Ukukhula Kwemizimba Phakathi Kwamanzi Nokuthotywa Kwabantu

Inkqubo yamanzi ayinakwenziwa ngokuzikhetha kwiimeko zokufuduka kwehlabathi. Ngo-2025, kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu omnye kwabasixhenxe ehlabathini lonke uye wafuduka okanye wafuduka efuna amathuba angcono, kunye nokuswela amanzi esebenza njengomqhubi othe ngqo nongangqalanga. Ukudibana koxinzelelo lwenqanawa, oothunywashe bezoqoqosho, kunye nokunyanzeleka kokutsalwa kosheko lwemali kudala iziphumo ezintsonkothileyo ezicel ’ umngeni ulawulo lwamanzi. Ukuqonda ezi ntshukumo kubalulekile kwimigaqo yokusebenza kwenqanawa eqinileyo, elungeleleneyo, kunye nokujongwa phambili kwamanzi.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kunyusa ubuninzi nobukhulu bembalela, izikhukula, nomphakamo wolwandle, kubonakalisa ngokungqalileyo ubomi boluntu oluxhomekeke kwimvula eqingqiweyo nakwizinto ezifumaneka phantsi kwamanzi athe ngqo. Ngokutsho kwe Indawo yolawulo ye-Intergovernmental ekuguqukeni kwemozulu (IPCC)[FL:1], iingozi ezinxulumene namanzi ziphakathi kwabaqhubi bangaphakathi kunye nabaqhubi bomda onqamlezileyo. Ngokukhawuleza, ukufuduswa kwedolophu ngokukhawuleza, okubangelwa yimfuno emakhaya ephakathi-to-irban-mea.

Ukuqhuba le ndawo idibeneyo, abenzi benkqubo kufuneka badibanise iziphumo zokufuduka kuzo zonke iinqanaba locwangciso lwezibonelelo zamanzi, ukusuka kumgangatho wokuhlahlela ukuya kumgangatho wolawulo lwezibonelelo zasedolophini. Izibonda ziphezulu: ukungakwazi ukutshintsha ungquzulwano lwamanzi, ukungalingani okunzulu, kunye nokuthoba ukonakalisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ingakumbi i-SDG 6 (amanzi acocekileyo kunye nokhuseleko logutyulo) kunye ne-SDG 11 (izixeko kunye noluntu).

Impembelelo Yemilinganiselo Yokufuduka Koovimba Bamanzi

Ukunqongophala Kwamanzi Asedolophini

Imimandla yasedolophini ifunxa ukwanda kwabemi behlabathi lonke, ukusuka kulwando lwendalo nakufuduko. Izixeko ezikumazwe asakhasayo `njenge Dhaka, iLagos, kunye neJakarta(azongeza izigidi zabemi shumi ngalinye leminyaka, ngokufuthi kwiindawo ezingacwangciswanga ezingenayo amanzi aphuphayo kunye nezochiza. Le mikhosi yokwanda okukhawulezileyo, engacwangciswanga, ingeyokunyusa izibonelelo ezikhoyo, ezikhokelela kunikezelo olusezantsi, uxinzelelo nongcoliseko. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ulawulo kunye nobuchule bemali babaxhasi bamanzi bamanzi bamazwe amatsha.

Umzekelo, uAmman, iJordan, iye yabona ukunyuka kwabemi bayo besuka kwi 1,5 lezigidi ukuya kwi4 lezigidi kumashumi amabini eminyaka, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yeembacu zamanzi eSiriya nase Iraq. Ubuchule bale sixeko bokufumana intsebenziswano yamanzi afunekayo, kuxhomekeka kuludwe lokuzingisa kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi anzulu. Ukufumaneka kwamanzi eYordanni kuye kwehla ngaphantsi kwekhulu lekyubhiki mitha ngonyaka, kude ngezantsi komda othe ncam yamanzi oweenyawo ezingama-500 cubic. I-policies ezakhanka ezithi zithelekelela ukusetyenziswa kwabemi balapho ngoku ziphelelwe lixesha; izakhiwo ezilungelelanisayo kufuneka zidityaniswe njengeminsuntswana engundoqo.

