Ukwazisa: Indima YeOstreliya Kwingxaki YaseRohinga

I-Australia ithe yazibeka ngokwendlela ephakathi njengegunya elakhayo kwi-Indo-Paciec, kunye nokuphendula kwayo kwezobuzwe kwingxaki yeRohinga kunika uhlolisiso ngendlela iCanberra elungelelanisa ngayo imigaqo yobuntu neenjongo zokhuseleko zengingqi. Ukusukela oko umkhosi ka 2017 wanyanzelisa ngaphezu kwama-740 000 Rohingya ukubalekela i-Rakhine State yase-Bangladesh, i-Australia ibandakanye kwimigudu yolawulo lwe-Rohya, uncedo oluthe ngqo, kunye noxokolo oluzolileyo. Kodwa ingxaki iRohingya ingekapheliswa, ngemfazwe yamakhaya esuphelishwa yimfazwe yamakhaya emva kolwaphulo-mthetho zomkhosi wama-201. Eli nqaku lihlola imigudu ye-Australia, iziphumo zayo, kunye nemingeni enzima ephambi kweya.

Imvelaphi Yengxaki YaseRohingya

IRohingwa liqaqobana lamaSilamsi elinabantu abambalwa abahlala kwilizwe lase-Myanmar kangangeenkulungwane. Phezu kwayo nje imbali yabo ende, baye bacalucalulwa, bahlulwa ubumi phantsi komthetho wokhuseleko wase-Myanmar wonyaka ka1982, kwaye bamiselwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “abaphambukeli base-Bengali.” Oku kungena semthethweni kuye kwabenza baba buthathaka kugonyamelo lweziphelo zikarhulumente. Oku kudala kwaqalisa ukuhlaselana kwezizwe ngelixa elithile. Oku kudala kwaqala ukuhlaziywa emva kokuhlasela kweRoshimaga emkhosini. Umkhosi wasabela ngokukhuphiswano kuMkhosi ka-Rokthe [1] [[FT]], umbulalo, ugonyamelo, kunye nogonyamelo lwezimpumanyuko. [FLDH1] Umzekelo ophezulu kwelizwe loluntu oluziweyo nonyaka ongamashumi amane anesihlanu asixhenxe anesihlanu amashumi amane anesihlanu (200,000) umhla, uG. Uthelela uRoza uRhangendla lwangaphambili, uG.

Isigwebo sezizwe ngezizwe sakhawuleza sathinjwa, kodwa isenzo esinentsingiselo saso sapheliswa lubhukuqo lwezopolitiko lwe-Myanmar, ukuntsonkotha kolawulo lwe-ASTEAN olusekelwe kulawulo lwesivumelwano, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwamagunya amakhulu ukunyanzelisa uvuso olomeleleyo. Le meko idibene nenkxwaleko idityaniswe yimibutho yemikhosi esebenzayo ekwizikhundla ezingama-2021, eyaphelisa ixeshanalo lokuguqula abantu bamazwe angoorhulumente yazalela kwimfazwe yelizwe lonke. Kule meko iRohinganya ihlala ibambekile phakathi kweMyanmar junta kunye nemibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo exhobileyo, kungekho themba lokuzikhusela, ukubuyela kumakhaya ayo ngokuzithandela.

Amanyathelo Okuziphikisa EOstreliya

Umanyano lwase-Australia nemeko yeRohingya lungahlulwa lube nzulu ngokweentsika ezintathu: i-applicateal advocation, uncedo loluntu, kunye nolawulo lwentlalo-ntle. Intsika nganye ibonisa umnqweno wequmrhu lokuxhasa ulungelelwano lwemithetho lwezizwe ngeli lixa iphepha ungquzulwano oluthe ngqo nommelwane onochuku.

