Ukwazisa: Intsingiselo Ehlala Ihleli Yamalungelo omGaqo-siseko

Ingcamango yamalungelo omgaqo-siseko kunye nenkululeko yakha intsingiselo esisiseko yamalungelo omgaqo-siseko kunye neendawo zedemokhrasi zale mihla. La malungelo asuka kwinkululeko yokuthetha nenkululeko yonqulo ukuya kwinkqubo efanelekileyo nekhuselwa ngokufanayo, asiyomigaqo engekho ngqiqweni kodwa yimigaqo ekhoyo eye yabunjwa ziinkulungwane zemfazwe, ingxoxo yentanda-ntanda-bulumko, kunye nenkqubo esemthethweni. Ukuqonda indaleko yala malungelo akhoyo embalini ibalulekile ekuqondeni imvelaphi yawo kwaye ilindele iingxaki ezikhoyo kwihlabathi eliguquka ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza. Ukusuka kwimithetho yamandulo ukuya kumaxwebhu akwingqokelela embali yeNkleintelekiso, isizukulwana ngasinye siye sanegalelo ekudibanisweni kweminye iintsoko ekhoyo ngoku. Eli nqaku libonisa ukuba uhambo, ukuhlola inkqubela, kunye nokusebenza kwamalungelo omgaqo-siseko, ngoxa kugxininiswafuneka ukuze alondolo yaye anwe.

Isiseko Samalungelo Nolawulo Lwamandulo

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba ibinzana elithi “isivumelwano” lingene kwintetho yezopolitiko, impucuko yamandulo yayinemibuzo esisiseko malunga nobulungisa, igunya, kunye nenkululeko yomntu ngamnye. Imbewu yamalungelo omgaqo-siseko ingafunyanwa kwimithetho esemthethweni yase Mesopotamia, njengemithetho kaHammurabi (i-Inci 1754 BCE), eyasungula umgaqo wesohlwayo solungelelwano kunye nengcamango yokuba imithetho mayibhalwe kwaye yaziwe kubo bonke abantu. Noko ke, yayikho kwiGrisi nakwiRoma yamandulo apho iingcamango ezicwangcisiweyo zobumi kunye nenkuselo esemthethweni zavela khona.

Ulawulo - melo LwaseAthene Nomthetho

E-Athene ebudeni benkulungwane yesihlanu yeBCE, utshintsho lukaSolon kunye noCleisthenes kamva lwaseka uhlobo lwedemokhrasi engqalileyo apho abemi bamadoda abakhululekileyo babenokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindibano zewignome. Ama-Athene akwaphuhlisa ingcamango ye-isomilia ukulingana phambi komthetho, kwaye kwalandula ukuba kwanejaji babephantsi kwemiqathango esemthethweni. Ngoxa la malungelo ayekude kakhulu (amabhinqa, abafazi, abakhonzi, nabemi basemzini), uvavanyo lwase-Athene lubonise oko kulawulwa yimithetho eyahlukeneyo enika amandla abantu kunye nomlinganiselo wokusebenza kwegunya.

Umthetho WaseRoma Nengqiqo Yobuntu

IRome Republic kunye noBukhosi baseRoma kamva banikela ngokuphawulekayo kulwakhelo lwamalungelo. ITheyibhile yeshumi elinesibini (451-450 BCE) yafaka umthetho wamaRoma yaza yawenza walula kubemi, iseka imigaqo efana nelungelo lokuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo nokuzikhusela. Kamva, izigwebi zamaRoma zaphuhlisa ingcamango u-iahismorefe [[[FLT: 1]] (umthetho wendalo) kunye no-ius gentium [[FLT] [umthetho woluntu], owawukholelwa ukuba amalungelo athile ayeyinxalenye yabantu bonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngummi. Le ngcamango yayizakuba nengcuphelo oluthe ngeendlela zoluntu. Isithethe samaRoma sakhankatha imbono engoko yomthetho osemthethweni olinganayo, isiseko sokhuseleko lomthetho wangoku.

IMagna Carta Nokuqala Korhulumente Olinganiselweyo

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zibalaseleyo kwimbali yamalungelo omgaqo-siseko yiMagna Carta, eyatyotyelwa ngowe - 1215 nguKumkani uJohn waseNgilani phantsi kwengcinezelo evela kwiinguqu zemikhosi yemvukelo. Nangona ekuqaleni yayinenjongo yokusombulula imbambano yetyala, ilifa elihlala lihleli leli thambeka lixhomekeke ekuchazeni kwayo imigaqo eyayidlula kumongo wayo wamaxesha aphakathi.

