Imbali yembali yokupapashwa kweposi

Isiko lokuvota ngeposi, namhlanje elidla ngokufana nokuvota, linembali ende necacileyo ebonakalisa ukwanda kokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi kulo lonke ihlabathi. Nangona ingcamango yokuvota umgama isenokubonakala ingoku, imvelaphi yayo ibuyela emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iqhutywa yimfuno yokuquka abemi abangenakukwazi ukuya ngokoqobo kwiindawo zokucoca ngenxa yenkonzo yasemkhosini, ukugula, ukuma kwelizwe, okanye umsebenzi woluntu kwamanye amazwe.

Imvelaphi Yongquzulwano Lwasemkhosini

Enye yezona misebenzi zakudala ezibhaliweyo zokuvota zenzeka ngexesha lemfazwe yamakhaya aseMelika (1861-1865). I-Union yaqonda ukuba amajoni alwa kude nasekhaya angafanele ahlulwe. Amazwe anjengoWisconsin noIowa adlulise imithetho evumela amajoni ukuba avote entsimini, ngokufuthi esebenzisa iibhola zovote zamaphepha ezathunyelwa emva kwimimandla yamakhaya awo. Olu tshintsho lwalungeyondlela yokusebenza kuphela; lwaluthathwa njengomthetho oyimfuneko ukugcina umgangatho wedemokhrasi ngexesha lengxaki yesizwe. Ezi zimvavanyo zakudala zingqina ukuba ukuvota okuvota okuvela ngaphandle kwesitishishi samakhaya [ kwaye lumisela umboniso wokuvota okunokuthi kungabikho kwinkulungwane elandelayo.

Ulwando Emhlabeni Wonke Ngenkulungwane Yama - 20

Njengokuba amalungelo okuvota anda kwinkulungwane yama-20, ngokufanayo neenkqubo zokusebenzisa loo malungelo. Ngeminyaka yee-1980, ulawulo-melo oluzinzileyo luye lwamiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwinkqubo yokuvota. iKhanada, umzekelo, yazisa iZiko loMkhosi okhethekileyo kwi-Ostreliya kwinkulungwane yama-1920, eyavumela abasebenzi base-Ostreliya, amabanjwa, kunye nabemi abahlala kwelinye ilizwe ukuba bavote ngeposi. I-Australia, ekudala iqhamile ekuvotini, yamkelwa uvoteko lweposi ukwenzela ukuba ibone ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kuyo, indawo ebanzi ehlala abantu abambalwa neyaphesheya kweAustralia. IYurophu yabona ukuthathwa kwayo okubalulekileyo: iSwitzerland, kunye nesithethe sayo esinamandla sedemokhrasi, iye yasebenzisa ukuvota amashumi eminyaka, yaye ngo-2005 i-ie kulo lonke i-migropotoat syt sylt sytmotempt sy i-mosssss tration, i-modentia

  • United States: ukuvota iposi yanda ngokuphawulekayo ekupheleni kweenkulungwane zama-20 nasekuqaleni kwelama-21, ingakumbi kwiNtshona Coast. I-Oregon yaba lizwe lokuqala ukuqhuba unyulo lomongameli ngokupheleleyo ngeposi ngo- 2000, ilandelwe yiWashington kwaye kamva yiColorado nezinye.
  • uBukumkani obumanyeneyo: ukuvota ngeposi xa kufunwa kwaqaliswa ngo-2001, nangona inkxalabo ngokuqhatha yakhokelela kwiimfuno ezingqongqo zokuzichaza kwiminyaka yamva.
  • Amazwe akwi- akwizibhaka-bhaka:[ Iintlanga ezifana neSweden neFinland kudala zivumela ukuvota ngeposi kwabo baphesheya okanye kwimimandla ekude, ziwudibanisa ngokungenamdla kwibutho labo eliphezulu.

Oku kukhethwa kwehlabathi lonke kwakungeyompendulo nje kwijoni; kwabonakalisa ukuvunywa okukhulayo kokuba [[FLT: 0] uncedo lwemali luyimfuneko kwimpilo yedemokhrasi. amazwe anamanqanaba aphezulu okuvota iposi asoloko ebona unyuko olusezantsi ekujikeni, ingakumbi phakathi kwabemi abatshayo nabemi basemaphandleni.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo esisemthethweni neengxoxo zomGaqo-siseko

