Ukuqonda Indlela Yokufumana Unyango

Ukufikelela kwimpilo yempilo kungumqobo osisiseko weziphumo ezintle zomntu ngamnye kunye nezonyango loluntu. Noko ke, ukufikelela akuthethi nje ukubakho kwezibonelelo zezamayeza; kubandakanya amandla okufumana ixesha, inkathalo efanelekileyo, kunye nenkathalo efikelelekayo. Imiqobo emininzi inokuthintela ukufikelela, kuquka ingingqi yelizwe, imali, kunye neemeko zentlalo. Abaphathi-nkqubo mabaxhathise nezi zinto xa beyila iinkqubo ezinenjongo yokuyila imilinganiselo elungeleleneyo neyonke indalo.

Izithintelo Zeemeko Zelizwe Nezokuyila

Indawo ye-egyographic iseyenye yezona zinto zinzima zingapheliyo. Abantu basemaphandleni nabasemaphandleni basoloko bejongene nenkqayi yabanonopheli bezonyango, izibhedlele, kunye neenkonzo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokwe- Intlangano yezonyango yehlabathi [, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabemi bomhlaba wonke abahlala emaphandleni, ukanti ezi ndawo zikhokelwa kuphela yinxalenye yoogqirha nabongikazi abasehlabathini. I-Telehealth iye yavela njengesixhobo esithembisayo sokuvala ezi ziqwenga, kodwa ifuna izibonelelo eziphezulu zebhanki kunye nezixhobo zokufunda amanani amanani ahlukeneyo ezisoloko zisasazwa ngokungafaniyo.

Izithintelo Zemali Ne - inshorensi

Indleko yenkathalo ihlala ingumqobo omkhulu, ingakumbi kwisixokelelwano esingenantlawulo yendalo iphela. EUnited States, i iKaiser Family Foundation ingxelo yokuba abantu abangakhange bafumaneke basengozini enkulu yokuyeka ukunyanyekelwa kwezonyango ngenxa yexabiso lexabiso. Kwanaphakathi kwe-inshorensi, ukukhutshwa nokuhlawulwa okuphezulu kungathintela abantu ekufuneni iinkonzo zokukhusela okanye ukuzalisa amayeza. Ukunyusa uMedid kunye nemali ye-inshorensi ezinika iinshorensi ezifunekayo kuye kwaba yimiqatha yoomatshini yokuziphaka, kodwa ezi ndlela zithwala iindleko zabo.

Izinto ezinceda abantu bafumane ulwazi kunye nokufunda ngempilo

Ukuma kwemeko yentlalo, imfundo, kunye nokufikelela kolwazi lwempilo. Abemi abafumana imali ephantsi basoloko betsala nzima ngezithuthi, ixesha elikude emsebenzini, kunye nolwimi. Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala ezempilo.

Indleko Yonyango: Abaqhubi Nezinto Ezinamandla

Ukuqonda abaqhubi bale ndleko kubalulekile ekwenzeni iinkqubo ezisebenzayo. Nangona iimeko ezithile zingafani ngelizwe, kukho imixholo emininzi exhaphakileyo.

Ubuchule bolawulo

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ingakumbi abahlawulwa abaninzi njenge-United States, abalawuli abaphezulu basebenzisa indawo enkulu yokusebenzisa unyango. Ukubhatala, ukudibanisa, ukulungiselela, kunye nogunyaziso lwangaphambili lufuna abasebenzi abaninzi kunye ne-software entsonkothileyo. Uphando luqikelela ukuba iindleko zolawulo zemali ye-15-30% zenkcitho yempilo e-US, xa kuthelekiswa ne-5/15% kwiinkqubo zombhatala omnye.

Unyango lwezamayeza

Amaxabiso eziyobisi ezigunyaziso angundoqo kwaye ayakhula. Amaxabiso amayeza amatsha, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinganyangekiyo kunye nezifo ezinqabileyo, afikelele kwimigangatho ebangela uxinzelelo kuwonke-wonke kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali lwabucala. I-politiki efana nexabiso leziyobisi (njengoko ibonwa kuMthetho wokukhuthuza uluvo oluphezulu), i-pringing, kunye nokhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo luye lwaxutyushwa kwiindlu ezininzi zowiso-mthetho. ECD ibalase imfuneko yokuvela okugqithisileyo kweziyobisi kwiprojective projective kunye nohlolo lweziyobisi olusekelwe kwixabiso lexabiso lexabiso lemali.