Amalungiselelo Abalulekileyo Nelifa Lawo

IMagna Carta yayinamabinzana angama- 63, amaninzi athetha ngezikhalazo ezingqalileyo, kodwa amacandelo amaninzi aba sisiseko kwingcinga yamva yomgaqo-siseko. Umzekelo, uClause 39, wavakalisa ukuba “akukho mntu okhululekileyo oya kuthi abanjwe okanye avalelwe entolongweni... ngaphandle komgwebo osemthethweni woontanga bakhe okanye umthetho welizwe." Oku kuchazwa ngokubanzi njengokuqinisekisiwa kwasekuqaleni kwenkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nelungelo lokuvavanywa ngokufanelekileyo. UClaus u-40 uthembisa ukuba okusesikweni akuyi kuthengiswa, okanye kukhatywa. Ngoxa iMagna Carta isebenzisa kuphela kubantu abakhululekileyo (ngeyo ngexesha elincinane), isiko, ukuchaza kwayo kwakhula iinkulungwane ezininzi, amaxwebhu akhuthazayo njengesingesingesiXhobe (1689) kunye nomGqululo-U.

IMagna Carta yakwavelisa ingcamango yokuba ukumkani wayengekho ngaphezulu kumthetho .Ingcamango yemvukelo eyacel ’ umngeni ilungelo lobuthixo lookumkani. Impembelelo yayo ingabonwa kwimiboniso ebhaliweyo yamva yeBritane enjengesicelo sasekunene (1628), eyalela ukuvalelwa kwetyala kwamajoni ngokungekho mthethweni, kunye neHaveas Corpus Act (1679), eyabethelela ilungelo lokucel' umngeni wobukhobo obungekho mthethweni. Ithala leencwadi laseBritani linika ikopi edityaniswe ngokwemiqathango yeMagna Carta, ibonisa ukubaluleka kwalo ngokwembali.

Abacinga Ngokukhanyiselwa Nentanda - bulumko Yamalungelo

Ukukhanyiselwa kwenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18 kwavelisa utshintsho olukhulu kwiingcamango zobupolitika, ukusuka kwigunya lobuthixo okanye elilifa kuye ekuqiqeni ngokusekelwe kumthetho wendalo nakulawulo lomntu ngamnye. Iingcali zezakhono zale mihla zabeka isiseko sobulumko kumalungelo ale mihla omgaqo-siseko ngokuphikisa ngelithi oorhulumente bafumana ilungelo labo ngokuvuma kwabo bayalawulwayo yaye bamele bakhusele inkululeko yabo yemfuza.

UJohn Locke Namalungelo Emvelo

John Locke’s Isivumelwano soburhulumente sasinempembelelo ngokukhethekileyo [1689]. Locke waphikisa ngelithi kwimeko yendalo, bonke abantu banamalungelo emvelo obomi, inkululeko, kunye nempahla. Injongo karhulumente, walwa, kukukhusela la malungelo, kwaye ukuba urhulumente uyawaphula, abemi banelungelo lokuvukela. Iingcamango zomthetho ziphembelela ngokuthe ngqo iMelika yeSindululo senkululeko kunye neSibhengezo samaFrentshi samaLungelo oMntu nesoMveli. Ukugxininisa kwakhe amalungelo empahla kubandakanya ulawulo lwanamhlanje lwezoqoqosho. [[FLT.2:]

UMontesquieu Nokwahlukana Kwamagunya

Baron de Montesquieu, Umoya woMthetho [1748], oxhaswe ukwahlulwa kwamandla karhulumente abe ngabaphathi-mikhosi, awisigqeba, namasebe agwebayo. Waphikisa ngelithi amandla okunikela ingqalelo kwinto enye ekhokelela kubuzwilakhe obukhokelela kwintswela-mandla ````ingqiqo eyaba simbombo se-U.S.' umGaqo-siseko we-Montesquieu qinisekisa ukuba akukho sebe linye linokuphazamisa amalungelo ngaphandle kokuvavanya abanye, umgaqo ohlala ubalulekile ekukhuseleni inkululeko yemithetho.

