I-Australian Treasure isebenza njengesebe elisembindini lezoqoqosho kurhulumente wesizwe, isebenza ngokucebisa nokuzalisekisa iinkqubo ezibumba ummandla welizwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, injongo yokulondoloza nokunyusa intembelo yabathengi iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili ekusebenziseni okungathethekiyo. Ngokulandela ukuchanabeka okungathethekiyo kwezoqoqosho kwisifo se-COVID-19, ngokulandelwa lixesha lenkcitho yemali ephezulu kunye nenkqubo yoncedo oluphezulu, ukuthengwa kwenzala ephezulu, ukuthengwa kwemfuno e-Australia kuye kwanento ebalulekileyo. Imigaqo yemali yemali iye yajoliswa ekukhuseleni oku kukhukulibala oku kwemeko eqinileyo. Olu hlalutyo luhlolisisa inkqubo ecacileyo, engoko, kunye nezicelo zangoku zokukhuthaza ukuthembeka kolawulo lwemali nge-fini.

Isiseko: Umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali noMngeni

Intembelo eqikelelwayo yendlela iintsapho ezikhangeleka ziqinisekile ngayo ngemeko yazo yemali kunye nembono ebanzi yezoqoqosho. Xa intembelo iphezulu, abathengi batyekele ekusebenziseni imali, ukunyusa ingeniso yeshishini nonyuko lwezoqoqosho. Xa iphantsi, ukugcina imali kuba yinto ephambili, ukuchitha kunye nokungafezeki kwezoqoqosho. I-Ceta iyakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba inkqubo yemali iphembelele le mvakalelo. Ngokutshintsha iindleko nolawulo lukarhulumente, ivelise ukquzelo lwemali ezoqoqosho, ixhase ingeniso yekhaya, okanye ive indalo yemeko-oklorist eqinileyo ekhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemali. Ulwalamano phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nokungalawuleki kwemiqatha yemiqatha lusoloko luchaphazele ngaphaya koluvo. Kodwa umqondiso wokulungisa inkcinezelo lwemali nolawulo olunexabiso loqoqo lemali lunamandla.

Ukuchaza uMgaqo-nkqubo weFiscal kwimo yeAustralia

E-Australia, inkqubo yemali yemali yelifa lemveli yephondo yenziwa ngokuyintloko ngoGawulayo, echaza ukunyuka kwerhafu kunye neeplani zokuchitha imali. UNondyebo ujongene nokulungiselela ukuxelwa kwangaphambili kwezoqoqosho nokucebisa ngeqhinga lemali. Eli cebo linenjongo yokulungelelanisa uqingqo-mali kumjikelo wezoqoqosho, livumela iindleko ngexesha lokungahambelani noqoqosho ukuxhasa uqoqosho kunye nentsalela yomlinganiselo wolwando lwemali ngexesha lolwando lwemali ukuvelisa iziphekephekepheke. Ukunikezelwa koHlalo-mali kubandakanya ukwenza ukhetho olunzima malunga nokusebenzisa izinto eziphambili kunye nemimiselo yerhafuthezo, konke okunxibelela izicwangciso zikarhulumente kwizindlu namashishini. Indima yemali kukuqikelela "onogalelo lonyuko" kunye nemithetho enxulumene nemithetho eyahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa injongo yabo yokuthenga ngaphandle kwezoqoqosho.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukuthembana Nabantu Kubaluleke Ngokumanyana Kwezoqoqosho

Isalathisi esichitha iingxelo zemali ezithe ngqo kwicandelo elibalulekileyo le-Australian GDP (ngoko ke, malunga nama-50-60%). Umgangatho wokuthembeka kwabathengi uluphawu olukhokelayo lokusebenza kwezoqoqosho. Isalathisi esithe gqolo silandela iWestpac Melbourne Institute Consumer Sentiment Semiment Isalathisi sengxelo ebhaliweyo ngqo kwimiba yasekhaya. Xa le salathiso sithe yasihla ngezantsi kwekhulu, ipessimiscipo, isoloko ibonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kwemali esezantsi. Imali eninzi yemali esetyenziswayo ijongele ezi zingqini-mgangatha. Imithetho ye-mali ejolise ekunyuseni intembelo ekhoyo yokuziweyo, elungiselelwe ukukhutshwa kwerhafuthelo okanye ukuthunyelwa kwemali ngokungqalileyo kwemali esetyenziswayo ebangela ukuchaphaze kwezoqoqosho.

