Indima Ebalulekileyo Yamalungiselelo Oluntu Ekomelezeni Iintsapho

Iinkqubo zoluntu zisebenza njengesiseko sozinzo lwexesha elide, zinika inkxaso eluncedo kwiintsapho ezihamba ngeengxaki zemali, iingingqi zemfundo, iingxaki zempilo, kunye nokwahlukana nabantu. Ezi zenzo zenzayo `ukusuka kumagumbi okutya ukuya kumgangatho wokufundisa wesikolo-mfundo, asikokuyeka nje ukuqhuba; zinegalelo ekuzinziseni imimandla ezinzileyo, kwaye zinyuke. Xa iintsapho zifumana ubuncwane obuthembekileyo kunye neengingqi zoxhaso, abantwana benza kakuhle esikolweni, abazali bafumana umsebenzi ozinzileyo, kwaye bonke abantu bafumana amava amaqondo olwaphulo-mthetho asezantsi kunye nokuzibophakamisa kwezelelwa kwezelo. Namhlanje, amaMelika amalunga nezigidi ezingama-40 axhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile loncedo olusekelwe kuluntu unyaka ngamnye, ngokweenkcazelo evela kulwazi [[FLct:0] uphando lwezentengiselwano lwezemali [FLD].[FLD]

Ukubaluleka Kwamalungiselelo Oluntu

Iinkqubo zoluntu zifuna intetho ephuma kwimiqheba yenkqubo esesikweni. Umama ongenaqabane osebenzayo usebenza imisebenzi emibini usenokungabi naxesha lophando emva kweseli-yokunyamekela isikolo; ummi okhulileyo okwingeniso emiselweyo angayeka ukutya ukuze afumane amayeza. Iinkqubo zoluntu zigcwalisa ezi zikhewu ngokunikezela iinkonzo ezifikelelekayo, ezifanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Ngaphezu koko, zikhuthaza ikomfamente yoluntu ukuba iququzelela i-injini yokutya okanye ukuba kwimpilo entle yoluntu, bakha ithemba kunye nokuphendulana ngetyala kunye nenani elipheleleyo lemibutho yabantu, "intloko-mntlukwano" elithi iziphumo ezinokufumaneka: uphando olusuka kuluntu [[FLT:] [FLT] 2030 inyathelo loluntu ibonisa ukuba uluntu oluphezulu olulungele ukuhla kwentliziyo, kunye nokufa kwangethuba.

Ukongeza, ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngendleko. Ierandi nganye echithwa kumgangatho ophezulu wemfundo yabantwana baselula ifumana uqikelelo lwe-$7-10 kwimali egcinwe ixesha elide ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho oluncitshisiweyo, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zemfundo, kunye nokuxhomekeka kwintlalo-ntle. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo zoncedo lokuzondla njenge-SNAP (Inkqubo yeNqaliselwano yeNguquko) inciphisa iindleko zonyango ngokuthintela izifo ezinxulumene nokutya. Iinkqubo zoluntu azikho ukunikela ngesisa; ziyinkqubo yezoqoqosho echuliweyo.

Iintlobo zeenkqubo zoLuntu ezixhasa iintsapho zasekuhlaleni

Iinkqubo zoluntu zithatha iindlela ezininzi, zibonisa iingxaki ezahlukahlukeneyo iintsapho ezijongene nazo. Ngeli ngezantsi zezona ntlobo ziqhelekileyo, nganye inemizekelo neziphumo ezikhethekileyo.

Iinkqubo zoncedo lokutya

Izigidi zeentsapho zitsala nzima ngenxa yokungakhuseleki kokutya, ngenxa yoko azikwazi ukufumana ukutya okwaneleyo okuza kubangela ubomi obuphilileyo nobusempilweni. Iinkqubo zokutya zithetha ngoku:

Ngaphandle kokunciphisa indlala, ezi nkqubo ziphucula ukunikela ingqalelo kwabantwana esikolweni zize zinciphise uxinezeleko kubazali, zikhulula ingqondo ukuze zifune umsebenzi okanye zifumane imfundo engakumbi.