URousseau Nolongamo Lwehlabathi Oluthandwayo

Ingcamango kaJean-Jacques Rousseau ‘ yokufumana ulawulo olusesikweni kumthetho we- igxininisa ukuba ulawulo lokwenyaniso luhlala nabantu bonke. Ngoxa iingcamango zikaRousseau zinokuchazwa njengenkxaso yokuqokelela i-demokhrasi, kwakhona zaqinisa ingcamango yokuba imithetho mayibonakalise okulungileyo komntu omnye kwaye abemi banelungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kumthetho. Le ngcamango yolawulo lokwenyaniso iphembelela imikhosi yolawulo lwedemokhrasi exhathileyo emhlabeni wonke.

Imvukelo YaseMerika Nesiqinisekiso Samalungelo

Akukho siganeko sinye senze okungaphezulu ekufakeni amalungelo omgaqo-siseko amiselwe kwimicimbi yezopolitiko kuneMvukelo yaseMerika (1775-1783). Izikhalazo zoonononia ngokuchasene nolawulo lwamaBritane ````ISibhengezo senkululeko'') esathi sasebenza ngokuchasene “kwamalungelo athile angaphambukeliyo'. Kuquka“ Ubomi, Inkululeko nokufuna Ulonwabo.” Ukuqulungwa komGaqo-siseko we-U.S. ngo1787 kunye neBhili lamaLungelo ngo1791 kwayila imodeli yokhuseleko olubhaliweyo lwemithetho-siseko eyathi izizwe ezininzi kamva zifumane igalelo.

Isibhengezo Sokuzimela Ngokwakhe Njengendawo Ekwakubonakala Kuyo Amalungelo

Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration yasebenzisa kakhulu intanda-bulumko yamalungelo emvelo kaLocke, kodwa kwakhona yaphawula ukurhoxa okukhulu ngokuthi oorhulumente bafumane amandla abo okusesikweni ngokuvunyelwa ngabalawuli. ISindululo sahlula indlela echaphazelekileyo yokuxhatshazwa nguKumkani George III, siwabeka njengenkcaso yamalungelo asisiseko. Olu xwebhu alukuthetheleli ukuzimela kuphela kodwa lukwamisela nomgangatho wokuziphatha ochasene noko oorhulumente bexesha elizayo abanokugwetywa kuko.

IBhili Yamalungelo: UMthetho Wokuqala Ohlaziyiweyo Olishumi

Ngexesha leengxoxo zokwandiswa kwemibutho, abachasi bemfazwe abalwayo babefuna ukukhuselwa ngokucacileyo ngenxa yenkululeko yabantu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufumaneni iBhili yamaLungelo ngo-1791. Ezi zindululo zilishumi zikhusela inkululeko ebalulekileyo:

  • IsiHlalisi soQonda: Inkululeko yokuthetha, yokushicilela, yonqulo, yendibano, nelungelo lokucela urhulumente.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uhlaziyo oluqulunqweyo: Ilungelo labantu lokugcina nokuphatha iingalo.
  • Uhlaziyo olupheleleyo: Isigwebo kwikota yamajoni kumakhaya abantu ngaphandle kwemvume.
  • [[UMTL: 0] UHlaliso lweNkqutyana: Ukhuseleko ekuphengululweni okungaqikeleliyo nokuxhuzula; lufuna imfuneko esekelwe kwisizathu esilindelekileyo.
  • [[NKQUBO:0] UHlaziyo lweNtloko yeNtloko: Amalungelo kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, kuquka ukugwetywa kwetyala elikhulu, ukukhuselwa kwingozi ephindwe kabini kunye nokuzibeka ngokwakho, inkqubo efunekayo, kunye nembuyekezo nje yokuthatha impahla.
  • IsiHlalisi seNkqutyana: Amalungelo kwityala elikhawulezileyo nelinoluntu, abachopheli-mthetho abangakhethiyo, ukujamelana namangqina, nokuba nesiluleko esingokwasemthethweni.
  • Ukuhlaziywa koMphetho-mda weshumi elinesixhenxe: ekunene ukuya kwityala labachopheli-tyala kwiimeko zamakhaya.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ukuhlaziywa koMphetho-mda: Ukunyuswa kwebheyile egqithisileyo, ukuhlawulwa ngokugqithiseleyo, nesohlwayo esikhohlakeleyo nesingaqhelekanga.
  • [[UMTL:0] Uhlaziyo lweNinth Amendment: Uludwe lwamalungelo athile aluzukuthathwa njengokhanyelo okanye ucalulo olugciniweyo ngabantu.
  • [[UMTL:0] UHlaliso lweNtlanganiso: Amandla angegunyaziswanga kurhulumente worhulumente okanye angavunyelwanga kumazwe agcinelwe amazwana okanye abantu.

