Ukutshintsha - guquka Kwenkululeko Yabemi Kuluntu Lwanamhlanje

Ukukhululeka kwabemi kwakha isiseko soluntu lwedemokhrasi, ukukhusela inkululeko yabantu kurhulumente ophathwe ngokulinganayo nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo phantsi komthetho. Njengoko sihambela phambili kwinkulungwane yama-21, imikhosi eguqula le nkululeko iyakhula ngobuntlola nomlinganiselo. Utshintsho lobugcisa, ukutshintsha kwemibutho yezopolitiko, iingxaki zempilo yehlabathi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuGcisa okutsha kuzimisele ukwenza amathuba kunye nezisongelo. Ukuqonda apho inkululeko yabemi ikhokelwa khona kufuneka siqwalasele ngokusondeleleneyo utshintsho oluqhubekayo nobunzima obukhoyo ekukhuseleni amalungelo asisiseko.

Amanani Ayimfihlo Kwixesha Lonxulumano Oluzinzileyo

I-athom yamanani iye yavela njengenye yemiba yenkululeko yasekuhlaleni echazayo ngexesha lethu. Mihla le, abantu bavelisa ubuninzi obukhulu bolwazi ngemikhwa yokukhangela, intsebenziswano yezentlalo, intengiselwano yezemali, kunye nokulandelela indawo. Le nkcazelo iye yaba yinto exabisekileyo kwiinkampani kwaye iye yaba sisixhobo esinamandla koorhulumente. Uxinezeleko phakathi koncedo, ukhuseleko, kunye nelungelo lokuzibopha akunanzelekanga kukhawulezi ukusombulula nanini na nini.

Ukunqongophala Kogcino - lwazi Nokudinwa Okuvunyiweyo

Imizekelo yezoshishino yeenkampani ezinkulu zobugcisa ixhomekeke ekuqokeleleni nasekufakeni idata yomsebenzisi. Ngelixesha imimiselo enjenge-General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) eYurophu kunye neCalifornia Consumer Accy Act (CPA) eUnited States iseke amalungelo amatsha abathengi, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuhlala kudinwa. Abasebenzisi abaninzi badinwa, bakrunyukiswa yizivumelwano zabo ze-mgamsbe bengaziqondi oko bakunikezelayo. Oku kukhukulisela umgaqo wokuba abantu bafanele balawule ulwazi lwabo lobuqu.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo esisemthethweni

Oorhulumente bayaqhubeka benyanzela ukwanda kokufikelela kunxibelelwano lwamanani kunye nogcino-lwazi olugciniweyo. Izinyathelo zokugunyazisa ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo, ukwandisa uphando olungenasiqinisekiso, kunye nokunyanzela iinkampani zobugcisa ukuba zinike ugcino-lwazi lomsebenzisi ziphakamisa imibuzo enzulu ngomGaqo-siseko. Iinkqubo zomthetho ezilawula eziqheliselo, ezininzi zazo ezazibhalwe ngaphambi kokuba i-intanethi ifikelele, ziyazama ukugcina isantya. Isiphumo sale ngxoxo siya kubumba imida yemfihlo yamanani kamashumi eminyaka.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobugcisa bokunyusa nokulingana kwamandla

Ukwanda kobugcisa bokuhlola buye baguqula ulwalamano phakathi kwabemi norhulumente. Iinkqubo zokwazisa abantu, ukujongwa kweliso, imigaqo-nkqubo yobupolisa eqikelelwa kwangaphambili, kunye neenkqubo zoqokelelo-lwazi olusachotho ziya zixhaphaka kwimibutho yedemokhrasi neyolawulo-mthetho oluphantsi kwegunya. Ngoxa ezi zixhobo zidla ngokuboniswa njengemfuneko kukhuseleko lukawonke wonke, impembelelo yazo kwiimfuno zenkululeko yabemi.