Ukuhlaziywa kobugcisa nexabiso

Ubugcisa bezonyango obunenkqubela yokufota nokusebenzisa iirobhothi kunye nonyango lwemizila yemfuza . buye baphucula ucoselelo kunye neziphumo zonyango. Noko ke, ezi zinto zintsha zidla ngokuvela ngexabiso eliphezulu. Ukukhutshwa kobugcisa obubiza imali eninzi kusenokunyusa iindleko ngaphandle koncedo olulungelelanisiweyo kwimpilo yabemi. Abenzi bobucukubhede-nkqubo kufuneka bavavanye ixabiso lobugcisa obutsha ngokuchasene neendleko zabo; amaziko okuhlola ixabiso kunye nobugcisa bezonyango zisetyenziswa ukwenza ezi zigqibo zisengqiqweni.

Umthwalo Onganyangekiyo Wezifo

Ukuxhaphaka kwezifo ezinganyangekiyo − ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nokutyeba ngokugqithiseleyo − kuthengwa kwenkoliso yonyango oluchithwa kumazwe amaninzi. Ukulawula ezi meko kufuna ukunyanyekelwa okuqhubekayo, amayeza, yaye ngokufuthi kufakwa ezibhedlele. Iimali zokukhusela, ukungenelela indlela yokuphila, kunye namaphulo ezempilo kawonke wonke kunganciphisa ukuvela kwezifo ezinganyangekiyo, kodwa ezi zifuna ukuxhaswa ngemali eninzi kwaye zivelise iingenelo ezithe thuba elide.

Umgangatho wendlela yokuzinyamekela

Ubunjani budla ngokuchazwa ziinjongo ezintandathu zeZiko leMichiza: ezikhuselekileyo, ezisebenzayo, eziphakathi komguli, ezifike ngexesha, ezisebenzayo, nezilinganayo. Ukufumana zonke ezintandathu ngaxeshanye kulucelomngeni olukhulu, ingakumbi xa ulinganisa ngokuchasene nokufikelela nokuthintelwa kwexabiso.

Ukhuseleko lwezigulana nonyango olusekelwe kubungqina

Ukunciphisa iimpazamo zonyango neziganeko ezingalunganga kungundoqo. Imithetho yokuziphatha, uluhlu lokuhlola, kunye nenkxaso yezigqibo ze-elektroniki ibonisiwe ukuphucula ukhuseleko. IKhomishini ye- i-Ac Evolution zibhedlele ezisekelwe ekuthobeleni imigangatho yokhuseleko. Noko ke, ukuzalisekisa la manyathelo kufuna utyalo-mali ekuqeqesheni, ekuhloleni, nakutshintsho lwenkcubeko. Amayeza asekelwe kubungqina aqinisekisa ukuba unyango luyasebenza, kodwa ukuguqulela ekusebenziseni uphando kusoloko kucotha kwaye kuyinto engafaneki.

Ukwaneliseka Nokwenza Idinga Lomntu Ogulayo

Amava omguli aqashelwa ngokukhulayo njengelungu lomgangatho. Uhlolisiso olufana noluthi Consumer Assessment of Healthhare Surecess kunye nee-Systems (HCAHPS) ludibanisa ulwaneliseko lomguli olukhoyo ukuze ahlawulelwe ezinye iinkqubo. Izigulana ezidibeneyo zisengozini yokunamathela kwiiplani zonyango kwaye zifumane iziphumo ezingcono. Kodwa ukugxininisa kakhulu kulwaneliseko kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni kakhulu iinkonzo zexabiso eliphantsi okanye ekuphepheni incoko efunekayo kodwa engathandekiyo.