IBhili yamaLungelo inyusiwe yaza yachazwa kwakhona ngezigwebo zetyala, kwaye oovimba besizwe banika umbhalo opheleleyo namaphetshana embali. Imigaqo yayo ikhuthaze amanye amazwe amaninzi ukuba amkele ukhuseleko olufanayo, ilenza libe lisiseko somgaqo-siseko wehlabathi.

Imbono Yomhlaba Wonke: UmGaqo-siseko Ngaphezu kweUnited States

Ngoxa lo mzekelo waseMerika wawunempembelelo enkulu, amalungelo omgaqo - siseko ayezivelela ngokwawo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ngalinye libonisa iimeko nemilinganiselo ekhethekileyo yembali.

ISibhengezo SamaFrentshi Samalungelo Omntu Nawabemi

Yamkelwa ngo-1789 ebudeni beMvukelo yaseFransi, iSindululo savakalisa ukuba “abantu bazalwa kwaye bahlala bekhululekile kwaye belingana ngamalungelo.” Yachaza amalungelo afana nenkululeko, impahla, ukhuseleko, nokuxhathisa ingcinezelo, kunye nemigaqo emiselweyo efana nokucingela ukuba umsulwa nenkululeko yokuthetha. Isindululo saqalisa umgaqo-siseko omninzi wamaFrentshi saze saphembelela amaxwebhu alwela amalungelo abantu alandelayo emhlabeni wonke.

UmThethi Wamalungelo Nenkululeko WaseKhanada

Yagqitywa ngo1982, iCwarter yaseKhanada ikhusela inkululeko esisiseko, amalungelo edemokhrasi, amalungelo okuhamba, amalungelo asemthethweni, amalungelo okulingana, namalungelo olwimi. Uphawu oluphawulekayo “yimida esengqiqweni” yerejista (ukucaciswa 1), evumela amalungelo ukuba athintelwe ukuba imiqathango igwetyelwe ngokulula kwibutho labantu elikhululekileyo neledemokhrasi. ICharter iquka“ ukuma kwemiqathango” eyenza ukuba iphondo okanye urhulumente wephondo ademokhrasi ademokhrasi adeliseke ademon ademokhrasi adelisele ulawulo lwesizwe alwenzekelwe ngamalungelo athile (ukunga kobucala).

UmGaqo-siseko wePost-Apartheid waseMzantsi Afrika

UMgaqo-siseko waseMzantsi Afrika wowe-1996 ugqalwa ngokubanzi njengenye yezona zihambela phambili ehlabathini, ibandakanya ukwahlukana nengcinezelo yobuhlanga enogonyamelo yocalucalulo. Iquka umthetho obanzi wamalungelo agqubuthela abemi, ezobupolitika, ezoqoqosho, namalungelo enkcubeko. UmGaqo-siseko ukhusela ngokuphandle amalungelo ezindlu, ukunyamekela impilo, ukutya, amanzi, kunye nokhuseleko lwentlalo, kwaye useke iNkundla yezomGaqo-siseko njengomgcini onamandla walamalungelo. Amava oMzantsi Afrika abonisa indlela amalungelo omgaqo-siseko anokusetyenziswa ngayo ukuphendula ukungalungisi ngokwembali nokukhuthaza iinguqulelo yentlalo.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo samalungelo abantu ehlabathi lonke

Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II nokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo, abantu bezizwe ngezizwe baqonda ukuba umgaqo - siseko wesizwe wodwa wawunganele ukuthintela izenzo zenkohlakalo.

ISindululo Sehlabathi Lonke Samalungelo Abantu (1948)

I-UDHR, eyamkelwa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, luxwebhu olusekelwe kwisiseko oludwelisa uludwe lwamalungelo olubanzi `kuquka ilungelo lobomi, inkululeko, nokhuseleko; inkululeko ekuthuthunjisweni nasebukhobokeni; namalungelo okuhamba; namalungelo okufundisa, ukusebenza, nokuthatha inxaxheba kubomi benkcubeko. Nangona lungagunyaziswanga ngokwasemthethweni, iUDHR iphefumlele izivumelwano ezininzi kwaye iye yafakwa kwimithetho yamakhaya yamazwe amaninzi. Ithathwa ngokuba lisiseko solawulo lwamalungelo abantu lwale mihla. Umbhalo opheleleyo we-UDHR ufumaneka kwi-webhsayithi ye-UN[FLD:1].