Ukwamkelwa Kobuso Nesithuba Sikawonkewonke

Ubugcisa bokuqwalaselwa kobuso buphakamisa inkxalabo ethile ngokungaziwa kwabantu kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Izixeko ezininzi namazwe ziye zashukunyiselwa ekuvaleni ukusetyenziswa kobukho bobuso ngenxa yemibandela echanekileyo, ingakumbi kubantu abanemibala, kunye nemiphumo enxunguphalisayo kwindibano yamahala. Ingxoxo igxininisa ukuba iingenelo zokufanisa zingaphezulu kusini na kwiingozi zokuyila ingqalelo yokuhlola ezisisigxina ezihamba yonke imibutho.

Imigaqo-nkqubo Esesikweni

Amaziko okunyanzelisa umthetho asebenzisa i-algorithm ngokuqhubekayo ukuxela kwangaphambili apho ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka okanye achaze abantu abasengozini yokucaphuka. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ezi nkqubo zidla ngokufana nocalucalulo olukhoyo kwi-data yobupolisa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubekeni ngaphezulu kwemibutho ekwimida eqengqelekayo. Ngaphandle kokubonakala kwanokuphendula, izixhobo ezixela kwangaphambili zibeka umngcipheko wokucalucalucalulo kwinkqubo yokusesikweni phantsi kobungcazelo. ACLU] lubhale iimeko ezininzi [[ apho ubugcisa bokuhlola bungakhangelwa bungakhangelwanga bubonqikelelwanga bodwanga okanye ingxoxo kawonke.

Ubuxhakaxhaka njengekrele elibekwe kabini kumalungelo

Ubuxhakaxhaka abusongeli inkululeko yabemi ngokwemvelo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, bunika izixhobo ezinika amandla abantu, amazwi okwandisa, kwaye bugcina amaziko anamandla ephendule. Kwala maqonga abangela ukuba ukujonga kusebenze ukulungelelanisa, uomatshini, kunye nokusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kwenkcazelo. Isiphumo sixhomekeke kwindlela ubugcisa obuyilwe ngayo, obulawulwa ngayo, nobenziwe ngayo.

Ukunika Izixhobo Zokukhuthaza Ulawulo

Ii-computer zezentlalo-ntle ziphumele indima ephambili kwimibutho yale mihla yentlalo, ukusuka kwiArabia Spring ukuya kwi-Black Lives Confictism. Ezi zixhobo zivumela abaqhankqalazi ukuba balungelelanise, babhale amatyala okuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu, babelane ngamabali abo nehlabathi lonke. Ii-apps ezithenjiweyo zinceda abaxhasi banxibelelane ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo efihlakeleyo. Iikhamera zequmrhu ezinxiweyo ezinxitywa ngamapolisa, ngoxa zona ngokwazo ziluhlobo lokuhlola, zikwanika ubungqina obubalulekileyo kwiimeko zokuziphatha okubi. Ucelomngeni kukusetyenziswa kwalathis ’

Umonakalo Wemithetho Karhulumente Neenkqubo

Ii-algorithis zibumba yonke into ukusuka kumaphepha-mali okuthenga ngetyala kunye nezicelo zomsebenzi ukwenzela izigqibo zebheyile kunye nohlolo lobuntlalo-ntle babantwana. Xa ezi nkqubo ziqeqeshelwe kugcino-lwazi lwembali olubonisa ucalulo, zingaqhubeki ziphinde zibe nobuqhetseba. Umzekelo, ialgorithm ezisetyenziswa ekuqeshini zibonise ukuwathintela amabhinqa kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abambalwa. Iinkonzo zokuxela kwangaphambili kwiinkonzo zokukhusela umntwana zithe iintsapho ezikwindawo eziphantsi kwimigangatho ephezulu. Ukudibaniselwa kwemithetho-algoric ephezulu akufuni nje kuphela izicwangciso zobuchule kodwa kwaneenkqubo ezifuna ukukhanyisa, ukuvavanya ucalucalucaluca, kunye nokufuna ukusetyenziswa okunentsingiselo kwezo zingxwelerhi. Intlangano enjenge [FLT: 0] i-FLTrective Foundation Foundation [F:1] [FLG1]]

