Ufundo olusuka kwi Iqela lemfundo yembali yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemveli lubonisa ukuba abafundi abaninzi bazama ukwahlula phakathi kolwazi oluthembekileyo noluxhaswayo, bebalaselisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuphuhlisa ubuchule bokuhlola. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa amanqanaba, ubuchule, ubuchule, kunye nocelomngeni lokwakha obu bubuchule kwimfundo yezezentlalo-ntle, ukunika ukhokelo olubanzi kubafundisi kunye nabemi ngokufanayo.

Ukuqonda Ubuchule Bokuhlola Obubalulekileyo

Uhlolisiso oluziinjongo zenkqubela-phambili yinkqubo yokuhlalutya ulwazi ukuze kubonwe ukuthembeka, ukusebenza, nokuchana. Ludlulela ngaphaya kokukhangela nje inyani; lufuna uhlolo olunzulu lwenjongo yemvelaphi, umongo, kunye neengcamango eziphantsi. Ngezantsi, siyawonakalisa iinkalo ezingundoqo zobu buchule bumiselwe.

Ukubona Iibhiya Nembono

Lonke ulwazi luhluzwa ngokujonga iliso. Ukuqonda ikhethe kubandakanya ukuqonda ingcaciso ecacileyo necacileyo. Umzekelo, inqaku leendaba elimalunga nomvotelwa wezobupolitika lingagxininisa izibakala ezilungileyo zelo lishiya ubungqina obuphikisanayo. Ukufundisa abafundi ukubuza “Ngubani owadala oku? Kutheni?" Yintoni eshiyiweyo?" inceda baqonde ikhethe. Izixhobo ezifana RADCAB type (Umkhuseli, uMhla, uMhla, uFihraga, Ulungile, u-Bias) zinika iplani elungeleleyiyo yokuhlalutya.

Ukuvavanya ukufumaneka kwemithombo

Uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP luxhomekeke ekuthembekeni nasebuncutsheni bemvelaphi. Oolindixesha abajongwa ngokutsha, ii-database zikarhulumente (.gov), kunye nezindululo zobuzwilakhe ezisunguliweyo zeendaba zisoloko zithembekile kakhulu kunee-Web sinolwazi olungaziwayo okanye ii-pad zonxibelelwano. Uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP (Umjikelezo, u-Relevance, uGunyaziso, uLixa, injongo) luyindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanziyo ukuvavanya imithombo. Umzekelo, ufundo olupapashwa kwijela leencwadi zenzululwazi luthwala ubunzima obungaphezulu kunobunzima obuvela kwingxelo engachazwangaqinisekiswanga, nokokubalwangachazwanga. Obafundisi kufuneka bagxininisiintloko-edenti-ediza-evayo kunye nokufundwa kamva kokufunda ii-tab ezininzi ukuqinisekisa oko kuthethwa ngokuchasene noshicilelo oluzimele.

Ukuqonda Ubuxoki Obusengqiqweni

Ubuxoki yimpazamo ekuqiqeni okudambisa iimpikiswano. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka i-ad hominem (ukuhlasela umntu endaweni yengxoxo), umququ (omela impikiswano ukwenza kube lula ukuhlasela), kunye noxanduva olububuxoki (ukunika kuphela ukhetho olubini xa kukho). Abafundi abafundisayo ukuphawula ezi mpikiswano zidibeneyo baxhobisa ukuba basebenzise intetho egqwethayo okanye echuliweyo. Umzekelo, kwiingxoxo zezobupolitika, umxhasi angasebenzisa iqhina elityibilizayo ukubeka ingxengxeza iziphumo zomgaqo othile, kwaye baqonde oko kunceda abaphulaphuli bahlolisise impikiswano ngokugxeka.

Ubungqina Neempikiswano Ezingathandekiyo

Asibo bonke ubungqina obuye badalwa obulinganayo. Abafundi kufuneka bafunde ukwahlula phakathi kobungqina obukhoyo kunye nogcino-lwazi olusekelwe kumanani, ukuqonda ubungakanani bokulinganisa kunye nokubaluleka kobalo, kwaye baqonde xa ubungqina buxhasa intelekelelo okanye iekhomputha nje. Uvavanyo oluqinileyo luquka ukukhangela indlela yombhali, ukubuza ukuba ubungqina bungaphinda bufunyanwe, kwaye kuqwalaselwe ezinye iingcaciso. Obu buchule bubalulekile kwingxoxo yequmrhu, apho ugcino-lwazi lusoloko lusetyenziswa ngokukhetha ukuxhasa izikhundla ze-Rhovisi.

