Imeko yephulo lezobupolitika eUnited Kingdom ijongene neenguqulelo ezinkulu, ingakumbi kwindlela amaphulo oomatiloshe axhaswa ngayo kwaye aphunyezwa ngayo. Njengoko izixhobo zobuchule bolawulo zikhula, ukutshintsha, kunye nezakhiwo zolawulo zisuka, ikamva lenkxaso yenkxaso-mali lizakuba licace ngakumbi, i-data-drive, kwaye lifikeleleka — kodwa kwakhona lizaliswe lucelomngeni olutsha. Eli nqaku lihlola imeko yangoku yemali yephulo loomatiloshe, uphando oluvelayo kwimibutho yemali yemivolothi kunye nomthetho, kwaye lihlola iziphumo ezibanzi zezixhobo zobugcisa kumacebo okhetho. Ngokuqonda ezi misebenzi, izifundiswa, iingcaphephe, abatshane, abatsha abatsha abaququzeli, nabahlali bemi abangenelela iinguqu ezizayo.

Ilizwe laNgoku leMayoral Imali yeCandelo e-UK

Unyulo lweMayoral kwi-UK — enoba lolona lwabaphathi-mikhosi bengingqi abadibeneyo abanjengoMkhulu weManchester okanye abanyulwe ngqo eLondon nakwezinye izixeko — lusebenza phantsi kwentlanganisela yemithombo yemali ebonakalisa izithethe zesizwe nezengingqi. Umthetho osisiseko yiParies yePilotilities, iEferendms neReferendls Act 2000 (PPPALA), emisela imiqathango yokunikela, ukuchitha iintambo, kunye neemfuno zokukhanya. Unyulo lomadolophu oluthelelwayo luyahluka ngokwabemi; umzekelo, eLondon, ikhobhiyo yonyulo yama-2024 yayimalunga ne-$1.222-miriyoliyodwa. Imali evela kwiminikelo, iminikelo yemibutho yorhwebo, imirhumo yomanyano yomanyano (ingakumbi ngenxa yeLabour), kunye nemali kawonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke wamaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela afana neekho kwimi nje amaqela amaqela afana nawabodwa, nangona

Amaphulo omphathi-dolophu wasekuhlaleni asathembele kakhulu kwiminikelo emincinane evela kubemi nakumashishini amancinane, kwakunye nemirhumo eluhlobo oluthile njengexesha lokuzithandela kunye nendawo ye-ofisi. Noko ke, ixhala lempembelelo yabanikeli abaninzi, abaphuhlisi bempahla, kunye nemali yangaphandle ayizange iphele. Ingxelo yo-2024 ye-Transparency International UK yabalaselisa ukuba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezizi-$4 zezigidi kwiminikelo yamaqela ejongene neemfuno zempahla, iphakamisa imibuzo ecacileyo ngengqibelelo yesigqibo sasekuhlaleni. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwamanani okubhengezwa kunyuke kakhulu — ukusuka kunyulo jikelele lwe-$1.6.6.6 kwi-1717171717 kunyulo olungaphezulu kwezigidi ze-$10 ngonyaka ngo-2019 — kunye namaphulo oosodolophu alandela intengo yohlalo-mali enikezelwa ngoku kwi-intanethi kwi-intanethi.

Kanti inkqubo ayikhange ingabi ngabagxeki bayo. IKhomishini ye-Electoral isoloko ibiza amandla onyanzelisa nokunika ingxelo yexesha lokwenene yokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho. Okwangoku, iminikelo engaphezu ko-$500 kufuneka ixelwe ngeentsuku ezingama-30, kodwa abaninzi baphikisa ngokuthi oku kucotha kakhulu ukunikezela ngokukhanya okunentsingiselo ngexesha lobushushu bephulo. Njengoko sijonga phambili, iinguqu ezijoliswe ekuqiniseni imithetho yokutyhila nokuhlisa impembelelo yemali kwezobupolitika zilindeleke kakhulu.

Uthutho lokubonisa ngaphaya nomgaqo-siseko ongqongqo

One of the most significant trends shaping the future of UK campaign funding is the broad political consensus around the need for more rigorous transparency and tighter regulation. The current regime, while generally robust, has gaps that allow for opaque funding streams, particularly through companies and offshoring arrangements. In May 2024, the government launched a consultation on electoral integrity that included proposals for real-time electronic reporting of donations over £100, a ban on donations from companies that are not UK-based, and stricter limits on spending by third-party campaigners. These measures would bring mayoral races in line with best practices seen in countries like Canada and the United States, where donation databases are updated daily during election periods.

