Ukuqonda Umgangatho Okhethekileyo Kumanyano LwamaIndiya

Ingcamango ye I-Special Digide Scess Status (SCS) kumazwe athile aseIndiya iye yaba luphawu oluchazayo lwemali yelizwe elinorhulumente wesizwe kunye nenkqubo yenkqubela-phambili yengingqi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Olu hlelo lumela indlela ejolisekileyo yokulungisa iingxaki ezijongene nazo ngoorhulumente abahlukeneyo, ukuba uqoqosho, okanye ukuba luncedo kwezoqoqosho. Ulwabiko lwe-SCS luphembelela indlela imali ephakathi esasazwa ngayo, iprojectsss projectss, nendlela urhulumente osembindini asebenzisana ngayo abaphathi belizwe. Kwiminyaka engaphaya, iSCS ishukushekile ekubeni ngumbangolungeleniso lobuchule bokufumana iziphumo ezikhethekileyo kunye nombutho lwezo zezopolitiki.

Imvelaphi ye-SCS ingalandelwa kwiKhomishini yeMali ye-FANT , eyaqonda ukuba amazwe athile afuna isabelo esiphezulu soncedo olusembindini ngenxa yokungalungi kwesakhiwo. IGadgil Formula, ebizwa ngegama lesazinzulu sezoqoqosho nesopolitiko uDhananjay Gadgil, icwangciselwe iinkqubo zokususa imali efuna iimali, kodwa yayiyiKhomishini yokuLinganisa eyathi yazisa i-SCS plane. Ukususela ngoko, isimo sinikwe ukuba sifikelele kwimigaqo ethile ethile, nangona inkqubo iye yaphenjelelwa zizinto zezobupolitika njengeenjongo ezininzi ze-metamstiki, njengoko ithetha i-SCS ithetha ngobuninzi obuninzi, ngemeko ephakathi, ngexesha eliphakathi lobugxandukusetyenziswa kwemithetho esetyenziswayo.

Isiseko esisemthethweni nemilinganiselo yomGaqo-siseko

Ngokwahlukileyo kuluvo oluqhelekileyo, i- Imo yecandelo ekhethekileyo ayifumaneki nakweyiphi na inguquko yomgaqo-siseko okanye inqaku. Endaweni yoko, isiseko sayo esisemthethweni sixhomekeke kwizigqibo zemigaqo yolawulo, imigaqo yeKhomishini yokucwangcisa, kunye nokuncomela kweeKhomishini zeMali. UMgaqo-siseko waseIndiya unika isiseko esibanzi soburhulumente ngokuphuma kumanqaku 268 ukuya ku 293, asebenza ngokunikezelwa kwengeniso phakathi komanyano kunye namazwe, kodwa i-SCS isebenza ngaphandle kolu hlobo lomgaqo-siseko.

Indima yeKhomishini yoQhinga

IKhomishini yokuCwangcisa, eyasebenza ukususela ngo-1950 de ibe ikhona indawo yayo ngu NITI Aayog ngo- 2015, yayingumsebenzi ophambili wokunika nokuphatha i-SCS. IKhomishini yasebenzisa ubume ukunikezela ngomntsebenzi-mntwini ngamnye uncedo olusembindini [[ ukuchaza ukuba neengxaki ezithile. Olu ncedo lwathatha uhlobo ipesenti enika kunye ne 10 ekhulwini lemali-mboleko exhasweyo, xa kuthelekiswa nama-30 ekhulwini anikezela ngemali kunye nama-70 ekhulwini afumaneka kumazwe angakhethwangazo zodidi. Olu lwabiwo olulungileyo lwalululona lunenzuzo lubalulekileyo lwe-SCS kwaye lwenziwe lukhuthazo ezomeleleyo ezifuna ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ulwanobumba.

IBhunga loPhuhliso lweSizwe loMbutho, elaliquka uMphathiswa Oyintloko, abaPhathiswa abaPhathiswa beSigqeba, kunye namagosa eSizwe esingundoqo, benza izigqibo zokugqibela ekunikezeni i-SCS. Noko ke, ezi zigqibo azizange zimiselwe kumthetho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba imeko inganikwa, ilungiswe, okanye ikhutshwe ngesenzo solawulo oluphezulu. Oku kucaciswe ngokusemthethweni kuye kwaba ngumthombo ozingisileyo wengxubevange yezobupolitika, njengoko amajelo okuphulukana okanye okukhanyelwa kwe-SCS aneminxeka esemthethweni.

