Ukusekwa kolawulo lomtshato olulinganayo kukude. ngo-2015] kwamela incopho enzulu esemthethweni neyasekuhlaleni yeLGBTQ + amalungelo eUnited States. Kodwa, phezu kwalona mthetho weNkundla ePhakamileyo, ukulwela ukulingana komtshato kusekude. Kumazwe alungelelanisiweyo kulo lonke ilizwe, iphulo elilungelelanisiweyo nelintsonkothileyo elisemthethweni liyaqhubeka livavanyanisa ukulingana, umlinganiselo, umlinganiselo, kunye nekamva lomtshato owenziwe ngomthetho. Ezi zingxaki ezininzi, ukusuka kwimithetho encinci yokungahexiyo yonqulo ukuya kwiingxoxo ezibanzi ezithe ngqo ezisongela imigaqo yomgaqo-mgaqo-siseko ebekwe ngqo ngumthetho omiselwe ngumthetho, utshona umgaqo osemthethweni othe ngqo, uqikelelo lwemeko oluphezulu lwemeko-mo yendalo, olulungele ukuvavanywa kwemiqobo, olubanzi lwemeko yemeko yemeko yezoburhulumente, ithetha ngomthetho, engqingqingqi yobulungisa, engqineyo, engqineyo, ejongeneyo i

Isiseko Esisemthethweni Somgangatho Womtshato Nenkcaso Yaso Ehlala Ihleli

IsiHlomelo Se - 14 nelungelo Lokutshata

Isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo uluvo lwabaGqibi beNkundla oluPhakamileyo [u-Oberg] lwe-Ofish v. i-hodges ayizange iphume kwikhama. Yayincopho yamashumi eminyaka yokucaciswa eyamisa umtshato njengewokuqala ephambili phantsi koMphetho- 14. Uluvo lweNkundla lwamaninzi, olubhalwe nguJajiyo Anthony Kennedy, luthi nelungelo lokutshata likhuselwa yinkululeko esisiseko yi-Unioctive Clausle nelow) (1967) ekwakungangeni umtshato okuthiwe kwawuchaphaze u-'umthetho olinganayo. [FFocrome] [5]

Ukuvela Kwentshukumo Echasene Nemithetho

Ngokufutshane emva kwesigqibo [[FLT: 0] sawa , imibutho ebambelele kwimigaqo-siseko eqhelekileyo , njenge-Alliance Desifing Free (ADF) neLifa lemveli(IFation) yaqalisa ukwenza icebo elitsha elisemthethweni. Ukuqonda ukuba ukuhlasela okungqalileyo kwimithetho kwakunzima ukuphumelela kwixesha elifutshane, kwasusa uhlolo lwawo kubafundi abasemthethweni olubiza "ukhupholo-mpuko. Eli cebo libandakanya ukusukela amatyala ancinane aphendulweyo kwimiphetho yomthetho, ukwenza uphakatho lweempikiswano zonqulo, kwaye ukubeka ityala eziphantsi kwezinkundla ezinokuthi ekugqibeleni zithethelele ukubhukuqa ulawulo [FLT] [3] umgaqo osemthethweni othe waphindwayo, kwaye unikezelo olusemthethweni, umgaqo-okisayo lwemithetho-mthetho osemthethweni, ufanele unikezele umgaqo-onke. [FFoc.B.] [Foc.]

