Ucelomngeni Lwamanzi Ehlabathi: Ukuqala Kwayo

Amanzi acocekileyo asisiseko sempucuko yabantu, imisebenzi yezoqoqosho, kunye nempilo entle. Kodwa lo mnikelo ulinganiselweyo uphantsi koxinezeleko olungazange lubekho. Abemi behlabathi lonke, ngoku abangaphezulu kwesibhozo samawaka ezigidi, bayaqhubeka bekhula ngesantya esimalunga nama-80 ezigidi zabantu ngonyaka. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuphuhliswa kwezoqoqosho kutshintsha kwemiqathango yokusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukuqhubela phambili kwemfuno yamanzi kunye neenkonzo. Imisebenzi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ezifuna amanzi emhlabeni wonke zingakhutshwa ngaphezu kokunikezelwa kwama-40% nge-2030 eempum, ukuba iziphumo zangoku ziyaqhubeka. Le ngqokelela yemibango ithetha ngolwazi oluphambili lokuphatha izinto ezingama-21-centurty: inkqubo yamanzi inokuba nayiphi impumelelo eyaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuhambela phambili kokwanda kwabemi nonyaka? Iimpendulo eziza kufumana ulungiso lwempilo, iziphumo zezoqoqosho, kunye nempumelelo kawonke-2030.

Ingxaki Eyandayo: Abemi, Ukungaphili Kakhulu Nemozulu

Ukuliqonda ikamva lenkqubo yamanzi, umntu kufuneka kuqala aqonde isikali kunye nemo yengcinezelo ebangela le ngxaki. Le mikhosi ayisebenzi yodwa. Iyadibanisa, idala uxinzelelo lwamanzi olwahlukileyo kukungabikho kwexesha elidlulileyo.

Ingcinezelo Yomfanekiso kwiinkqubo zePinite

Ukwanda okukhawulezileyo kwabemi kuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ekunyuseni ukwanda kokuphunculwa kwamanzi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya, ugutyulo, kunye nococeko. Injongo yeUN eSustaratable Development 6 (SDG 6) ijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka koluntu lonke kumanzi okukhuselekileyo nokunokufikeleleka ngo-2030. Noko ke, iingxelo zakutshanje zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zibonisa ukuba inkqubela iphelile ngendlela ekhwankqileyo. Malunga ne 2,2 amawaka ezigidi zabantu abangakwazi ukufikelela ekulawuleni ngokukhuselekileyo ekusebenziseni iinkonzo zamanzi. Le meko imbi iphambili kwiSub-Saharan Africa kunye ne-South Asia, apho ukwanda kwabemi bephezulu kwaye izakhiwo ezikhoyo zibuthathaka kakhulu. Ucelomngeni alukho nje ngokukhusela ukukhusela amanzi ngenxa yokusela; kukunika amanzi okwaneleyo ukwandisa, ukuvelisa amandla, kunye nokuxhasa ushishinoshishino lwabemi abasandayo.

Ukulima Norhwebo Lwamanzi

Iingxelo zezolimo ezimalunga nama-70% zazo zonke ii-flueaters, kwaye kwezinye iindawo eziwugwadule, eli nani lingaphezulu kwama-90%. Ukufunxa abantu abalishumi lamawaka ezigidi nge-2050 kuza kufuna ulwando olubalulekileyo ekuveliseni ukutya, ukubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwiinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela. Ingcamango enzima apha amanzi [[FLT]] [[1] Amanzi] — amanzi akhuliswe ekuveliseni kokutya nempahla. Xa ilizwe lingenisa ukutya okuziinko okanye inyama, lingenisa amanzi asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa isivuno. Iiprojekthi ezisetyenziswayo. Imithetho yemithetho kufuneka inike ingxelo engakumbi yalo lwabiwo lwamanzi. Umzekelo, inkqanto ephakathi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkozo eziphumayo, ngokunempumelelo ikhuphe amanzi angekho zweni lwasekhaya. Ngokuphikisana nokurhoxakeka kwamanzi asuka kwi-almoring okanye i-oki ezimele inte yemali eninzi yamanzi, kufuneka inte yorhwebo yamanzi, inte yorhwebo, inte, inte yorhwebo

