Table of Contents
Kanye ngonyaka, kwisithethe esibhalwe ngenyameko njengayo nayiphi na imveliso ye Broadhway, abona bantu banamandla kurhulumente waseMelika bahlanganisana kwigumbi leNdlu yengubo imo yentetho ye-Union . UMongameli ungena kwintsebenzo yengxolo edumayo, eqhaqhaqhazelisa izandla kwipaseji ephakathi ngokokwaziwa ngokuba "kukubetha nokuzala". Iinkundla eziphezulu zeNkulawula kweNkundla zihlala ngokutyibilikayo kwingubo yabo. Abaphathi basemkhosini bafunda ubundibathathi-nxaxheba kwiyunifomu epheleleyo. Amalungu eBhunga engqungquthela aqhuba iholo evalelwe phezulu kwaye aqhwala okanye ahlala ngamatye axhomekeke kwiqela lawo. Kwaye kulo lonke ilizwe, izigidi zezigidi zelizwe zamazwe abukela lombutho we-ograli yezo yezobupolitiki, i-odsho, kunye ne-demodemodemodemode
Imeko yentetho ye-Union isuka kuThomas Jefferson''s iingxelo ezibhaliweyo ezinikezelwe ngumthunywa kwimiboniso yanamhlanje epheleleyo yeendwendwe ezikhethekileyo, i-odoli eziphilayo, kunye namathuba eentsholongwane. Olu tshintsho lubonakalisa hayi nje ukutshintsha kobugcisa kodwa utshintsho olusisiseko kwindlela oomongameli abasebenzisa ngayo igunya, indlela amaMelika asebenzisa ngayo izobupolitika, kunye noko sikulindeleyo kukhokelo lwedemokhrasi. Ukuqonda imbali nenjongo yalo siko lwahlukileyo kutyhila kakhulu malunga nedemokhrasi yedemokhrasi yeMelika njengawo nayiphi nayiphi na inte-mgalelo okanye utshintsho lwezopolitiko.
Kanti kuyo yonke imbonakalo kunye nemeko yayo, uRhulumente we-Union uhlala usekelwe kwimfuneko elula yomgaqo-siseko yokuba oomongameli bazise iBhunga ngemeko yesizwe. Indlela lo msebenzi uphantsi oye waba yindawo yemidlalo yezopolitiko yexesha eliphambili(/ kwaye nokuba le ndaleko yomeleza okanye ithena amandla olawulo-demokhrasi (icela uvavanyo locoselelo. Idilesi ngexesha elinye ibandakanya amandla amakhulu olawulo-melo lwaseMelika kunye notyekelo olukhathazayo, isebenza njengesikhumbuzo saminyaka leminyaka lesizwe sethu kunye neecawathu ezobupolitika.
Imvelaphi yomGaqo-siseko kunye neengcaciso zokuqala
Ukuzimisela KwamaFramers
Imfuneko yomGaqo-siseko yokunika ingxelo ngomongameli ibonakala phantse njengento ecingelwe emva kwe Article II, Icandelo 3: "Uza kunika ngamaxesha athile ulwazi lweBhunga loBuzwe boMbuso, kwaye ancomele ukuba baqwalasele amaqondo anjalo njengoko eza kugweba ayimfuneko kwaye asebenziseka." Lo mqathango mfutshane, odityaniswe phakathi kwamandla kamongameli ukumisela iBhunga kunye nokwamkela ii-antranders, akanikezeli zinkcukacha malunga nobume, ubuphinda-phindeka, okanye okuqukiweyo.
Ulwimi olungacacanga ````aamaxesha'''.' lubonisa ukungaqiniseki kwe-Framers' ngonxulumano oluphezulu-lukhulu kwinkqubo yabo entsha. Ukulahla zombini ukudityaniswa kwamandla kunye nolwahlulo olunyulu, badala iindawo apho amasebe azakusebenza khona ngobuchule. ISithiligi semfuno ye-Union ibonise le ndlela: oomongameli kufuneka bazise iKhonkle, kodwa indlela abaya kuxhomekeka ngayo kwizithethe ezinxulumene nezidingo zezobupolitika.
Ilungiselelo lasebenza iinjongo ezininzi kulwakhiwo lwabaseki. Laqinisekisa ukuqondwa kwemithetho yezenzo zolawulo kunye neemeko zesizwe, lithintela ulwahlulo oluphazamisa ulawulo. Lanika oomongameli indlela ecwangcisiweyo yokumisela umthetho, ukuvuma indima yabo yokucwangcisa nangona iBhunga linamandla omthetho. Okona kubalulekileyo, lalifuna unxibelelwano lwexesha elithile phakathi kwamasebe anokuthi ngandle koko aphambukele kukwahlukana okanye ubutshaba.
Iingxoxo kwiNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko zityhila ingxubusho encinane yalo lungiselelo, icebisa ukuba lifakwe ngaphandle kwesivumelwano. AmaFreyime asenokuba asuka kwimizekelo yekoloni neyamazwe apho abalawuli babesoloko bethetha nezindlu zowiso-mthetho. Kwakhona babesazi isithethe sobukumkani baseBritane intetho yoKumkani evela kwiThrone[[FLT] [FLT] evula iPalamente, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo babefuna ukuphepha unxulumano lookumkani kunye nayiphi na indlela ephuhlisiwe.
Isalathisi somsebenzi wephondo
UGeorge Washington, eqonda ukuba yonke inyathelo lakhe limisela imizekelo, wanikela umyalezo wokuqala waminyaka le kwiKhomishini equlunqweni ngokobuqu ngoJanuwari 8, 1790. Intetho yakhe emfutshane qha qha qha ngaphaya kwewaka lamabinzana angaphandle, imicimbi yasemkhosini, ityala likawonke-wonke, kunye nemfundo. Isandi esisemthethweni nemilinganiselo ebanzi yeWashington eyalandelwa kangangeenkulungwane: idilesi njengendlela ecacileyo yokuvavanya iimeko zesizwe kunokuba ingqine impikiswano.
Umsitho ojikeleze idilesi yeWashington ebolekiweyo kwisithethe sepalamente yaseBritane lo gama isenza utshintsho lorhwaphilizo. uShahington wahamba ukuya kwiKhomishini kunokuba abize iziwiso-mthetho kuye, avume ukuba ulawulo lomthetho lukwimigaqo-siseko. Zombini ezi zindlu zazilungiselela iimpendulo ezisesikweni kwidilesi, zidala incoko phakathi kwamasebe. Le ngxoxo, ngoxa ihloniphekile, yaseka ukuba iBhunga alizukwamkela nje ulwalathiso lwegunya kodwa liza kuphendula ngokwalo.
Isigqibo sikaWashington sokunikela idilesi minyaka le, nangona ingeyomfuneko ngokomgaqo-siseko, simisela umzekelo ohlala uhleli. Iidilesi zonyaka zadala izingqi zonxibelelwano oluthe rhoqo phakathi kwamasebe kwaye zanika ixesha elithe ngqo lokuhlolwa kwesizwe. Oku kuququzelela urhulumente oselula nokudala ulindelo lukawonke-wonke lokhokelo noxanduva.