Enye indawo ekujoliswe kuyo yindima yabaxhasi bamaphulo ababhalisweyo becandelo lesithathu eNgilani. Kodwa imibutho eqhuba izibhengezo okanye egcina iziganeko ezixhasa okanye ezichasa umtshakazi ngaphandle kokuququzelelwa ngokusemthethweni. Umthetho wama-2023 wonyulo umisela imithetho emitsha efuna la maqela anikeleyo aze anamathele kwiseko lokuchitha ii-$70,000 ngeli phulo ngalinye. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa bekungalingani. Kunyulo lomphathi-dolophu, oludla ngokutsala imibutho yesithathu yecandelo (umz. g., amaqumrhu abathengi, amaqela eshishini, okanye i-NGOs), imida ecacileyo kunye nokubonakala ncam kwexesha lokwenene kuya kunciphisa umngcipheko wemali emnyama ephembelekayo.

Ukongezelela, kukho ingxubusho ekhulayo emalunga nokungenisa imali yongqinelano lukawonke-wonke ukwenzela iminikelo emincinane, efanayo nenkqubo esetyenziswa kwisiXeko saseNew York. Ngaphantsi kwenkqubo enjalo, iminikelo emincinane (kungangokuba i-$200) iyakuthelekiswa nemali kawonke-wonke kumlinganiselo we-6,1, abathathi-nxaxheba ekungeneni kwemali ephakathi konyaka wokudlala nokuncitshiswa korhwebeko. Nangona kungekho mthetho umiselwe ukuba kubekho, yingcamango efumana igalelo phakathi kwabaxhasi bezezorhwebo.

Indlela Imali Esetyenziswa Ngamanani Ehlaziya Ngayo Umhlaba Oyimali

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali yamanani kususiwe kubuchule bokufumana i-arhente kwisiseko se-atrand semibutho yale mihla yezopolitiko. Kwi-UK, kumaqonga anjenge-GoFoundme, Collelfunder, kunye nezixhobo ezinikezelweyo zezopolitiko (njengenkqubo yeqela leLabour okanye i-Conservatives yemali ye-intanethi) ivumela abo batsha batshayo ukuba bafake ikhompyutha-mfa yomnye umbutho onokuba ngabaxhasi abancinane. Uncedo oluphambili lukuko ukuguqula okuncinane, ukuphindaphindwa kwemirhumo yezo zezopolitiki (njengoooomatshini bokunikela nge-mali) abambalwa okanye abasebenzisa i-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi ye-ofisi). Oku akubonisi nje ukuxhasa iminikelo encinane, kodwa kwaneetshana i-croot.

Unyuko lwemiba yemali edityanisiweyo ludityaniswe nokukhula kwenkcazelo yezentlalo kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-imeyili. Ikampakatho ngoku zinokuba neziphumo eziphambili ezisekelwe kwi-data yomvoti — ukuchaza abaxhasi, abanikezeli bexesha elidlulileyo, kunye nabaxhasi abakhuphiswano-nkupho. I-A/B ukuvavanywa kwemiba ye-imeyili, ukunikezelwa kwephepha lemiba, nokutsalwa kwemiqathango ye-imeyili, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango ye-data-data kuxhomekeke kwi-intanethi, ukuphazamisa kwe-UK kwi-C Center ye-SC-Invoctal kunye ne-Innovation, iphulo lwezopolitiki ezintyenzi entluntluntluntluntsko nge-40%, ngaphezu kwezo zixhomekeke kwimichini nje kuphela kwiindlela zesithethe. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kokuzinkcinelisa kolwazi lwe-data, ukungenelwa kwe-algnobugno ye-ethethorip, kunye ne-ekhodis propati ye-eting.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo kukusetyenziswa kweendonga "zonyuko" kunye nevidiyo ezingqina abalawuli abazimeleyo abangenayo izibonelelo zeqela. Ngexesha le-2024 West of England unyulo lomphathi-dolophu, u-Alastair Watson ozimeleyo waphakamisa ngaphezu ko-$200,000 ngothothotho lweevidiyo zentsholongwane kwi-Tik Tok kunye ne-Istagram, exhathisa ukunganeliseki ngamaqela amabini angundoqo. Impumelelo yakhe ibonisa ukuba imali yemali yamanani ingadethula ukufikelela ekuboneni inkxaso yamaphulo, nangona iphakamisa imibuzo ngempembelelo yokubonakala kwemithetho-allemathistiki ekulingana okulingana okunyuka.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemibutho yezemali, iKhomishini ye-Electoral inike ukhokelo lokuqinisekisa ukuba bangoobani abanikeli be-intanethi, ingakumbi iminikelo engaphezu ko-$500. Kodwa iingcali ezininzi ziphikisa ukuba le mithetho iphelelwe lixesha. Uhlolisiso lwama-2023 lwe-London School of Economics lwafumanisa ukuba ubuncinane i12% yeminikelo yemali ye-intanethi yemirhumo yoomatiloshe ivela kubantu abanokuthi iidilesi zabo zingakwazi ukuqinisekiswa ngexesha elithile, mhlawumbi bavumele imali yangaphandle ukuba ibhacelele. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo zibone ukuba imigaqo yokoqobo yemali yexesha eliyinyani iphelelwe lixesha — njengemali edibanisa ii-data zokuvota ezibhalisa i-Rontareji — ihlolwa yi-Elmectorctor Commissioner kunye nabaxhasi bezorhwebo.