Imimandla Esemthethweni Yanamhlanje EmaZweni Anemiqobo

Ukubuyiselwa Kwenkululeko Yonqulo Izenzo (IiRFRA) Nesazela SikaClaus

Ucelomngeni olukhawulezileyo nolwasasazekileyo olungokwasemthethweni kumtshato kumaphondo anokulwamkelwa ngokusesikweni lululwando lweNguquko Yonqulo (RFRAS). Ngoxa iRFRA yabethwa ngokwamazwe isixeko saseBoerne v. Floct [1997] [iiii-FLT] [iiiindlela], amazwe amaninzi aye amisela iinguqulelo zawo. Le mithetho idla ngokunikezela ukuba urhulumente ungabi namsebenzi ofanelekileyo wonqulo ngaphandle kokuba unenzala enyanzelekayo kwaye usebenzisa iindlela ezithintelayo zokuyifikelela. [kusetyenziswa kwemigaqo elungileyo, esetyenziswayo, irekhomgalelo oluthe ngqo, i-RFRAFRA] esetyenziswa ukuphikisa loo mba, ii-florve, ukuthatha iinkonzo, nokuvala ezinye iinkonzo ezisemthethweni ezisemthethweni, imele ukungavumi ngokusemthethweni, ukuyelela ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho elungileyo, elungileyo, evumela imvume yonqulo.[imivrejikele, i-okrala ngokulinganayo, i-or

Isithunzi SamaDobb: IJaji uThomas’s Call to Recounts Obergefell

Isisongelo esibaluleke kakhulu kumtshato savela kwisigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo .[FLT][FLT]] ````. Jackson Women’s Health Organization' [2022], eyabhukuqa [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [4] v [v.[FLT] v . [[FLT]] [iindlela ecacileyo] iJajikelezwe nguMbali, uClambele uClamzelo Clarence Thomas usebenzise inyathelo lokususa okufanelekileyo, imithetho engookanye neyokuthe , ithetha ukuba iNkuthelela kuwe , umtshato othe `FFF] uthe , uthelela umtshato othe , uthe gqoyo: [[10] ukuye: [iingxaki egotyibilisiweyo] ityala lomtshato, ithe ukuqwala ithe ukugosa ithelela kufutshane.[10]

"Musa Ukuyithi iGay" neAnti-LGBTQ+ Umthetho njengomatshini wokudibanisa

Nangona ingahlaseli ngokuthe ngqo ekumisweni komtshato, igalelo le "Musa Ukuthi Gay" iindleko kunye nemiyalelo yemfundo echasene ne-LGBTQ+ kwimimandla enjengeFlorida, Arkansas, kunye ne-Alabama inempembelelo ebuhlungu kumava omtshato obomi. Le mithetho ithintela ingxubusho yeklasi yembonakalo yesondo kunye nokuzichaza ngokwesini, ngokunempumelelo ukubekwa komthetho weentsapho ezifanayo kwingxoxo kawonke wonke. Iingcali zezemthetho ziphikisa ngelithi oku kudala imekobume echaseneyo apho izibini ezingomb ’ ezimanyeneyo zinokuba nobunzima ekulondolozeni amalungelo okufumana ilungelo okutholwa kwabazali ezikolweni, okanye zifumane iinzuzo ezikhoyo ngaphandle kokujongena ikhethe okanye imingeni esemthethweni. Ngokuhlakulela ulwalamano olusemthethweni lwezi ndawo eziqhuba iLBTQt+ ulwalamano olungafanelekanga okanye oludityaniswe ngokuchasene nomthetho, le mithetho efuna ukuchana kumalungelo asemthethweni asemthethweni amaqela asemthethweni anxulumene kunye nomthetho.

Uphawu Lwamatyala Asemthethweni Angenaxabiso

ISiphakamiso seNkcubeko esiKhulu neSicwangciso-nkqubo

Izigqibo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo . [FLT]MARD Macateshop, Ltd. v. Colorado Commora Commission yamaLungelo eThunga[FLT]] [2011] [2011] [2011] kunye [[FLT] [[FLT]][FLT]][303]] I-ENTRAP] Ezona zibalulekileyo zolobolo lwasemthethweni ezilwayo zabachasi bokulingana komtshato ukususela [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [5]] [303]] I-Macester [[FLT][FLT] [1211] [FLT]] [12] [25] [iK] [ikt: [20] [20], iKMvumenti encindibility iK] [i yeNtle Iiprojeko, elungeleyoku