Ukungahambeli Myezo Nemvula

Ukwanda kwabantu kuyingxaki engenakushenxiswa; idibene nokutshintsha kwemozulu, iba yingxaki ye-TB6. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kutshintsha umjikelo wamanzi. Umoya wemfazwe yamanzi ugcina ukufuma okuninzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimbalela ezinzulu nezixande ezingapheliyo kwezinye iindawo. Ngokwembali, izibonelelo zamanzi zenziwe ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lwezitishi & mdada; ingcamango yokuba imizobo yenqanawa enamaphiko aphuma emanzini abonwa ngaphambili iza kuhlala iqinile kwixesha elizayo. Le ngcamango ayisasebenzi. Le njongo inika umzekelo ocacileyo: uMfula iColoradovalda Basin ibone ukuba ihambele amashumi amabini eminyaka, inyanzele iidarishini elikhulu (Lake neLaked Powell) ukuya kwimbali esezantsi. Le hydrawatergrames ifuna i-smaged transched train i-mage transting imotein imoted train imotempmp, imote trampmpmptive trate, imote trate

Iingxaki Ezimandundu Ezijamelene Nomgaqo-nkqubo Wamanzi Wale Mihla

Phambi kokuba kubekwe izisombululo, kubalulekile ukufumanisa ukungaphumeleli okuthile kunye nentamo yebhotile kulawulo lwamanzi akhoyo. Le miqobo yeyobugcisa, yezoqoqosho, kunye neyobupolitika.

Umhlaba: Ukubumba icebo elingavuselelekiyo

Amanzi asemhlabeni yeyona ndawo ininzi esasazwayo yamanzi angenamanzi angenabungozi, inika isiqingatha sawo onke amanzi okusela emhlabeni wonke kunye nama- 43% amanzi asetyenziswa ekunkcenkcesheleni. Noko ke, kwimimandla emininzi engundoqo yokutya kwehlabathi, amanzi aphantsi komhlaba akhutshwa kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu. Oku kuyaphumelela ukumba ingeniso engatshaziswayo. I-Ogallala Aquifer, esekelwe kumazwe asibhozo kumazwe ase-US Great Plain, ibone amanqanaba amanzi ehla ngekhulu elinamashumi amahlanu enkulungwane edluleyo, kunye neendawo ezifumana amathontsi eninzi. EIndiya, i-omati asemhlabeni amakhulu, ukuncipha, isongela ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwamakhulu ezigidi zabalimi. Inkqubo ephathekayo kufuneka ijongene nee-[FFT]

Ubunjani bamanzi nezinto ezidibanisayo

Ukunqongophala kwamanzi akuyongxaki nje yobuninzi; ikwayingxaki yobunjani. Ukungcoliswa kongcoliso okukhoyo kobuncwane, ukunyusa ixabiso lonyango nokubeka iingozi ezinzulu kubomi babantu. Ukuphuma kwe-moriver okuqulathe i-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus kudala iindawo ezifileyo ezinkulu kunxweme lwamanzi. Ukhupho lwezoshishino lungenisa iintsimbi ezinzima nemichiza enetyhefu. Ngaphezu koko, ukuvela kwezintsonte ezifana ne-Per- kunye nepolypolyfluorfyoralyyyyy zizinto ezikhoyo (PFAS) ziluenza iingxaki ezimandundundu ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi aqhelekileyo e-adigm. I-pas i-pass i-PFAS imele ikwazi ukukhusela ilahleko yamanzi ephambili, i-atmocracracket.

Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa Kolawulo Nokuwohloka

Kwimimandla emininzi, ulawulo lwamanzi lungahlukani kakhulu. Igunya liqhawulwe phakathi kwamakhulu eengingqi, ethafeni, emo yephondo, kunye neyamagunya akhoyo. Oku kwahlulwa kwenza ucwangciso oludityanisiweyo oludityanisiweyo kunqamleza amanzi ashenxisiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, uninzi lwezibonelelo zamanzi ehlabathi zidala kwaye zivuza. EUnited States, iEPA iqikelela ukuba izigidi-zigidi zemali zamanzi anyathiselweyo zilahleka nyaka ngamnye ngenxa yokuvuza imibhobhobho. Umgangatho wamanzi oqhelekileyo we-Donellers unika rhoqo umgangatho wokusela wamanzi wesizwe iC-D okanye D+. Ukubuyisela nokuwenza oku kwesi sakhiwo kuya kufuna ungeniso oluqhubekayo kwisilinganiso esingakaqondwangaka. Inkqubo yamanzi kwixesha elizayo kufuneka ivale umngxube-mali kunye nolawulo lwendalo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo somgaqo-nkqubo ocwangcisiweyo ukwenzela ikamva lokuzikhusela ngamanzi

Ukuthetha ngale miqobo kufuna ukuphendula ngokudibanayo nokudityaniswa kwenkqubo. Iindlela ezikhoyo ngezantsi zimela izixhathiso ezingundoqo ezikhoyo kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo zokwakha ikamva lamanzi aqinileyo.