Ukubaluleka Kohlolisiso Olubalulekileyo Kumsebenzi Wobudlelane

Abemi abanolwazi basisiseko sedemokhrasi esempilweni. Ubuchule bokuvavanya bunika amandla abantu ukuba babandakanyeke kwimicimbi yezobupolitika neyasekuhlaleni ngokunempumelelo, baqhubele phambili ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo ukuze bathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, ngoku.

Uphuhliso Lolwazi Lwesigqibo

Lukhetho ngalunye, i-arhenteum, kunye nesigqibo somgaqo-siseko sikawonke wonke kufuneka abavoti bavavanye ii-CD ezikhuphisanayo. Ngaphandle kokucingisisa, abemi bangasekela ukhetho kwizibheno ezingokweemvakalelo okanye kwinkohliso. Umzekelo, ngexesha lesifo se-COVID-19, inkohliso ngemichiza yokugoma yakhokelela abanye ekwenzeni izigqibo zempilo eziphikisanayo nengqino yenzululwazi. Ukusuka kwemithombo efana neCDC kunye ne-posi yezentlalo-ndaba eziqhelekileyo kungayitshintsha iziphumo. Obu buchule buxhasa ngqo inkqubo yedemokhrasi ngokuba izigqibo zisekelwe kubungqina obuthembekileyo.

Ikhuthaza Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ngokukhutheleyo

Xa abantu bethemba ukuba bayakwazi ukuqwalasela inkcazelo, badla ngokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yezentlalo-ntle `iiholo zedolophu ezimanyeneyo, ukujolisa amaqela obuchule bokufumana inzala, okanye kwanokubaleka kwisikhundla. Uphando lwe-Pew Pew ufumanise ukuba abantu abanobukhuthazo kwizifundo zabo zobugcisa badla ngokuchitha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zobupolitika. Uhlolisiso oluthethsileyo lunciphisa uloyiko lokulahlekiswa nokukhuthazwa kweziko, ababukeli abakhutheleyo baguqulele kwimisebenzi yabo.

Ukwanela Nokuqonda

Uvavanyo olubaxiweyo lufuna ukujonga iimbono ezahlukileyo kolwakho. Ngokufunda ukuqwalasela iimpikiswano kakuhle, abemi banokubandakanyeka kwiimbono eziphikisanayo ngaphandle kokubhenela ekuthanjisweni ziidemon. Obu buchule bunciphisa ulwaneliseko ngokukhuthaza ulwazelelelo nokuthobeka. Umzekelo, ukuhlolisisa ubungqina obukwimigaqo-nkqubo yokufuduka kunokukunceda uqonde indlela umntu acinga ngayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, nokuba ekugqibeleni abavumelani. Ukunyamezela kukhula ekugqalwaneni neengxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezinqabileyo, eziziiiiiiimpendulo eziziimpendulo eziziiingxaki.

Uthintelo Oluphosakeleyo

Ukungagqibeki kolwazi kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunenyaniso kwisizukulwana samanani, ngokufuthi eneziphumo ezinzulu. Ukwazi ukuhlolisisa inkcazelo ngokunzulu kungundoqo wokhuseleko. Ngokuxhotyiswe ngobu buchule, abemi bangafanisa iingxelo zobuxoki . ezifana neengcamango zozungu ngonyulo okanye impilo kawonke-wonke (eye ingavumi ukulwandisa. Imibutho yenyaniso efana neSnopes ne Associated Press inika imizekelo yobungqina, kodwa eyona mbopheleleko iphambili ixhomekeke kumntu ngamnye. Ukwakha uluntu olunemibuzo yemvelo nenyani ekwindlela esebenzayo echasene nobhubhani wolwazi lobuxoki.