Iidilesi zokuqala zasungula umkhwa wokusebenzisa eli xesha ukucacisa ububanzi bokubona kwesizwe ngapha koko kucetyiswayo. IWashington yagxininisa umanyano lwesizwe, ukunyaniseka komGaqo-siseko, kunye nesidima somrhwebi-siseko (iingcebiso ezigqithe kuncopho ezithile zomthetho. lo msebenzi . `ukusebenza kunye nomnqweno ] .[______ukuchaza uRhulumente weedilesi ze-Umanyano lwamazwe onke eMelika.
Imvukelo kaJefferson
Isigqibo sikaThomas Jefferson sokuhambisa umyalezo wakhe wokuqala wonyaka ngokubhala kunokuwunika ngokobuqu siphawule ulwaphuko lwangabom ngomzekelo wobuFendentel. UJefferson wakholelwa ukuba iidilesi ezisesikweni zeWashington kunye noAdam zifana kakhulu nentetho yokumkani waseBritane esuka kwitrone. Imiyalezo ebhaliweyo, waphikisa, wabonisa ubulula obufanelekileyo boriphabliki kwaye waphepha ukuphakamisa umongameli ngaphezu kweBhunga.
Ngapha koko kufuzisela, indlela kaJefferson yabonakalisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo zamandla omongameli kunye nolwalamano lowiso-mthetho. Apho abaququzeleli babona ukhokelo lomongameli njengolubalulekileyo kurhulumente onamandla, [[FLT: 0] uJeffersonian Republics wagxininisa ubungangamsha bomthetho bomthetho [ namandla alinganiselweyo aphezulu. Imiyalezo ebhaliweyo yavuma le ngqungquthela yecawa kunokuba ibonakale phambi kwayo njengeyoMbutho olinganayo okanye ephezulu.
Ukutshintsha imiyalezo ebhaliweyo kwabonisa ukuba izinto ziyasebenza kwezobupolitika. Nangona uJefferson wayeneziphiwo ezininzi, wayengesosakhululo sikawonke-wonke. Ilizwi lakhe elibhityileyo nento awayengayithandiyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwakhe kwenza ukuba unxibelelwano lubhalwe kakuhle. Olu nxibelelwano lobuqu, oluguqulelwe ekubeni ngumgaqo weriphabliki, lwaluza kulawula inkqubela yeminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane, ebonisa indlela ubuntu bomntu obuyilwa ngayo.
Imiyalezo ebhaliweyo kaJefferson yayifundwa ngokuvakalayo ngoomabhalana kwindlu nganye, begcina iimpawu ezithile zesithethe ngoxa besusa ubukho bomongameli. Le nkcazelo idla ngokubangela iimpendulo zowiso-mthetho ezikhawulezileyo, kunye neekomiti eziye zaqalisa ukunikela ingcebiso kumongameli. Lo mkhwa ulondolozo wonxibelelwano oluphezulu lomntu ngeli lixa unciphisa intsingiselo ye-monarchy Jefferson efunyenwe ingamkelekanga.
I-Evolution Yedilesi Yale Mihla
Imisebenzi kaWilson
Isigqibo sikaWoodrow Wilson sokudlulisela umyalezo wakhe wonyaka wewaka linamakhulu asixhenxe abantu saguqula uRhulumente we-Union kwaye safuzisela utshintsho olubanzi kumandla obungamongameli. Isazinzulu sezobupolitika ebesisoloko sixhasa ukhokelo lomongameli olomeleleyo, Wilson wabona ukubonakala kobuqu njengokubalulekileyo [[ ukukhuthaza uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nokunyanzelisa iBhunga. Ukufika kwakhe kobumongameli bokuqala apho ukwenzela umyalezo wonyaka owe-11, kwabonisa ixesha elitsha lombutho wobumongameli.
Wilson wavuselela ukuhanjiswa komlomo ngokuhambelana nokwanda kweXesha leNkqubela lokuThambeka kwamandla noxanduva lomongameli. Njengoko urhulumente wayesingatha iingxaki ezinzima zezoqoqosho nezentlalo, oomongameli babefuna izixhobo zokwakha inkxaso kawonke-wonke ukwenzela iinjongo zamabhongo. Iidilesi zobuqu zivumela oomongameli ukuba bathethe ngqo nabantu kwintloko yeBhunga, baguqulele ingxelo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho kwincoko yesizwe.
Ukusabela kuphuhliso lukaWilson kwaxutywa. Abaxhasi bancoma amandla kunye nokunikezelwa kokhokelo lobuqu okunikezelwe. Abahlalutyi babona ukuphakanyiswa okuyingozi kwegunya lobumongameli kunye nokwaphulwa kwezithethe zobuRhulumentali. Abanye abaququzeleli bayigatya idilesi, bejonga inkangeleko yobuqu njengehlazo kwisidima sowiso-mthetho. Le ngxoxo emalunga nobukho bomongameli yayiza kuphinda iphindeke ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-20 njengoko amandla olawulo oluphezulu ayanda.
I-Wilson abathathi nxaxheba baqala bahluka kwindlela abathetha ngayo. Ukuqina noCoolidge baqhubeke besasaza buqu, kodwa idilesi yeCalvin Coolidge' yakuba yeyokuqala usasazo kunomathotholo , ukongeza umba omtsha kwisithethe. Herbert Hoover, enganelisekanga kukuthetha kwasesidlangalaleni, ejoliswe kwimiyalezo ebhaliweyo. Akufakwanga kwi-Franklin Rooselt isithethe sizakusekwa ngokuqinileyo.
Utshintsho lwe-FDR
Franklin Roosevelt waguqula uRhulumente we-Union waba yimo yayo yale mihla ngohlobo lwayo kunye nento ekhoyo. Iidilesi zakhe, ezinikelwe ngentembelo ebalaseleyo nangobuchule, zaba ziziganeko ezingundoqo zezobupolitika ezathi zayila incoko yesizwe. FDR yaqonda ukuba radio wavumela oomongameli ukuba bathethe ngqo nabemi [, besenza idilesi isixhobo sokukhuthaza uluvo lukawonke wonke kunokuba bazise nje iBhunga.
Idilesi zikaRoosevelt ngexesha loDipatiso-moya neMfazwe Yehlabathi II zabonisa amandla okuthetha komongameli ukukhuthaza nokuqinisekisa ngexesha lengxaki. Iinjongo zakhe zemfazwe ezicacisiweyo zemfazwe zachazwa emhlabeni wonke. U1944 wabiza "IBhili epheleleyo yamalungelo" yachaza umbono wemfazwe yemfazwe enephulo. Ezi ntetho zabonisa indlela uRhulumente weedilesi ze-Union Union ongayicacisa ngayo imibono etshintshayo ngaphandle kwemigaqo-nkqubo ekhawulezileyo.
Idilesi ze Roosevelt ezifakelweyo kunye nezenzo eziphawulekayo zedilesi ze Roosevelt zamisela imizekelo emitsha. Waquka izibheno ezizizo zobuqu kunye nezibheno ezingokweemvakalelo ecaleni kwengxoxo yenkqubo. Wamkela iindwendwe ezikhethekileyo kwi-gallery, imigaqo engekho ngqiqweni. Wasebenzisa ulwimi olulula, olucacileyo olufikelelekayo kubantu abaphulaphule unomathotholo. Ezi zindululo zenza idilesi ibe yeyokudlala imidlalo kwaye ifikeleleke, ukuba ngaba ayibekelwe phantsi kwemithetho.