Iinkqubo zenkxaso yemfundo

Imfundo yeyona nto inamandla ekupheliseni imijikelo yobuhlwempu. Iinkqubo zoluntu zongeza imfundo kunye:

Iinkonzo zempilo neenkqubo zokuhlala

Ukukwazi ukufikelela kumaziko onyango anokufikeleleka kuselucelomngeni kwiintsapho ezininzi ezisebenzayo. Iinkqubo zoluntu zonyango

  • Amaziko ezempilo azimeleyo: Iziko lempilo elifanelekileyo (FQHCs) linikezela ngeqondo elityibilikayo lokunyamekela amazinyo, neenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kungakhathaliseki ukuba zikhona kusini na i-inshorensi. Izigulana ezingaphezulu kwama-30 ezigidi zixhomekeke kwezi ndawo kumazwe lizwe lonke.
  • [[NTL:0] Inkxaso yempilo yengqondo: amaqela axhasayo, iintambo ezishushu, kunye namacebiso ancinane anceda iintsapho ukuba zihambe ngexhala, udandatheko, intlungu, kunye nonxunguphalo. Iinkqubo ezifana neNAMI (I-National Alliance on Mental Disease) zinika iiklasi ezikhululekileyo ezihamba noontanga.
  • [[NTLA:0] Amanyathelo ezempilo anika uvuselelo: iidrayivi zokuhlalisa, iinkqubo zokunyamekela umntwana ngaphambi kokubeleka, kunye nokucebisa ngokunesondlo kunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide zezonyango kwaye kuphucula iziphumo zempilo kamama neyomntwana.

ISebe leMicimbi yeNkcubeko

Isiseko sozinzo lwentsapho. Iinkqubo zokuphuhlisa umsebenzi ezisekelwe kuluntu zinika

  • Uqeqesho lobuchule bomsebenzi: lubandakanya ukuphinda ubhale, ukufunda ngekhompyutha, ubuchule bolwimi, kunye nesiqinisekiso sorhwebo (umz., ukunika intengiso, ezonyango) ukulungiselela abathathi-nxaxheba kwiindima eziqinisiweyo.
  • Ukubekwa komsebenzi kunye nokuyalela: Iinkqubo ezininzi ezisebenzisana nabaqeshi basekuhlaleni ukwenza umbhobho wombhobho olungiselelwe abaphumeleleyo. Izinga lokubuya liba bhetele xa iintsapho zifumana inkxaso eqhubekayo, enjengenkxaso yezithuthi okanye inkxaso-mali yezothutho okanye ii-arhente zabantwana.
  • Inkxaso ye- ye-Entrepreneurship: imicro-metal, ishishini, kunye noncedo loncedo lwezizalwane ziqalisa amashishini amancinci, zivelisa ingeniso kunye nonyuko lwezoqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni.

Amaqela Alulekayo Nentsapho

Impilo-ntle ngokweemvakalelo ibalulekile kodwa idla ngokutyeshelwa. Iinkqubo zoluntu ziyanikezela:

  • Iiklasi zoParents: Izifundo ezisekelwe kubungqina ezifana ne Triple P (Inkqubo Yomzali Othe Tsima) inciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana kwaye iphucula ulwalamano lobuzali nomntwana.
  • Unyango losapho oluxhaphakileyo olunceda iintsapho zikwazi ukumelana neengxabano, intlungu, okanye uxinezeleko lweenguqu ezinkulu ezifana noqhawulo-mtshato okanye ukungaqeshwa.
  • [[UMTL:0]] Amaqela axhasayo: Amaqela abazali abangenamaqabane, abakhathaleli babantwana abaneziphene, okanye iintsapho ezichacha kwimveliso esetyenziswayo zinika isithuba esikhuselekileyo sokwabelana ngenkqubo nokhuthazo.