IiNdibano Nezivumelwano Ezibalaseleyo Zezizwe Ngezizwe

Ukwakhiwa kweUDHR, ibutho lamazwe ngamazwe lamkela izivumelwano ezigunyazisa izivumelwano ezisemthethweni ezinyanzela amazwe asayineyo ukuba ahlonele aze aphumeze amalungelo akhethekileyo:

  • Umnqophiso wezizwe ngezizwe ongowamalungelo asekuhlaleni nawobupolitika (ICCPR): ukhusela amalungelo afana nenkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisa, yokucalula, yonqulo, kunye netyala elisesikweni; ukwalela ukuvalelwa nokuthuthunjiswa ngokungekho ngqiqweni. IKomiti yamaLungelo oluntu ijonge ukuthotyelwa kwamazwe.
  • Umnqophiso weInternational on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR): unika idilesi zamalungelo okusebenza, izindlu ezaneleyo, impilo, imfundo, kunye nomgangatho ofanelekileyo wokuphila.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuphelisa Zonke Iintlobo zocalulo lobuhlanga [CERD]
  • [[UMTL:0] Ukuphelisa Zonke Iintlobo zocalulo kumabhinqa (CEDAW)
  • [[UMTL:0] Isindululo nxamnye nokuthuthunjiswa kunye nolunye uhlaselo, unyango olungekho mentlani okanye oludaliweyo okanye isisohlwayo (CAT)
  • Isigqibo samalungelo omntwana (CRC)

Iinkqubo zengingqi, ezinjenge-European Convention on Human Rights neConvention on American on Human Rights, zinika iindlela ezongezelelekileyo zokunyanzelisa iinkundla neekhomishini. Ngokomzekelo, iNkundla yaseYurophu yamalungelo abantu ivumela abantu ukuba bazise amatyala anxamnye namalungu alo ngenxa yokwaphulwa kwamalungelo abo. IConvention yaseYurophu engokwamalungelo abantu ifumaneka ngeBhunga laseYurophu.

Ucelomngeni Lwangoku Kumalungelo OmGaqo-siseko

Nangona kuye kwavela imithetho emininzi kwiinkulungwane, kunyanzelekile ukuba kuhlale kukho iingcinezelo ezintsha ezingapheliyo kule nkulungwane yama - 21.

Ingeniso Nento Engathethekiyo Karhulumente

Ukuhambela phambili kobugcisa bezobugcisa bezentengiso kuye kwanceda umgangatho ongazange ubonwe woorhulumente. Iinkqubo ezifana nezityhilwe nguEdward Snowden ngo-2013 zabonisa ukuba amaqumrhu obulumko ayeqokelela izitofu ezininzi kubemi abangamawaka, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kokubekwa kolawulo lwezomthetho. Oku kuphakamisa imibuzo enzulu phantsi koMphetho-Mgaqo-nkqubo wesine eUnited States kunye nokukhuselwa kwemicimbi yengasese kwezinye imigaqo-siseko. Ukulungelelanisa ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye noluntu ngabanye kuhlala kungumbandela ongomthetho nowezopolitiko.

Ukuthetha Kakhululekileyo Kwixesha Eliqhelekileyo

Ukuvela kwemigangatho yezentlalo-ntle kuguqule iqonga loluntu, kodwa kwadala amadabi amatsha kumlinganiselo wokuchaza ngokukhululekileyo. Iimpikiswano ezifana nokuthetha intiyo, inkohliso, kunye nokukhathazwa nge-intanethi zivavanya imida yokhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko. Amanye amazwe aye amisela imithetho efuna amaqonga okususwa kokuthile okuqulethweyo, ngelixa amanye egxininisa indlela yokungena kwelassez-faire. Uxinzeleko phakathi komgangatho wedemokhrasi kunye nemfuneko yokunqanda umonakalo luqatha.