I-FDR yakwamisela isiko lokusebenzisa idilesi ukubolekisa ngetyala ngokubekwa ityala ngengcebiso yokungaphumeleli. Lo mphetho wobuhlanga, ngexa ungemitsha ngokupheleleyo, wabizwa kakhulu phantsi kwe Roosevelt. i-address yaba yintetho yephulo[ enikwe kweyona plat ephambili yohlanga, ukumisela iipateni ezizakuba zikhule kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo.
Umabonwakude Nomphathi Obonakalayo
UHarry Truman ka1947 uHulumente we-Union waba yidilesi yokuqala ekhutshiweyo, nangona bembalwa abantu baseMelika ababeneseti zikamabonwakude. NgoEisenhower, umabonwakude wayesasazeke kangangokuba izinto ezibonakalayo zedilesi zafumana ukubaluleka. Lyndon Johnson washukumisa idilesi ukuya kwixesha lokuqala ngo1965, ekhuthaza abaphulaphuli bakamabonwakude kwaye eyiguqula yaba ngumboniso wokuzonwabisa kwangokuhlwa kanye nonxibelelwano lwezopolitiko.
Umabonwakude watshintsha ngokusisiseko uphawu lwedilesi. Iziqalelo ezibonakalayo . .Imbonakalo, izimbo, kunye nokudibana kwamalungu , kwathi kwathi kwabaluleke njengamazwi. Iintshukumo zabaphulaphuli, ingakumbi ukuphuma kwe-arhente okanye ukuhlala ngoonobumba, zaba yinxalenye yomboniso. Ukubakho kweendwendwe ezikhethekileyo kwikhaya lembutho kwandisa amabali abantu kwiingxubusho. Idilesi yaba yindawo yemidlalo yezopolitiko apho umsebenzi wawubaluleke kakhulu njengento ekhoyo.
Ronald Reagan wawazi kakuhle umabonwakude-era State ye-Union, esebenzisa uqeqesho lomdlali wakhe ukudlulisela imisebenzi engalibalekiyo. Uphuhliso lwakhe [[FLT: 0] lwamkela "iiihempe kwi galari" . . AmaMerika aqhelekileyo anemiboniso yenkqubo ebonakalisa inkqubo. uLenny Skutnik, owasindisa umfazi otshona emva kokungqubana kwenqwelo-moya, waba ngowokuqala undwendwe olunjalo ngo1982, waboleka igama lakhe kubo bonke abatyeleli bengi bengi bengi bexesha elizayo.
Ithuba likamabonwakude laphinda laqinisa amacandelo emidlalo yemidlalo elwa nocalucalulo. AmaDemocrates namaRiphabliki aqhubeka elungelelanisa iimpendulo zawo ngezantsi, ngokuma, ngokuhlala, ngokuqhwabela ihlombe, okanye ngokuhlala buthule kunye. Ezi zenzo zokubonakalisa inkxaso okanye inkcaso zaba yinxalenye yesigidimi, ukubonisa abaphulaphuli besizwe ucalucalulo lwezopolitiko kumabonwakude kwiizicelo zomongameli. Idilesi yaba yindlela yokubukela iBhunga-Mbutho njengoko liphulaphule umongameli.
ILizwe ElikwiNtlanganiso
Utshintsho Lweminyaka Yamanani
I-Intanethi kunye ne-media yentlalo iguqule uBume be-Union bube yi- isiganeko se-platform ezininzi ukwandisa ngaphaya kwentetho yokwenene. Indlu emhlophe ngoku ikhulula iinguqulelo ezandisiweyo ngemizobo, yenza amathuba entlalo-ntle, kwaye inika amaphepha enyaniso kunye nezinto ezixhasayo kwi-intanethi. Idilesi iba nomxholo we-teets, ii-meet, kunye neevidiyo ze virus, eziqhekekileyo kwaye zinika umyalezo wayo ngendlela ezingakhe zibonwe.
Inyaniso ephilayo ivavanyiwe ifana nedilesi ngokwayo. Imibutho yeendaba namaqela ajonganayo anika uhlalutyo lwexesha lokwenene lwezibhengezo zomongameli, edala utoliko olukhuphisanayo njengoko umongameli ethetha. ] I-socrial jogration mediant [ yenza uphazamiso lwempendulo olunokuthi lugqume idilesi yokwenene. Ixesha elidityanisiweyo lohlanga lwamaxesha angaphambili linikezele kwicandelo, ukusetyenziswa okuditya okuditya.
Abalawuli benqanawa ngoku bathetha ngenkcazelo yezentlalo, kuquka amabinzana amafutshane, angenakulibaleka kunye nexesha elikhumbulekayo elilungiselelwe ukuthatha intsholongwane. Ezona migca ziphumelelayo zezisebenza njengezixhobo zesandi zikamabonwakude kunye nezonxibelelwano lwentlalo. Olu xinzelelo lwexesha leentsholongwane lungafaka ukhuthuzo olugqithisileyo okanye ukuthathela ingqalelo ngaphezu kwengxoxo yenkqubo echanekileyo.
Ukubotshwa kwamanani kuvumela ukuba kubekho inxaxheba kuluntu ngokubanzi. Abahlali bangasabela ngoko nangoko, bathathe inxaxheba, balungelelane nemicimbi ephakanyiswe kwidilesi. IHome emhlophe ingafumana impendulo ngexesha lokwenene kwaye ilungise ukuthumelelana imiyalezo ngendlela efanelekileyo. Oku kwenza idilesi ibe yeyobudemokhrasi kakhulu kwezinye iindlela kodwa ikwazi ukuphatha kakubi kunye nokuxoka.
Inkcaso Yasabela Kwindaleko
Uqheliselo lweziphendu ezisesikweni zenkcaso lwaqala ngempendulo yamaRiphabliki kuLyndon Johnson ngo1966, lubhekisa kwingxelo ecwangcisiweyo elandela ngokukhawuleza emva kwedilesi yomongameli. Le inika impendulo yokwalathisa [ inika umlinganiselo kodwa ikwanika ulwamkelo lwe-Riphabliki, ifaka uRhulumente we-Uni njengomkhosi endaweni yoluvo lwesizwe.
Ucelomngeni lokuphendula kwidilesi kamongameli esuka kwigumbi elingenanto, ngaphandle kwephepha kunye nabaphulaphuli besiganeko esingundoqo, bavelise ukungaphumeleli okuninzi okungalibalekiyo. Ixesha elibi lebhotile likaMarco Rubio lomhla ka-2013 kunye no-Bobby Jindal elidityaniswe kakhulu ngo-2009 libonisa ubunzima bobungangamsha bobumongameli obufanayo. Ezi mpendulo zidla ngokufumana ingqalelo engakumbi kwiigaffes kunokuba zibe yinto ekhoyo, zizenze ityala kwezobupolitika kunokuba zibe ngamathuba.
Iimpendulo ezininzi zixhaphakile njengoko amaqela ahlukeneyo efuna ukunikela iimbono zawo. Ukongeza kwimpendulo esemthethweni yokuchasa i Tea Party, iimpendulo zeNkqubela-phambili, iimpendulo zolwimi lweSpanish, kunye neempendulo zezentlalo-ntle. Olu lwanda lwamazwi lubonakalisa ukwahlukana kwezobupolitika kodwa lunciphisa impembelelo yempendulo enye.