Ukuchuma Kwamanzi Okuma kakuhle

Amanzi aye ajongwa njengentabalala, isipho sendalo, esikhokelela kwinkunkuma esasazekileyo. Enye yezixhobo ezinamandla zokulondolozwa i-primp ifanelekile. Xa amanzi encitshiswa kakhulu, akukho sizathu sokuba abasebenzisi, nokuba ngabalimi, imizi-mveliso, okanye indawo yokuhlala, bafake impumelelo. ] ixhotyiswe kakhulu izithintelo ezikhulayo [, apho ixabiso leyunithi] linyuka khona iyunithi nganye njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwemali kunyuka, ingaqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno ezisisiseko zinokudityaniswa ngokugqithisileyo ngexesha lokudambisa ukusebenza. Le ndlela ithetha ngezobupolitika, njengokuba amanzi echaphaza ekunene. Isitshixo siyinkqubo yokwakha imigangatho ekhusela imibutho ephantsi ngempumelelo, ngexesha elinamandla abasebenzisi be-ovelcesting. Ama-Australia aphucula ayakwazi ukuguqula amanzi, adibanisa amanzi kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zezoqoqosho, umgangatho ombane ombane onamandla, ukunceda ulawulo olunamandla, ulawulo olunamandla kunaleyo olusebenzayo.

Abalawuli neMigangatho eZalisayo

Ngapha koko kuvulwa, ulawulo olungqalileyo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Imilinganiselo yokusebenza kakuhle kwemiqathango, izixhobo, kunye neenkqubo zoshishino zingatshixa kugcino lwexesha elide ngaphandle kwemiqondiso yexabiso okanye indlela yomsebenzisi. Inkqubo ye-EPA's WaterSense isebenza kakhulu, inceda abathengi ukuba baqonde izinto ezisebenzayo. Imithetho yokwakha inokuthintela ukuhomba kwamanzi kunye nokugawulwa kwamanzi. Imigaqo yokulungisa imilinganiselo yokusebenza kwamanzi ngehektare okanye igunyazise ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bokunkcenkcenkceshela obufanelekileyo njengenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi angena elwandle. Ukuqukuqela komgangatho womhlaba, ukusuka kusuka kwi- kunokwenza ulawulo olulungele ukuphuma komfaneleyo

Ukuveliswa Kwemali Encinane Engamanzi

Umzekelo ongundoqo "thatha, sebenzisa, lahle" ngokusisiseko akunakwenzeka emanzini. Ikamva likwimeko yezoqoqosho yamanzi eyisazinge. Oku kuthetha ukuphatha amanzi asetyenzisiweyo angeyiyo njengenkunkuma, kodwa njengesixhobo esixabisekileyo. I-Directtic isebenzisa kwakhona [[ i-&mdash, ukuphatha amanzi amdaka ngokuphezulu ukusela amaxabiso amanzi nokuwabuyisela ngqo kwindlela yokuwanika i— yenye yeziphembelelo ezinamandla kubaphathi banzi bamanzi bale mihla. Iphondo lenqanawa ye-Orenti, i-Grooreatmatertersting Refish Systemssss ingumsebenzi omkhulu wokwenza ulwando lwamanzi ohlobo lwayo, ukuvelisa i-lithathuthi ye-oyile ephezulu. I-Psylgconfsting ixhasa ngokusetyenziswa namanzi amaninzi, isebenzisa amanzi athenwa yi-each, isebenzisa amanzi asetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswayo, i-ogroach, i-ogggg

Ulawulo oluzinzileyo kunye nolawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo

Ukungaqiniseki kokutshintsha kwemozulu, inkqubo yamanzi kufuneka ilungelelaniswe. Ulawulo lwamanzi adityanisiweyo namanzi (IWRM)[FL:1] inikela isiseko sokulawula ukuphuhliswa nokulawulwa kwamanzi, umhlaba, kunye nezibonelelo ezinxulumeneyo. Oku kuphawula ngokucacileyo unxulumano phakathi kwamanzi angaphezulu namanzi asemhlabeni, ubuninzi bamanzi, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi, kunye nemisebenzi yabantu kunye neemfuno ze-eatramenti. Ulawulo oluguquguqukayo lubandakanya ukumisela iinjongo ezicacileyo, ukulungiselela iziphumo, ukuqwalasela, kunye nokulungisa imigaqo esekelwe kugcino-data obuqinileyo nokuvela kwamanzi. Amaziko amanzi kufuneka anikwe amandla okwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kwiimeko zexesha lokwenene kuneembali. Uhlalo loMlambo, ngexesha lokuchasana olukhoyo, olumele ukusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa kwemiliselwa kwemiqatha, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha yezizwe ekulawuleni, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemiqatha kwemiqatha.

Indima Etshintshayo Yobuxhakaxhaka

Ubugcisa asiyombumbulu yesilivere, kodwa bungumncedi obalulekileyo wenkqubo yamanzi yanamhlanje. Ukusuka kowona mvo mncinci ukuya kwisatellite enkulu, ugcino-lwazi kunye neendlela ezintsha zonyango ziguqula indlela esiwaphatha ngayo amanzi.

Iigridi zamanzi akrelekrele kunye nokuvakala koluvo

Igama elithi loluhlu lwamanzi athe gqolo lichaza ukudityaniswa kwe-Internet yezinto (IOT) uluvo lwezimvo, ukuhambela phambili kwemibhobho (AMI), kunye nogcino-lwazi lokunika uluvo kwiinkqubo zonikezelo lwamanzi. Ezi nkqubo zinika izinto ezibonisa ixesha lokwenene lokubonakala koxinzelelo, ukuqukuqela, nokungangeni kwamanzi. Ingenelo enkulu kukuvuza. Isiphumo sendalo ingalahlekelwa yi 20-30% yamanzi azo ukuvuza ngaphambi kokuba zifunyaniswe. Izimvo ezivakalayo zingakhanyisa ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza nokugcinwa kwamanzi amakhulu. Abaxhasi, iimitha ezintle zinika iinkcukacha ezikusetyenziswa komsebenzi, zibanika amandla okutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo. Inkqubo ye-michini exhobisayo ngemilinganiselo yolwazi ye-opera-data enika ukusetyenziswa.

Unyango Oluqhubela phambili: Ukusetyenziswa kwemali nokusetyenziswa kwakhona

Njengoko imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo ilawulwa kakhulu, imithombo esetyenziswa ngokungaphaya. i-Denalition yamanzi olwandle namanzi aphantsi komhlaba anika unikezelo lwamanzi azimeleyo. Inkqubela-phambili yobugcisa ekubuyeni kwe-osymsis inciphisa ngamandla afunekayo ekuncitshisweni kwamanzi afunekayo kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka adluleyo. Ngoxa kusekho amandla amaninzi anokusetyenziswa kwimo yemozulu, ukukhutshwa kolwandle kusisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizixeko eziselunxwemeni. USirayeli, umzekelo, ngoku udibana ne-50% yamanzi asekhaya ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwemali. Ukuxhasa kokungangeni kwamanzi kufuneka kuquke ngokunono kwe-mali kuquke ukusetyenziswa kwe-o-okne-activestyy.

Inkcazo yogcino-lwazi kunye nokuxelwa kwangaphambili

Ulawulo lwamanzi luyinzululwazi yogcino-lwazi. Iisatellite ezisuka kwiNASA nezinye iintlangano zihlola ukuncipha kwamanzi asemhlabeni, amanqanaba ekhephu, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuphefumla. Amanani omatshini wokufunda ukuxela kwangaphambili imfuneko yamanzi, ukungaphumeleli kwemibhobho, kwaye zilungelelanisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo zogcino-manzi kunye neziko lokunyanga. Umzekelo, ukuxela kwangaphambili kuka-Google umkhukula kusebenzisa i-AIP ukulungiselela izilumkiso ezichanekileyo kwiziganeko ezigqithisileyo eIndiya naseBangladesh, zinika abantu ixesha lokulungiselela. Abenzi bezixhobo zobuchule kufuneka bafake imali kwizixhobo zogcino-data kunye nezonyango eziyimfuneko. Imigaqo-data evulekileyo inika amandla abaphengululi kunye nabaphandi beenkqubo ukuvelisa izicombululo zamanzi.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu nokuzinziswa kokuziphatha