Iingenelo Zokwenene: Indlela Iinkqubo Zoluntu Eziguqula Ngayo Ubomi

Iingenelo zeenkqubo zoluntu zidlulela ngaphaya kokusinda ngokukhawuleza.

Ukufumaneka okuphuculiweyo kwimithombo ebalulekileyo

Iinkqubo zisebenza njengesixhobo sokumisa enye indlela. Intsapho etyelela i-panshi yokutya ingafunda ngoncedo lwezibonelelo, ukuvavanywa kwempilo, okanye ukulungiselelwa kwerhafu yamahhala. Oku “kujikelezisa” imodeli inciphisa ukwahlukana okudla ngokudimaza iintsapho ekufuneni uncedo. Ngokwe Urban Institute, ukunikezelwa kwenkonzo okudityanisiweyo kwandisa amanani okuthabatha inxaxheba ngo-20/30% xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezizimeleyo.

Umgangatho onyusiweyo wobomi nokufumana

Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko kunciphisa uxinezeleko olungapheliyo, nto leyo ephucula impilo, ubuthongo, nokucaca kwengqondo. Abazali abangasakhathazeki ngokugxothwa okanye ukulamba banokuba nento eninzi yokukhulisa abantwana babo. Abantwana abakumakhaya aneziqabu ezihlala zihleli banokukhula kakuhle engqondweni baze bafunde.

Amaqhina Oluntu Anamandla

Iinkqubo ezidibanisa abamelwane kunye /iindawo ezinamagumbi aphakathi, izitiya zoluntu, ukuzalanisa iinkqubo zokunxibelelana nabantu ezihlala kude kudlule ixesha elidlulileyo locwangciso. Olu nxulumano luba yiminatha yokhuseleko: ummelwane angathatha uhambo oluya kugqirha okanye athathe isikhokelo somsebenzi. Ukusebenzisana kakhulu kwezentlalo kunxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho oluphantsi, ukuthembana kakhulu namaziko, kunye nomntu ovota kakhulu.

Amathuba Angakumbi Ezoqoqosho

Uqeqesho lomsebenzi, imfundo, kunye nokukhuthaza imali kunceda iintsapho zihambe zisuka ekusindeni zisiya kwimpumelelo. Brookings Institution ifumana ukuba iinkqubo ezibanzi , abo badibanisa uqeqesho lobuchule neenkonzo zenkxaso,------------boostt ifumana ingeniso e-25% nge-avareji ngeminyaka emibini. Oku kunyakathoba kwezoqoqosho, njengoko abantwana benongenelelo lungaphumelela kwimfundo ephakamileyo kwaye besukela kwimfundo ephezulu.

Amabali Aphumelelayo: Iinkqubo Ezitshintsha Ubomi Babantu

Ukusuka Ekunganqabisekini Ekutyeni Ukuya Kwindawo Yokuhlala: Intsapho YaseJohnson

Xa bobabini abazali baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo ngexesha lobutyobo bezoqoqosho, intsapho yakwaJohnson yathembela kwizixhobo zokutya zasekuhlaleni ukuze igcine ukutya etafileni. Isakhiwo sokurhweba asisinikanga nje ukutya okunesondlo kodwa sadibanisa nabo nocwangciso lwasemva kwesikolo kwingingqi yoluntu. Abantwana babo ababini bafumana uqeqesho kunye nesidlo esishushu ngokuhlwa nganye. Ngokuncitshiswa koxinzelelo ekhaya, amabanga abantwana aphucuka ngendlela ephawulekayo, kwaye bobabini abazali bafumana imisebenzi emitsha kwiinyanga ezintandathu. “Ucwangciso lokutya lwasenza safumana indawo yokuphefumla ukuze siqwalasele ukufumana umsebenzi nokunceda abantwana abanesikolo,” uNksk Johnson uthi:“ Kwakukukokukokukukudla okuqhelekileyo.