Inkcaso ibangela ukuba umanyano lwemeko lwalo lwakha lwaba sisiganeko esidibanisayo. Ngokukhupha ngoko nangoko umyalezo womongameli ngelens yomququzeleli, ezi mpendulo zithintela kwanolwando lokwexeshana [ lwezicelo ezilungelwayo. Baguqula uRhulumente we-Union ukusuka ekudluliseni ulwazi lube yingxoxo yokuqala kunyaka wengxoxo yezobupolitika.
Ithiyetha kunye nophawu
Ilizwe elikhoyo le-Union liye laba yindawo yokudlala yezopolitiko enobunzima obufuziselayo. Ukungena komongameli, ukoyisa ngokwesithethe, ukubonakalisa amandla okanye ubuthathaka obusekelwe kwihlombe lokuqhwaba. Ukukhetha ukuba ngubani ohlala apho (ilungu leKhabhinethi lihlala kude ukuze liqhubeke lingurhulumente, apho iindwendwe zihlala khona nemiyalezo yezopolitiko yokuqala.)
Ukuziphatha kobukho boluntu ngexesha ledilesi kuya kukhula kwaye maxa wambi kuyadelela. Joe Wilson '`Uyaxoka''. ugqabhuko-dubulo ngexesha ledilesi yonyango yonyaka ka-2009 ka-Obama kunye noNancy Pelosi's obethetha emva konyaka wama-2020 wedilesi uchaza ukuwohloka kwesithethe sokuziphatha. La maxesha, ngelixesha likhwankqisayo kwabanye, ukwandisa isiseko somsebenzi wenkcitho kwaye uvelisa amathuba okunika imali.
Ukubekwa kwe-bipartisan amanqanaba +-brief apho amaqela oma kwaye aqhwatye ihlombe, kwaye aqhwatyelwa khona ngezixhobo zezobupolitika. Abalawuli baquka imigca elungiselelwe ukunyanzela ukuma kwenkcaso, beyenza ibonakale iphazamisa ukuba ihlala ihleli. La maxesha awenziweyo okugquma isigqubuthelo esinzulu sokwahlula amacandelo esizwe ngeli linika umgangatho wesivumelwano esicacileyo sikamabonwakude.
Iindwendwe ezikhethekileyo ziye zasuka kumaqhawe kaReagan ukuya kwintabalala yezopolitiko. Ngoku abameli bamema iindwendwe ezidibanisa zonke izicelo zomgaqo-nkqubo, zidala iimpikiswano ezingokweemvakalelo ezigqitha uphando lwenzululwazi. Amaqela eenkcaso azisa iindwendwe zawo ukuze athethe iingxelo zomongameli. I-Greentele iyimiboniso ephikisanayo yamabali aseMelika, kwicala ngalinye lizibanga limela imilinganiselo yesizwe eyinyaniso.
Umgaqo-siseko neenjongo zedemokhrasi
Ukuguqula Uhlanga
Embilinini wayo, uRhulumente we-Union usebenza injongo esisiseko yedemokhrasi ye eguqula abemi malunga nemeko karhulumente wabo kunye nolwalathiso . Kwixesha lobuninzi bolwazi, idilesi inika ixesha elikhethekileyo xa umongameli enokuthi afumane ingqalelo yesizwe kwingxubusho eyandisiweyo yemibandela emininzi. Lo msebenzi wolwazi, ngexa utshintshwa ngamajelo eendaba angoku, uhlala ufuneka ukuphendula kwidemokhrasi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwengxelo yelizwe yeKhomishini ye-Union kuqinisekisa ukuba oomongameli abanakuyityeshela imiba enzima okanye bajolise ingqalelo kuphela kwimisebenzi elungileyo. Isithethe sokuquka inkqubo yangaphandle neyomkhaya, imicimbi yezoqoqosho neyoluntu, sibangela uxinzelelo loqikelelo olulungeleleneyo. Ngoxa oomongameli begxininisa impumelelo, ubuncinane kufuneka bavume iingxaki ezikhoyo kurhulumente wonke.
Oomongameli bale mihla basebenzisa idilesi ukufundisa uluntu ngemiba entsonkothileyo engafumani ngqalelo ixhaswe. Utshintsho lwemozulu, iimfuno zezibonelelo, okanye utshintsho olugunyazisiweyo lungafumana ingxubusho eneenkcukacha kwiSizwe soMbutho abangenakuyifumana kwimijikelo eqhelekileyo yeendaba. Lo msebenzi wokufundisa unceda ukwenza abemi abanolwazi ngenxaxheba kwidemokhrasi.
Noko ke, uhlobo lwedilesi zanamhlanje luye lulalanisa ixabiso lolwazi lwazo. Xa zonke iingxelo zincitshiswa kwaye zikhangelwa, xa iimpendulo zenkcaso ziphinda zidityanisiwe, abemi bafumana iingxelo ezikhuphisanayo kunokuba zabelane ngolwazi. Idilesi ingazisa, kodwa ikwadida, ishiye abemi belungelelanisa inyaniso ukusuka kumqolo.
Ukuyila IAgenda
Imeko yemisebenzi eluncedo ye-Union ibandakanya ukumisela unyaka ozayo. Oomongameli basebenzisa idilesi ukubeka izinto ngokutsha imibandela, ukucebisa umthetho, kunye nokubeka izikhundla zokulinganisa. Oku kumiselwa kwamandla okumisela ukuma kwengqungquthela, iikhalenda zosasazo, kunye nengxoxo kawonke-wonke emva kweenyanga ezininzi.
Amandla edilesi acwangcisayo akhula njengoko oomongameli beye baba ngabalawuli abayintloko. Oomongameli bale mihla bafika benezindululo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezicazululweyo, umthetho wemposiso, kunye nezicelo ezingqalileyo zesenzo soburhulumente. Uluhlu lwezicelo zokuhlamba iimpahla ezibonisa indima yomongameli njengesiqalo senkqubo kunokuba nje baqalise ulawulo lobungqungquthela.
Kodwa ulwalamano phakathi kwezicelo zeRhulumente ye-Union kunye nempumelelo yokwenene luhlala lunzima. Uphando lubonisa ukuba oomongameli baphumeza inxalenye nje yezicelo zikaRhulumente we-Union, ingakumbi kurhulumente owahlulekileyo. Idilesi ingamisela iingcebiso, kodwa ayinakuqinisekisa ukuba kukho inyathelo. Lo msantsa phakathi kobuchule bobumongameli kunye nempumelelo unegalelo ekugxekeni urhulumente ngokuphumelela.
Ukwanda kwezicelo kwidilesi zale mihla .Njengezihlandlo ezininzi ubuninzi bezinto ezithile eziqwalaselweyo kunye nempembelelo. Xa yonke into iphambili, akukho nto injalo. oomongameli abasebenzisa idilesi [ ukukhankanya amanyathelo ambalwa angundoqo kunokuqwalasela irelatoris, uqonda ukuba imiyalezo eqwalaselweyo iyasebenza.
Ukuthetha Ngokuphandle Ngembono Kawonke - wonke
Abalawuli basebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo uRhulumente we-Union ukuchaza uluvo lukawonke-wonke kucwangciso lwabo. Ngokuthetha ngqo nohlanga, oomongameli banganyanzela iBhunga, ukubumba ingxubusho kawonke wonke, kwaye bakha inkqubela phambili kwizinto zabo eziphambili. Le "Ndlela yoluntu" ichaza idilesi njengokuvulwa kwephulo loloyiso.