[[Nkundla: 0] Ityala lokuphendula lo mbuzo . Noko ke, iNkundla yagqiba kwelokuba umenzi weweb angala ukwenza iiweb weweb kwizibini ezilinganayo zomtshato ngenxa yokuba ukwenziwa kwendlela yokusebenza "yokuthetha okunyanzelisayo. Uluvo lwamatyala luthi umthetho kawonke-wonke wendawo uColorado waphula umthetho Wokuqala ngokunyanzela umenzi ukuba abangele ukuba athethe ngendlela efanayo. Le mithetho imele ukuba i-me-meeb yenze umlinganiselo womtshato olinganayo ngokweemeko ezilinganayo. Ivumela umlinganiselo omkhulu wezazi zokwakha (ingcali, ii-fit, ababhaki, abatshayeli, abatshayeli bemi bomfola) ukuba basebenzise iinkonzo ezifanayo ezizizoburhulumenteni.[3]

UKim Davis Nemida Yokwaliwa Konqulo Ngoorhulumente

Imeko ye- u-Kim Davis, i-Rowanan County, umabhalane waseKentucky owala ukunikezela imvume yomtshato kwizibini ezifanayo ezingokwasemgangathweni ngo- 2015, ushiye imfazwe esemthethweni kulo mhlaba. Davis waphikisa ukuba iinkolelo zakhe zonqulo zalelwe ekugunyazeni imitshato efanayo. Umgaqo osemthethweni omiswe ngu[FLT][FLT]] [[FLT]]. [[FLT]] [[FLT]] umisela ukuba amagosa aseburhulumente asebenze kumandla awo asemthethweni angakwazi ukusebenzisa iinkolelo zobuqu njengomthetho wokulahla amalungelo awo omthetho. Ngexesha elifutshane, uDavis uthelela ityala elifutshane, umendumiso womthetho othe wanika imvume yokuphendula ityala, okanye ukuyelela amanye amatyala oogxakelelwa kwemithetho eegnezo.[Fogranti, imvume eev]

Izixakeko Zokumanyana Ngokusemthethweni, Iintsapho Nemfundo

Amalungelo Omzali Neengxwabangxwaba Zokubethana Kwamazwe

Enye yeempembelelo ezikhawulezileyo neziphazamisa kakhulu zezi ngxaki zisemthethweni kukurhoxa kwamalungelo abazali kwizibini ezifanayo. Nangona obergefell[, amanye amazwe abambelele ekutyeni asebenzise imithetho yonqulo efuna ukukhulula abantwana ngokusondeleyo ukuze enze ukukhuliselwa nokukhuthaza ukunyamekela abantwana. Ngokubhekele phandle, imithetho ekwakheni izibini ezitshatileyo ezingokwasezibondaweni ezisemthethweni. Umzekelo, imithetho yaseMichigan neTexas ivumele urhulumente owe-urhulumente wamaqela abantwana ukuba alahle ukubeka izivumelwano ezingquzulanisa iinkolelo zabo zonqulo. Oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla okukwazi ukutshata kunye nezibini ezitshatileyo-xwe-ex - zizenze iintsapho. Ngokubhekene nemvume yokufumana imvume esemthethweni, ukuvelisa iimfuno zonyango. [FLD.FLD, kunye nezomthetho wobugqirha wonyango olugunyazayo]

Indima Yemfundo Yasemthethweni Ekungaqiniseki

Ngoonjingalwazi bomthetho kunye nabafundisi-mthetho basezikolweni zamabanga aphakamileyo ngokufanayo, ukulingana okusemthethweni komtshato kunika ubomi, uhlolisiso oludityanisiweyo kumthetho wezomgaqo-siseko, urhulumente, kunye nokwahlula amagunya. Abafundi bangahlolisisa indlela ukuqanjwa kweNkundla ePhakamileyo okuluphembelela ngayo ukhuseleko lwamalungelo abantu nendlela izikhululo zikarhulumente ezinokuwusebenzisa ngayo umthetho osemthethweni ukulwa nomthetho wesizwe. Ukutshintsha [FLT: 0] kwabangela ukuba kuwe [[FLT:] uLofefel [ uninzi lwabasebenzi beNkunyenziswa kwemi benkundla yezo ndawo yokuhlala [FLT] kunye nendlela yokwenziwa komthetho obalulekileyo [[FLT]] 330] ukubonakalisa amandla okusebenza kwendlela yokuchaza umgaqo-mthetho. Ukuqonda iingcamango ezifana nenkqubo ye-Spediction, i-grativective, umsebenzi wendlela esetyenziswa ngumsebenzi kawonke wonke; abasebenzi abasebenzi abasebenzi abamele basemthethweni abaza kusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokucutyiselwayo, abameleyo bavu

