Ukwazisa: Asiyosifundo Nje

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya asingomgaqo ongabonakaliyo ogcinwe kwiincwadi zomsebenzi. Yinkqubo yokusebenza karhulumente waseMerika, ukumisela yonke into ukusuka kwixabiso leziyobisi ozinika zona ukuya kwisantya se-intanethi ekhayeni lakho. Abalahli bomGaqo-siseko benza ngabom inkqubo ye [ ephumeza iminqweno ephambili , apho isebe ngalinye(legislative, isebe eliphetheyo, kunye netyala (*) lineseti eyahlukileyo yamandla kwaye lenzelwe ukukhangela amanye. Ukuqonda esi sakhiwo asisiso nje isixhobo sokuqonda iindaba zezobupolitika nokusebenzisa amandla akho njengevota. Xa uphosa i-bolotte, awukhethi nje umvoti; ukhetha ukuba ufumana amacebo okufumana amaqela abo bawakhe.

Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuntlufa. Iyilelwe ukuba ihambe kancinci kwaye ibe nzima. Le nto yenziwa ngabom. Abaseki boyikiweyo amandla ajolisekileyo kunangendlela abacinga ukuba ayaphumelela ngayo. Kuvoti bangoku, oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho lunqabile, kwaye ukuphendula kunzima ukukudibanisa. Ingaba uMongameli ufumana ityala ngezoqoqosho olunamandla, okanye wenza iBhunga eliPhakamileyo liyila inkqubo, okanye liyitolika nje? Eli nqaku lisusa i-scanbon lize likubonise ngendlela echaphazelekayo indlela amasebe amathathu abuchaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, indlela elilolonga ngayo umlinganiselo wamandla phakathi kwabo.

Isebe Lomthetho: Amandla Okuthenga Nepen

Isebe lowiso-mthetho, eliyilwe yiNdlu yabameli neNdlu yeeNdlu yeeNtlalo, liyilwe ngokwemGaqo-siseko ukuba libe lelona sezabelo linamandla. Yi-injini yokwenza umthetho, umlawuli woqingqo-mali lwesizwe, kunye nohlolo lokuqala kumphathi-mthetho. Kuvoti, ngokufuthi yeyona ndlela ingqalileyo yokuphembelela, inikwa ubuninzi bonyulo nohlobo lomelo oluqhelekileyo.

Ukungalandeli Imfundiso KaBhayiseli: Utshintsho Olubangela Ufuneke Lunzima

IBhunga leNgqungquthela lihlulahlulwe libe ngamagumbi amabini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yesizathu. Indlu yabameli, enamalungu ayo angama-435 anyulwa nyaka ngamnye, yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kumnqweno othandwayo. Ummeli akaze asuke kude kunyulo olulandelayo, azenze angabi naluvelwano oluphezulu kwimibandela yasekuhlaleni kunye noluvo lukawonke-wonke. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iNdlu yeyamayela, ingugalelo lokupholisa. Namalungu ali-100 asebenza iminyaka emithandathu, amabinzana e-Senator akhuselwe kwiingcinezelo zezobupolitika ezifutshane zexesha elizayo, yaye ajongenembono engakumbi, yokungaphicothameli, imbono ephambili yomdlalo wesizwe.

Olu qhagamshelwano lokwakha lunempembelelo enzulu. Umthetho odlulisa iNdlu ngobuninzi obulula kufuneka uqhubeke usinda kwiBhunga leNdlu, apho iNtsimbi enye ingabeka khona indawo yokubamba, okanye apho umqobo wama-60 ofunekayo ukuphula umthetho we-filipu e-oplybuster ungayibulala ngokuphumelelayo imithetho engavumelaniyo. Kuvota, oku kuthetha ukuba uloyiso lwelizwe lweqela elinye kwiNdlukwano akuzenzekeli. Kufuneka ujonge kwimephu yeCandelo leNtsina, uqonde imithetho yomdlalo. Ibinzana elithi "Indlu ye-ankile liyindawo engekho mvumelwayo" liyisivumelwano sokwenziwa kwalo, kwaye sisikhumbuzo esibalulekileyo sokuba [[FLT:] [FLD] [FLD]]