IGadigil-Mukerjee Formula

UGadil-Mukerjee Formula, waziswa ngo1990 emva kohlaziyo kwi Gadgil Forula yokuqala, waqhubekeka noqheliselo lokubeka ipesenti emiselweyo yoncedo olusembindini kumacandelo athile. Phantsi kolu hlobo, amaqumrhu afumana isabelo esikhethekileyo socwangciso olusekelwe kwimiqathango esekelwe kwimiba enje, ingeniso ye-R3, kunye neengxaki ezithile. Uphando-lwazi luqinisekisa ukuba la mazwe afumana isahlulo esikhulu semali ephakathi esinxulumene nobungakanani bawo, eziwavumela ukuba afumane kwizithuba zokuphuhlisa ibhulobhulo. Uhlalutyo olugunyazweyo lungakhangelwa kwiingxelo ezisuka ku- [FFOLD:2]

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo yeNkcubeko neMidlalo

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweKhomishini yokuLinganisa ngo-2015 kwaphawula utshintsho lwendawo yeSCS. NITI Aayog, isicwangciso esilandela ilandela, asiqhubekanga sisekwe i-SCS sisemoweni yayo yasekuqaleni. Endaweni yoko, iye yakhuthaza ukuba kunyuswe isabelo esingaphezulu [ serhafu ephakathi ukusuka kuma-32 ekhulwini ukuya ku 42 ekhulwini, ngexa kucuthwa ubunzima obunikwa i-SCS kwintrawraw. I-'unikom' yemali ephezulu ekhutshwayo ukunyusa i-mali ([FLD [12:3]]]]] i-oklosekunyuse ukunyuswa kwentlawulo eziphakathi ukusuka kuma-4 ekhulwini ukuya ku-4 ekhulwini, ngexesha elinye, ukusetyenziswa kwemali eninzi ye-SCS, kunokuba kuqhubeke nokusetyenziswa kwemali eninzi.

Indlela yokukhetha yokwabela udidi olukhethekileyo

IBhunga loPhuhliso leSizwe lamisela imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yokunika iSCS, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwezi nkcukacha bekungasoloko kusoloko kungqinelana. Ii-SCS ezifuna i-SCS kufuneka zibonise ubukho beempawu eziliqela ezizichaphazelekayo ezahlulayo kwamanye amazwe kwaye zithethelela ukuphathwa ngendlela entle.

  • Ukwahlulwa kobomi : Amazwana akwimimandla ekude enzima, enendawo elinganiselweyo, kunye neengingqi ezithe gqaba-gqaba zifanele ukusetyenziswa kwi-SCS. Olu ludwe lusebenza kakhulu kumaphondo asemntla-mpuma-mpuma kunye nemimandla yaseHimalaya apho ijoni ingenisa intengo ezithe mbeko kwimisebenzi yenkqubela-phambili.
  • [[NTLA:0] Umva wezoqoqosho : Amazwe anengeniso emntwini ngamnye ngokuphawulekayo ngaphantsi komlinganiselo wesizwe, iqondo lobuhlwempu eliphezulu, uphuhliso loshishino olusikelwe umda, kunye nezibonelelo ezibuthathaka zezoqoqosho zithathwa ngemiqondiso efana nomlinganiselo wobuhlwempu, umyinge wokungaqeshwa, nokwanda kwe-GDP.
  • Ukubaluleka kokhuseleko : Amazwe abekwe kufutshane nemida yezizwe ngezizwe, ingakumbi lawo abelanayo imida neTshayina, Pakistan, Bangladesh, kunye neMyanmar, angafumana i-SCS ngenxa yokucingela ukhuseleko nokhuseleko. Ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kuphawula ukuba umda ujongene neengxaki ezikhethekileyo ezinxulumene nemiqathango yokhuseleko, utyalo lwabucala olulinganiselweyo, kunye nobukho bomkhosi.
  • Izibonelelo ezidityanisiweyo: Amazwe anezixhobo ezingeneleyo zohambo, umbane ongephi, izibonelelo zemfundo ezisikelwe umda, kunye neenkqubo zonyango olubuthathaka zifanelekela i-SCS. Imigaqo yesiseko ibhekisa ekuqiniseni umsantsa phakathi kwemimandla ephuhlisiweyo nengaphucukanga kakhulu kushishino lwezoshishino olusembindini.
  • Ixabiso eliphezulu lophuhliso : Amazwe apho ixabiso lokuhambisa iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke kunye neeprojekthi zezibonelelo liphezulu kakhulu kune-avareji yesizwe ngenxa yendawo, yemozulu, okanye yexesha ekude amkela i-SCS. Ixabiso eliphezulu lenkqubela liqonda ukuba ukufuduswa kwemiqathango okulinganayo kuvelisa iziphumo ezingalinganiyo xa iindleko zokwahluka ngokuphawulekayo kumazwe.
  • Isiseko sovimba esisezantsi: Amazwe anezinto zendalo ezisikelwe umda, umthamo wengeniso obuthathaka, kunye neziseko ezincinane zerhafu zimiselwe i-SCS. La mazwana axhomekeke kakhulu ekuthunyelweni kwembindi ukugcina iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke ezisisiseko kwaye akanakuvelisa ubuncwane bangaphakathi obaneleyo bokuphuhlisa.