Imbono Engokwembali: Oyena Mxholo

Imbali yakutshanje yezoqoqosho yase-Australia inika uphando olucacileyo lwetyala loNondyebo esebenzisa inkqubo yokungangeni mandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe uqoqosho nenkxaso ngexesha loxinezeleko olunzima lwangaphandle.

Iziphumo zengxaki yemali eManyeneyo (2008-2009)

Ngokungafaniyo noontanga bayo abaninzi behlabathi jikelele, i-Australia yaphepha ukurhoxa kwemali ngexesha lengxaki yezeMali (GFC). Oku ngokwengxenye kwakungenxa yemfuno enamandla evela eTshayina, kodwa ukusabela kwenkqubo yeBhosa kwasetyenziswa. Urhulumente, ocetyiswa yi-Mootal, wasebenzisa iimpahla ezinika amandla abalulekileyo okunyusa inzala. Ezi zinto ziquka ukuhlawula imali kwizindlu (ngokusoloko kubhekiselwa kuzo njenge "itshitshiza"""nemali eninzi) kunye notyalo lwesiseko esininzi soshishino-mali kumsebenzi wokwakha iNguqulelo yemfundo. Ezi zinyathelo zenziwe ukugcina imfuno kunye nokuthenga ngexesha loloyiko lwehlabathi lonke. Izenzo zonxibelelwano olucacileyo zonxibelelwano zinceda ukulondolo olunempumelelo ngokuphawulekayo ukuthelekiswa namanye amazwe aphucukulwayo njengenkqubo yofundisiso lwemfundo olunempumelelo kwimiqatha ye-filclcl, ukukhusela ulawulo olulukusetyenziswa ngurhulumente ekuthintela urhwebo oluselukuphembelekayo.

I-COVID-19 Pandemic Effect yezoqoqosho (2020-2021)

Isikali sefestical sisabela kwi-COVID-19 sasisikhulu kakhulu kune-GFC. UTsheya waphuhliswa kwaye wasetyenziswa i-Cootater Spender Reader persurence, ipesenti yesifo somsebenzi efuna ipesenti, kunye nezinye inkxaso kwizithuba eziphakathi kweeveki zesifo esihlasela amanxweme ase-Australia. Oku kungenelela okukhawulezileyo, okukhulu, ungenelelo olukhulu. Ngokwemeko yemali yemali, indleko ye-fiscal yempendulo ye-CHOVID-19 yezigidi ezingama-$300 zezigidi. Injongo ephambili yayikusebenza njenge "bridge" yoomatilithi yezoqoqosho nezindlu ezithe kratyayo ezithe kakhulu ukususela ekucinezeni koxinzelelo olukhulu lobudodo boqoqo bezoqoqosho. Impumelelo yalethwa ngokugcina ingeniso kunye nomlinganiselo wemali ekhawulezileyo kwimiqatha yemali ethenjiweyo. Injongo ephambili yokusebenza kwezo nkqubo ezithenjiweyo phantsi kolawulo lwawonga.

Ubuchule bangoku bokuqinisekisa ngezoqoqosho

Ngokuhamba kwezoqoqosho ukusuka kwisigaba sokuphucula ukuya kwinqanaba lokwenza kube lula eliphawulwa kukunyuka kwexabiso lemali kunye nentengiso enzima yomsebenzi, ukujolisa kweTree ejolise ekufakeni ifuthe elikhulu kodwa ukunikezela ngoncedo olujoliswe kulo ngexa kuqinisekisiwe. Oku kungumo wokuqonda ubuchule bolawulo lwangoku, obujolise ekuthetheni ngeendleko zexabiso lamaxabiso obomi ngaphandle kokongezelela kwimikhosi enyukayo.