Amandla Okwenyaniso: Uqingqo - mali Nolawulo

Ngoxa ingumsebenzi kawonke-wonke womsebenzi wolawulo, amandla awo abalulekileyo yi yesikhwakhwa semali. Akukho mali inokuchithwa lisebe eliphetheyo ngaphandle komthetho odluliswa yiKhompathimente. Oku kunika iKhonte izixhaso ezinkulu kucwangciso lukaMongameli. Ukuba uMongameli ufuna ukwakha udonga, yiya emfazweni, okanye ixhasa inkqubo entsha yezempilo, iBhunga kufuneka ligunyazise lize lifanele imali. Oku kulapho i-"i-"roustate" ityala lokhuseleko lonyaka livela khona, isindululo soqingqo-mali soqingqo-mali, kunye nokuchitha iimpahla zoxakeka komthetho. Ezi zidla ngokuba zizithuthi zomthetho zemibutho, njengoko amalungu efaka izinto zazo eziphambili kumthetho wokuhambisa umthetho.

Ngapha koko kuqingqwa koqingqo-mali, iBhunga linegunya lokulawula. Iikomiti zeKhomishoni zingabiza onobhala beKhabhinethi, iintloko zamasebe, kunye nabemi abangabodwa ukuba banikele ubungqina phantsi kwesifungo. Bangaphengulula inkunkuma, ukuqhatha, nokuxhaphaza kwisebe elilawulayo. Ukuba uvota, le ndima inzima. Xa ubona iBhunga loMbutho liva iBig Tech, i-acticipecing, okanye ukhuseleko lomda, ulinda isebe lemithetho ye-Rogractive elisebenzisa umsebenzi walo wokuhlola umlawuli. Ubuchule bommeli wakho bokusebenza kwikomiti engundoqo (njenge-Appriapriary, okanye iiNt, okanye iindlela) zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amandla awo kwimpembelelo yemithetho echaphazela ubomi bakho.

Njengovoti, unesixhobo sokuxhathisa esithe ngqo apha. Ungakhangela indlela abameli bakho abavota ngayo kwiindleko zoqingqo-mali nokuba basebenzisa na indawo yabo yekomiti ukuphatha okanye ukuqokelela imali. Izibonelelo ezifana [[FLT: 0].gov ukuvumela ukulandela umbhalo wephepha kwixesha lokwenene, ukusuka kwisehlo ukuya kwidesika yoMongameli.

Isebe Elilawulayo: Injini Karhulumente

Ukuba iKhomishini yeNkqutyana yengxoxo, isebe elilawulayo liyingalo yezenzo zikarhulumente. Elilawulwa nguMongameli, linembopheleleko yokunyanzelisa imithetho edluliswa yiKhonkxale. Noko ke, ububanzi balo bubanzi kunolunyanzelo olulula. Isebe elilawulayo liquka amasebe amakhulu karhulumente .(15) amasebe eKhabhinethi, amakhulu amasebe azimeleyo, nabasebenzi abangabemi abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2, ababhala imimiselo, abalawula iinkqubo, nabatolika umthetho imihla ngemihla.

UMongameli NoMkhukula Oyingcungcutheko

Amandla kaMongameli asoloko echazwa ngokwegunya elisemthethweni: ukutyikitywa kwamatyala, ukusetyenziswa komthetho, ukutyunjwa kwabagwebi, nokuyalela umkhosi. Kodwa esona sixhobo sinamandla sikaMongameli sisoloko sisikhululo seqonga [ ````````````kukukukwazi ukulawula ingqalelo yonxibelelwano nokulungisa uluvo lukawonke-wonke. Intetho enye evela kwi-Oval Oofisi ingasusa iimarikentengiso, iimvakalelo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nengcinezelo yeBhunga ukuba isebenze. Eli gunya lingacwangciswanga liyenza uGenegas asebenze isiko somfuziselo sikarhulumente.