Ezi zicwangciso zenzelwe ukuchaza ukuba ukungalungi kokwakha okukhoyo ngokubhekiselele ekuzifumaneni kwazo. Ulwahlulo lwalujolise ekubeni lolwexeshana, ngokulindele ukuba iimeko ezikhethekileyo zizakufumana umlinganiselo kunye namanye amazwe kwaye zingasafuni unyango olukhethekileyo. Noko ke, ekuqhubekeni, i-SCS ivunywe ukuba ifumaneke inzima ukukhulula, kwaye amazwe amaninzi ayaqhubeka efumana iingenelo emva kokuba iingxaki zawo zokuqala zinciphile. Ukuhla kwendlela ezi migaqo ezisetyenziswa ngayo, i-ITSIAyog yewebsite [[[FLT: 0]]

Amazwe Afumene Udidi Olukhethekileyo

Kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye, amazwana anikwe iSCS kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Abamkeli bokuqala babesuka kummandla womntla- mpuma, bebonisa iingxaki zophuhliso ezingaqhelekanga kuloo ndawo. Amazwe afumene i-SCS aquka Assam, Nagaland, Hikal Pradesh, Manipur, Mekhaya, Skikkim, Tritura, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir, ne Utarhank. Ngamnye kula manqaku adibana nemigangatho esele imisiwe ngexesha lokunika, nangona iimeko zawo zitshintshile ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ngoko.

Imeko ye [[FLT: 0] Jammu & Kashmir[FLT: 1] iyafundisa ngokukhethekileyo. Umbuso wamkela iSCS ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala yesakhelo, kodwa isimo sayo sabo asibotshelelwanga kwimilinganiselo yezoqoqosho kuphela kodwa kwakhona kwimimiselo ekhethekileyo phantsi kwenqaku lephepha 370, eyanika umbuso indawo ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwe- Indian Union. Emva kokubekwa kwenqaku lenqaku 370 ku 2019 nakuphinda kuphinda kuphinde kuqikelelwa kwezwe kwimimandla emibini, umbuzo we SCS waba yimoot, njengoko amacandelo angafanelaniyo, njengokuba amacandelo enzelwe ukuhlelwa kweqela. Ngokunjalo, [FLT:] [FLT] [F:3] kunye nokwakhiwa kwelizwe lawo athelekelelwayo, ngoko kuthe phindwane.[FT]

Iimfuno Zezobupolitika Nendlela Efanelekileyo Yokusetyenziswa Kwazo

Ukunika nokungasifaki nxaxheba kwicandelo elikhethekileyo kuye kwaba sisixhobo esinamandla sezobupolitika kwezobupolitika zamaIndiya. Amaqela ezobupolitika kumgangatho wobuzwe norhulumente asebenzisa imfuno ye-SCS njengesixhobo sokulungiselela, ingakumbi kwimimandla evakalelwa kukuba icekecelwe okanye ityeshelwe yimigaqo-siseko ephakathi. Indawo ithathe ukubaluleka okungoko okungaphezulu kwentsingiselo yayo yokwenene.