Uhambo LukaMaria: Ukuqeqeshelwa Umsebenzi Ukuze Uzilawule

UMaria, umama ongenaqabane wabantwana ababini, wayesebenza imisebenzi ephantsi engenanzuzo. Wabhalisa kwinkqubo yoqeqesho lwezonyango lwekholeji yoluntu exhaswa ngemali yemali yemali yasekuhlaleni. Ucwangciso lwanika abantwana uqeqesho lwesisa ngexesha lezifundo, uthutho oluxhasweyo, kunye nomphathi owamncedayo ekulawuleni iimfuno zomsebenzi nesikolo. Kwinyanga ezili-18, uMaria wafumana isiqinisekiso sokuba ngumncedisi we-ofisi yezamayeza kwaye wafumana isikhundla esipheleleyo sexesha kunye ne-inshorensi yempilo. Ingeniso yakhe yaphinda-phindeka kabini, kwaye wakwazi ukufudusela intsapho yakhe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. “Ngaphambi kolu cwangciso, ndaziva ndibambekile, ngoku uMaria uthi. “Ngoku ndinomsebenzi, hayi nje.”

AmaSmith: Ukuphucula Ulwalamano Lentsapho Ngokululeka

Uxinzelelo lwemali kunye neengcinezelo zangaphandle zashiya intsapho yaseSmith ilwisana neempikiswano ezingapheliyo kunye nomgama ongokweemvakalelo. Baqalisa ukuya kwinkqubo yokululeka intsapho esekelwe ngokukhululekileyo kuluntu eyayisebenzisa iindlela zonxibelelwano ezisekelwe kubungqina. Emva kweentlanganiso ezintandathu, abazali nabantwana baxele ukuba baziva beviwe kwaye beqondwa. Ucwangciso lwanika ulawulo loxinzelelo kunye noqeqesho lwemali. “Asiqondanga ukuba silufuna kangakanani uncedo de silufumane,” utsho uMnu. Smith.

Ibali Elitsha: Intsapho YaseRivera Nesitiya Soluntu

I-Riveras yayihlala “kwintlango yokutya” engenayo ivenkile yokutya ehambayo. Ucwangciso lwegadi lwabanika isiqwenga esincinane, iimbewu, kunye neeverhe zokulima nokutya okunesondlo. Ngelixesha elinye, babelima imifuno eyaneleyo yokondla intsapho yabo enabantu abane, enentabalala yokuyabelana nabamelwane. Lo myezo waba yindawo yokuhlanganisana, ukhuthaza ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nezithethe. Ngoku intsapho ixhasa ukwandisa izithuba eziluhlaza kwimimandla engaphantsi. “Asidli nje kuphela impilo entle, [16] sazi abamelwane bethu, utsho uMr Rivera. “Imvo yokuba ngamalungu axabisekile.”

Indlela Yokubandakanyeka: Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Kumalungu Oluntu

Wonke umntu unokuba nendima ekomelezeni iinkqubo zoluntu.

Zinikele Ngexesha Neetalente Zakho

Iinkqubo ezininzi zixhomekeke kumatsha - ntliziyo.

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukunikela uncedo lwemfundo okanye uqeqesho: Ukunika uncedo lwemfundo okanye ukhokelo lobomi kumntu oselula. Iinkqubo ezininzi zinika uqeqesho kunye nozibopho zeveki nganye.
  • Ukulungiselela ukutya okanye iminikelo yokukhetha: Iibhanki zokutya neendawo zokufihla intloko zifuna izandla ukupakisha iibhokisi, iishelufu zeshelefu okanye ukupheka.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukufundisa ushishino: Ukuba unobuchule kwimali, kwigadi, okanye ekubhaleni kwakhona, kukhokela udidi kumbindi woluntu.
  • Inkonzo ye-Board: Iibhodi ezingancediyo zifuna amalungu asemthethweni, arhwebe-mali, okanye axhasa ubuchule bokukhokela.