Ukuvela Kwebutho Lentlalo Nenkululeko Yamakhaya

Imibutho yoluntu ngokwembali ibiyinjini yokwandisa inkululeko yabemi, kwaye loo ndima isaqhubeka nanamhlanje. Intshukumo zale mihla zisekelwe kwizifundo zexesha elidluleyo ngexesha uqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha nokuquka ukuqonda amalungelo.

Ukudibana njengesakhelo sokusebenzela amalungelo

Izenzo zobuGcisa zangexesha ziya ziqonda ukuba inkululeko yabemi ayinakwahlulwa kwezinye iintlobo zobulungisa bentlalo. Iingxoxo zohlanga, ubufanasini, udidi, kunye neziphene ezichaphazela indlela abantu abafumana ngayo amalungelo abo. Inkululeko yomntu yokuthetha isenokukhuselwa kwingcamango, kodwa ukukhathazwa, izisongelo, kunye nemiqobo elawulayo inokwenza oko kungabi nantsingiselo ekusebenzeni. IiNtlanganiso ezithatha indlela yokudibana kwemida zinokukwazi ukusingatha zonke izisongelo kwiinkululeko zasekuhlaleni ngenxa yokuba zibone indlela eyahlukene ngayo ikhethelo nengcinezelo ezikhuthazana.

Umthetho wolungelelwaniso noMdabi

Ukuphulwa kwenkululeko yamakhaya kuya kufikelela kwimida yesizwe. Abacholacholi-ndaba, abavukeli, nabakhuseli bamalungelo abantu bajongene nezisongelo ezivela koorhulumente ezisebenzisa izixhobo zekhompyutha ukuze balandele imithombo efihlakeleyo. Ngenxa yoko, abaxhasi behlabathi bakha imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe edibanisa amacebo, oovimba kunye nenkxaso esemthethweni. Ezi nkqubo ziye zanceda ekukhuseleni amabanjwa ezobupolitika, zicel ’ umngeni izicelo ezisekelwe kwintshutshiso yezopolitiko, kwaye zinyanzelela iinkampani zezobugcisa ukuba zixhathise iimfuno zikarhulumente zomsebenzisi. Ukudibaniselwa kwenkululeko yamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe kubonakalisa ukuba ukukhuselwa kwelungelo lokukhusela amalungelo ezobupolitika kuxhomekeke kwezinye iindawo.

Ucelomngeni Lwezobupolitika Nolwasemthethweni

Ukungalawuleki kwezobupolitika kumazwe amaninzi kuye kwalutshaba ngakumbi kumalungelo abantu. Ukuguquka kwedemocratic, ukunyuka kwegunya elilawulayo nokuthatyathwa kolawulo olungqongqo konke kusongela ukhuseleko olwalwelwa zisizukulwana zangaphambili.

Ukuvela Kobugunya Nokucinezelwa Kokungamkeli

Kumazwe jikelele ehlabathini, oorhulumente banamandla amanyanisayo ngokuhlasela uluntu, beluthintela ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye bethoba isidima abagwebi abazimeleyo. Ezi zinto zidla ngokulandela indlela eqinisekisiweyo: Inkxalabo yokhuseleko lwesizwe zichazwe ukuthethelela amagunya ongxamiseko, ukuphuma-phuma koondaba bezixhobo zonxibelelwano kuziswa phantsi kolawulo lorhulumente, kwaye amanani abachasi ayahlaselwa okanye avalelwe. Ukukhuthuzwa kwezithethe zedemokhrasi kwelinye ilizwe kungakhuthaza ukushukumiseka okufanayo, kudala iziphumo ezisongela inkululeko yabemi ehlabathini lonke.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobupolitika Nokusetyenziswa Kwezixhobo Kwamalungelo