Ubuchule Bokuhlola Obumanyumnyezi

Abaqeqeshi banendima ebalulekileyo ekuhlakuleleni obu buchule. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisekelwe kuphando lwezifundo zezamayeza yaye zinokusetyenziselwa umgangatho owahlukahlukeneyo wezifundo.

Khuthaza Ukubuza

Umbuzo ungundoqo wokuvavanya isiseko sovavanyo olubalulekileyo. Ootitshala bangenza umdla ngokubuza imibuzo ephenduliweyo efana nothi “Uyazi njani?” okanye “Bubuphi ubungqina obuya kuguqula ingqondo yakho?” Indlela yobuSocrates, apho abafundi bashukunyiselwa ukuphanda ukuqiqa kweenkolelo zabo, isebenza kakuhle. Ukubhala okufutshane kukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bachaze isizathu sokuba bathembele okanye bangathembi kumthombo othile.

Imithombo Yokuzihlolisisa Ngokufunda Kwamva

Kunokuba bamkele umthombo obalulekileyo, abafundi kufuneka baqhelise ukufunda okusemgangathweni: ukushiya iphepha lokuqala nokufuna ulwazi malunga nodumo lwemvelaphi kunye nemali. Umzekelo, ukuba umfundi udibana newebhsayithi ethi imo yezulu bubuxoki, kufuneka avule itab entsha ukukhangela oko kuthethwa yimibutho yenzululwazi emiselweyo malunga nelo ndawo. Iinjongo zesifundo ezivela kwi ` CCOP] Copution Online Disonity system syst [[] ibonelela ubuchule obufutshane bokufunda ngevidiyo kunye nee-'Activess ezithis ezithi zivezizo kamva.

Ingxoxo Nengxoxo Engokwasemcimbini

Iingxoxo ezisisiseko zinyanzelisa abafundi ukuba bakhusele iindawo besebenzisa ubungqina, balindele ukuphikiswa, kwaye baphendule kwii-critiques. Oku kwakha uvavanyo kunye nobuchule bokuphikisa. Abafundisi kufuneka bakhethe imixholo enxulumene nobomi bentlalo-ntle. Ngokufana nenkqubo yonyango okanye amalungelo okuvota, kwaye banike imithombo ekhutshiweyo. Ingxoxo ikwafundisa ukuthobeka kobulumko, njengoko abafundi befumanisa ukuba kwaneengxoxo zabo zinokuba neempazamo. Undoqo kukwenza imeko ekhuselekileyo apho iingcamango zicelw'ucelwa kodwa abathathi-nxaxheba bahlonelwe.

Sebenzisa islayida zehlabathi zokwenene

Uphando lwetyala luzisa iingcamango ezingekho ngqiqweni ebomini. Umzekelo, ingxaki yamanzi eFlint inika ithuba elininzi: abafundi bangaqwalasela iingxelo zikarhulumente, amanqaku eendaba, kunye neengxelo zomxhasi wokuvavanya ukuba ngubani othembekileyo nosizathu sini. Omnye umcimbi kukunwenwa kwengcamango yeqhinga lePizza" `umzekelo ophambili wendlela ukuxoka okunokuba neziphumo zokwenene ngayo. Ngokudibanisa ezo ziganeko, abafundi babona impembelelo ecacileyo yokucingisiswa ngokuchana kweminyele (okanye ukungakho kwayo) kwimimandla kunye nedemokhrasi.

Ukusebenzisa uhlolo oluBanzi

Ukunyusa ubuchule bokuhlola obubalulekileyo kwimfundo esemthethweni kufuna ucwangciso kunye nentsebenziswano yezifundo ezisemva kwesikolo. Nazi iingcamango eziliqela zokuzalisekisa eziye zangqineka zisebenza kwizikolo kwilizwe lonke.

Imfundo esekelwe kwiprojekti

Yabelani iinkqubo ezifuna abafundi ukuba baphande umba wengxelo yangoku ngeembono ezininzi, bahlolisise umgangatho wemithombo, baze bavelise uhlalutyo olulungeleleneyo. Umzekelo, iprojekthi engobundilele obunomnatha ingenza abafundi bathathe amanyathelo okuhlola iimpikiswano kwiFCC, abanikezeli be-Internet, kunye namaqela athengisela abathengi. Inkqubo yokuqokelela nokuvavanya ubungqina ibaluleke kakhulu kunemveliso yokugqibela; ootitshala kufuneka banike uvavanyo lokuhlola imvelaphi baze bafune iibhula-mbali ezichaza isizathu sokuba kukhethwe ngumthombo ngamnye.