Noko ke, amagunya asemthethweni kaMongameli anyuke ngokuphawulekayo kwinkulungwane edluleyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho ekhoyo. Ulawulo olutsha lungasebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya ukuguqula imithetho yemithetho engaphambili kwimiqathango yolawulo olusuka kulawulo lwemeko-bume ukuya kulawulo olutsha. Ngokwalo mthetho wegunya lolawulo oluphezulu ungakwazi ukuyila imithetho emitsha okanye ukuchitha imali, lungaguqula indlela egunyazisiweyo. Ulawulo olutsha lungasebenzisa imiyalelo yegunyaziso ukuguqula inkqubo yemithetho yemithetho yemithetho elawulayo engaphambili kwimiqathango yokusebenza kwemekobume ukuya kumsebenzi wolawulo lwabasebenzi. Kuvoti, oku kuthetha iziboti zeruthi yonyulo lomongameli ziphezulu ngokugqithisileyo. Unyulo olunye lungaphumela ekuguquleni imigaqo-mthetho yomthetho.

IBhunga Lolawulo Lolawulo Lomhlaba: Apho Injoloba Idibana Neendlela

Inkoliso yabantu baseMerika basebenzisana nesebe eliphetheyo kungekhona ngoMongameli, kodwa ngamasebe karhulumente. I-Social Security Administration ithumela ii-checks. Le nkqubo i-Nzalo yokuKhuselwa koMgangatho (EPA) imisela imigangatho yomoya ecocekileyo. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) iyayivumela iziyobisi ezintsha. ISebe lemfundo lilawula iimboleko zabafundi. La masebe anamandla amakhulu, njengoko esebenza ngokuzalisa iinkcukacha zemithetho edluliswa yiBhunga. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba [[FLT:]]

Xa iKhongozeli idlulisa umthetho ofana noMthetho weDecreat Air, ayichazi kakuhle ukuba lungakanani ungcoliso olunokukhupha umzi - mveliso. Abameli abagunya kwi-EPA. I-EPA ibhala umthetho, iwuvulela ugqabazo lukawonke-wonke, iwuvule uphelise. Lo mthetho unamandla osemthethweni. Kuvotelwayo, eli lixesha elibalulekileyo lokuganana. Akufuneki ukuba ube lilungu leBhunga ukuphembelela inkqubo. Ungafaka ingxelo kawonke-wonke kumthetho ocetyisiweyo. I-atroffa ifuneka ngokusemthethweni ukuba ifundele kwaye iphendule kumagqabaza angundoqo. Olu hlobo luyindlela engqalileyo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwisebe eliphethe. Ungafumana la mathuba [[FLD:0]US.[FLD]

Umgaqo-nkqubo wasemzini nomyaleli-okanye

UMongameli ungubuso be-United States kwilizwe. Bathethana ngezivumelwano (ezifuna uvumo lweBhunga loburhulumente), bangene kwizivumelwano zegunya elilawulayo (ezingavunyelwanga), baze balawule imikhosi exhobileyo. Ngeli xesha iBhunga liphela linegunya lokuvakalisa imfazwe, uMongameli unegunya lokumisa amajoni iintsuku ezingama-60 phantsi kweSigqibo semfazwe. Olu ngquzulwano phakathi kwamasebe asebenza ngamandla emfazwe luphawu oluzinzileyo lwezobupolitika zaseMelika. Nokuba linomoya oya e-Syria, imikhosi yamajoni eYurophu, okanye imikhosi yemikhosi yemikhosi yemfazwe eMasidibanisemazantsi oLwandle iChina, izenzo zoMongameli njengoMkhosi-Chienonondolo zineziphendundulo ezikhawulezileyo zokhuseleko nozinzileyo. UVoter kufuneka alinganisele umgangatho wenkqubo yelizwe nolawulo lwesizwe, njengesantya esiphezulu kwimicimbi yesizwe nemicimbi yesizwe.

Isebe Eligwebayo: Ilizwi Lokugqibela KuMthetho

Isebe lejaji lisoloko libonwa njengesebe elizolileyo, kodwa amandla alo angowona apheleleyo. Ngexa iBhunga linokuwugqithisa umthetho kwaye uMongameli angawunyanzelisa, kuphela iinkundla ezinokuthi ngokuqinisekiyo umthetho [[FLT: 0] uthetha `. Ngamandla uphengululo lwezomthetho [[FLT:]], lumiselwe ngu [FLT] burybury v. Madison , iNkuNkunkulu ingumthetho ephakamileyo inokuthi iphumeze itywinwe nguMbutho kwaye ityikitywe nguMongameli ukuba iyawuchasa umGaqo-siseko.