Kulawulo-mpukane olumiselwe, ukwenziwa kwezobupolitika okuye kwabangela inkululeko yabemi ibe yindawo yedabi. Iingxoxo ngokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo kwiikoleji, ukulawulwa kwentetho yentiyo, amalungelo abaqhankqalazi, kunye nobungakanani benkululeko yonqulo ziye zasuka zaba zezobuhlanga. Oku kuthamba oku kungakhokelela kwimeko apho icala ngalinye lixhasa inkululeko yabemi kuphela xa lingenelela izilangazelelo zalo zezobupolitika. Ingozi yexesha elide kukuba amalungelo asisiseko axhomekeke apho iqela linegunya, licutha uzinzo noluntu olumele lubonakalise inkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Indima Yendlu Yoonozakuzaku Ekukhuseleni Amalungelo

Iinkundla zembali ziye zasebenza njengenqobo yokuthintela ukulawulwa kwemithetho negunya, kodwa ukuphumelela kwazo kuxhomekeke ekuzimeleni, ekuthembekeni kukawonke-wonke, nasekunyanzelweni komsebenzi. Kumazwe amaninzi, abagwebi bajamelana nengcinezelo yezopolitiko, ukunqanda uqingqo-mali, kunye nokuhlasela kokusemthethweni kwabo. Xa iinkundla zigqalwa njengeziphendu okanye ezibuthathaka, ukukhuselwa kwenkululeko yasekuhlaleni kuya kusuka kwimicimbi elungileyo ukuya kumbandela wezopolitiko. Ikamva lenkululeko yabemi liya kuxhomekeka kusini na ekubeni amacandelo agweba anokuyigcina na indima yabo njengeencwadi zokukhusela imigaqo-siseko engenamkhethe.

Imilinganiselo Yezoqoqosho Yokukhululeka Kwamakhaya

Inkululeko yamakhaya idla ngokuxoxwa ngamalungelo ezobupolitika nawasemthethweni, kodwa oothunywashe bezoqoqosho banendima enamandla ekugqibeni ukuba ngubani ngokwenene onokusebenzisa inkululeko yabo. Ubuhlwempu, ukungazinzi kwezindlu, ukungafumani mandla empilo, nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho konke kunyanzelisa abantu ukuba bazimele geqe kwaye kwenza abantu babe sengozini ngakumbi yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo.

Ukungalingani Kwezoqoqosho Njengesisongelo Kumalungelo Alinganayo

Xa inkxalabo eyintloko yomntu ihleli, amandla okuxhasa amalungelo abo okanye ukuba nenxaxheba kubomi boluntu alinganiselwe kakhulu. Abo banemali bangaqesha umelo olungcono olusemthethweni, baphembelele iinkqubo zezobupolitika ngemirhumo yephulo, kwaye bazikhusele kwizenzo zikarhulumente eziphazamisayo. Ukungalingani ngokwezoqoqosho kudala inkqubo emibini esebenzayo yenkululeko yasekuhlaleni, apho amalungelo afumaneka ephepheni kodwa afikeleleka ngokupheleleyo kwabo banako ukuwahlawula. Ukuthetha ngale mithetho i-paramente kufuna imigaqo enciphisa ubuhlwempu kunye nokwandisa ungenelelo lwemfundo, ulawulo lwezempilo, neenkonzo ezingokwasemthethweni.