Ubandakanyeko lwamaZiko amaninzi namalungelo abantu

I-Australia iye yasebenzisa ilizwi layo ngokungaguqukiyo kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukunyanzela ukubekwa koxanduva kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu kwi-Rohinga. KwiBhunga lamaLungelo oluntu leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iCanberra Co-sponse izigqibo ezithenjiweyo ezibiza ukupheliswa kogonyamelo kunye nemikhosi yaseMyanmar ukuvumela ukufikelela kwabacuphisi abazimeleyo. I-Australia kwakhona yaxhasa ukusekwa kwe-Independent International Conct-Filling Mission eMyanmar, eyathi ngo-201818 igqibele ukuba izenzo zomkhosi zafikelela ekubulaweni kwesizwe. Ngo-2019, i-Australia yafaka isigqibo kwiNgqungquthelane ye-UM. eyakhuthaza i-Myanmar ukuba isebenzisane nemisebenzi yokuphendula, nangona ikhawulezile ukuchaza iNkulwa kweNkundla yeNkundla yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

Ngaphandle kweengxelo zikawonke-wonke, i-Australia iye yafak'emali yokuthembeka kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kumsebenzi wokunceda abantu eRakhine naseCox’s Bazar. Kwakhona yanikela inkxaso-mali kwi-Ofisi ye-UN Special Rapporteur kumalungelo abantu eMyanmar. Okubalulekileyo, i-Australia ibeke isigwebo soyikiso kubaphathi-mikhosi yaseMyanmar kunye namaqumrhu anxulumene ne-junta, nangona ezi zingqiniso ziye zagxekwa njengezimxinzeleleyo nezicothayo. Ngo-2023, i-Australia yayayamkela abantu abalishumi elinesibini kunye namalungu emikhosi e-ekhompi ekhontrato, kodwa uluhlu luhlala lumfutshane kakhulu kune-United States okanye i-European Union.

Uncedo Oluluncedo Kwiimbacu ZaseRohinga

I-Australia yenye yezona zibonelelo zikhulu ze-biodal kwimpendulo yeRohingwa yoluntu. Ukususela ngo-2017, i-Australia ithembise ngaphezu kwama-340 ezigidi kuncedo lobuntu nophuhliso [ lobungozi, olubonelelwa ngamaqumrhu eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iRed Cross, kunye ne-NGOS yezizwe ngezizwe. Oku kuxhasa ukutya, indawo yokhuseleko, unyango, imfundo, kunye neenkonzo zokukhusela iimba eBangladesh kunye noluntu. Isabelo esibalulekileyo sikwayalelwe ekuqiniseni iinkqubo zolawulo lwengozi zaseBangladesh, ukuxabisa uxinzelelo lwezinkampu kwizinto zoshishino kunye nemeko-bume.

Indlela yoncedo yase-Australia igxininisa “umbono opheleleyo we-crissis”, ethetha ngeemfuno ezikhawulezileyo ngoxa efaka utyalo lwexesha elide. Umzekelo, urhulumente wase-Australia uye waxhasa iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezisekelwe kuluntu ze-UNHCR [UNHCR] ezixhobisa amabhinqa angamagqabi aphambili kugonyamelo olusekelwe kumabhinqa. Ikwaxhasa iinkqubo zemfundo zabantwana abanoRohingya, abaye bakhutshwa kakhulu kwimfundo esemthethweni ngomgaqo weBangladesh. I-Australian NGOkimenti, kuquka imibutho efana nePlate and Save Children, ibisoloko iphumeza iinkqubo emhlabeni, kunye norhulumente wase-Australia.

Uxinzelelo lwePhondo loMmandla noMmandla

Eqonda ukuba le ngxaki ayinakuconjululwa ngoncedo kuphela, i-Australia iqhube iindlela zonxibelelwano kwiManyano yeManyano yoMzantsi mpuma Asia (ASAN) kunye nabadlali abaphambili bengingqi. ICanberra iye yaxhasa indima ye-ASTEAN njengomxhasi ongathathi-nxaxheba, kuquka umsebenzi weATEAN Coordinating Center yeLungu loLawulo lwentlekele. Noko ke, i-Australia iye yagxeka nomgaqo wesithethe we-ACEAN “ukungavumelani” xa iphumela ekubeni buthathaka. Ngo-2020, uMphathiswa-mikhosi wamazwe angaphandle e-Australia wakhupha ingxelo enxulumene nabaPhathi beManycalathishe base-Canada, eNew Zealand, u-United Zealand, noorhulumente, u-ASCEAN, ukukhokela inkcathulo yobume yephondo lweRokya.