Indima Yezibhengezo Zogcino-lwazi Nezibhengezo

Ubuxhakaxhaka abuguquli nje kuphela indlela amaphulo axhaswa ngayo kodwa kwakhona nendlela aliwa ngayo. Ugcino-lwazi oluneenkqubo ezincinci luvumela amaphulo okuchola amaqela athile abavoti — abafana nabanini-khaya abangenazintlu-45 abaneminyaka engama-30-45 kwiseti yegumbi elisezantsi — kunye nokuhambisa imiyalezo ethunyelweyo ngezixhobo zezentlalo-ntle, i-imeyili okanye umbhalo. Kunyuswa kwe-2021 Metro Metro Methor, usogosa-osi, umphathi-dolophu osisibotshelelwe kwiNtshona yeMidlands, i-Andy Street, wasebenzisa iqonga elinolwazi elincutshe ngokukhetha okuqhelekileyo (itransport, imisebenzi, indawo engqongileyo) kwaye wawandisa iphulo lwakhe kwimijikelo ye-intanethi kwikhompyutha.

Le ndlela inyusa imibuzo ebalulekileyo yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kunye neyomthetho. Umgaqo-nkqubo wogcino-lwazi jikelele wokukhusela i-Regnual Regate (GDPR) uthintela ukusetyenziswa kogcino-lwazi lobuqu lwezopolitiko ngaphandle kwemvume ecacileyo. I-ICO) inike imali kwimirhumo emininzi yokuqhekeza ugcino-lwazi, kuquka ne-$500,000 entle kumntu osebenza kwindawo yoomatiloshe abafumana i-data kwi-data yoluntu ngaphandle kwemvume. Xa ijonge phambili, i-ICOMP iphuhlisa ikhowudi ethile ecacileyo yokuqhelisela iphulo lwezopolitiko, elindeleke ukuba ifune uclute olucacileyo logcino-data ekudibanisweni kwe-data phakathi kwamaphulo-data kunye ne-eCandelo lwesithathu.

Olunye ucelomngeni oluvelayo yindima yesixhobo sokusebenza sobugcisa — i-aifakes kunye nokuqulethwe yi-Al-general — kumaphulo oosiyala. Ngexesha lomjikelo wonyulo wama-2024, ividiyo enzulu yomntu obhaptiziweyo woomatiloshe eMntla weNgilani esenza izithembiso zobuxoki ezisasazwe kwi-WhatsApp, ezibangela ukudidemokraza kunye nokukhanyela okupheleleyo. IKhomishini ye-Electoral ayinawo amandla akhethekileyo okulawula okuqulungela okuquluphala oku. Ingxelo e-2024 icelelwa ukuba zonke ii-Ademocromation ze-macance zithwale umgalelo we-diomscs , ngokufanayo nemithetho ye-Unitydiaty Union.