Ixesha Nokulungelelana

Linda amaxesha amade ukuze kubonwe iingcali, utyando oluvolwayo, okanye ukhathalelo lukaxakeka luhlala lunemiba eqhubekayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ingakumbi ezo zinentengiso jikelele kunye nobuchule obulinganiselweyo. Imizekelo edityanisiweyo yezonyango olulungelelanisiweyo. "ezinje ngamakhaya onyango aphakathi komguli kunye neentlangano zokunyamekela abantu abanoxanduva"aim ukuze ziphucule ixesha kwaye zinciphise ukwahlukana. Noko ke, ezimodeli zifuna ukutshintshiselwana ngempilo ezomeleleyo kunye nokuhlawula iinguqu-inguqu ukuze ziphumelele.

Urhwebo Kwizigqibo Zenkqubo

Inkqubo yonyango ngokwemvelo inxulumene nokwenza ukhetho apho ingeniso kwenye indawo isenokufumaneka ngendleko yenye. Ezi ngeniso aziphelelanga; ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yobuchule kunokunciphisa iimpembelelo ezingalunganga, kodwa azinakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Ixabiso lee-vs. Ukufikelela

Ukwandisa intlawulo .Njengokuba kusetyenziswa ukwandisa iMedicaid, inkxaso-mali, okanye ukhetho lukawonke-wonke, ngokunjalo kwandisa ukhuseleko lonyango olupheleleyo oluchithwayo kwixesha elifutshane ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi basebenzisa iinkonzo. Oku kungakhokelela kwinkcitho ephezulu okanye irhafu. Ngokuchaseneyo, amanyathelo amaxabiso afana nexabiso eliphezulu, izibonelelo ezingqongqo, okanye iinkqubo ezisikelwe umda zinganciphisa ukuchithwa kokusetyenziswa kwemali kodwa zinokuphelisa ukufikelela ekululazanyazanyisweni kwabemi abasengozini. Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo uxhomekeke ekukulungeleni uluntu ukuhlawula nokunyamezela kwalo ukungalingani.

Ubunjani. Ixabiso

Ukukhathalelwa komgangatho ophezulu kudla ngokufuna oovimba abaphezulu: abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, izixhobo eziphambili, kunye nexesha lokusebenzisana nomonde. Imodeli ezisekelwe kwixabiso lokuhlawula izama ukudibanisa izindululo ngeziphumo ezinomvuzo kunokuba zikhulu. Kodwa, ukulinganisa ubunjani bunzima, kwaye imilinganiso engayilwanga kakuhle isenokukhokelela ekungcakazeni okanye ekutyeshelweni kwabemi abathile abanesigulana. Abenzi bolawulo mabacebe ngocoselelo lwemilinganiselo yomgangatho kunye nokulungisa intlawulo ukuze baphephe iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga.

Umgangatho wokufikelela.

Uqikelelo olukhawulezileyo lwenkonzo oluthe lwanda ngokuhambelana nolwabiwo-mali olukhoyo lwabemi abatsha, umzekelo, ukugquma uxinzelelo olukhoyo lwezibonelelo. Ixesha lokulinda linganyuka, kwaye ubunjani benkathalo bungancipha ukuba ngabanikezeli basetyenziselwe kakhulu okanye izinto ezingaphantsi kwemisebenzi. Ipolithi ezandisa ukufikelela ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokuhambisana nongeniso lwemali kwimisebenzi kunye nomthamo, zingalunciphisa olu xinzelelo. Amava amazwe anjengoTaiwan, asungula ukugutyungelwa kwendalo kwicandelo, anika izifundo zokulawula lothengiso.

Izifundo zetyala: Izifundo ezisuka kumgaqo-nkqubo wehlabathi lokwenene

Ukuhlolisisa ukuphumeza inkqubo yokwenene kunika ingqiqo ecacileyo ngendlela ukurhweba okusebenza ngayo.

ISebe linika inkxaso-mali

IACA yanciphisa ngokuphawulekayo isantya esingasetyenziswanga ngokusemthethweni eUnited States ngokudibanisa ulwandiso lweMedicaid, utshintsho lwe-inshorensi, kunye nenkxaso-mali. Kodwa, yajamelana nogxeko ngokunyuka kwemali kwamanye amazwe, ukhuphiswano olulinganiselweyo kwezinye iimarike, kunye nokuhlaliswa kwezobupolitika. Umthetho wabonisa ukuba ukwandisa ukufikelela ngaphandle kokuchaza ngokupheleleyo iindleko abaqhubi banokushiya imingeni ehlawulwayo. Nangona oku kuthelekiswa nemiba, i-A ihlala ingumzekelo obalaseleyo wotshintsho.