Ukuhla kobemi basemaphandleni nokuncitshiswa kwamanzi

Ngeli xesha izixeko zisanda, imimandla emininzi yasemaphandleni ilahlekelwa kubemi abafudukayo, ishiya emva kwemijelo yokunkcenkceshela, izisele, kunye namanzi asedolophini aphelayo. Amazwe anjengeTshayina, i-Indiya, neMexico aye afumana ukuncitshiswa okubalulekileyo kwamakhaya, okuchaphazela ukulawulwa kwamanzi. Xa amafama amancinane ehamba, iinkqubo zamanzi zasekuhlaleni zilawulwa ngokufunyanisiweyo kwaye zixhotyiswe ixesha elilinganiswe . Abaseleyo, ngokufuthi abakhulileyo okanye abasemacaleni, baswele umsebenzi kunye nemithombo yemali yokugcina imithombo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuvuleni, ekuncipheni kwemini kwemingxubeko, ekugcineni iindawo zokugcina izinto, nasekuthobeni kwemekobume.

Ngaphezu koko, ukulahleka kwabasebenzisi bamanzi abalimayo kungawatshintsha umlinganiselo wamalungelo amanzi kunye nezixhobo ezinikwayo. Kwezinye iindawo ezincinane, ukuncitshiswa kwemfuno yasemaphandleni kuye kwanciphisa uxinzelelo okwexeshana, kodwa oku kusoloko kuza ngexabiso lokuveliswa kokudla nemveliso yamanzi yasekuhlaleni. Abenzi bolawulo kufuneka bayile inkqubo yokuguqula izinto ezigcina izibonelelo zabemi abahlala ngokuvumela ukuthamba kwamanzi ngeli xesha anokutshintsha ngokuthambeka akwixabiso eliphezulu okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemekobume.

Iingxaki Zamanzi Adlulayo

Ukufuduka akuchaphazeleli nje kuphela ubuncwane bamanzi kwimida yesizwe; kukwabangela ungcoliso oluhamba ngamanzi agudle ulawulo. Xa abantu benqumla imilambo, amachibi, okanye ii-aquifers, bazisa kunye nabo iipateni ezintsha zokusebenzisa amanzi afunekayo. Amazwe asezantsi kwamanzi angajongene nothotho lokuhamba ngenxa yokunyuka kwemijelo enceda abantu abafudukayo abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuchasene noko, ukungcoliswa komoya okusuka kwiindawo ezihlala abantu ezishenxileyo kungonakalisa abasebenzisi bomsinga.

Umthetho wamanzi wehlabathi lonke `njenge ISAHLUKANU seNdibano yamanzi]. Iveza isakhiwo sentsebenziswano, kodwa ayiyilwanga ngokuhamba kwabantu njengenkxalabo esembindini. Izivumelwano zamanzi ezinyibilikayo zisoloko zithatha abemi abazinzileyo. Ukufuduka okunyanzelisa iinguqu kukuhlolwa kwamalungu kunye nemithetho elandelwayo yemithetho-protocomputer zivela kodwa zibalulekile. Imigangatho enjengeNayile Basintifitiety neKhomishini yoMlambo weMekong, iqalisa ukuqwalasela imiqathango yokuzalana, kodwa umsebenzi omninzi uyafuneka.

Ukuphendula komgaqo-nkqubo kunye nezicwangciso ezizinzileyo

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo nogcino-lwazi lwefuduko

Ulawulo lwamanzi oludityanisiweyo lwezibonelelo zamanzi (IWRM) sisakhiwo esimiselwe kakuhle esilungelelanisa uluntu, uqoqosho, kunye neenjongo zokusingqongileyo. Noko ke, i-WRM yesithethe ayifaneki isebenzise ukufuduka njengendlela eguquguqukayo esebenzayo. Ukwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngenjongo, abacebi kufuneka bafake isantya kwimiboniso yemodeli, izicwangciso zobuchule, kunye neeprojekthi zokuhlanganisa imvula. Oku kufuna intsebenziswano phakathi kwabameli bamanzi, abafuduki, abafuduki, neeofisi zobalo.

Ngokomzekelo, iBhanki yehlabathi [[FLT: 0] ivelise izixhobo ezidibanisa ukufuduka kwemozulu kunye neemfuno zorhwebo lwamanzi. Imodeli ezinjalo zinganceda ekubekeni indawo ezintsha zogcino, izityalo zokukhupha imvula, okanye iinkqubo zokugawula amanzi emvula kwiindawo ezinokufumana into ebalulekileyo ekumisweni. Ngokuchasene noko, zingabona izitya zokuthambisa apho ukukhutshwa koluntu kuzakunciphisa imfuno, ikuvumela ukuthomalalisa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwesiseko. Isitshixo kukuphatha ukufuduka kungekuko okoko kwangaphandle kodwa njengokungalawuleki, okunokulawuleka.