Ukuqhelaniswa nokusingqongileyo kwephulo lasemva

Isifo se-COVID-19 sayitshintsha ngokusisigxina indlela amaphulo anxulumene ngayo nabavoti. Iiholo zedolophu ezisisigxina, iintlanganiso ezihlala kunye neengxoxo ze-intanethi ze-Q&A, zingumcimbi we-computer. Kubantu abaza kufumana ingxubusho, olu tshintsho luye lwaba yindleko-mali kunye nophuhliso lokufumaneka. Kunokuba kuqeshwe iinkonzo ezinkulu zentlanganiso, amaphulo anokubangela iziganeko zemali, ukufikelela kwimimandla yomzilo ohlala edolophini kunye nasemaphandleni ngokulandelelana. U-202222 we-omatilasi-omatiloshe ngoluhlu lomphathi-dolophu ophumeleleyo wabona umbutho we-15 we-intanethi, ngamnye utsala abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-500 — ngaphezu kokuba bekho ngokoqobo kwintlanganiso yoluntu.

Noko ke, ukuphanda ngemichiza yentlalo kudala iindidi ezintsha zokuchitha iividiyo: ukuveliswa kwevidiyo, ukukhutshwa kwemirhumo yeqonga, kunye nokungakhutshelwa kwekhompyutha. Iholo yengingqi yengingqi ye-intanethi ingabiza $500-$1 000 (R36 000) kwizixhobo zobugcisa nezobungcali. Okwangoku, iziganeko zomzimba azikhange ziphele, kodwa indima yazo itshintshile. Ngoku iMithetho yemiqathango isebenzisa ukunkqonkqonkqoza kweminyango kunye neziganeko zasekuhlaleni ukuze kwakhiwe ukuthembana, ngelixa libeke iziteshinazo zemali. Umlinganiselo ophakathi kwe-intanethi ne-intanethi usasetyenziswa, kwaye imimiselo ezayo isenokufuneka ichaze imida yokusetyenziswa ngokwamanani ngokwahlukileyo kwezithethe.

Ufikelelo luhlala lulithuba elingundoqo. Iziganeko ze-intanethi zingachazwa, ziguqulelwe, zigcinwe, zivumele abavoti abakhubazekileyo okanye abangakwaziyo ukuhamba ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. IKhomishini ye-Electoral ngoku ifuna ukugunyazisa ukuba bonke abalawuli boomatiloshe banikele ngesiganeko esinye sonxibelelwano lwe-intanethi ngexesha leli phulo. Oku kuya kubonisa inyathelo elibalulekileyo elikhokelela kwidemokhrasi equlu-demokhrasi, kodwa kwakhona kuya kufuna ukuba kuxhaswe inkxaso-mali engakumbi yezixhobo zamanani — ingakumbi kumaqela amancinane nakwabo bazimeleyo abangenayo iipoko.

Ukuhlala Uselucelomngeni Namathuba Azayo

Ngaphandle kokusenobuchule bokwenza utshintsho lwamanani, ucelomngeni lwezakhiwo ezininzi luyaqhubeka. Okokuqala, ukufihla ugcino-lwazi kunye nokungachananga zizisongelo ezibini ezinokunyulwa. Ukusasazeka kweengxelo zobuxoki ngemithetho-manani yezentlalo-ntle, ngokufuthi okunyuswe ngephulo lokujoliswe kulo, kungaphelisa ukuthembana komvoti. Uphando lwama-2023 Gov lufunyenwe ukuba 67% yabavoti be-UK Copediers bakholelwa ukuba izibhengezo zezopolitiko ze-intanethi azinyani, yaye 58% ixhasa ukuvalwa kwemiccuba ezithelekelelwa kwizibhengezo zezobupolitika ngokupheleleyo. Ukushenxiswa kwamaqonga afana no-Meta no-X (od Twitterday) ukumisela imiba ejongwayo yezobupolitika kunokukunceda, kodwa amaphulo sele efumana umsebenzi ojikeleza, njengokusetyenziswa kwempembelelo ehlawulwa yiprotovolution.

Okwesibini, ukungalingani kwemali okukhoyo kuhlala kusebukhali. Ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kwemali yemivo kukhutshiwe ngokwedemokrasi kwezinye iinkalo, abatsha bathathi-nxaxheba abaphezulu banokuphuma kwi-odoli encinci namaqela alishumi. Umzekelo, unyulo lwemali lwaseLondon olungama-2024 olwabonwa kwiCumbbent Sadiq Khan luchitha ngaphezu ko-$1.1.1 lezigidi, ngoxa utshaba lwakhe olukhulu uSusan Hall echithwa malunga no-$90,000 000 000 000 000, kunye noGreentialthity kuphela $150 000. Imali kawonke kawonke inokuba icuthe umngxube, njengoko iqela le-mali licebisa ukuba lithe isithutho kwi-mfo yokusasa ngoluvo lwamanani. I-Labour ice ithe isikhombe kwikhompyutha esetyenziswa kwisethi nganye, kodwa oku kuchasene nokuthetha ngenkululeko.