Umthetho we-posi yokuvota wahluka kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, kuqinisekiswe ngokucacileyo ngomGaqo-siseko ukuba kunikwe ilungelo lokuvota (umz., i-Indiya ivumela ukuvota komntu onegunya kodwa ingasasaziswa iposi- ebhankini). Kwezinye, iinguqu zomthetho ziyenze yakwazi. EUnited States, uMgaqo-siseko unika igunya kulawulo lonyulo, elikhokelela kumsebenzi wemithetho eqeshiweyo. Amanye amazwe afuna ingxengxengxele (umz., ukuba ngaphandle kwedolophu ngosuku lonyulo), ngoxa amanye evumela ukurhoxa-ota. [[FLT: 0] Le mfazwe ithelela esemthethweni ingakumbi kwiminyaka yakutshanje,[FOLD:1] kunye neenkundla zokuvota ezilwa ngokuziko. Imeko yehlabathi lonke, ngoko kuvunywa ngokuzinziswa kwemithetho-Rhulumente, inye iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kunye nemithetho ezininzi zikhuthaza ukuba zisuse imiqathango yokuvolathisa kwemithetho.

Ukuqhubela phambili kobugcisa nokukhutshwa kwe-imeyili

Ukwenziwa kwemivo kwebutho labantu kuye kwawaguqula ngokuphawulekayo amava okuvota iposi. Ngelixesha isithuthi esiphathekayo sephepha lovote sihlala sisembindini, ubugcisa ngoku bunceda abavoti ukuba bacele ibhola, balandele indlela yokuhambisa, kwaye maxa wambi bazithumele nge-electron. Ezi zintsha zifake ezi zintsha zokuvota iposi ekuvoteleni okunempumelelo nokusebenza kakuhle komsebenzisi [[ kodwa zivelise nokhuseleko olutsha kunye nocelomngeni.

Inkqubo yeNkqubo ye-Intanethi eMisiweyo

Mhlawumbi utshintsho olubalulekileyo luye lwaba kukukwazi ukufota iposi kwi-intanethi. Kumazwe amaninzi ase-U.S. nakumazwe anjenge Canada, Estonia, ne New Zealand, abavoti bangagcwalisa uhlobo olulula lwe Internet ukuze bafumane ibhola yokukhetha ngeposi. Oku kunciphisa imithwalo yolawulo kwii-ofisi zonyulo kwaye kuvumela abavoti ukuba baphephe iifomu zephepha. [[FLT: 0] Iinkqubo zokulandelela iingoma ze-'[[FLT: 1] zikwaba ziqhelekile, zivumela umkhosi ukujonga uhambo lwabo lwebholaota ukusuka kwi-etoogggs, ukusukela ukwamkela, ngokufanayo nokulandelela umpaki. Umzekelo, umkhosi noomatiloshe (MFOV]) uyakwazi ukunikezela ngooctive transties trans (UFFFFFoter). [FFFFFod , i-omatike projectives projectivesting, indlela yobugcisa yoncedo lwazimessagential, iUpt.

Ukubuya Kwebhalbhu Yombane: Ibhanile

Uphuhliso lwezobugcisa oluphikiswayo lukhetho lokubuyisela i-odoli egqityiweyo nge-electron", i-via email, okanye kwane-apple ehambayo. I-Estonia yinkokeli yehlabathi kulo mmandla, ithathele uvotelo lwe Internet (i-volution) ukususela ngo 2005, apho abavoti banokuphosa khona iibhola zabo kwisixhobo esidityanisiweyo se-Internet. Ngelixesha oku akuthethi ukuba iposi ibhata, imele isiphelo esinentsingiselo sobugcisa bokuvota. Amanye amazwe, njenge Australia neSwitzerland, avumele ukubuyiselwa kwe-elective ebhanki (umz.) eninzi i-electrobian (um.) i-ooosendsss projectal ithetha ngokhuseleko. [FLT: 0]

Amanyathelo Okhuseleko Kwixesha Lamanani

Ngokwanda kokuxhomekeka kobugcisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kovotelo lweposi kuye kwaba yinto ephambili. Amagosa okhetho asebenzisa uludwe lwamanyathelo ukukhusela ubuqhetseba neempazamo:

  • Uqinisekiso lwe ```Ivoter''. Uqinisekiso losayino luhlala luyindlela eqheleke kakhulu. Xa ibhola ifika, umnyuli uthe wathelekisa utyikityo kwimvulophu yokubuya nefayile ukusuka kubhaliso lomvoti. Imithetho emininzi isebenzisa utyikityo oluzenzekelayo kwi- spag- erpointstings, elandelwa luhlalutya lomntu.
  • Ibharode yokukhangela: Ibhola zentsimbi zisoloko zinikwa iikhowudi zebharoyidi ezahlukeneyo ezivumela abavoti namagosa ukuba bazilandele ngeposi. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa kwaye kunceda ukufumanisa ulibaziseko.
  • ICHTIN yemithetho elandelwayo yokugcina umntwana: iibhola zigcinwa kwizixhobo ezikhuselekileyo, ngokufuthi phantsi kokhangelo lwevidiyo, kwaye zithuthwa ngabasebenzi abagunyaziweyo okanye abathumeli abanamaxwebhu angqongqo.
  • Audit kunye noxolelwano: Emva konyulo, amagosa aqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani leebhola ezithunyelweyo lifana nenani elifunyenweyo nelibaliweyo. Uphicotho-manani omngcipheko, apho isampuli yezibalo zibaliwe ngesandla, ifumana igalelo njengendlela elungileyo.

Amazwe anjenge-Sweden neFinland, anexabiso elisezantsi lobuqhetseba, axhomekeke ekuthembeni uwonke-wonke kunye neenkqubo ezikhanyayo. Akukho nkqubo ikhuselekileyo ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba umngcipheko wobuqhetseba obukhulu kwi-posi-evoti ayisezantsi kakhulu. Uhlalutyo olubanzi lwe Brennan Center yeJaji lufumanise ukuba isantya somvoti kwi U.S., ngaphandlel zonke iindlela, luphakathi ko 0.0000% kunye no 0.099%.

Impikiswano engqonge iMayile

Nakubeni imbali iphumelela kwaye inkqubela iphuhliswa, ukuvota iposi kuseyenye yezona nkalo zididaneyo zonyulo lwale mihla. Le ntetho idla ngokubonisa ukuhambelana okuthe kratya kwezobupolitika, kodwa kukho nemibandela esebenzayo yokwenene.

Ubuqhetseba be Voter: Uqhathako

Eyona mpikiswano ingapheliyo yile mbambano yokuba ukuvota ilula kakhulu ekuqhatheni iposi. Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi ukunqongophele kokungahoywa kwe-person kuvumela ukuvunwa kwebhola (apho iqela lesithathu liqokelela lize lithumele ibhola), ifakelwa ikhowudi yotyikityo, okanye ukuvota ngabantu abangalawulekiyo. , uhlolisiso oluninzi kunye nonyulo alufumananga bungqina bobuqhophololo obanzileyo. Ilifaste yeLifa leLifa, ithelekelela ityala lokuqhatha, inikela ingxelo kuphela yenkokeli enxulumene nokuvota okukhoyo kweposi evotiweyo, ebandakanya ukuzama ukuvota abantu phantsi kwamagama obuxoki okanye amaxesha amaninzi. Kwi-U. Unyusotho olungenambutho olungenakubonwa nakuthethwayo (izigidi ezingama-65) kwimibangengongongongo yoluvo oluthelelwayo, i-ebhakade i-ekhotho yolu, i-ekhotho oluninzi lwemfundo efuna ukutyiselwayo eninzi

Ucelomngeni Lobuzwilakhe Nolawulo

Kwiposi yokuvota kubekwa iimfuno ezibalulekileyo kwiziseko zonyulo. kufuneka kushicilelwe, kuthunyelwe, kubuyiselwe, kwaye kucaciswe (ii-arhente zexesha eliqinileyo. imingeni emininzi ivela:

  • Ulibaziseko lweposi: Kumazwe aneziqendu ezingathembekanga, iibhola zingafika emva kwexesha okanye zingafiki konke. Ngexesha le-U.S. 2020 primerivary, iingxelo zokulibaziseka kweposi eNew York kunye nakwezinye iindawo zikhokelela kumawaka ebhola ezifikayo emva kwexesha, esusa i-Franchisting coffice. I-United States Postal Service (USPS) inokuba yibhotile, ingakumbi phantsi kwemali ebhayisekile okanye ngexesha lomthamo ophezulu.
  • Ukwaliwa kokhetho: Ipesenti engundoqo yeeposi- ngaphakathi yevoluti iyalahlwa ngenxa yezizathu zobuchule: isalatha maxesha okuphelelwa, iinttyikityo ezingahambelaniyo, okanye iimvulophu zomfihlelo. Kwi 2020 U.S. unyulo jikelele, malunga ne1% yeebhola zeposi zalahlwa, ezimele amakhulu amawaka abavoti.
  • Ulwahlulo lonikezelo: uhlahlo lweposi oluqhubekekayo. Ii-ofisi zokhetho kufuneka ziqeshwe zize ziqeqeshe abasebenzi bokwexeshana ukuvula imvulophu, ukuqinisekisa utyikityo, kunye nokwenza iibhola zokulinganisa. Ukufika kwebhola zomsonto kungazilibazisa iziphumo zokugqibela, njengokuba kubonwa kwi 2020 U.S. unyulo lomongameli xa amaphondo aliqela ethatha iintsuku ukubala. Oku “kukhatha” kuye kwakhokelela kwinkcazelo exokisweni nokubiza ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngumphumo wendalo wamanyathelo okulungisa.