Ukuveliswa kwemali ekuhlaziyweni nasekulungiseni

Iinkqubo zamanzi aphakathi azilungelelaniselwanga kakuhle ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza usasazo lwabemi. Izibonelelo zamanzi zexesha elizayo kufuneka zijijeke, zilungelelene, kwaye zikwazi ukumelana ne-DEVC. Oku kuquka ukwandisa izisombululo ezilungeleleneyo. "ezifana nokugcinwa kwamanzi anyibilikayo aphezu kwamanzi ophahla, iziko lonyango loluntu, kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwamanzi aluhlaza) okunokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezikhulayo. Kwimimandla ekubonelelwa kuzo, utyalo-mali kufuneka lujolise ekulungiseni nasekuphuculeni umgangatho wamalungelo kunokuba lwandise.

Izibonelelo eziluhlaza zinika ubhedu. Iindawo ezingamaxhanti ezibuyiselweyo, amagumbi avuselelweyo, kunye namaphahla aluhlaza anganyusa nokuphucula ubunjani bamanzi ngexa zifuna ikomkhulu elisisigxina kunezityalo zekonkile. Izixeko ezifana neChennai ne-São Paulo ziqalisile ukudibanisa izisombululo zendalo ezisekelwe kwisigcini somgcini-sango ekuchaphazeleni komothuko. Ezi ndlela zihambelana nemigaqo yegxaso [[FLT:] amanzi asondelele kwidolophu kwaye zinokulinganiswa ngokukhawuleza kunee nezixhobo zemibhobho yemi.

Ukufumaneka kwamanzi nokulingana

Abafuduki, ingakumbi abo bakwindawo yokuhlala engacwangciswanga, basoloko bejongene nemiqobo yokufumana iinkonzo zamanzi. Basenokungabi namhlaba, amaxwebhu okuchaza, okanye umelo lwezopolitiko, olubenza bangabonakali ekucebeni. Izikhululo kufuneka ziquke amalungiselelo okufikelela ngaphandle komyalelo, ukutyhalela izithuba ezifumana imali ephantsi, kunye neenkqubo zomanyano ezibandakanya amazwi abaphambukeli.

Imizekelo ephumelelayo iquka imigaqo-nkqubo yokufumana amanzi jikelele eyamkelwa zezinye izixeko zoMzantsi Afrika, ezinika bonke abemi amanzi angentla, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko isemthethweni. ELebhanon, amaziko anceda abantu aye asebenza nabaphathi basekuhlaleni bamanzi ukwandisa iinkonzo kwiinkampu zeembacu zase-Siriya ngexesha ukuphucula iinkqubo zokukhusela abantu abahlala apho. Ezi ndlela zithintela uxinezeleko lwentlalo kunye neengxaki zempilo kawonke-wonke ngokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho qela lishiyekileyo.

Ulawulo Nentsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Akukho lizwe linye elinokuphathwa iNgqungquthela yamanzi ehamba-hambayo ne-excus kuphela. Izicwangciso zezizwe ngezizwe `ezinjenge Ingqungquthela ye-Global ye-Moves kunye ne yeZizwe Ezihlangeneyo Isakhelo soMdawo kuTshintsho lwe-Chetembo')[[FFCCCC]]] `Indawo yokungena ejikeleza amanzi kwimpukulawula. I-Sendaiomenti yengozi iqaphele ukurhoxisana kobungozi bemeko-me (UFLTCCCCCC)[iiiii.]

Utyalo-mali oluninzi, olunjengalo lukwi- INgxowa-mali yemo yemo-zulu eluhlaza kunye ne[FLT]MMATILONI ENKCINI yobunjani, kufuneka lufake iprojekthi ephambili ethetha ngokhuseleko lwamanzi kwimimandla ekuyo zombini ezifumana ukufuduka nokufuduka. Ugcino-lwazi oludibanisa imida `indawo yokurhoxaxa-a amanzi, ubunjani bamanzi, nomgangatho wabemi, kwaye lunyusa ulwenze ulwenze ulwenze lukwazi ukuqhelanisa. Umthetho wamanzi kufuneka ulwenze ulwelo loluntu olukhoyo lothutho lwendawo olukhoyo nolulungele ukuhambelana.