Ikamva: Indlela Yokulingana Komtshato

Ukuhlonelwa Komtshato Njengesithintelo Sokuma

Ekuphenduleni kuMthetho woRhulumente . Isigqibo kunye neJaji kaThomas, iBhunga lidlulise i- Respect for Marriage Act [RFMA] [umthetho womthetho wolawulo] olawulayo u-Defense of Marriance Act (DOM) kwaye ufuna urhulumente wesizwe kunye nawo onke amazwe ukuqaphela imishado eyenzeka ngokusemthethweni kwamanye amazwe. RFMA ingumthetho obalulekileyo wokumisa umva, iqinisekisa ukuba naxa u-Opastenberge, izibini ezidityani ezitshatileyo, ezikwanjalo zinokusayinwa iinjongo zokubhaptino ezithiweyo.

Noko ke, i-RFMA inemida ebalulekileyo. Oku akuthethi ukuba izibini ezitshatileyo eziphila kwimeko apho umtshato owenziwe ukuba ungabikho zimele zihambe ngaphandle kwemo-mntwini zize zitshate. Xa umtshato wazo usaziwa ekhaya, oku kudala inkqubo eyahlukileyo nengalinganiyo, ukubuyiselwa kwemithetho [[FLT:] efanayo] ewehlayo. [[FLT:]

Ummandla oPhawukayo oPhawukayo

I-Glambvocacy imibutho esemthethweni enjenge-Lambda Esemthethweni, i-ACLU, ne GLBTQ Abaxhasi bomthetho & Abameli (GLAD) ithetha ngokutshayelela ngokuchasene nemithetho yomgangatho wezwe ekhetha ngokuchasene ne LGBTQ+ iintsapho. Ngoku ijongene nokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa okubanzi 303] Ukuyila ukulawula nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kobugxeba ukhululeko lonqulo ukukhaba ukhathazo olungundoqo olufana nokhuseleko nenkathazo. Iinkundla zihlala zisubalele ngokunzulu kule miba. Imjikelo yesihlanu neyeshumi elinesithandathu iye yaba ziimeko eziqhelekileyo ze-LBTT+ ukhuseleko, ngexa i-Sythreath ne- Treeverties kwilizwe lobuluhlaza ziqhubeka zisenza ukhuseleko.

Umzekelo osenokuba mde emva kwemini ngumthetho oqhubekekayo ongowombuso ongowombuso. Umlinganiselo wokulingana komtshato eUnited States ngeshumi leminyaka elizayo uza kuxhomekeka kakhulu ekubeni iNkundla ePhakamileyo inika isibeleko somtshato ityala elincinane kwimeko ecela ukuba ibhukuqe owehlayo kwaye nokuba ukulungelelanisa imithetho yesizwe efana ne-RFMA kumelana nokuchasa kwemeko yelizwe elinobundlobongela. Abafundi kunye nabafundi, bahlola ngokuthe ngqo iinkundla ezisezantsi zeNtlangatha yesinye yemimiselo yamalungelo abazali kunye neKhafuthe yeNdesi yeNyaka Elishumi elinesihlanu yempatho yokuphatha imithetho edlulisa i-endercesterxel-ne inika umfanekiso ocacileyo wemithetho ejongene nolungeleneyo kwikamva lomtshato.

Umzabalazo wokulingana komtshato uqalile kwisahluko esitsha. Awusayi kuphumelela kuphela uloyiso lweNkundla ePhakamileyo, kodwa ngokukhusela olo loyiso nxamnye nenkcaso engapheliyo, yokuyila, neyomthetho enconywayo. Isiphumo siza kuchaza imida yenkululeko, ukulingana, nenkululeko yonqulo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.