Iiyunithi Zokufunda Okuthe ngqo

Zinikezele iiyunithi ezithile kulwazi lwezibonelelo, ukugxininisa kwindlela eziveliswa ngayo iindaba, indlela yokubumba i-algorithm, nendlela yokuchonga okuqulethwe yi-athom exhasweyo ngokuchasene nogcino-lwazi. Inkcazo kunye neentlangano ezifana ne News Literacy Project [ inikela izicwangciso zesifundo esilungiselelweyo kunye nezixhobo ezinika ingxelo. Abafundi bangahlola uphando lwenkcazelo ephosakeleyo ngentsholongwane, balandelele imvelaphi yayo, kwaye baqhelise iindlela zokuyitshintsha. Ezi yunithi kufuneka zidityaniswe kwiinkalo, hayi zidityaniswe kwisethi enye, ukuze ziqinise ubuchule obusetyenziswa ngexesha elidluleyo.

Indlela yokusebenzisana

Uvavanyo olubalulekileyo aluphelelanga kwizifundo zentlalo. Iiklasi zembali zingaqwalasela imvelaphi engundoqo yemkhethe; inzululwazi ingahlola inkqubo yokubonisa uvavanyo lontanga kwaye yahlule ulwahlulo kwi-causion; kwaye iiklasi zamaNgesi zingasusa iindlela zokuyila izicwangciso zokuphendula ngokungena mpendulo kwiincwadi eziyekelelayo. Xa abafundisi-masebe ahlukeneyo elungelelaniswe ````umfundisi-lwazi wembali'', umfundisi-lwazi wenzululwazi bobabini bagxininisa uvavanyo lwemvelaphi kwiveki enye. Le ndlela yokudibanisa ibonakalisa ukuba uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lubuchule bomhlaba wonke, hayi iqhinga elingumxholo.

Abathethi Abatyeleleyo kunye neenqanawa zoluntu

Mema intatheli, abasebenzi bethala leencwadi, abaphandi, okanye abacebisi-lwazi ukuba bathethe nabafundi. Oogqirha behlabathi lokwenene bangabelana ngamava abo: indlela abaqinisekisa ngayo ibali leendaba eliphukileyo, indlela ababusingatha ngayo ubungqina obuphikisanayo, okanye indlela ababuchaza ngayo ubugocibo obunzulu. Iintatheli zoluntu zisoloko zizimisele ukuqhuba izikolo. Ngaphezu koko, oosomashishini bayakwazi ukufundisa abafundi indlela yokufumana iinkcazelo nokusebenzisa izixhobo zophando ngaphaya ko-Google. Ezi zenzo zibonisa ukuba uphando olunenkcaciso lungumatshini abanolwazi olunenkcunkcathu, hayi nje iklasi yeklasi.

Iingxaki Zokufundisa Ubuchule Obubalulekileyo Bokuhlolisisa

Phezu kwazo nje iinzuzo ezicacileyo, abafundisi - ntsapho bajamelana nemiqobo ephawulekayo xa bezama ukuhlakulela obu buchule.

Ulwazi lokulayishwa okungaphezulu nokugcwala kwamanani

Abafundi basoloko begrogriswa ngolwazi olusuka kwi media media, i-eject, kunye neeqonga. Umthamo ophezulu wenza kube nzima ukunqumama nokuvavanya iceba ngalinye. Ukulwa oku, othisha bayakwazi ukunceda abafundi ukuba bavelise imodeli yengqondo: endaweni yokuzama ukuvavanya yonke into, bangafunda ukujolisa kwizigqibo eziphezulu (umz., intelekelelo yezempilo, ulwazi lokuvota) kwaye basebenzise ii-header ezifana “ukukhangela igama lomthombo” okanye“ ukuba kubonakala ngathi liyingozi kakhulu, mhlawumbi." ukuchaza iindaba ezithembekileyo zondla kunye nolwandiso olufana nolwandiso lwe-Medias/Factive kuzakunciphisa umgangatho wokusebenza.