Izinto ezitshintshayo ze-Electoral

Imfuno ze-SCS ezisoloko zibonakala kunyulo, ingakumbi kumazwe anjenge Andhhh Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, kunye noRajasthan. Amaqela ezobupolitika athembisa ukukhusela iSCS kumazwe awo njengophawu lwamandla awo okuxhasa ngokunempumelelo izilangazelelo zengingqi. Isicelo sabavoti abaqonda i-SCS njengendlela yokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza nokuphucula iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuzimisela okanye ukuvuma kukarhulumente omkhulu ukunika i-SCS kugqibelele iziphumo zawo, ngokuvota okanye ngokubohlwaya ngokunelisa okanye ngokuphumelela kwabo okucacileyo ekugcineni imeko-bume.

Imeko ye- i-AndhraPradesh ibonakalisa ubundlobongela bezobupolitika kwi-SCS. Emva kokusetyenziswa kwesizwe ngo-2014, imo yeAndhraPradesh yafuna i-SCS njengembuyekezo yokulahleka kweHybrabad, ikomkhulu layo lezoqoqosho neleenkqubo. Amaqela amakhulu ezobupolitika kwiphondo, kuquka i-[[FLTP:2] i-Tem Desam Parti (TDP) [[FLTP] [[FLT3]] kunye [FLT] neCandelo [[FLT] [FFF:] [RS] ithenjiswe ngexesha lobupolitiki elikhoyo.[FLT]

Umanyano lweeNkcukacha kunye neMicimbi

I-SCS isebenza njenge- i-chip efumana intsebenziswano yomphakathi-phakathi wentlalo . Amazwe abalulekileyo kulawulo lwentsebenziswano kwisazulu angasebenzisa indawo yawo ukucela i-SCS njengemeko yokuqhubeka kwenkxaso yezobupolitika. Ngokuchaseneyo, amatheko angqinelana nenkcaso angafumana iimfuno zawo ze-SCS zinganakwa okanye zibaliseke. Oku kubekwa kwento ebiqwalaselwe kuqala njengoluhlu lobugcisa kuthotho lomgangatho we-SCSCS kwaye kukhokelela ekumangalelweni ikhethelo kunye nokukhetha.

Imfuneko ye-SCS i-Bihar ingumzekelo okhoyo. Nangona ingenye yamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo eIndiya anengeniso ephantsi, izibonelelo ezisikelweyo, nobunzima obuphezulu babemi, u-Bihar akayifumananga i-SCS. Ulawulo lwezopolitiko luphikisa ukuba uBahar udibana nayo yonke imigaqo emiselweyo kwaye ukususwa kwakhe kwi-SCS kubonisa ukuthamba kwezobupolitika. Ngokufanayo, u-Odsha uxanduva i-S kumacandelo oluntu lwawo, isoloko isenzekatha, kwaye inkcaza. Ukungakhathalelwa kwayo kufunwa kwezentengo yendalo, kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho.

Uphuhliso loMmandla nolwahlulo

Intsingiselo yezobupolitika ye-SCS idlulela ngaphaya kobalo lwezicwangciso zonyuselo kwimiba ebanzi ye- elinganayo kunye nophuhliso. Amazwe ane-SCS angenelwe ngokunempumelelo kunyuselo lwezibonelelo, kunye nezibonisi ezingcono zentlalo zasekuhlaleni ezithelekiswa nezingezo-SCS kunye neemeko ezifanayo ezikhoyo. Noko ke, abagxeki baphikisa ukuba olu nyango lukhetheke lwadala izigulo ezithenjiweyo [ kumadinga okwamkela, apho oorhulumente basekuhlaleni baxhomekeke kakhulu ekudluliseni ezimbini kunokuba baphuhlise imithombo yabo yengeniso nesiseko sezoqoqosho.