Ukuphumelela kwezibheno zomongameli kuyahluka ngokwendlela ezithandwa ngayo ngumongameli, ingxubusho, kunye nemeko yezobupolitika. Oomongameli abadumileyo abathetha ngemibandela enxulumene nenkqubano yoluntu bangavelisa ingcinezelo enkulu kwiKhomishini. Oomongameli abangathandwayo abajongene nenkcaso ethandabuzayo bafumana ukuba ukubhenela kwabo kuphelile. Idilesi inika iqonga, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ukuba baphenjelelwa.
Izixhobo zokunxibelelana nekhompyutha zikhuthaza ukulungiselela uluntu kodwa zikwaqhekeza abaphulaphuli. Abameli abanakuphinda bacinge ukuba inkoliso yabantu baseMerika ibukela idilesi epheleleyo okanye ifumana umyalezo wayo ongacocekanga. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ikhuphe imiyalezo esebenzayo kwiiplatfomu ezininzi ize iqhubeke ichaza amaqumrhu. Oku kuntsonkotha kwenza uluvo lube nzima nakubeni ubugcisa bonxibelelwano buphuculiwe.
Ubume bokwexeshana beRhulumente yempembelelo ye-Union bumisela ummiselo wamandla ayo okuzilungiselela. Uphando lubonisa ukuba iidilesi ezivelisa uluvo olufutshane "lukhawulezileyo" olupheliswayo. Ngaphandle kokuxhathisa, uRhulumente weUnion ucelela ukuba lungavelisi utshintsho oluhlala luhleli. Idilesi ingaqala incoko kodwa inqabile ukuqukumbela.
Impembelelo nobuchule
Inkcitho
Ukukhangela unxulumano phakathi kweSizwe seZindululo zoMbutho kunye nempumelelo yenkqubo elandelayo kutyhila impumelelo esezantsi yomongameli. Uphando lucebisa ukuba oomongameli baphumeze ngokuqengqeleka kwama-40-50% eeMbusweni wabo okhethekileyo we-Union izicelo [, ngempumelelo eyahlukeneyo ngomongo wezobupolitika, ummandla, kunye nobuchule bomongameli.
Urhulumente omanyeneyo uphucula ngokuphawulekayo amazinga empumelelo yomongameli, maxa wambi angaphezulu kwama-70% kwizicelo ezinkulu. Urhulumente owahlukeneyo unciphisa impumelelo ibe ngama-20-30%, kunye nempumelelo ebandakanya ukuvumelana kwe-bipartisan imiba. Olu tshintsho lubalaselisa indlela impumelelo yedilesi exhomekeke ngayo kwisakhiwo sezobupolitika kunokuba ixhomekeke kumandla okuphendula.
Iizicelo zomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle zidla ngokufumana impumelelo ephezulu kuneentshukumo zasekhaya, ezibonakalisa igunya elingaphezulu lomongameli kwimicimbi yehlabathi lonke. Impumelelo yezoqoqosho ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko ```````i-crissis'''''' ivelisa amathuba okuthatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo loxa impumelelo idala ukungakhathali. Izicelo zemigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo zijongene nobunzima obunzima, obunikwa ingxubusho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwazo okuntsonkothile.
Ixesha lezicelo phakathi kwemiqathango yomongameli lichaphazela impumelelo yabo. Iidilesi zonyaka wokuqala zisoloko ziphumelela njengoko oomongameli befumana amaxesha okuphumla kunye neemfuno zonyulo. iidilesi zeminyaka engaphambili ziba ngumnqweno woluhlu [ olunethuba elincinane lokuphumelela njengoko uqwalaselo lutshintsha kulandelelwano. Iidilesi zexesha eliphakathi kufuneka zilandele unyulo lwezinyanzelo olutshintshiweyo.
Imiphumo Yeembono Zabantu
Imeko yedilesi ze-Union ivelisa iziphumo ezinokufumaneka kodwa ezisikelweyo kuluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ireyithingi yemvume yobuongameli idla ngokwandisa 2-3 yeepesenti yeenqaku emva kweedilesi, nangona ezi mpumelelo zidla ngokunyamalala kwiiveki ezimbalwa. iProlity translate translate translate [[[FLT: 1]] ithoba kakhulu, inqabile kakhulu, inqabile ukudlula amanqaku amahlanu angaphaya kwe 5 epesenti kulo naliphi na inqaku.
Idilesi eziphumelele kakhulu kuluvo olushukumayo zabelana ngeempawu ezithile: ukugxininisa ngokucacileyo kwinkalo enye okanye ezimbini, izicelo ezicacileyo kunemigaqo ecacileyo, kunye noqhagamshelwano kwiziganeko zangoku okanye iimeko ezimaxongo. Ithe sasaza, iidilesi zoluhlu lokuhlamba iimpahla zivelisa utshintsho oluncinane loluvo njengoko abaphulaphuli bezama ukwenza imiyalezo emininzi.
Ukwenziwa kwemimandla engaphandle komhlaba kuya kusilela ngamandla okuphembelela. AmaDemocrates kunye namaRiphabliki achaza idilesi enye ngomahluko opheleleyo, kunye nokuqukunjelwa komyalezo okugqithisileyo. I-ependents, eqikelelwayo, ngokugqithisileyo, ikhupha iintetho zobupolitika ngokupheleleyo. Indalo enokuba nempembelelo kubabukeli iyancipha nyaka ngamnye.
Inkcazo yamajelo eendaba kunye nokutolika zibaluleke ngaphezu kwedilesi yoluvo lukawonke-wonke. Indlela imibutho yeendaba emisela ngayo intetho, ngawaphi amaxesha egxininisa kuwo, kwaye ngawaphi uhlalutyo enikela ulwamkelo lukawonke-wonke ngaphezu kwamagama angomongameli. Abameli bamazwe ngokuqhubekayo abanako ukulawula umyalezo wabo [ xa ingena kwimekobume ye-media yezoshishino.
Ilifa Lembali
Ezinye iidilesi ze-Union zifumana ukubaluleka okuhlala kuhleli ngexa ezininzi zingabonakali zikwindawo engacacanga. Iidilesi ezikhumbulekayo zibandakanya inkqubo yokuhamba, iimpendulo zoxakeko, okanye iintshayelelo ezifuna impendulo [[[FLT: 1] ezigqitha kumongo wazo okufuphi.
Imigaqo ecacileyo yeFDR "Inkululeko Yethu" yedilesi eyayila ulungelelwano lwezizwe ngezizwe emva kwemfazwe. Intetho ka-1946 yeLBJ ekuqaliseni imfazwe kwiinkqubo zobuhlwempu ezakha iinkqubo ezisindileyo namhlanje. Ngonyaka kaReagan ka1982, idilesi echaza amagosa eencwadi yatshintsha ulungiselelo ngokusisigxina. Ezidilesi zafumana iziphumo ezihlala zihleliyo ngokubona, ngexesha okanye ulwahlulo.
Idilesi ezininzi, nokokuba, zilibaleke phantse ngoko nangoko. Iincwadi ezinde zezicelo, utshintsho lolwandiso, kunye neengongoma zokuthetha ezibonisa iidilesi zokoqobo azinanto ihlala ihleli. Kwanabalawuli bazama ukukhumbula uBuzwe babo be-Union ukususela kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Impixano yelizwe langoku le-Union ithetha ngobuninzi obuphindaphindiweyo bonxibelelwano lomongameli lunciphisa naluphina uhlobo lwedilesi. Xa oomongameli bethetha, amazwi abo ayenobunzima obukhethekileyo. Ngoku, ngeengxelo zomongameli zemihla ngemihla, iidilesi zeveki, kunye nezixhobo ezithe rhoqo zezentlalo, isiteji se- sesinye nje isigama solwimi [[[[FLT: 1]], ngokunjalo nentengiso ye-ase-asethi.