Kamva, i-Australia igcine incoko entle ne-Myanmar. Kwiminyaka yangaphambi kobhukuqo-qhinga, oonozakuzaku base-Australia baphakamisa rhoqo inkxalabo yamalungelo abantu kurhulumente wase-Myanmar kunye nolawulo lomkhosi. I-Australia kwakhona yandisa uncedo lobugcisa kwinkqubo yoxolelwaniso lweMyanmar, njengokuxhasa i-Peace Proce ProceSceS Surfusion Groupwid Iqela likaKayin phantsi kwezwe lase-Myanmar. Emva kokubhukuqa ulawulo lwama 2021, i-Australia yabeklek-inkcedeza uncedo olungqalileyo kumkhosi wase-Myanmar kwaye yabeka izibheno, kodwa iye yagcina imijelo ivulekile kubadlali abangengobasese namaqela abantu abahlala phantsi. Kwaye i-Australia [[FLT.0] yakhupha abantu abangaphezu kwewaka eMyanmar [FLT] iiveki ezithenjiweyo, kuquka abemi base-Australia, abahlala ehlala eOstrety, kunye nabahlali benkathalo.

Intsebenziswano kunye nomanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe

Impumelelo ye-Australia kwingxaki yeRohingya inyuswe yintsebenziswano yayo esondeleyo kunye namazwe afanayo kunye nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe. Australia-Bangladesh bipanedal] lumanyano olubalulekileyo. IBangladesh i-Rhingya ekwisigidi kwaye igcine umda wayo uvulekile, kodwa inyanzelele ubuyelo olukhawulezileyo lweebhadaba eMyanmar. I-Australia i-Australia-Bangradesh ikhuthaza iBangladesh ukuba igcine ukuzinikela kwayo kobuntu ngexesha lokusebenza neDhaka. IChanbercah ilungiselele uqingqo lwemali ukuxhasa ulawulo lomonakalo obangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kwiinkampu, kwaye ibangele ukutshintshisana kobugcisa kwiindlela ezixhakanywayo.

Kwinkqubo ye-UN, i-Australia isebenza ngesandla-ngaphakathi nge-glove International poselveral for Migration (IOM) kunye ne-UNHCR. Ngo-2018, iAustralia yalungiselela inkxaso yemali ye-IOM ukuseka indawo entsha yempilo kwiCox’s Bazar ukuqhubana noqhaqho-gqashu. Ikwaxhasa kwakhona iPhondo yeQumbutho leRovinjarian Humanian Crisis, isibheno sonyaka ngamnye esiquququzelelwa yi-UN. I-ofisi ye-Australia eDhaka iqwalasela ngokukhutheleyo ukhuseleko kunye namalungelo abantu kwiinkampu zoluntu nokufumana ulwazi emva kwenkqubo yabenzi-Canberra.

I-Australia ikwangumthathi-nxaxheba osebenzayo Isivumelwano se-Global se-Rodeves kunye kunye ne-Global Company for Save, Ngokulandelelana kunye neNdebenzo ePhakamileyo, zombini ezinezixhobo zokufaka iiseko zomthwalo kwiimeko zokushenxiswa kobuninzi. Ngelixesha imigaqo yomda ye-Australia igxekwa ngokuba nengxengxezo, uncedo kunye neenkqubo ze-patria ze Rohingya ezima ngokwendlela. Ukususela ngo-2017, i-Australia inikezela iindawo zokuphinda zifumaneke ezinye iimbacuka ezibuthathaka, ingakumbi amabhinqa nabantwana abasengozini, kunye nabasindileyo bobungozi.

Ucelomngeni Nokusikelwa Umda Kwendlela Yokuya EOstreliya

Phezu kwayo nje imigudu encomekayo, uthethathethwano lwe-Australia kwingxaki yeRohingya luye lwajamelana nemiqobo emikhulu kwaye luye lwaba ngumbandela we'critiques. olungundoqo ucelomngeni olungundoqo. luye lwavela.