Ufundo lwetyala: Ukufunda kwimijukujelwa yehlabathi lokwenene

IYordan: Amanzi Neembacu

Amava kaJordan neembacu zase-Siriya ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuhamba kwamanzi nexus. Ukususela ngo-2011, eli lizwe liye lafumana iimbacu ezingaphezu kwe 1.3 lezigidi zezigidi, libeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kuMlambo iJordan uBasin osele ukhona. Urhulumente, ngokunxulumene nabanikeli bezizwe ngezizwe, ubeke kwisiseko esikhulu esikhoyo . "Imibhobho yoLwandle Olubomvu-Dead kunye neziko lokukhupha izilwanyana ezincinane eziziinjini ezincinane"/** kodwa le misebenzi inde ixesha elide kwaye ixabisa imali eninzi. Kwi-interim, i-khilottee ithe ukunikezela ngolwano, kwaye imigangatho yamanzi asemhlabeni iyaqhubeka incipha.

Isifundo esingundoqo esisuka eJordan yimfuneko yezisombululo ezikhawulezileyo, ezandisiweyo kunye nezibonelelo ezidityanisiweyo. Ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi kwiinkampu zeembacu, kunye neenkqubo zokufumana iimbacu ezivuzayo zinikeze isiqabu esifutshane. Okungakumbi, inkqubo yamanzi yaseJordan ngoku iqwalasela ngokucacileyo amanani eembacu kwimijikelo yonyaka.

EIndiya: Elasemaphandleni ukuya eUrban Imogration kunye noMphantsi wamanzi

EIndiya, ukufuduka kwangaphakathi ukusuka kwimimandla yasemaphandleni ehlala imbalela ukuya kwizixeko ezifana neBangalore neChennai kuqukunjelwe. Aba bafuduki baphelela kumatyotyombe angenamibhobho, bexhomekeke kwiinqanawa zokuthutha iperibhan okanye kwimithombo engekho mthethweni. Okwangoku, iindawo zasemaphandleni ezihlala abantu abahlala emakhaya zibona inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela iphelelwa ngamandla, kwanjengokuba ukukhutshwa kwamanzi emazantsi edolophini.

I-Ataril Bhujal Yoyana inkqubo yokulawula amanzi ehlabathi ````Iqalile ukudibanisa ugcino-lwazi lokufuduka kwimigangatho yesithili yayo. Amanye amazwe azama ukuzama “iityala lamanzi'. Evumela abalimi abafudukayo ukuba bafumane amalungelo abo ezinto eziphathekayo zasedolophini, benika umjelo osemthethweni wokufuduka. Le nkqubo yotshintsho ilungelelanisa indlela yokuphila yasemaphandleni kunye nemfuno yedolophali, inciphisa izikhuthazo zokufuduka.

EKhalifoniya: Imozulu ifuduka yaye Amanzi Ahlala Ezindaweni Ezahlukahlukeneyo

EUnited States, iKhalifoniya inikela ubungqina bokufuduka kwemozulu ehamba phambili ukusuka kwimimandla yemililo yelanga nekwindawo yembalela ukuya kwizixeko ezisemanxwemeni. Le ntshukumo itshintsha iipakethe ezifunwa ngamanzi kwimimandla yomzi nakwindawo ezisingisele kuyo. Inkqubo entsonkothileyo yesizwe yamalungelo amanzi, ngokusekelwe kukwanda, ukuzama ukuhlalisa abantu abatsha. Amanani e-Urban athelela ngokufaka imali ekufumaneni amanzi esiphelweni, ekupheliseni amanzi, ekuwalungiseni, nakulondolo lwemeko ekwakuhlalisweni kwemi emitsha.

Indlela yokufumana ubalo lwamanzi adityanisiweyo idibanisa ubalo, isithili samanzi, kunye neeplani zasedolophini ukwabelana ngeziphumo kunye nokucwangcisa utyalo-mali. Nangona ingagqibekanga, ibonisa indlela ulawulo lwezizwe ngezizwe olunokuqhelana ngayo notshintsho lwamanani. [[FLT:] IPhondo ye-GUSTAIRADA izicwangciso zokuzinzisa abemi [[ ngoku iquka izicwangciso ezicacileyo, ukuqinisekisa oko kucwangciselwe kokubini ulwando nokuwohloka.