Amalungelo Emisebenzi Nemisebenzi Yamanani

Ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho nomsebenzi osemaphandleni kuye kwadala imibuzo emitsha ngenkululeko yabemi emsebenzini. Abaqeshi baqwalasela ngokukhulayo abasebenzi ngokulandela i-software yokulandelela imveliso, ukugawula isitshixo sokugawula, kwanokujonga ii-ofisi zasekhaya ngevidiyo. Kwangaxeshanye, abasebenzi bemisebenzi esekelwe kwiqonga basoloko bengenazo izikhuseli misebenzi yesithethe, kuquka ilungelo lokulungiselela nokudibanisa. Umda phakathi komsebenzi nobomi bobucala uye wafiphala, kunye nezokhuseleko ezazisebenza emsebenzini ezingasoloko zilandela. Ikamva lenkululeko yamakhaya kufuneka liquke ukuvavanywa kwakhona kwamalungelo abasebenzi kushishino oluthe kratya-mali esetyenziswayo nakwezo lwezoshishino.

Imfundo Njengesiseko Samalungelo

Ukukhusela inkululeko yabemi ngexesha elide kufuna ukuba abantu abayiqondayo loo nkululeko nesizathu sokuba ibalulekile. Imfundo inendima ephambili ekukhuliseni ukuqonda oko, kodwa imfundo yezentlalo iye yatyeshelwa kwizikolo ezininzi. Ukwakha kwakhona isithethe sokuqonda amalungelo kusenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ibutho labantu elinokuzenza.

Imfundo Nenxaxheba Kwidemokhrasi

Abantu abaninzi abaphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo bengawuqondi kakuhle umGaqo-siseko, iBhili yamaLungelo, okanye indlela esebenza ngayo urhulumente wabo. Olu lwazi lubashiya bengachananga ekufumaneni izisongelo kwaye lungaxhobiswanga kakhulu ukuvuma izisongelo kumalungelo abo. Imfundo yengingqi yemfundo ehamba ngaphaya kokukhumbula izibakala kwaye iquka iingxoxo zemibandela yanamhlanje, ukucingela amajelo eendaba, kunye namathuba okuzibophelela ngezandla kuluntu anokubanceda ekubangeleni isizukulwana esinemilinganiselo nenkululeko yasekuhlaleni. Amanye amazwe nemimandla yesikolo aqalisa ukuqinisa iimfuno zezenteleko zoluntu, kodwa inkqubela ihlala ingalungelelani.

Imfundo yamalungelo oluntu

Izikolo asizizo kuphela ezikhoyo kwimfundo yamalungelo. Iintlangano zoluntu, amathala eencwadi, amaziko onqulo, namaqela angangeni ngeniso zonke zinendima ezimele zidlale ekuncedeni abantu baqonde amalungelo abo nendlela yokuwaqinisekisa. Iinkampani zomsebenzi ngokwazi amalungelo akho ngexesha lokudibana kwamapolisa, ukuqonda izicwangciso zobuqu kwizixhobo zamanani, nokuqhuba inkqubo esemthethweni ixhaphake kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo zibaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kuluntu oluye lwangqinelana phantsi okanye lwaxhotyiselwa yimiqathango karhulumente. ACLU] Ulwazi ngamashishini akho eencwadi obuqu, ubuchule bolwazi ngezixhobo zamanani, kunye nokuhamba kwemithetho yezomthetho zibonelela indlela ulwazi olunokwenziwa ngayo lufikelelekelwe kwabaphulaphuli-ndlebe.

Ukunyamekela Impilo, Impilo Kawonke - wonke Nenkululeko Yomntu Ngamnye

Isifo se-COVID-19 sazisa uxinzeleleko phakathi kwempilo-ntle yoluntu kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Izigunyaziso zesigqubuthelo, iimfuno ze-anti, ukuvalwa kwemiqathango, kunye nemiqathango yokuhamba zonke izinto ziphakamisa imibuzo emalunga nokuba urhulumente unokuzikhusela kangakanani ukuze akhusele intlalo-ntle yabantu ngeendleko zobuqu. Ezi mpikiswano aziyi kutshabalala ngesifo esibulalayo. Iingxaki zempilo zexesha elizayo, kwakunye nemiba eqhubekayo efana nokugonya isikolo kunye namalungelo abantu abaneziphene, ziya kuqhubeka zivavanya imida yenkululeko yoluntu kwimo yempilo.