Inyaniso Yezobupolitika YaseMyanmar

Olona celomngeni lungalawulekiyo yimeko yezobupolitika ngaphakathi eMyanmar. Emva kobhukuqo-mpululo lomkhosi lwama-2021, iBhunga loLawulo lwe-Routhria (SAC) i-junta ayiwubonisanga mdla wokwenene wokucombulula umba weRohingwa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ijunta iye yayiphelisa ingxaki ngokukhuthaza ukuhlaselwa kweRohinga eseleyo nguRokhinya eseleyo nokwenza ngenkani ukuba bangene kwii-ofisi zolawulo lomkhosi. I-junta ikwabonisa iRohingya njengoluhlu lwesihlanu, isibali sengxoxo esithe kratya. I-Australia, kunye nenkoliso yamazwe amazwe ahlukeneyo, ayiboni ukuba urhulumente urhulumente urhulumente uyakwazi ukudibana.

Imida Yengcinezelo Eninzi

IBhunga loKhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo lihlala livalelwe eMyanmar, iTshayina neRashiya zikhusela ijunta kwimiqathango okanye kwimiqathango yezixhobo ezijoliswe kuyo. I-Australia, njengelungu elinganyangekiyo leBhunga loKhuseleko ngo-2013-2014, ibingalawuleki, kwaye ngoku ayikasebenzi kwiBhunga. Ikhono leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo lokunyanzelisa ukuphendula iRothi lifekta life. Kwanezigqibo kwiBhunga lamaLungelo loLuntu azingqinelani. Isigqibo se-compacsponsssss zolu mthetho wase-Australia sibe siluncedo kakhulu kunezixhobo zokuguqula ukuziphatha komhlaba.

Imiqobo Yemali Yabasebenzi Nokudinwa Kwabantu Abafudukayo

Phezu kwazo nje izifungo zesandla sase-Ostreliya, intsabelo iyonke iyacinywa. Isicwangciso sonyaka nonyaka seNkqutyana yeNkxaso yeRohingaya sisoloko siphumeza iziphumo ezingaphantsi kwama-60% exhoba layo. Njengoko le ngxaki ingena kunyaka wayo wesixhenxe, ukudinwa ngumnikezeli kumiselwa. I-Australia ngokwayo iye yajamelana nengcinezelo yamakhaya yokwandisa izinto ezininzi kwisiqithi sePasifiki echatshazelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nabemi beembacu zasekhaya. Ngaphezu koko, uqingqo-mali lwemali ye-Australia lusoloko lungancitshiswa njengenxalenye ye-fiscal cong. Ngonyaka wama-20202020201, urhulumente wase-201, urhulumente wase-Australia uyakwazi ukunikezela ngoncedo olutsha lwemiqatha yohlalo nyaka ngenxa yeziphumo lwe-CHOV-19, luchaphazela ezinye iiprojekthi ze-Robhithi.

Iimbacu Nemicimbi Yasemidani YaseOstreliya

Enye yezona ngxaki zibhengeziweyo kwimpendulo ye-Australia kukungavumelani phakathi koncedo lwayo lobuntu olunesisa kunye nemigaqo yayo engqongqo yolawulo lomda. I-Australia igcina indlela yokuzimela unyawo olungaqhelekanga lokufika kwamazwe angekho mthethweni. Xa iRohingba izama ukufikelela e-Australia ngesikhephe esisuka e-Indonesia okanye eSri Lanka, ziye zavinjwa zaze zabuyiselwa emva. Le nkqubo ikhokelela ekumangaleleni kwemali: iinkampu zeembatha zase-Australia kodwa ithanda ukwamkela umzekelo ombini owe yiRoya kumazwe azimeleyo. Xa i-Roya izama ukufikelela e-Australia ngesikhepheniya e-Indonesia okanye eSri Lanka, iyakwazi ukukhusela nokubuyisela ityala elibalulekileyo. Kodwa i-Astralday esoloko ikhokelwe ngokungenwa yimeko eninzi.

I-oklook Yexesha Elizayo Nezincomo

Ukukhangela phambili, ingxaki yeRohinga ibonakala ihlala ikho ixesha elide. Iziqalelo ezininzi zizakuguqula amandla eOstreliya okuphembelela iziphumo.