Icebo elipheleleyo nonikezelo: Ikrele elinomphetho ombini

Uvota lunganyusa ukufikelela kwamaqela amaninzi asemaphandleni, alupheleyo, abemi basemaphandleni, nabo banemiqathango yomsebenzi ongaguqukiyo. Noko ke, kungenza imiqobo. Abavoti abanayo idilesi eqinileyo yokuposa, abo bangenamakhaya, okanye abo bahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni enenkonzo yeposi ebhabhabhathiweyo [] bangafumana iposi esebenzayo. Imiqobo yolwimi nemiyalelo entsonkothileyo inokuthi ithintele abathethi abangeyo. Ukunika le mithetho kufuneka inike imigaqo emininzi yokuvota (in-person covote, ubhaliso olufanayo, noluvolo oluthiweyo, njalo.). Injongo kufuneka ifumane inkqubo ethambileyo, ebomvu enika umgaqo “ovoti osekhohlo. "nolulovertivery" emva kwelizwe linokucwangcindlela engcono ye-Jamani. Ukunika imiyalelo ecacileyo kunye nemiyalelo ecacileyo ye- trativetic tration.

Ikamva lokuthunyelwa kwe-imeyile: Imikhwa neeIntengiso

Ukubheka phambili, ukuvota iposi kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvele kunokuba kunyamalale. Isifo se-COVOVID-19 sikhawuleze ukusetyenziswa komntwana wabanye kumazwe amaninzi, kwaye ezinye ezo nguqulelo ziza kuba zezisisigxina. Kwangaxeshanye, ubugcisa obuvelayo kunye nezithethe ezitshintshayo ziya kubumba ikamva laso.

Ulungiso oluqhelekileyo loMsebenzi weNkqubo

Ngexesha lesifo esingu-2020, amazwe amaninzi andisa ukuvota iposi eMzantsi Korea njengomlinganiselo wobomi babantu. [[FLT: 0] Abavoti abazama ukuvota iposi okokuqala bafumanisa ukuba kuluncedo, kunye namagunya amaninzi abona ulwando olusisigxina. Umzekelo, eMzantsi Korea, ukuvota iposi (efumaneka kubemi baphesheya kwelizwe) babona unyuko ekusetyenzweni kwayo, kwaye eUnited States, amazwe amaninzi aquka iMassachusetts kunye neNew Jersey. Isitshixo sikukuba ngaba uphuhliso olwakhiwe ngexesha likaxakeka luza kugcinwa kwaye luphuculwe. Amagosa amaninzi onyulwayo aphikisa ukuba ngoku ukuba ukuba inkqubo yeposi erroxakisiweyo ayilungele, awona mazwe amaninzi awona angoncedo.

Okukhethwa Kumaqela eebhola Amanani Nokubuyela

Ngelixesha i-intanethi epheleleyo yovotelo ye-elektroniki ihlala iphikisana ngezizathu zokhuseleko, amanye amagunya ahlola iindlela ezixutyiweyo zokuhambisa. [[FLT: 0] izixokelelwano zokuhambisa ibhola exutyiweyo zivumela abavoti ukuba bakhuphele baze bashicilele ibhola yabo ekhaya, ngoko bayibuyise ngeposi okanye ngokomntu ngamnye. Oku kuqhelekile kurhoxiswa phesheya (umz., ngokudlula kumkhosi noMkhosi we-Voterment Act).

  • [[FLT: 0] Ababhexeshi bevota abasuka kwinqanawa ezijikayo: umzekelo, iNtshona Virginia ne Utah ziye zavavanya i-app yabavoti baphesheya nakumkhosi evumela ukuba baphawule baze babuyisele iibhola ze-cellphone. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ubugcisa obuthintelayo ukukhusela ivoti, kodwa iingcali zokhuseleko zihlala zingathandabuzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Iphawu lwebhola ebhadlikayo: Imisebenzi enengxaki yokubona okanye iinjongo zokukhupha isantya senqanawa ingasebenzisa ubugcisa bombane obuncedayo ekhaya (umz., abafundi bekhusi) ukuphawula ibhola eshicilelweyo, eposwayo. Le yindlela ethembisayo yokusebenza.
  • [[FLT: 0] ibuyisela i-kiosks: Amanye amathambeka acinga ngebhola elahla iibhokisi okanye ii-kiosk ezikhuselekileyo eziskeni kunye neebhola zomvo ngokukhawuleza, ukudibanisa ukhuseleko lwephepha ngesantya sodluliso lwamanani.