Umgaqo - siseko Werhafu Njengokukholosa

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlawula irhafu yenye yezona zinto zinokutsalwa yiBhunga.

3 Ukusika Irhafu noncedo lobomi

Isiteji 3 serhafu, emiselwe kuqala phantsi korhulumente wangaphambili kwaye kamva ilungiswe ngurhulumente wangoku, iyilungu elisembindini lenkqubo ye-fiscal. Isakhiwo esilungisiweyo sokusika iinguqu ezingakumbi kwingeniso ezisezantsi neziphakathi. Oku kubonisa ukuthengiselana ngesiquphelo kwezoqoqosho: ukunikezela irhafu kwindlu ephantsi kwaye inyuswe kakhulu (ngoko inyuse iGDP) kunecebiso lerhafu yendlu efumana imali eninzi, ebonakala ikhuselekile kakhulu. Kwimeko-yo ephezulu yorhwebo, i-Commeternetic counting transfective kufuneka ibeke irhafunqule irhafuze imali eninzi kakhulu kwimali ekhoyo ekhoyo ephantsi kwemali esetyenziswayo, ekufuneka ithenjiweyo kulawulo oluphezulu loqoqosweni lwemali.

Ingeniso yeshishini

Intembelo yorhwebo inxulumene kakhulu neemeko zeshishini. Xa amashishini eqinisekile, afaka imali kunye noqesho, oluya kwingeniso yekhaya. I-odoli isebenzise iinkqubo ezifana ne-asethi yokubhala-enye i-off, kunye ne-technoloji yoHlomelo lobuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka bobuxhakaxhaka borhwebo ukukhuthaza amashishini ukuba afake imali eninzi kwimisebenzi yawo. Le nkqubo inciphisa ixabiso lasemva kwemali yekomkhulu, ikhuthaza iifektha yezixhobo zokuhlaziya, isebenzisa ubugcisa bokwandisa intengiso, kwaye ivelisa amandla asebenzayo: ukunyusa ingeniso yemveliso, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukuthembeka komthengi kwinjongo yezi zihlolo zikhuthaziwe ixesha elide. I-mali icebisa ngexabiso lokuqinisekisa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwaye zimele ixabiso lemali yomhlawuli werhafu, i-dirensiti yemiyalelo encinane yenkciso.

Inkcitho ecwangcisiweyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kurhulumente kwimpahla kawonke-wonke yenye into engundoqo yeqhinga lokutyala.

Isiseko somsebenzi nombhobho wokwakha

Imisebenzi emikhulu enjengeInland Rail, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nohola-ndlela onyusiweyo, kunye nemisebenzi ephinda-phindwayo yokudluliswa kwamandla (njengokubuyiselwa kwecebo lohlanga) ifeza iinjongo ezininzi. Zidala imisebenzi ekhawulezileyo kwicandelo lolwakhiwo, zinika iziphumo zemveliso ende yezoqoqosho, kwaye zinika umqondiso kuluntu ukuba urhulumente ufaka imali kwixesha elizayo. Oku kuphawula kuluncedo ekunyuseni kwemali eninzi. Xa abantu bebona izilenge zezulu kunye neendlela ezakhiwayo, kuqinisa ukuqondwa kwenkqubela yezoqoqosho nozinzo. Imari isebenza ngoorhulumente kunye noorhulumente base-Australia ukuba iprojectives, ilawula imibhobhobho exabisa ii-10 lezigidi zezigidi zemali, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iindleko azinakali kwicandelo lolwakhiwo.