Amatyala [[NTL:0] asuka empuma-mpuma anika umfanekiso odityanisiweyo. Ngelixesha i-SCS incedile la mazwana ukuphucula izibonelelo zawo ezisisiseko kunye nezibonisi zentlalo, isantya sokuphucula siye sacotha kuneso silindelweyo ngenxa yolawulo oluneengxaki, ulwenzeko, kunye nokungalawuleki kolawulo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela kwingxoxo yokuba i-SCS iyodwa yanele kuphuhliso okanye ukuba ngaba iinguqu ezisebenzayo ekulawuleni, ulawulo lweziko lweziko, kunye nokuphendula kolawulo lwasekuhlaleni kuyafuneka.

Iindawo Zobuhlwempu Neengxaki Ezingqonge ISCS

Ukungalingani Nokuxhomekeka

Impikiswano engundoqo engqonge i-SCS kukuba ikhuthaza umlinganiselo onyanisekileyo [[FLT:] okanye yenza uxhomekeko olunamandla. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba imeko inika inkxaso efunekayo yokuba ithethe ukuba ayinakukhuphisana nemimandla ephucukileyo. Bakhomba kwimpumelelo yembali yeSCS ekuphuculeni imfundo, impilo, kunye nesiseko kumadinga. Abachasi baphikisa into yokuba icandelo lenze udidi olunenkxaso efunekayo kumazwe axhomekeke kuwo. [[FLT]:5] ukuthi akukho zikhuthazo zoqeqesho, ulungiso zoqoqosho, ulungiso lwemali, kunye noncedo.

IKhomishini yezemali ye14th Commission yathetha ngale ngxaki ngokuncomela ukukhutshwa kotshintsho okuphezulu kuwo onke amazwe ngeli xesha icutha iinzuzo ezithile ze-SCS. IKhomishini yaphikisa ukuba ugxininiso kufuneka lususwe kulwahlulo lwamazwe akhethekileyo okanye angeyonto ikhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaphondo anezinto ezaneleyo zokuhlangabezana nemfuno-nkqubela phambili. Le ndlela ixhaswe ngurhulumente osembindini kodwa igxekwa lukuba uloyiko lokuphulukana neenzuzo ezithile ze-SCS ngaphandle kokufumana inzuzo enika intlukwano.

Ukufaneleka komGaqo-siseko nocelomngeni olungokwasemthethweni

Ukungabikho kwesiseko somgaqo-siseko se-SCS kukhokelele kwimingeni ephantsi kwemithetho kunye nemfuno yokwamkelwa ngokwemithetho . Iimeko ezininzi ziye zaya kwiinkundla ziphikisa ukuba ukukhanyelwa kwe-SCS kuchasene nomgaqo wonyango olulinganayo phantsi kweGatya 14 loMgaqo-siseko. Noko ke, iinkundla ziye zala ukuphazamisana nengqiqo yesigqeba ekunikeni i-SCS, zibambe ukuba ulwahlulo lubandakanya imiqathango enzima eshiyelwe kurhulumente.

Iingcali zomthetho zicebise ukuba [[NTLT:0] i-SCS ecacisa umthetho izakunikezela ngokucace ngakumbi kwaye inciphise ububanzi bemiqathango yezigqibo ezizizo. Isethi yemithetho iya kumisela iingqikelelo ezicace gca, iinkqubo zohlolo lwenjongo, kunye nemigca ecacileyo yokunika nokuhlola i-SCS. Ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esinjalo, isimo sihlala sisesona sichanabekekile kwigunyazelo lezobupolitika kunye nesicelo esiguquguqukayo. I-webhthi ye-India ye-India ye-ICP inika unikezelo kumaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunye neengxelo zekomiti ezinxulumene ne-ficscalism.

Imfuno yoBume obutsha bodidi olukhethekileyo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uninzi lwamatyala athetha ukuba ekuqaleni abangengomamkeli beSCS luye lwaqinisa imfuneko yokubekwa komsebenzi.