IKhomishini yoNkxaso yoNkxaso ipapashe imigaqo yemisebenzi engcono yokubuyisela ibhola yamanani, igxininisa ukuba nayiphina inkqubo ye-elektroniki kufuneka inike umzila wephepha wophicotho-zincwadi.

Intsebenziswano Yazwenibanzi Nokuvisisana

Njengoko abemi beya behamba benyuka, imfuneko yokufumana imida yokuvota iyakhula. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, kuquka iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kunye neZiko leNtshona Koloni kunye ne-Electoral helpation icele iindlela zokufaka ubuchule bokudibanisa abemi be-IUNICEF. Ikamva lisenokubona amazwe amaninzi anenxaxheba ekuqapheleni imigangatho yokuvota ekude. Umzekelo, i-Afrika Union iye yavavanya ukufikelela ekuvoteleni ngaphandle kwamazwe ayo angamalungu ayo. Ngokufanayo, i-ea Union ye-e-evolution i-evolution izimisele ukwenza kube lula ngakumbi ukuba abemi be-EUNICO bavote kukhetho lwesizwe ngelinye ilungu lombuso. Intsebenzi elolo lunganciphisa iinkqubo zoko kunye nolwandolo.

Kuza Kubakho Ucelomngeni

Zizinto ezifanayo ezenza ukuba iposi ifumaneke ngakumbi umngcipheko okhoyo. Izisongelo zonyulo lwezemali kunyulo zixhalabisa ngokukhulayo. Abadlali bohlanga-mhlaba bangazama ukuphazamisa iinkqubo zokuhambisa i-colletation, ukuchola isiseko sobhaliso sobhaliso, okanye ukusasaza inkcazelo ngokuchaphazelekayo ngokuvota ngeposi ukuze banciphise intembelo. Oku kumele kufakelele ekuzinziseni: iinkqubo zokuxhasa, ngaphandle kokhuseleko, kunye nokuvavanyaza rhoqo. Olunye uvavanyo olukhulayo lwendlela yokuvota. Kumazwe athile, uvoteko-vote luye lwaba ngumba orhoxileyo, kunye neqela elinye elikhuthazayo. [FLD:] Olu guqulo lwe-pontimenti.[FT]

Iingenelo Zokomelela Nezokusingqongileyo

Ilungu elisoloko likhangelwa kwi-posi ekuvotelweni luphawu lwalo lokusingqongileyo. Ngelixesha iibhola kunye neemvulophu zephepha zinexabiso lemekobume, ukususa imfuneko yezigidi zabantu ukuqhuba izithuthi ukukhangela izikhululo zinganciphisa umphunga wegesi yerhasi eshushu. I-Convolved uqhubekeko lweposi kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda isetyenziswe zinganciphisa iziphumo zokusingqongileyo. Amanye amagunya acuthe noxwebhu oluneefomatiyo lwezicelo zebholothi nemiyalelo, nangona iphepha lihlala linetyala kwivoti yokwenene. Iinkqubo zexesha elizayo zinganika ukhetho phakathi kwephepha namanani akhuselekileyo, ngecandelo elingaphandle lekharbon.

Isiphelo: Izixhobo Zedemokhrasi Nezolawulo

Imbali yokuvota ityhila imposiso eqhubekayo yokususa iposi ngokubhekiselele ekudityaneni, eqhutywa yimfuneko nakuhlaziywa. Ukusukela kumajoni emfazwe yabemi ukuya kubemi baphesheya, ukusuka kumafama asemakhaya ukuya kwizixeko ezizeleyo, ipostcolot ingqineke ivumelana nemeko. Ikamva layo liya kuphawulwa ngokutshintsha ukusuka kwindlela yokuhambisa iposi ngokugqibeleleyo kwinkqubo edityanisiweyo yokufaka izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye nokulandela indlela esetyenziswayo, ngelixesha eligcina iphepha njengengxelo engundoqo yevoti. Akukho ndlela igqibeleleyo, kodwa indlela elungiselelweyo elungiselelweyo, ephelelingenelweyo kukhetho oluqalayo nokuvota, ulwa kwe-demokhrasi. [FLD:1] Umbono wokugcina iphepha njengembali engundoqo wevotistiki, uyakwazi ukumelana nokufumana imvume elula, kwaye uyakwazi ukuxhasa ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zelizwe lonke.[FLT]