Uqinisekiso

Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu batsaleleka kulwazi oluqinisa iinkolelo zabo ezakhe zabakho ngaphambili. Uqhatho lwengqiniseko lungenza abafundi bamkele ubungqina obubuthathaka obuxhasa imbono yabo ngelinye ixesha bechasa ubungqina obunamandla obuphikisana nayo. Ukuphikisa oku, abafundisi- ntsapho banokunika imithambo ebhenca ngabom abafundi iingxoxo ezicaciswe kakuhle zelinye icala. Umzekelo, umfundi okholelwa ekulawuleni imipu ngokungqongqo angafunda incwadi ekhuthaza amalungelo empu, kwaye aphikisane nento ephosakeleyo. Ukulandela ingxubusho ephambili kufuneka igxininise ekuzihloleni ngokwazo iimpikiswano, hayi ekutshintsheni iinkolelo. Oku kwenza ukuba umntu abe nobuchule bokulawula ubuchule bokulawula umpu.

Ukunqongophala Kwezibonelelo Noqeqesho

Abaqeqeshi abaninzi banikela ingxelo enganelanga nezinto ezaneleyo kunye nenkqubela-phambili yokufundisa uphando olunzulu. Ezinye iiklasi zisenolwaneliseko ngokunzulu ngokuphanda. Ukuthetha ngoku, izikolo kufuneka zifake imali kwizinto ezisemgangathweni njengezifundo zeStanford COR, ezikhululekeyo nezisekelwe kubungqina. Uqeqesho lomfundisi-lwazi lwemfundo yezixhobo zezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nokucingisisa izinto ezibucuphi nako luyimfuneko. Iinkokeli zesithili ziyakwazi ukuncedisana neeyunivesithi okanye imibutho engafumani ngeniso eninzi ukulungiselela uqeqesho. Kwanangaphandle kokungaqeqeqeshwa, abafundisi-bafundisi-mfundo-zincwadi eziphezulu, banokuqalisa okuncinane: ukuvavanyaniswa komthambo omnye weqela ngalinye kwaye kwakhiwe ngokuthe ngcembeko.

Ukuxhathisa Ukuguquka

Abanye abafundi `nabazali) basenokukuxhathisa ukucingela ngokuqatha ukuba bakugqala njengokungaqiniseki kwegunya okanye imilinganiselo yesithethe. Umzekelo, ukubuza ingxelo yembali okanye umbhalo wonqulo kusenokusoyikisa. Abafundisi bangathatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo njengesixhobo sokuxhasa, hayi ukubuyisela iinkolelo zobuqu. Injongo ayikokuphelisa ukuthemba amaziko kodwa kukucombulula. Ukusebenzisa ulwimi “lobumi obungamkelekiyo” kunye no“ nolwazi” lunceda ukubeka ubuchule njengesixhobo esixabisekileyo kunokuhlasela ingqiqo. Ukumisela imigaqo yeklasi yentlonelo nengxoxo yobungqina kukwanciphisa ukuchasana.

Isiphelo: Indlela Engaphambili

Ubuchule bokuqwalasela bungundoqo wokufunda. Njengabafundisi-mfundo, yimbopheleleko yethu ukuxhobisa abafundi ngezixhobo abafanele bazisebenzise ukuze bahambe kakuhle kwindawo entsonkothileyo yolwazi. Ngokukhuthaza obu buchule, sinokunika isizukulwana esilandelayo amandla okusebenzisana nobuchule boluntu. Uhambo luqala kwiiklasi, kodwa luquka iintsapho, iincwadi, iincoko zoluntu. Ngokuqhelisela ngabom, isikolo esixhasayo, kunye nesibopho sokuqiqaqa, singakha ubuchule bokwabelana ngezakhono zoluntu, kodwa sinokwakha ulawulo lwedemokhrasi oluthe krafikiswe lungalusebenzisa nje ulwazi kodwa luphucula ulwazi nolulo olunamandla.