  • Andhh Pradesh: Iimfuno zeSCS njengembuyekezo yokulahleka kweHyrábad kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezoqoqosho okubangelwa kukubhaduliswa. Urhulumente uphikisa ngelithi isithembiso seSCS senziwe ngexesha lengxoxo yepalamente kwi-Andradesh Reorganization Act, 2014.
  • [[NTLA:0]: Ifuna iSCS ngokusekelwe kwingeniso ephantsi kumntu ngamnye, iqondo lobuhlwempu eliphezulu, kunye nezibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo. Ulawulo lwezopolitiko lwelizwe luphikisa ukuba i-Bhar ityeshelwe ngokwendlela ecwangcisiweyo kwizabelo ezisembindini.
  • Odisha: Imfuno ze-SCS ezicaphula inani labemi bazo besizwe, ukuchanabeka kwinkanyamba nezikhukula, kunye nophuhliso olusikelwe umda. Imo ikhomba kwinkqubela-phambili esezantsi yoluntu njengezikhombisi zobulungisa.
  • Rajastan.
  • I-Goa: Ifuna i-SCS kwixesha elidlulileyo, ikhankanya ubungakanani obuncinci kunye nendawo yomhlaba elinganiselweyo, nangona imfuno ithe yancipha njengoko uqoqosho lwemeko yemali luphucukile.

Ubuninzi bemfuno buye badala i- yezasekwezobupolitika ye-board hack, njengoko inika i-SCS kumazwe awongezelelekileyo iyakunwebela ubuncwane obusembindini kwaye inciphise iinzuzo zomndilili ngamnye okhoyo kubamkeli abakhoyo. Urhulumente osembindini uphendule ngokunika ezinye iindlela zoncedo, ezifana [ iimpahla ezikhethekileyo kunye nemali epheleleyo ye-[FLT], ngaphandle kokunika i-SCS imost. Noko ke, ezi zinto zigxekwe njengezingaqinisekiyo nezinga zifanelekileyo ze-SCCC.

Utshintsho lophuhliso nomgaqo-nkqubo okhoyo

Isiphelo seKhomishini yokuCwangcisa

Ukubuyiselwa kweKhomishini yokuCwangcisa nge NITI Ayagog ngo-2015 kwaphawulwa ukutshintsha okungundoqo kwindlela ye-Indiya yokufumana ulawulo lwe-fiscal umbindi. IKhomishini yokuPhiconga yayiyi-ankile elungiselelwe i-SCS, kwaye ukudaleka kwayo kwadala ikhaza kwinkqubo yokuhlela. I-NITI AYYUG yamkela imodeli yomanyano lwesizwe [[ egxininisa ukhuphiswano, ukhuphiswano, kunye neziphumo ezisekelwe kulawulo lwe-hier Aquagements.

Phantsi kwe NITI Ayagog, urhulumente osembindini ushenxise ukusuka kulwakhiwo lwe-SCS ukuya kwiinkqubo zesithili ze- ezixhobisayo. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukujolisa ezona mimandla isweleyo kumazwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba icandelo lombuso lilonke linjani. Le ndlela iyaqonda ukuba ubuhlwempu kunye nokukhuliswa ngaphantsi kwemeko aziphelelanga kumazwe aphela kodwa zidibene kwimimandla ethile.

Isalathisi somsebenzi weSebe

IKhomishini yezemali (14th IKhomishini yezemali ([FLT:]][FLT]1]] kunye 15 iKhomishini yezemali (] zombini zinikele kwi [ ukudityaniswa kwesiseko seSCS []]. Ngokunyusa isabelo samazwe serhafu ephakathi kunye nokucacisa indlela yokucacisa imilinganiselo efana nokugquma ihlathi, iinguqukozo zobuni, kunye nomgama wengeniso, iiKhomishini zicuthe i-amcithi ye-SCS. IKhomishini yemali ye15 yemali iphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo kwemiqathango ezisekelwe kwimiqathango yentengo ezisekelwe kwi-ograficity endaweni ehambayo kunokulungisa i-ograding.

Ezi nguqulelo ziye zaba nentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kumazwana okwamkela. Ngelixesha ujijeko oluphezulu lubuyekeze amanye amazwe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa zingenelo ezicacileyo ze-SCS, amanye aye afumana unciphiso lomnatha kuncedo oluphakathi. Amazwe anabemi abaninzi kunye nengeniso ephantsi kwi-octal, njengo-Utar Pradesh kunye ne-Bihar, aye angenelwa kuhlobo olutsha, ngelixesha amazwana ancinane anabemi abambalwa abonile ukuhla kolwabo. Inkcazelo yesiphumo semipu ephakathi yezi nguqulelo ingakhange ihlolwe ngeKhomishini yewebhusayithi yaseIndiya [[FLT:]]