Ubandakanyeko Oluqinileyo

I-Australia kufuneka igcine kwaye iphucule imigudu yayo yonxibelelwano, ingakumbi ngeNtlanganiso ye-ASANIYA-Australia kunye ne-[FLT]Sumum yase-Asia eseMpuma . La maqonga anika amathuba okunyanzela ukuphendula okuqinileyo kwengingqi, kuquka ukunokwenzeka komthunywa okhethekileyo we Rohinga enegunya elicacileyo. I-Australia kwakhona i-odalene uphuhliso lwayo namalungu amancinci e-ASEAAAA afana no-Laos kunye ne-Cambodia ukwakha imidibaniso evavanisa uvavanyo lwe-junta.

Inkxaso yokuphendula

I-Australia ingadlala indima eyakhayo ekuxhaseni amanyathelo okuphendula amatyala ngaphandle kweBhunga loKhuseleko. Umzekelo, inganyusa inkxaso-mali ye- yokuxhasa ngokuzimeleyo i-Maincionation Mechanic Mechanism yeMyanmar (IIMM), eqokelela ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho lwezizwe ngezizwe. I-Australia sele inikele ii-R000 zezigidi ze-Romm, kodwa ezininzi zingasenziwa. I-Canberra ingaxhasa netyala eliqhubekayo likaGambianabian elichasene ne-Myanmar kwiNkundla ye-Mbali yeJanethi (ICJ) phantsi kweNgqungquthela yeGeneicide. I-Australia ayiyoli lungu letyala, kodwa inika uncedo lwemali okanye lobugcisa kwiqela le-Gambian.

Ukhuseleko Nendlela

Ekhaya, i-Australia kufuneka iqwalasele ukwandisa inkqubo yayo yokuzinza ye-Rohinga iimbacu. Ukuthabatha okukhoyo ngonyaka kwingxaki kuncinane kakhulu. Phantse ngonyaka kungaphezulu kwama-200 ngonyaka. Inkqubo yembacu enobugxwayiba ne-visa yobuntu engancedi nje kuphela ababuthathaka kodwa ithumela uphawu olomeleleyo kumaqabane engingqi malunga nokuthwaliswa komthwalo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-Australia kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba imithetho yayo yomda ayimlimazi uRohingaya onyanzeleka ukuba aphinde abaleke kwiimfazwe zase-Myanmar okanye kwiimeko ezimandundu eBangladesh.

Ukucombulula Oonobangela Abayintloko

Izisombululo ezinde zifuna ukuhlangabezana nezizathu ezingundoqo zokungabi nabuzwilakhe nocalucalulo eMyanmar. I-Australia ingaxhasa amaqela oluntu asebenzela ukukhuthaza ukuqondwa kwemeko-ntle kwilizwe laseRakhine, nokuba ingangqalanga ngaphesheya komda. Ingaxhasa amanyathelo okubhala ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo abantu kwaye igcine inkumbulo yeRohingya, umkhosi oye wazama ukuyiphelisa. Ngelinye ixesha iAustralia ayinakucombulula ingxaki yezobupolitika ye-Myanmar, inokuba yinxalenye yomgudu omkhulu wezizwe ngezizwe wokwenza iimeko zedemokhrasi, eququququzelekileyo, neyoxolo lweMyanmar apho iRokya iyakwazi ukukhulula ubumilo babo.

Isiphelo

Imigudu yezobuzwe yase-Australia kwingxaki yeRohingwa inamandla ngokwentlalo-ntle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yentlalo-ntle, kodwa aye ahluleka ukufikelela inkqubela-phambili yenyani kwi-Rohinga. Ingxaki ihlala iyisikhumbuzo esicacileyo semida yamandla olawulo lwengingqi xa ijongene nolawulo olunengqwabalala kunye nokusabela okungahlangani kwezizwe ngezizwe. Ukuze i-Australia ikwazi ukuphumelela, kufuneka ilungelelanise intetho yayo yobuntu nemigaqo yayo engqongqo yeembacu, inyusa inkxaso yayo yendlela yokuziphendulela, kwaye igcine ingcinezelo eqhubekayo kwimijelo yengingqi kunye nemijelo emininzi. IRoshimay ifanelwe kukusetyenziswa kwemiqatha nengxelo ephambili. [[FLT:]

[[UMTL_HAWU: 0] Imiba:[[UMTL_1]