Okwesithathu, ukulawulwa kwemeko-bume kufuneka kuqhubekeke nokutshintsha kobugcisa. Ingxelo engokwasemthethweni yangoku — iPPERA — yabhalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-media. Ayigqubuthela ngokufanelekileyo urhwebo lwe-AI-generated, okanye ukunqumla-iplatform intlawulo. Ingxelo evela kwiNdlu yoLawulo lwamaPhondo kunye neKomiti yeMicimbi yezoMgaqo-siseko ikhuthaza ukudalwa kweQumrhu loMgaqo-mali ngaphakathi kweKhomishoni ye-Electoral, namandla okuqulatha i-algatimenments, ifuna ukuvela ekujoliseni inte, kwaye ibeka ityala lokwenene ngexesha lokuqhekeza. Iyunithi enjalo izakuxhaswa yi-levy kwiqonga le platifomu, ngokufanayo nendlela ethathwe ngayo kwi-omatilasi-nte yoomatila.

Kumathuba, ikamva lenkxaso-mali yephulo lomphathi-mikhosi linokufumana ubugcisa bokuthintela icandelo lobuchule bokufumana iminikelo ekhanyayo. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zesikhokelo zivavanye iinkqubo ezisekelwe kulawulo lwesikhokelo apho umnikelo ngamnye ubhalwe ngokungenakuphindwa kwaye uthe ngqo, ukunciphisa ubungozi bemali efihliweyo. Isixeko saseLiverpool sivavanywe ngeqonga lemali yemali esekelwe kwimibutho yemali yemali ebhankiyo kwiprojekthi yayo eyi 2023 ngokhetho, kwaye nangona ukunikelwa kombutho woomatilo kusezantsi, kwabonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubhaliswe. Ngokufanayo, ukuvulwa kwemithombo yemirhuqo-ota-otamrhutho njengo abo bakhuthazwa yi-Elctal Commissionsionty [FLD:1] ithel, ivumela ukuba iprojelo encinane ifikelele kwimali ekhoyo kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu zobugcisa.

Enye inkqubela ethembisayo kukukhula kwephulo elilungiselelwe uluntu elinika izibonelelo ezisuka kwiziseko ezizimeleyo. Iziko elinjenge-Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust Linikezele iziphiwo ezincinane ezingqinelanayo kubahloli abazimeleyo basekuhlaleni ababonisa inkxaso yengca. Ezi zibonelelo zisoloko zibekwa kwi-$5 000 kodwa zingenza umahluko omkhulu kwimijaho eqinileyo. Ukunwenwa kwemali exhasa inkxaso-lu hlobo, ngexa kuqinisekisiwe ukuba ihlala izimele kwaye icace, kungaqhubela phambili kwipolitiki yoomatilo-omatiloshe.

Isiphelo

Ikamva lephulo loomatiloshe lenkxaso-mali kunye namaphulo ezobupolitika e-UK lilungiswa ngokutsha nge-conflution yobugcisa, ukuhlaziywa kolawulo, kunye nokuguquka kwesimo sengqondo sikawonke-wonke. Ukubonelela ngezixhobo zamanani kunye nokhetho logcino-lwazi oluthe ngqo lusenza iphulo lube olunempumelelo ngakumbi, kodwa kwakhona zidala amaphulo amatsha ayimfihlo, angekho mthethweni, kunye nokungalingani. Akukho mithetho ecacileyo echazayo ngexesha, kwaye izimali zikawonke-wonke ezinika indlela yokhetho olulungileyo nolwahlukileyo. Okwangoku, ukwamkela iifomatilo-mfono neempahla ze-craclueatting kunye nokuhlola izibonelelo ezivulekileyo ngoku ziza kuboniswa kumqondiso onzulu wendale yemali nokunxibelelana. Akukho nanye iinguqulelo eziya kwenzeka ebusuku, kodwa ikhondo likawonke-omatilo-2030, ngoku uya kujongwa abo badwe abo bangama-20 kunye nabo bafumana iipropati ze-onkampanti, kwaye baya kulungiselelwa ukuba balungiselele ukuba balungiselele ukuba balungiselele ngoku.