Iimpendulo Zezobupolitika Neemfuno Ezingapheliyo

Ngaphandle komjelo osusiweyo kwi-SCS, imfuno yezobupolitika iyaqhubeka ingathinteleki. Unyulo lwezwe lwangoku lwe-SCS lubonise imbambano ephambili kwi-AndroPradesh, Bihar, ne-Odisha. Amaqela ezobupolitika ayaqhubeka ethembisa i-SCS ukuvota, njengokuba iziko liqinisekisa ukuba ulwahlulo alusasebenzi phantsi kwesakhiwo esitsha semithetho yecawa.

[[NTLT:0] Ityala lika-Andhra Pradesh lihlala lingoyena umangalelwayo ngokwezobupolitika. Ukuqhambuka kukarhulumente ngo-2014 kwakhatshwa zizithembiso ezicacileyo ze-SCS ezivela kwinkokeli ezisembindini, kuquka uMphathiswa weNkulumbuso kunye nomPhathiswa weKhaya. Ukungavumi ngokulandelayo ukunikezela imeko kuphawulwe njengokwaphula isithembiso kwaye kubangele ingqumbo yengi. Urhulumente ucel'imbambano yenginya kusigxilo kwinkundla kwaye uye wafuna ukuyenza ityala le nkonzo emhlabeni wonke ngokuyiphakamisa kwimicimbi yezomthetho.

Indawo karhulumente osembindini kukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-SCS luphelelwe lixesha kwaye ezinye iindlela zokuxhasa amazwe atsalayo ziyasebenza kakhulu. Urhulumente unikele i-AndhraPradesh ipakethi yoncedo ekhethekileyo equka ukuxhasa iprojekthi yokunyibilikisa nge-Pilam, izihlomelo zoshishino, kunye nentengiso yerhafu. Noko ke, iinkokeli zelizwe ziye zazichasa ezi ndlela zonyango njengezinto ezingeneleyo kwaye ziyaqhubeka zifuna ubuchule obuqhelekileyo be-SCS.

Izicelo ezibanzi zomanyano lwamaIndiya

Ingxoxo ye-SCS ichaphazela imibuzo engundoqo ye-Indiya ye-contistism: indlela yokulungelelanisa imfuneko yomanyano lwesizwe nokwaziwa kwemimandla eyahlukeneyo, indlela yokwahlula ubuncwane obunqabileyo phakathi kwamazwe akhuphisanayo, nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abemi bafumana iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke wonke kungakhathaliseki ukuba bahlala phi. Indaleko ye-SCS ibonisa ukuguquka kolu tshintsho lwale mibuzo.

Ukutshintsha isisakhelo esipheleleyo

Ulwakhiwo lokuqala lwe-SCS lwalusekelwe kuqikelelo lokuba iimeko ezithile zifuna uncedo olukhethekileyo lokwexeshana ukuphelisa ukungalungelelani kwesakhiwo. Uqikelelo lwalukukuba la mazwe ayeza kufumana umlinganiso namanye amazwe aze ayeke ukusetyenziswa. Noko ke, ukuqhubekeka komahluko wengingqi kucebisa ukuba uxilongo lokuqala lwalungaphelelanga. Iingxaki zokoqobo azikoyiswa lula ngothutho lomthwalo kuphela, kwaye amanye amazwe asenokufuna inkxaso eqinileyo kwizizukulwana.

Indlela yokwahlula-hlula [ kunokuthi kuboniswe kuncomelo lweKhomishini yemali ye 14 neye15, ijolise kwi ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindawo kunokubekwa ngokuthe nkqo kweendawo ezimbalwa. Le ndlela iqonda ukuba ubuhlwempu, iintsilelo zesiseko, kunye nenkqubela-phambili zikhona kuwo onke amazwe kwaye ulwabeko lwemali kufuneka lusekelwe kwizalathiso zenjongo kunokuba zifakwe kwimibathathi. Kodwa, abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi oku kunciphisa ukujolisa kwimimandla efuna uncedo kwaye kungashiya amazwana angakhuselekanga.