Izikhuthazo zobugcisa kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wogcino-lwazi

Ulawulo Lwamanzi Akrelekrele Kubemi Abaninzi

Inkqubela-phambili kubugcisa boluvo, uluvo olukude, kunye nobuchule bokwenziwa bunceda ulawulo lwamanzi olunempumelelo. Iimitha ezizizo kunye nokujongwa kwexesha lokwenene kungabona izikhonkwane ezifunekayo kwimimandla efumana abaphambukeli, ukuvumela izinto ezisebenzisa amandla anokulungisa uxinzelelo kunye nogcino olucwangcisiweyo. Imifanekiso yesatellite iyakwazi ukulandelela ukukhula kwemiphakamo engacwangciswanga nokuthelekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi nalapho i-mitha ingekho khona.

Amaqonga amanani adibanisa ukufuduka, uqikelelo lwemozulu, kunye nomgangatho wamaziko angavelisa izilumkiso zakudala zoxinzelelo lwamanzi. Umzekelo, Water, Uxolo nokhuseleko lwenkampani asebenzisa umatshini ukufunda ukuxela kwangaphambili ukungqubana kweendawo ezishushu apho amanzi kunye neqela lamalungu afudukayo. Ezi zixhobo zinika abenzi benkqubo amandla okusebenza ngaphambi kokuba intlekele iqhubeke.

Iimodeli zokuxela kwangaphambili iimfuno zokufuduka namanzi

Imodeli ezixela kwangaphambili ukuba ugcino-lwazi lwamanani ababini kunye nolwamadrolog ziya zibanobuntlola. I-JRC Global Migration Mode (IKhomishini yase-Europe) iveza ukufuduka-kongeza kwemozulu phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokufudumala, ezinokugalelwa kwimijelo edadayo. Xa zidityaniswe neemodeli ezifunwa ngamanzi, ezi zinceda ekubekelweni utyalo kumbizane worhwebo kwiindawo ezibonakala ngathi ziyanda ngo-2050.

Oorhulumente kunye neebhanki zophuhliso basebenzisa ezi ngxelo zingaphambili ukuyila “ukungangeni ndawo” zotshintsho olunika uncedo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi imizekelo yokufuduka. Imizekelo iquka ulawulo lwamacala afunwayo (umz., ilahleko elungileyo nokuchacha, kunye nolawulo lwamanzi lwasedolophini oluchaza amanzi, amanzi amdaka, kunye namanzi esiphepho njengesixhobo esinye somthombo.

Isiphelo: Umsebenzi wesakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo wamanzi ojongwa phambili

Ikamva lenkqubo yamanzi alinakukwazi ukuhoya intshukumo yabantu etshintsha ihlabathi lethu. I-Egration asiyonto yexeshana kodwa ngumsebenzi wesakhiwo senkulungwane yama-21. Ngoko ke imigaqo-nkqubo yamanzi kufuneka itshintshe ukusuka kubume obumileyo, ukufikelela kwicala lonikezelo, ukuqukwa kwemimiselo elindele ukutshintsha kwamanani abantu.

Imigaqo engundoqo yale paradigm intsha iquka: iimeko zokufuduka ezizinzileyo kuzo zonke izibonelelo zamanzi; ukuveliswa kwemiqathango elungeleleneyo, ethambileyo; ukuqinisekisa ukufikelela okulinganayo kwabo bonke abemi belizwe kungakhathaliseki imeko yabo; ukuqinisa ugcino-lwazi kunye nolawulo lobungcathu; kunye nobugcisa bokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuqwalasela nokuxela kwangaphambili intsingiselo. Ngokusebenzisa le migaqo, abenzi benkqubo bangaguqula ulwahluzo lwamanzi lwe-nexus kumthombo wengxaki ukuya kumathuba okuhlaziya nokuphucula.

Izenzo ezifana nezidweliswe yi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo Ingxelo yoPhuhliso lwamanzi ehlabathi kunye neenyathelo ezivela kwi Intlangano yezizwe ngezizwe yeMovection inikeza incopho yokuqala. Kodwa uzalisekiso kufuneka lukhawuleze. Njengokuba imozulu kunye namandla ezoqoqosho ziqhubeka zishukumisa izigidi zabantu, icandelo lamanzi kufuneka lihambe nabo. Ukhetho luthi shwakade, kodwa indlela engaphambili icacile: ukutshintsha, iquka, kunye nedata-dminive iyindlela yodwa yokuqhuba amanzi kukhuseleka amanzi kulo lonke ihlabathi elihambayo.