Ukugxekwa Nezindululo Zokuguqula Indalo
Ingxaki Yoludwe Lwemibhobho
Ilizwe le-Contemporary yeedilesi ze-Union liye lajika laba ziincwadi ezinde zezicelo ezichukumisa yonke inkupho ekhoyo. Idilesi zakutshanje zichaza umlinganiselo wamagama angaphezu kwe 6 000 kwaye zigqibele ngaphezu kweyure, ukuvavanya ingqalelo yobaphulaphuli kunye nokucola intsalela. [[FLT: 0]]" uluhlu lokufikelela "ukufikelela lubonakalisa iingcinezelo zezobupolitika ukuvuma nayiphi na into esebenzayo neyinkupho kodwa lujongela phantsi impumelelo yedilesi.
Uludwe loluhlu lwempahla lwavela kwimiba emininzi. Amaqela anomdla alindele ukuvunywa kwezinto zawo eziza kuqala. Amalungu equmrhu afuna izicelo zawo zowiso-mthetho zikhankanyiwe. Ukhuthuzo lweenkonzo zolwazi lwenkqubo. Oomongameli boyika ukushiya nayiphi na imiqondiso yokulahlwa kwemiba. Ezi zingcinezelo zidala iidilesi ezanelisayo ezingaphakathi ngoxa abaphulaphuli ngokubanzi bekruqula.
Abagxeki baphikisa ngokubuyela kwidilesi ezimfutshane, ezigxininisiweyo ezicacisayo ukubona okuphangaleleyo kunokuba zifakelwe iinkcukacha. Umongameli angasebenzisa idemokhrasi ngokucacisa inyathelo elibini okanye ezintathu elingundoqo kunokukhankanya ngokukhankanya uninzi. Imiyalezo esetyenziswayo [[[FLT: 1] ingaba yeyona ingenakulibaleki, enokwenziwa, kwaye inyaniseke nzulu ngobalawuli.
Kodwa iinyaniso zezobupolitika zenza kube nzima. Zonke iimbambano ezishiyiweyo ziba ncinci kubuchule obuthile. Amaqela abachasi asebenzisa izixhobo zokususa izinto njengobungqina bokungahoywa komongameli. Idilesi ebanzi, nokuba ayisetyenziswa, inika isigqubuthelo sezobupolitika njengokuba isenza unxibelelwano lungasebenzi.
Ingxaki Yethiyetha Egalel ’ Ithamsanqa
Ulwahlulo olukhulayo lwelizwe leedilesi ze-Union lunciphisa amathuba abo okumanyanisa. Umboniso we [FLT: 0] Diocrats kunye namaRepublicans abandakanyeka ekumeni nasekuhlaleni [, iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo zenkcaso, kunye nolo lwezentlalo lwezixhobo zokulwa luguqula oko kusenokuba lixesha lesizwe kwimfazwe.
Abanye bacebisa ukuba kuncitshiswe utshintsho ukuze kuncitshiswe imidlalo yeqonga: izihlalo ezidityanisiweyo kunokuba zifakwe izithintelo zeqela, ukumisa imida, okanye ukubuyela kwimiyalezo ebhaliweyo. Abanye bacebisa ukuba kwahlulwe imfuneko yomgaqo-siseko yokwazisa iBhunga lombutho kawonke wonke, mhlawumbi ngengxelo ebhaliweyo eyongezwe ziidilesi zikawonke wonke.
Indima yesixhobo sokusasaza iimfazwe zolwamkelo lwe-arhente ifanele iqwalaselwe. Igalelo lijoliswe kwabaphumeleleyo kwezobupolitika nakwabo bangaphumeleliyo, kumadabi enyani, nakumathuba eqonga eqonga kunokuba kuqwalaselwe ingxubusho ephantsi. Oku kugxininisa kwimpikiswano yokuqulathwe ngaphezulu kokuqulethwe kubangela ukuba ukuziphatha okuthe kratya okuthe kratya kuqhubeke.
Kanti ukwahlukana kukwabonisa ucalucalulo lokwenyaniso lwezopolitiko olungenakubhalwa ngaphezulu. Umanyano olungxamisekileyo lukho xa lungafezeki njongo yedemokhrasi. Mhlawumbi ukubonakaliswa kokunyaniseka kwecandelo lezobupolitika, nangona lingathandeki, lusebenza kakuhle kulawulo-melo kunokuvumelana kobuxoki.
Ezinye iimodeli kunye nezindululo
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinokungeniswa kubume belizwe be-Union zicetyiwe okanye zavavanywa ngazo. Ezinye zicebisa idilesi eziqwalaselweyo kunyaka wonke kunokuba ibe nye intetho ebanzi. Abanye bacebisa iifomati zokuphendula iimpendulo zee-arhente okanye abemi.
Imizekelo yehlabathi inika umahluko obangel ’ umdla. IMibuzo yeNkulumbuso yaseBritane inika uxanduva lwezongquzulwano rhoqo. Iidilesi zeMongameli waseFransi ezinqabileyo ezigcina iPalamente zigcine isihlandlo esisodwa sombizaneko womhlaba. Ingxelo yezobugcisa yeJamani zininzi zithintela ibala lemidlalo yeqonga laseMelika. Imodeli nganye ibonisa izithethe ezahlukeneyo zedemokhrasi kunye namalungiselelo eenkqubo.
Ubugcisa bunika amathuba amatsha. Inyaniso yenyani ingavumela abemi ukuba "bafake idilesi". Iimpawu ze-intanethi ezisebenzisanayo zinganika ubunzulu obungenakwenzeka kwiintetho. Ubuchule bokwenza izinto bunokuzenza zikwazi ukulungiselela imiyalezo yabaphulaphuli abahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi zintsha zinokuphuhlisa ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi okanye iziqwenga ezabelana ngamava.
Abanye oomongameli baye bazama ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Idilesi yonyaka ka1997 yaba yeyokuqala yosasazo kwi-intanethi. I-Obama yaba nguvulindlela owandisa iinguqulelo zamanani. Idilesi ka-Trump's 2019 yeyona indala kumashumi eminyaka. ibiden's 2021 idilesi yeverhe-bhastile ukubonisa ukuba abekho abambalwa abanokukwazi ukumelana neemeko.
Imeko Yamaqhina Ngamaxesha Obunzima
Ukuhlaselwa Yimfazwe Nokhuseleko
Imeko yeedilesi ze-Union ngexesha lemfazwe okanye ukhuseleko luthwala ubunzima obukhethekileyo kwaye lusebenze imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Ezidilesi kufuneka zilungelelanise ukubonakala ngaphaya kokhuseleko, inkxaso yenkxaso yokhupho ngaphandle kobuchule bokwambula, kwaye zigcine imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ngexesha uvuma imingeni.
Iidilesi zemfazwe ze-FDR zalawula ngobuchule ezi ngxaki. Idilesi yakhe ka1942, eyanikelwa emva kweeveki emva kweZibuko idibanise uluvo olusengqiqweni lweengxaki zomkhosi kunye nokuqiniseka kokungasileli ncam. Ukulungelelana kwakhe ngenyaniso nempembelelo kwanceda ukugcina ikhaya likho kakuhle namaxesha obumnyama.