Ikamva Lohlelo lwe-SCS

Ikamva leSCS aliqinisekanga. Urhulumente osembindini ukwenze kwacaca ukuba ayizimisele ukunikezela i-SCS entsha, kwaye abamkeli abakhoyo balunyulwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngenzuzo entsha yokususa utshintsho. Noko ke, imfuneko ye-SCS yezopolitiko ayibonisi zimpawu zokuqhatha, kwaye oorhulumente bexesha elizayo bangakhetha ukuvuselela isakhiwo ukuba sisebenza kwimfuno yabo yezobupolitika.

Omnye umhlaba ophakathi onokwenzeka yindalo ye etshintshayo yesiseko soncedo olukhethekileyo edibanisa imigaqo yenkqubo yeSCS ngexa iyenza icace kwaye ibeke ityala. Le siseko singamisela imilinganiselo ecacileyo yokuchaza amazwe angenamsebenzi, icwangcise ixesha lokuhlola ulwahlulo, kwaye inikezele ngenkqubo yokufumana uncedo njengoko iimeko ziphumeza inkqubela phambili. Le ndlela idibanisa ujoliseko lwe-SCS kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili nokulunga kwesakhiwo somthetho.

Izifundo Kubenzi Benkqubo

Amava e-SCS anika izifundo ezininzi kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Okokuqala, ulwahlulo lwe-hocs ngaphandle kwenkxaso esemthethweni luchanabeke ekusebenziseni imigaqo yezobupolitika kunye nenkqubo etshintshanayo. Okwesibini, iimeko zexeshana zithambe ukuba zibe zezisisigxina[[, kunye nobuchule bokukhupha uncedo buyimfuneko ukukhusela ukukhusela ukuxhomekeka. [[FLTLT:], ukufudusa okuzenzileyo kokwayo kobucala akwanelanga [ ukukhuliswa kophuhliso, ulawulo, ubuchule bokwakha, kunye nokuphendula. [FLT] izithembiso ze-SPTPT] ezikhoyo, zinokwenziwa ngobuchule obuhlala bungekayo, njengoko kunokwenziwa, ukungazithembana nokuzinziswa.

Njengoko iIndiya iqhubeka iguqula imodeli yayo ye-fiscal universtial, izifundo ezisuka kumava e-SCS ziya kuba luncedo ekuyileni iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthetha neendawo ezingafaniyo. Injongo kufuneka ibe yinkqubo eqinisekisa ukuba onke amazwe anezinto ezifunekayo ukuze anike iinkonzo ezisisiseko nezibonelelo, ngoxa isenza nezikhuthazo zokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, kunye nolawulo olulungileyo.

Isiphelo

Iinkalo ezingokwasemthethweni nezezopolitiko ze- Imo yecandelo elikhethekileyo kwamanye amazwe ase-Indiya anika iwindow kwingxaki ezibanzi ze ezikhoyo kunye nemithetho-siseko e-Indiya. Ngelixesha i-SCS inikezele ngokwembali inkxaso enika ukumelana nokungafezeki kwesakhiwo, imo ye-hoc, ukusetyenziswa kwezobupolitika, nokunqongophala komthetho kunciphisa ukuphumelela kwayo nokuthembeka kwayo. Ukutshintshela kuphuhliso olufanayo, okuqukiwe kwimimiselo yakutshanje yeeBhunga zemali kunye nemigaqo ye-NTIT, kumele utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwindlela ezidityaniweyo ze-Indiya.

Noko ke, ukufunwa kwe-SCS kuhlala kunamandla ngokwezobupolitika, kwaye amandla karhulumente ombini okuxhathisa ezi mfuneko axhomekeke kusini na ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango zingazisa iinzuzo eziphathekayo kumazwe asweleyo nakwimimandla. Indaleko ye-SCS ukusuka kulwahlulo lobuchule loqingqo-mali oluya kujongwa ngokwezobupolitika ibonisa ukudityaniswa okuntsonkothileyo komthetho, kwezobupolitika, kunye nezoqoqosho kwi-opolitika yase-Indiya. Njengoko iIndiya iqhubela phambili, ucelomngeni luzakuba kukuyila imigaqo ekhuthaza ukukhula ngokusuka kuwo onke amazwe ngexa uthelekelelo lwenkxa efuna iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zeyona mimandla ihlwempungephi.