Ukulungelelanisa Ukhuseleko Oluqokelelwayo Neziyilelo-mfonomy Zobuqu

Imiqathango yempilo kawonke-wonke ibandakanya uthintelo oluthile lwenkululeko yomntu ngamnye, kodwa umlinganiselo kunye nobude bemiqathango. Umlinganiselo obonisa ngaphaya, ubungqina obusekelwe kwimida, kunye nokulawulwa yidemokhrasi kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kuhambelane nenkululeko yabemi. Le ngxaki ikwabalaselisa ukwahluka kwindlela imilinganiselo yempilo kawonke-wonke echaphazela ngayo ingingqi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nemimandla efunyenweyo ephantsi kunye noluntu olunombala olusoloko luthwele inkqathotho yemiqathango yempilo yombini nemiqathango yezoqoqosho. Nayiphi na impendulo yempilo kawonke-wonke kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ichaze le ngxaki yemibangokwabantu abahlala bengenawo.

Amalungelo okuvelisa kwakhona kunye ne-autonomy e-Bodily

Amalungelo okuvelisa abantwana amela ummandla ongundoqo wenkululeko yabemi apho iimfazwe ziqhubeka zisanda khona. Ubuchule bokwenza izigqibo ngomzimba womntu, kuquka ukukwazi ukuthintela ukukhawula, ukuqhomfa, kunye nokunyamekela impilo kamama, busisiseko kwinkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Utshintsho lwakutshanje olungokwasemthethweni luye lwathintela ukufikelela kwezinye iindawo ngoxa lusandandisa kwezinye iindawo, ukuvelisa inxalenye yamalungelo axhomekeke kwindawo umntu ahlala kuyo. Ikamva lamalungelo okuzala liya kumiselwa yimingeniswana esemthethweni, iimfazwe zowiso-mthetho, kunye nomsebenzi wemibutho elilawula lemibagxabisi abakwimiba elungeleleneyo, imicimbi yokulingana, ukufihla isidima somntu.

Ukukhangela Phambili: Umsebenzi Wokukhusela Inkululeko Yamakhaya

Ikamva lenkululeko yabemi alimiselwanga kwangaphambili. Liza kuphenjelelwa lukhetho oluza kwenziwa ngabantu, abantu, amaqela, abamisi-mthetho, kunye nabagwebi kwiminyaka ezayo. Imeko echazwe apha, ukususela ekuhloleni kwamanani kunye nakucalucalulo lwemithetho-mthetho ukuya ekuhlaseleni ngokweentlalo-ntle yezobupolitika kunye nokungalingani kwezoqoqosho, zonke ezikhoyo ngoku zinzima. Kodwa kwale thuba linye liye labonakala inkqubela ephawulekayo ekuqapheleni, ekulungiseni, nasekulawuleni ngokusemthethweni. Izixhobo ezikhoyo kumalungu axhasa amaqela nabemi abaqhelekileyo zinamandla kunanini nanini na ngaphambili, kwaye ukunqwenela ukukhusela amalungelo ehlabathi kubonakala kukhula kwimimandla emininzi.

Ukukhusela inkululeko yabemi kwibutho labantu eliguqukayo kufuna ukuphaphazela, ukuqhekeka nokukulungela ukwenza izinto ezintsonkothileyo. Akukho luyolo lwaphakade kulo msebenzi, kuphela imigudu eqhubekayo yokuhlehlisa ukungenelela nokunyusa isangqa sabo banamalungelo apheleleyo. Ikamva ngabo baqondayo ukuba inkululeko yasekuhlaleni ayiyomilinganiselo engaziwayo kodwa ikukukhusela okumele kusetyenziswe, kukhuselwe, kuhlaziywe sisizukulwana ngasinye.