Ubuchule Nokuveliswa Kwemali Yomntu

Enye indawo engundoqo yotyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke likomkhulu labantu. Oku kuqinisa ukubonelela ngemali ehlawulwayo karhulumente, ingeniso yaseyunivesithi, kunye nokwanda kwenkxaso-mali yabantwana zimigaqo-nkqubo yemali ezixhasayo eziluncedo zemali ezikhoyo ngexesha elide. Ngokunciphisa iinkcitho zeendleko kwiindawo ezifana nokunyamekela abantwana, i-Moota yenza abasebenzi bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba engakumbi, ingakumbi kumabhinqa. Oku kuqinisa ukubonelela komsebenzi, ukukhula, kwaye kuphucula ngqo ukhuseleko lwemali lwasekhaya. [[FTLT:0] Ingxelo yenzala egxininisa rhoqo imfuneko yokwandisa imveliso ukuze kulondolo mgangatho wokuphila kokwaluphala. Ukuvelwa koluntu kuluncedo kukuchanabela phambili kulo mdlalo oluluko, ukulungiselela ukuphumelela nokusebenza ngempumelelo.

Imidlalo edityanisiweyo phakathi kweBhunga leMpahla neBhanki yeReserve

Umzobo opheleleyo wenkqubo yezoqoqosho e-Australia ufuna ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwemali phakathi kweTreasure kunye neBhange elisebenzayo lase-Australia (RBAT). Ngoxa iNgxelo yemali ilawula uqingqo-mali (inkqubo yemali), iRBA imisela umyinge wemali ukuphembelela ukunyuka komngcipheko kunye nomsebenzi (inkqubo yemali). Le zixhobo zimbini zolawulo lwezoqoqosho kufuneka zisebenze ngokuhambelana. Ngexesha lesifo sezoqoqosho, zasebenza kunye nemithetho encinane yenzala ephantsi kwemali phakathi kwentlanganiso ezimbini zeRba (uRba). Njengoko ukunyuka kwexabiso le RBA iqala ngamandla, eyayithwele intengo yothengiso oluthe ngqo kuthelekele ukuthembeka. Umba wemali (ekunganciphiswa kwemali) njengoko kunciphisa i-Rbaba (unyaka-mali) njengoko inyusa ithelela i-Rba) i-Rbabascend.

Iingxaki Zezoqoqosho

Naphezu kobuchule bokubonelela beBhosa kunye nocwangciso lwezicwangciso, kukho imimoya ephambili enzima eyenza kube nzima ukunyusa ukuthembeka kwabathengi. Ukumisela le mingeni kufuna ukuzimisela nokukulungela ukuqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo.

Ukulungelelanisa iiStimules noLawulo lokuZalisa

Ucelomngeni oluphambili kumjikelo wangoku lubungozi benkqubo yokunyuka kwemali edibanisa ukunyuka kwemali. Xa urhulumente ethumela imali kumakhaya okanye enciphisa irhafu, kwandisa imfuno ephezulu. Ukuba unikezelo lwezoqoqosho alukwazi kuhlala lunyuka, amaxabiso. Ivetal ibe yeyokuyila iinkqubo "zexeshana kwaye zijoliswe" ukuze iphephe ukongeza ingxaki yokunyuka kwamaxabiso emali. INgxelo yeGenezi icebi yeNkciko, umzekelo, yenziwe ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo ukunyuka komcimbi wokwenyuka kwamaxabiso emalini. Oku kwakukungenelela ngqo kwe-mali kwi-emali ephambili kumqhubi ongundoqo wexabiso lokuthenga intengo ephantsi kobugciciniki-mali. "Intshukumo ephambili," emisela ukuba uqingqohlalo lwemali luyengeza okanye lususe phantsi kwenkciso, i-Rba i-emetric ejonge kwingxaki engafanelekanga okanye ukunyuka kwemali, ezorhwebo zorhwebo zombini ezithenezentengo.