George W. Bush's emva kwe-9/11 iidilesi zaguqula inkqubo yamanye amazwe kunye nokhuseleko lwasekhaya. U-2002 "umgca ohamba embi" wendlela yokuyila ulwalamano lwehlabathi lonke kangangeminyaka. Ezi dilesi zabonisa indlela oomongameli abanokusebenzisa ngayo ungquzulwano lwesizwe ukwakha inkxaso yeenguqu ezinkulu zenkqubo, ezilunge ngakumbi okanye ezingaphezulu.
Ucelomngeni lweedilesi zemfazwe lubandakanya ukulondoloza ityala lolawulo-moya lobudemokhrasi ngexesha lokukhusela ukhuseleko olusebenzayo. Oomongameli kufuneka bazise iNgqungquthela kunye noluntu ngaphandle kokunceda iintshaba. Olu xinezeleko luye lwakhokelela ekuphikisaneni nokubekwa kwelungelo eliphezulu nokubekwa umda wolawulo-demokhrasi.
Ukudodobala Kwezoqoqosho
Iidilesi zengxaki yezoqoqosho zijongene nocelomngeni olwahlukileyo: ukuchaza imiba entsonkothileyo yemali, ukugcina intembelo ngexesha uvuma iingxaki, kunye nenkxaso yokwakha kusoloko kubuhlungu amayeza. Ezi dilesi kufuneka zifikelele kubantu abaninzi //ii-market, abemi, kunye namaqabane amazwe ngamazwe (___namanye amaxesha kukhe kudibane imiyalezo.)
Iidilesi ze-FDR zodandatheko-era ezisungulweyo ukwenzela unxibelelwano lwengxaki yezoqoqosho. Ukudibanisa kwakhe ukwamkela ngokuphandle imingeni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba unokuzisombulula kwanceda ukubuyisela uluntu ekuzithembeni. Ukusebenzisa kwakhe izigewu ezilula nemizekelo ecacileyo yenza ukuba imicimbi yezoqoqosho entsonkothileyo ifikeleleke kubemi abaqhelekileyo.
Intetho ka-Obama ka-2009 ngexesha lobuNqamlezo obuKhulu yajamelana nocelomngeni lokuchaza ungenelelo olungazange lubonwe kuluntu oluthandabuza. Imigudu yakhe yokulungelelanisa ukuvunywa komsindo kawonke-wonke kunye nokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kodwa olungathandwayo yabonisa ubunzima bezobupolitika kulawulo lwengxaki kumaxesha aqhekekileyo.
Ubuntlola bobugcisa bemeko yezoqoqosho zanamhlanje bucinezela ubuchule bonxibelelwano lomongameli. Oomongameli bangazichaza njani iimeko zokungagqibeki zokuthelekisa, ukuncitshiswa komlinganiselo, okanye ukubonelelwa kwemali ngemixokelelwano yomhlaba wonke ngendlela ezifikelelekayo? I- ISigorime sefomati ye-Union [, kunye nexesha layo elithintelayo kunye neholo yezopolitiko, zingangafanelwanga kakuhle kwimisebenzi yemfundo enjalo.
Ukugula kwempilo kawonke-wonke
Isifo se-COVOID-19 sadala ucelomngeni olungazange lubonwe kwilizwe lesithethe se-Union. Idilesi kaBiden ka-2021 kwiBhunga elinomgama woluntu elinentengiso engqinelanayo ebonakalisa inkxwaleko ngeli xesha isigidimi sakhe silungelelanisiweyo sithemba lokugonywa ngemfuno eziqhubekayo zokuphapha.
Ingxaki yempilo kawonke-wonke ifuna oomongameli kwi- abanokungaqiniseki kwezenzululwazi ngexesha ukulondoloza intembelo yoluntu. Kufuneka bakhuthaze ukuthobela amanyathelo obomi obuluntwini ngaphandle kokwenza uloyiko. Kufuneka balungelelanise inkxalabo yezoqoqosho neyezempilo esoloko ingqubana. Ezi miyalezo entsonkothileyo ibangela uxinzelelo kuMbuso wobume be-Union Union.
Xa amanyathelo asisiseko empilo kawonke wonke eba ziimpawu zezobupolitika, iikhelingi zomongameli azinakuvumelana. URhulumente weUnion uba yenye yeemfazwe zenkcubeko kunokuba umanyanise ukhokelo lwesizwe.
Ikamva Lelizwe Lomanyano
Ubuchule bobugcisa obungafumanekiyo
Ubugcisa bokudibanisa bungaguqula urhulumente wamava omanyano. Inyaniso ekhoyo kunye nongezelelweyo [ ingavumela abemi ukuba "babe" kwigumbi lendlu okanye kwiimfaniso zenkqubo zokusebenzisana. Ubukrelekrele obusebenzisa ubuchule bunganikezela ngokhangelo lwento kunye nohlalutyo olusekelwe kumgangatho wobuqu nolwazi.
Uhlolo lwexesha lokwenene kunye nohlalutyo lwezimvo lungavumela oomongameli balungise imiyalezo ngexesha lokuhanjiswa, bedala amandla kunokuba benze iidilesi ezithe ngqo. I-tabckchain ingenza uvotelo olucacileyo kwizicelo zomongameli, iguqulele ujongo olungasebenziyo kwinxaxheba. Imidibaniso yemida ingavumela ulawulo-melo oluthe ngqo kuvavanyo lwengqondweni yobuninzi.
Kanti ubugcisa bungaphinda buqhekene namava esizwe. Ukuba wonke umntu ufumana idilesi efanayo, ngaba siyalahlekelwa sisizathu esifanayo sokucinga ngedemokhrasi? Ukuba ngaba ubukho obuziinyani buthatha indawo yobukho bokwenyama, ngaba esi siganeko siphelelwa ngamandla aso? Ubugcisa bunika amathuba, kodwa imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi kufuneka ikhokele.
Ucelomngeni lubandakanya ukugcina uBuzwe bemisebenzi yedemokhrasi ye-Union ngeli xesha luqhelanisa notshintsho lobugcisa. Ukulungisa makunyuswe kunokubuyiselwa [ ugwebo, ucwangciso, kunye nokuphendula kwidemokhrasi efunekayo.
I-Evolution engenisa inkqubo
ISizwe sekamva le-Union sixhomekeke ngokwengxenye kwindaleko ebanzi yedemokhrasi yaseMelika. Ukuba iKhomishini iqinisekisa kwakhona amagunya ayo omgaqo-siseko, idilesi ingabuyela ekubeni yingxelo kwindlu yowiso-mthetho kunokuba ibe sisibheno kwintloko yayo. Ukuba ihlaziyo iqhubeke, inokuba yimidlalo yemidlalo yeqonga egcina imimandla ehlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuqhatha ubuhlanga.
Kunokuvela amanye amalungiselelo. Amaxesha ombuzo obekiweyo womongameli phambi kokuba iKhomishini ithathise okanye ithathe indawo yeedilesi zonyaka. Urhulumente weKhabhinethi angahambisa iimbopheleleko zonxibelelwano. [[FLT: 0] umgaqo-nkqubo wedemokhrasi [[FLT: 1] ungawugqitha ngokupheleleyo umbutho wabameli.