Ukuphethuka kweDemocratic Normes

Kulawulo-mpuku oluninzi, imibutho yolawulo-bume kunye noorhulumente baye bacel ’ umngeni ukuzimela ngokwamagunya ejaji, ukuncitshiswa kwenkululeko yokusebenza, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemiqathango kunye nolungelelwano. Amalungelo omGaqo-siseko omelele kuphela njengamaziko awanyanzelisayo, kwaye xa loo maziko ethotyelwe phantsi, amalungelo aba ngamaxhoba. Ukwanda kweenkokeli ezilawula ngoozwilakhe kumazwe anezithethe zedemokhrasi ezinde kubonisa ukuba ukhuseleko lwemithetho-siseko lufuna inkxaso eqhubekayo.

Ukungalingani Kwezoqoqosho Nezentlalo

Amalungelo omgaqo-siseko akwimeko asoloko esilela ukusingatha ukungalingani okunzulu okusekelwe kuhlanga, ubufanasini, udidi, nezinye izinto. Ngelixesha ukulingana okusemthethweni kugqugqisiswe, ukulingana okungaphantsi kokusetyenziswa kwenyani---------kuhlala kuyinto enzima kwabaninzi. Impikiswano efana nokucinezelwa komvoti, ugcino-lwazi olugqithisiweyo, kunye nokufikelela okungalinganiyo komelo olusemthethweni kugxininisa umahluko phakathi kwesithembiso somGaqo-siseko kunye nento ephilayo.

Ikamva lamaLungelo omGaqo-siseko: ukwenziwa kwenkqubo elungelelanisiweyo nokusetyenziswa kweBhunga

Imbali ibonisa ukuba amalungelo omgaqo - siseko akahlali ehleli; ayaguquka ngokuzama ukulwa, ukutolika nokutshintsha kwenkcubeko.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye namalungelo amatsha

Ubugcisa obudityanisiweyo obufana nobukrelekrele obungeyoyamvelo, ubuchule bobuso, nokuhlelwa kwemizila yemfuza buphakamisa imibuzo emitsha malunga nokuzimela, ukuzilawula, nesidima. Abanye abaxhasi baphikisa ukuqwalaselwa kwamalungelo amatsha, afana “nokunikwa ingcaciso” ngezigqibo zemithetho-siseko okanye“ ilungelo lokulityalwa” kwi-intanethi. Iinkundla zomGaqo-siseko ziza kuxhathisa ngokukhulayo indlela ukhuseleko olukhoyo olusebenza ngayo kwezi meko zingazange zibonwe ngaphambili.

Indima Yemfundo Yesicombululo

Abemi abawaqondayo amalungelo abo omgaqo-siseko bawaxhotyiselwe bhetele ukuwakhusela. Imfundo yeBHAYIBHILE kufuneka ingagubungeli nje kuphela imbali kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo zezi lungelo kodwa kwanendlela abasebenza ngayo abahlali kunye nokubaluleka kokungavumelani. Izikolo, amajelo-ndaba, kunye nemibutho yoluntu zonke zinendima ekukhuthazeni amalungelo abemi.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Ngokukhutheleyo Nokukhuthala

Ukukhusela amalungelo omgaqo-siseko akufuni nje ukuba abantu baqonde okungakumbi. Ingingqi kufuneka ibandakanye kwiinkqubo zobupolitika, ixhase imibutho yamalungelo abantu, ibonele oorhulumente ukuba bayaphendula ngokuziphikisa nangokuqhayisa ngoxolo. Le ngxelo ibonisa ukuba amalungelo anqabile ukunikwa, kwaye aphunyezwe ngezenzo zomanyano.

Isiphelo

Uhambo lwamalungelo nenkululeko yezomGaqo-siseko luyingqinelanisa intelekelelo ehlala ihleli yoluntu yenkululeko. Ukusuka kumacwecwe odongwe aseMesopotamia yamandulo ukuya kutsho kwimithetho yamanani yanamhlanje, ingcamango yokuba abantu abanamalungelo azukileyo azalwa nawo oorhulumente bamele bawahlonele ibingumandla aqhubela phambili kwinkqubela yezopolitiko. Kodwa umsebenzi awuze nanini na uphela. Isizukulwana ngasinye sijamelana nosoyiso esisongelayo inkululeko kwaye simele sibuyele kwimigaqo ekhusela isidima soluntu. Ngokuqonda umongo wembali wala malungelo, sinokuliqonda ngakumbi ixabiso laso kwaye siwakhuthaza ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi ngenxa yogcino lwaso nolwando lwaso kwiminyaka ezayo.