Banike Ngobulumko Oovimba

Iminikelo ye-oyile idla ngokusebenza kakhulu kuba imibutho inokuthenga oko ikudingayo kwintabalala. Kodwa iminikelo efumaneka ngohlobo oluthile ikwanceda:

  • Ukutya okungalawulekiyo, okutsha okuvela egadini, okanye amakhadi okunika izipho ezivenkileni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukulungisa kunye nempahla zasekhaya: Zicocekile, zisetyenziswa kakuhle kwiintsapho eziphuma ngaphandle kokungabikho kwekhaya okanye izikhuseli zexesha likaxakeka.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Iinkonzo zomsebenzi: nikeza ucwethelo lwasemthethweni olukhululekileyo, ulungiselelo lwerhafu, okanye uvavanyo lwempilo.

Umxhasi Wotshintsho Lwenkqubo

Ukunikela nokunikela kuyimfuneko, kodwa utshintsho olungokwenkqubo lubangela impembelelo ehlala ihleli.

  • Ukuhlanganisa amagosa anyuliweyo: Abameli ukukhuthaza ukuxhasa inkxaso-mali yeSNAP, amaziko ezempilo oluntu, kunye neNtloko Start.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuphaphela: Yabelana ngamabali obuchule kunye nogcino-lwazi kwi-media yezentlalo-ntle okanye kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni ukwakha inkxaso kawonke-wonke.
  • Ukuvota kunyulo lwasekuhlaleni: ibhodi yeSikolo, ibhunga lesixeko, kunye nezihlalo zomkhomishinala wephondo, uqingqo-mali lwemiphaka, amathala eencwadi, neenkonzo zoluntu.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Nokwakha Uluntu

Ukuba nenxaxheba, unika abanye isaziso sokuba imicimbi yasekuhlaleni ikhuthaza ukuganana nokunikela.

Indima yomanyano loluntu kwimpembelelo yobuninzi

Akukho qumrhu linye linokucombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo ezijamelene nazo iintsapho. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zoluntu zisoloko zivela kwintsebenziswano phakathi kwabameli bakarhulumente, iinzuzo, amashishini, nemibutho esekelwe kukholo. Umzekelo, isixeko sisenokunikezela ngesakhiwo sebhanki yokutya, inkampani exhasa imali izixhobo zokufaka isiqandisi, kunye namatsha - ntliziyo aqeshwa ecawa. Umanyano olunempumelelo kwintsebenziswano nganye yeqabane ngalinye: lunikela umlinganiselo kwaye lufikelele, ingeniso engazisani ibangela ukuthemba kunye nobuchule, kwaye amashishini anegalelo ekusebenzeni kwemali axhasa ukuphumelela nokuphuculwa kwemisebenzi.

Enye imodeli ephawulekayo “impembelelo eqokeleliweyo”, apho imibutho idibene kwizinto ezifanayo, isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi, kwaye ilungelelanisa imigudu. Uluntu oluyamkela le ndlela lubona ukuncipha okungaphezulu kokutyeba kakhulu komntwana, ukungabi namakhaya, nokungaqeshwa. i-Stive Togeter uthungelwano, umzekelo, luncede ama-60+ amaqela oluntu ukuphucula iziphumo zabantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-14 kumanyano yolondolo.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Ikamva Eliqaqambileyo Kunye

Iinkqubo zoluntu aziyiyo nje iminatha yokukhusela. Zinikezela ngoovimba, uqhagamshelwano, namathuba iintsapho ezifuna ukuwoyisa amanqam nokufumana intlalo ehlala ihleli. Ngoncedo lokutya nokunyamekela impilo kuqeqesho kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi, ezi zenzo zithetha ngezizathu ezizini ezingundoqo zobuhlwempu nokungalingani. Kodwa iinkqubo zodwa azinele; zifuna inxaxheba ephambili kwicandelo ngalinye loluntu. Ngokunikela, ukuxhasa, nokubonisa nje, ungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iintsapho ($__iindawo engekho siseko) zinokuphumelela. Xa abantu befaka imali ezintsalwayo, benza isiphumo samandla ahlala kwizizukulwana.