Izixhobo zokulwa kuzo zonke izindululo

Izindululo zomvuzo omnye, ezifana neMedicare for All Act, injongo yokuphelisa i-inshorensi yobuqu nokunikezela ngentlawulo ebanzi kubo bonke abahlali. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba iza kunciphisa inkunkuma yolawulo kwaye baqinisekise ukufikelela kwendalo yonke. Abachasi balumkela ulwando olukhulu lwerhafu olufunekayo, ukuphazamisa ukubonelela ngemali, kunye nokunokwenzeka kokulinda ixesha elide. Amava amanye amazwe anenkqubo yokuhlawula enye, njengeKhanada neUnited Kingdom, abonisa ukuba ukufikelela kwindalo yonke kuhlala kunye nenkathalo ephezulu kodwa ngokufuthi kubandakanya uludwe lokulinda iinkqubo zonyulo kunye nobuchule obuthile.

I - inshorensi Yempilo YaseJamani

IJamani isebenzisa inkqubo yokuhlawula intlawulo eninzi ngemali ye-inshorensi engakhuphisaniyo ne-inshorensi yempilo esemthethweni. Ifikelela kufuphi nentlawulo yendalo yonke ngexesha igcina iindleko zolawulo eziphantsi kunye nolwaneliseko lomguli. Ii-Premium zisekelwe kwingeniso, kwaye kukho ukugxininiswa okunamandla ekuthinteleni kunye nokunyamekela okuphambili. Inkqubo yaseJamani ibonisa ukuba imakethe elawulwayo elungelelanisiweyo ingalinganisela ukufikelela, iindleko, kunye nomgangatho, nangona ifuna ulawulo olunempumelelo nomanyano lukarhulumente kwimali.

Ubuchule bokulungelelanisa ufikelelo kunye nexabiso

Abenzi benkqubo banezixhobo ezininzi abanokuzisebenzisayo ukuze bafumane umlinganiselo ozinzileyo. Akukho cebo linye liyimbumbulu yesilivere; utshintsho olusebenzayo ludibanisa iindlela ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo ezidityaniswe kwimeko-bume yasekuhlaleni.

Utshintsho lokubhatala nolusekelwe kwixabiso

Ukusuka kwimodeli yexabiso elisekelwe kwixabiso lemali ehlawulwayo ukuya kwimodeli ezinika abanikezeli ukujolisa kwiziphumo kunokuba zikhule. Imali ehlawulwayo yeengxelo zokhathalelo, iinkqubo zogcino-mali ezabelweyo, kunye nemodeli yokulondolozwa kwabantu yimizekelo. Ezi zimodeli zifuna izibonelelo zogcino-lwazi ezomeleleyo kunye nohlengahlengiso lomngcipheko ukuze kuphetshwe ukubohlwaya abanikezeli abanyamekela abantu abagulayo.

Ukuzikhusela Nokuveliswa kwempilo

Ukuveliswa kweenkqubo zokugonya, ukuxilongwa, ukutshaya, kunye nokulawulwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo kunganciphisa imfuneko yokucoceka okubizayo. Abathathi-nxaxheba boLawulo lwezifo nothintelo [ bakhankanya iindlela ezininzi zokuthintela iindleko eziziziphumo. Noko ke, iingenelo ezisoloko zinyuka kangangamashumi eminyaka, zifuna ukubeka inzuzo yezopolitiko kwixesha elide kwiingcinezelo zoqingqo lwabiwo-mali olufutshane.

Ubuxhakaxhaka obugungqisayo kunye nokuzinziswa

I-Telehealth, ukuhlolwa kwesigulana esikwenye indawo, kunye nee-apps zempilo ezihambayo zingandisa ukufikelela kwabanikezeli, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-asethi. Ubuchule bokwenziwa kunye nomatshini wokufunda uthembisa ukuphucula ukuxilonga, unyango lobuqu, kunye nolwabiso lwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo. Kodwa, ezi zixhobo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngobuchule ukuze kuphetshwe ukuhlaziywa kwemiqathango nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi luzimele kunye nokhuseleko.