Ulwalamano phakathi kwamandla orhulumente norhulumente lungaphinda lutshintshe umsebenzi wedilesi. Ukuba oorhulumente baba ngabaguquleli abaphambili benkqubo, ucwangciso lomongameli aluyi ndawo incinci. Ukuba amandla orhulumente ayaqhubeka akhula, inzuzo yedilesi ibalulekile. Olu tshintsho lokwakha lungaguqula ngokusisiseko uRhulumente wendima ye-Union.
Umanyano lwezizwe ngezizwe lungafuna iindlela ezintsha zonxibelelwano lwedemokhrasi ukudlula imida yesizwe. Ingaba bekunokubakho iidilesi zeLizwe lezizwe ngezizwe le-Union kwimimandla edityanisiweyo? Uza kusebenza njani umsebenzi wolawulo-demokhrasi kwiindawo ezilawulwa yihlabathi lonke? Le mibuzo icela ukucel
Isiphumo: Injongo yeSizwe seAddress ye-Union
Imeko yedilesi ye-Union isuka kuThomas Jefferson' ebhaliweyo ukuya kwingxelo zanamhlanje zemiboniso emininzi yemedia, kodwa umsebenzi wayo wedemokhrasi obalulekileyo uyaqhubeka: ukwenza ixesha xa umphathi oyintloko welizwe kufuneka aphendule ekuhleni ukulawulwa nokucebisa ngemigaqo yexesha elizayo. Lo mGaqo-siseko, nokuba utshintshwa ngobugcisa kunye nezobupolitika, ugcina unxulumano olubalulekileyo phakathi kweenkokeli nabemi, phakathi kwamasebe karhulumente, naphakathi kwexesha elidlulileyo nekamva leMelika.
Intetho iquka uxinezeleko olubangelwa kukulawulwa kwedemokhrasi. Kufuneka lwazise ngoxa ulucenga, lumanyanisa ngeli xesha luvuma ulwahlulo, lukhuthaza ngexa luhlala luyinyaniso. Lunceda abaphulaphuli abaninzi abanezilangazelelo ezingqubanayo . "IChorever" nabemi, amakhaya kunye nezizwe ngezizwe, abaxhasi kunye nabachasi. Olu ngquzulwano alunakuconjululwa kodwa kufuneka lulungiswe, kwaye indlela esizilawula ngayo i-demokhrasi yethu ityhile iimpawu zethu.
Ukugxekwa kweSizwe se-Union (ii-Imfesitho, icandelo localucalulo, kunye nemidlalo yaseqongeni) kubonakalisa inkxalabo ebanzi ngempilo yedemokhrasi yaseMelika. Xa idilesi iba ngumlo odityanisiweyo kunokuba ibe yincoko yesizwe, ibonisa ukungalungelelani okunzulu kwezobupolitika. Kodwa ukuzingisa kwesithethe ngemfazwe yamakhaya, udandatheko, kunye nesiphithiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi kucebisa ukuba kuqhubekeke oko kudlulela kwixesha elithile lezobupolitika.
ISizwe se-Union asingombandela kuba nayiphina idilesi itshintsha imbali, ``few''' kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukuqokelelwa kwala maxa onyaka kudala ingxoxo eqhubekayo phakathi kweenkokeli nabemi efunekayo kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Kwaneedilesi ezibuthathaka zisebenza ngedemokhrasi ngokunyanzela oomongameli ukuba bachaze imibono, iiKhomishini, kunye nabemi ukuba babandakanyeke kulwalathiso lukarhulumente wabo.
Ukukhangela phambili, uRhulumente we-Union uza kuqhubeka uhambelana nedemokhrasi yaseMelika ngokwayo. Ubugcisa obutsha buza kuguqula ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukutshintsha kwamanani oluntu nolungelelwaniso lwezobupolitika kuya kutshintsha okuqulathwe kuyo kunye nolwamkelo lwayo. Imingeni yezizwe ngezizwe iza kuphinda ijongeke phambili kwaye isebenziseke. Ngolu tshintsho, imfuneko yedemokhrasi esisiseko, kufuneka iinkokeli zisoloko zizicacisele kubantu.
Umlinganiselo wempumezo kaRhulumente wempumelelo ye-Union asikuko ukulinganiswa komboniso kamabonwakude okanye ukuvotelwa kodwa nokuba igcina ukubutyala okunentsingiselo kwedemokhrasi kumaxesha atshintshayo. Ingaba inyanzela oomongameli ukuba balwe neengxaki ezinzima? Ingaba inika abemi ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwidemokhrasi? Ingaba idala indawo, nokuba incinane okanye ayifezeki, ukucamngca kwesizwe kwiingxaki ezifanayo? Le mibuzo ibaluleke ngaphezu komgangatho wemveliso okanye impumelelo yempendulo.
Kubemi, iRhulumente ye-Union inika ithuba laminyaka le lokuhlola kungekuphela nje ukusebenza komongameli kodwa impilo yedemokhrasi. Idilesi ityhila iimbambano ezifumana ingqalelo, amazwi abo avakalayo, nendlela impucuko yezobupolitika eguquka ngayo. Ukuqwalasela ngokunzulu/_ukungalwamkeli kwabo oomongameli ngokungacingisi okanye ukubalandula ngokuphandle okanye ukubonakalisa izihlunu zedemokhrasi eziyimfuneko kwi-demokhrasi.
Imbali yeSizwe se-Union ifundisa ukuba izithethe zedemokhrasi kufuneka zilungelelanise ukuqhubekeka nokutshintsha. Imfuno yomgaqo-siseko ihlala ihleli, kodwa imbonakalo yayo ihambelana neemeko ezintsha. Olu tshintsho alunikezeli kwiingcinezelo zangoku kodwa luxhomekeke kubuchule obufunekayo bedemokhrasi. Ngokuqonda le mbali kwaye bebandakanyeka nale sithethe sijikayo, abemi bathatha inxaxheba kwiprojekthi eqhubekayo yolawulo lwedemokhrasi yokuba uRhulumente we-Uni, ekulungeni kwayo, idityani.
Logama nje idemokhrasi yaseMerika isaqhubeka, kufuneka oomongameli bazicacisele kwiBhunga nabantu. Indlela abaya kuqhubeka ngayo benjalo, kodwa umgaqo wedemokhrasi wokuziphendulela rhoqo, uwonke-wonke awupheli. URhulumente we-Union, kuzo zonke iimpazamo nonxunguphalo lwawo, ugcina olu nxulumano lubalulekileyo phakathi kweengcamango zobuMelika kunye nento yokwenene yezobupolitika, phakathi kweemfuno zomgaqo-siseko kunye neeminqweno zedemokhrasi, phakathi korhulumente esinawo kunye nalowo sizabalazela ukuwenza ngokuqhubekayo.
Ongezelelweyo Oovimba
Abo banomdla wokuhlola iLizwe leNtlanganiso kunye nohlalutyo olubhekele phambili, iprojekthi yoLawulo lwaseMelika inika imibhalo epheleleyo yayo yonke idilesi ye-Union kunye nogcino-lwazi olubanzi malunga nokunikezelwa nolwamkelo lwabo. Ugcino-Mali lwelizwe [ lunika umongo wembali kunye noshicilelo lwevidiyo olubonisa indaleko yesithethe esibalulekileyo sedemokhrasi ukusuka kwiziganeko zaleksi.