Amatyala Kazwelonke Nolungelelwano

Isongezelelo se-COVID-19 ifuna urhulumente ukuba anikeze umlinganiselo omkhulu wamatyala kawonke-wonke. Ngeli xesha amatyala elawuleka kwaye ephantsi kakhulu ngenxa yexabiso lenzala eliphantsi kwi-stock esikhoyo, ukuququzelelwa kwetyala elikhulu kukuxhalabela uqingqo-mali kwixesha elizayo. Iingxelo zeMali zeMintelligational Zentelanisela zibalaselisa iingcinezelo zexesha elide zokuzikhusela, impilo, ukunyamekela abalupheleyo, kunye neNational Disal Inshorence Issuration System. Izizukulwana ezincinane zinokuziva zingaqiniseki kakhulu ukuba ziqonda ukuba umthwalo onzima kuzo uya kuphakama. Iimali zemali ezisetyenziswayo zijolise ekulungiseni imali kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso yemveliso yemali ziceliwe kule ngxelo ephakathi, nto leyo engundoqo kodwa engabonakaliyo yorhwebo.

Ukungaqiniseki Kwamazwe Namazwe Angaphandle

I-Australia yimeko engaphandle engenakulawulwa yiTshayina, ekhululekileyo, inkxalabo yezoqoqosho exhomekeke kakhulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi lonke. Iingxaki zezorhwebo (njengezo zikhoyo phakathi kwe-US neTshayina nemfazwe eUkraine) kunye neemeko zezoqoqosho zomhlaba wonke (njengokuthoba kwezoqoqosho eTshayina) zizinto ezingaphandle ezingenakukwazi ukulawulwa yiTshayina. Ezi zinto zingaqinisekiyo zichaphazela ukuthelekelela okuthe ngqo komthengi, njengoko zichaphazela ukuthunyelwa kwengeniso, ukubonelela, ukubonelela ngemali ehlabathini. Umsebenzi wemali yehlabathi umele ukuqinisekisa uqoqosholo lwemali njengoko kunokwenzeka. Oku kubandakanya ukulondoloza imali eninzi, ukukhuthaza ukuchuma okuguquguqukayo, nokusebenzisa inkqubo yokhuseleko lwemali ekhuthangeni elide apho kunokwenzeka. Ixesha elizayo eliseAustralia limela umphuzo omtsha, lisebenzisa ingeniso yerhafuthelela nokuzi yorhwebo lwemali ehlaziweyo. Oku kubandakanya ekunikezelweni kwe-omatishine ngezo lwehlabathi elide.

Isiphelo: Inkqubo yoLuntu njengesixhobo sokuThembela ixesha elide

Indlela ye-Ostreliya yeNkcubeko yemali enika inkxaso-mali itshintshile ngokuphawulekayo. Isuka kububanzi, ekukhuthazeni okungachatshazelwanga kwe-GFC, ngokuphuma kwintsebenziswano enkulu, ngoqoqosho lwe-COVID-19, kwisigaba sangoku solawulo lwe-CHOVID, ubuchule bokubonelela, ulawulo olujolisekileyo. Umba ophambili namhlanje kukuqhuba indlela emxinwa encinci: ukulungiselela ukukhululeka kwemeko ekhoyo kwimeko yezoqoqosho ekhoyo ngaphandle kokongeza ebuninzinisweni lemali ebangela ukunyuka kwemali yabo. Ukusebenza kwemali eninzi kuxhomekeke ekuthengeni kwayo, amandla ayo okuxhobisayo, amandla okukwazi kwayo okufunda kwiimeko ezidlulileyo, kunye nokuphatha kwayo kakuhle izinto ezisetyenziswayo eziluncedo, ezibangela ukuma kwemeko-meko-ntle. Ngokucophelela, ukhuseleko lwe-onke uluntu olukhoyo lwe-Australia, oluzinziwayondlayokuxhasayo. [ngendlela ephambili yoncedo lwemeko olukhoyo olukhoyo olukhoyo oluphezulu, olukhoyo lwemeko oluphezulu, olukhoyo lwezoqoqosho olukhoyo lwezoqoqosho