye kwisiziko sokufundela ngaphandle, iingenelo zicacile: abafundi bathenjiswe iliso, banempilo entle, kwaye baxhotyiselwe ngakumbi ukuba ngabaphathi abacingayo bemeko-bume yabo. Ixesha lokuzisa ukufunda ngaphandle ngoku.