Akukho nkqubo, nokuba yenziwe kakuhle kangakanani, enokuphumelela ngaphandle kokuba nenxaxheba ekuqondeni nasekusebenzeni koluntu ekuchaphazelayo. Umlinganiselo womntu wokulawula amanzi udla ngokuba ngowona unzima nobalulekileyo.

Ulawulo lwamanzi olunenxaxheba

Abaphathi bamanzi abaphezulu banembali ende yokungaphumeleli. Abahlali abanemithombo yamanzi ebekwe phantsi okanye abahoywayo basoloko bechasa okanye bebhukuqa iinkqubo. Water Umanyano Lomsebenzisi (ngokwangoku) bayimodeli engqiniweyo kulawulo lokunisela ngelinye icala, ukudlulisela uxanduva lokusebenza nokugcina inkqubo kumafama asekuhlaleni. Oku kwenza imvakalelo yokuba ngumnini kunye nokuziphendulela. Kwimimiselo yedolobhata, iinkqubo zoqingqo-mali ezinika imali zivumela abemi ukuba bathethe ngqo ekutyaleni imiphakamiso eluhlaza, njengemiyezo yemvula kunye nemiyezo ehambayo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zidala imisebenzi ecwangciii yokubhaptiza, ukuqinisekisa okokubandakanywa kwemida, kuquka namaqela aphantsi efunyenweyo, kwaye zihlonelwe ezinkonkozweyo.

Ukuhlakulela Ubuchule Bokulondoloza Amanzi

Ukhuseleko lwamanzi olude lufuna ukutshintsha-tshintsha kwenkcubeko. Ukhuseleko lwamanzi kufuneka lusebenze kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukulungiselela iintsapho ezinomsebenzi onzulu wokuthelekisa amanzi azo nezo zixhobo zexesha longxamiseko. Oku kubandakanya amaphulo okufundisa uwonke, iinkqubo zesikolo, kunye nokungena kwabantu. iingxilongo ze-Bevioral[ zinokuba luncedo kakhulu; umzekelo, ukuthelekisa iintsapho ezisebenzisa amanzi azo ngokuthelekiswa nohlobo olufanelekileyo lubonise ukucutha izinto ezisetyenziswa nguwonke. Iindawo zokukhetha zingummandla ophambili wokuqwalalisa. Ukukhulula i-itshanawa nohlazanomona ngemba-toletafile yezityalo (xrebralcant) kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ngaphandle ngo-50% okanye ngaphezulu. Inkqubo ye-miljingth-jing-jing-jing

Isiphelo: Ukuyiphethulela Kwindlela Ekhokelela Kunqabiseko Lwamanzi

Ikamva lenkqubo yamanzi ejongene nokwanda kwabemi alikho malunga nokufumana isisombululo esinye somlingo. Kukulungiselela ukunikezela nge-orchestra yempendulo yedilesi, imfuno, ubunjani, ukulingana, nokuzinzisa ngexesha elinye. Ifestile yokusebenza ngokutshayelela iyamxinwa. Kwimimandla emininzi, ukhetho olwenziwa kwiminyaka elandelayo, luya kutshixa kukhuseleko lwamanzi okanye uxanduva lwamanzi kwizizukulwana. Indlela ifuna ukuhamba phambili ukusuka kwizinto ezidibeneyo, ukulawulwa kokudityaniswa, ukuhambelana, kunye nokwakhiwa kwedata. Ifuna izigqibo ezinzima zezobupolitika ekulawuleni, ukwahlulwa, ukunyuka, kunye noqoqosho. Ifuna ukuba singabi naxanduva nje kuphela njengengeniso yezoqoqosho, kodwa njengesiseko esisisiseko sobomi, impilo, kunye nokuzinziswa kwemekobume, ukuditya nokuzinza kolwazi oluthe kokugqibela, kunye nobunzima bezixhobo zezixhobo zexesha elizayo.