Ukuthetha neengxaki zempilo

Iziphumo zempilo zibunjwa ziimeko ezingaphandle kwenkqubo yonyango: izindlu, ukhuseleko lokutya, imfundo, ezothutho, kunye nengeniso. Izithethe ezizirhoxayo kwezi ndawo zokwenza iinkqubo zezindlu ezinokufikeleleka, amaziko ezezonyango asekelwe kwisikolo, kunye noncedo lokuzondla, zinokuphucula impilo yabemi ngoxa zinokucutha iindleko zezonyango. Inkxaso yeqela lezamayeza ingundoqo, kodwa ukulinganisela imbuyekezo yokuzisela imali kusemgangathweni.

Indima yabaxhasi: Uhlolo nempikiswano

Inkqubo yonyango ayenzelwanga kwizinto ezingenanto; ivela kwimidlalo yabadlali abahlukahlukeneyo abasoloko bekhuphisana.

Abalawuli bakarhulumente nabaLawuli

Oorhulumente bamisela inkqubo yolawulo, banike imali kawonke-wonke, yaye ngokufuthi basebenza njengabanikezeli abangqalileyo benkathalo (umz., kwizibhedlele zikawonke-wonke okanye kwi-NHS). Kufuneka balinganisele imbopheleleko yemali, iingcinezelo zokhetho, kunye nomdla woluntu. Inkxaso ye-Bpartishan inqabile kwiinguqu ezinkulu, yenza inkqubela yolwandiso iqheleke ngakumbi.

Abalungiseleli Nemibutho Enamagcisa

Oogqirha, izibhedlele, kunye noogqirha abancedisanayo banikela inkathalo kunye nokuxhasa izigulana zabo kunye nezilangazelelo zabo. Ukunqongophala koncedo, ukudinwa, kunye nemali yokuhlawula intlawulo zizinto ezixhalabisayo ezingapheliyo. Abasebenzi abancedisana ekuguquleni utshintsho //rather kunokutshintsha okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze baphumelele.

Abahlawulayo Nabangenamali

Iinkampani ze-inshorensi, enoba ziphembelela uluntu okanye abantu, ukuba bafumane imali okanye bahlawule ingeniso ngenkqubo yenethwekhi, izigqibo zokuyihlawula kunye nemali ehlawulwayo. Intshukumisa yazo yengeniso isenokungqubana neenjongo zempilo kawonke-wonke. Ukusetyenziswa kweemarike ze-inshorensi, kuquka ii-asethi eziyingozi kunye nokhuseleko lwabathengi, kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa iinjongo zokuhlawula ii-artress kunye neenjongo zoluntu.

Izigulana Namaqela Obuchule

Amaqela akhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezifo ezithile, ukukhubazeka, okanye abantu abazama ukunyusa ukhupho, ukuxhasa imali kunye nokukhusela. Iimodeli ezizizigulana eziphakathi zifuna ukuvelisa izigqibo eziphambili, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuvakala amazwi ahlukahlukeneyo kufuneka zifumaneke kwaye zimelwe ngabom.

Isiphelo

Ukulungelelanisa ukufikelela kunye nexabiso kwinkqubo yonyango lucelomngeni oluhlala lukhona olufuna ukuqonda okucacileyo ngokudityanisiweyo kwentengiso, ubungqina obungqongqo, kunye nokungadibanisi engxaki. Akukho nkqubo ifezekileyo; ukhetho ngalunye lwenkqubo lubandakanya abaphumeleleyo nabangaphumeleliyo. Noko ke, ngokubhekisa kwixabiso, ukutyala, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa bokuzixhathisa ngokungqongqo, kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, abenzi benkqubo bankqubo banokuqhubela phambili ukuya kwikamva elithe tyebileyo nelixhathisayo. Ukuxilonga nokuzimela kuyimfuneko, njengokuba ukwakhiwa kwezifo, ubugcisa, kunye nokuhlala abantu kufuneka kuqhubeke ukuguquka.