Izivumelwano zexesha lobomi kunye nobunzima bokuphikisa

Abagwebi bomanyano, kuquka abagwebi beNkundla Ephakamileyo, bamiselwa ubomi. Basebenza ngexesha "lokuziphatha okuhle," intsingiselo bangasuswa kuphela ngokungagunyaziswa. Lo mzuzu wobomi wenzelwe ukubakhusela kwingcinezelo yezobupolitika kwaye bavumele ukuba benze izigqibo ezisekelwe kumthetho nakuMgaqo-siseko, hayi kuphando lukawonke-wonke. Noko ke, oku kubangela uxinezeleko olwaziwayo ngokuba ubunzima bombali-majotal[:: abagwebi abagwebi abagwetyiweyo bangabhukuqa ukuthanda komfamo.

Kungenxa yoko isiqinisekiso sogwebo setyala siye saba sikhulu kangaka ngokwezobupolitika. Ityala leNkundla ePhakamileyo lingasebenza iminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-40, lisebenza umthetho waseMelika emva kokuba uMongameli owawamisayo eshiyile. Ukushintshwa kweNkundla kusuka kwixesha leWarren ukuya kwixesha leRehnquist, kwandule ukuya kwixesha lika-Roberts, liye laba nempembelelo engqalileyo kwimiba efana nokuqhomfa ([[FLT:]]]] [[FLT]]]], iJackson’s Health Organization [[FLT: 1]]), ulawulo lwemipuphulo ([[FLT:][FLT]] iNew York Relifle.New York Restiorm Association .[2][5]

Inkqubo Yenkundla Yomanyano: Icebo Lokulawula

Uninzi lwamatyala karhulumente agqitywe kwiinkundla zesithili 94. Izibheno ziya kwenye yeenkundla zesiphaluka ezili-13 zokubhenela. Liqaqobana kuphela lamatyala eliviwa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo. Kwizininzi eziqulunqi, isigqibo senkundla yesiphaluka sigama lokugqibela. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukumiselwa koMongameli kwiinkundla ezisezantsi ./Izibhedlele kunye nabagwebi besiphalukane-langa kubaluleke kanye njengokumiselwa kweNkuhlela yeNkundla ePhakamileyo. Ijaji yesiphaluka kwiNku yesihlanu (ifihla iTexas, iLouasiana, neMississippi) iza kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwimithetho yokufudula nokuhamba kwamandla. Ijaji yeSixten (ibugxube iNtshona nxweme) iza kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwimeko-bume yezoko.

Ukuqonda isakhiwo sejaji kuluhlobo lwamandla ovoti. Xa uvotela uMongameli, uvota usithile sababeza kubagwebi besizwe. Xa uvotela abaBalathisi bakho, uvotela abantu abaza kuqinisekisa okanye bangabalahli abo bagwebi. Ungaphanda iingxelo zejaji zejaji zejaji kwaye uqonde isikhokelo sentandabulumko abaza kuzisa kwisihlalo. Amatshebele anjenge [[FLT: 0]] Oyez. org unikela oovimba beencwadi abapheleleyo beempikiswano zeNkundla Ephakamileyo nezigqibo, usenza kube lula ukulandela iziphumo zezigqibo zowiso zomthetho.

Uxinezeleko Olunamandla: Iingqikelelo Nolungelelwano Luyasebenza

Indlela yenziwe ukwenzela ukuba isebe ngalinye likwazi ukulinganisela amandla amanye. Olu khuhleko aluyo bug; yindawo epheleleyo. Olona vavanyo lubalulekileyo luquka:

  • [[UMTL: 0] Igosa lihlola uMongameli: ngokulawula uqingqo-mali, ukuphatha iivetoe, nokusebenzisa amandla okunganyusi.
  • uMongameli ukhangela iiKhomyutha: Ngokufaka umthetho kunye nokubiza iNgqungquthela kwintlanganiso ekhethekileyo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] INkundla ePhakamileyo ihlola zombini: ngokubhengeza imithetho kunye nezenzo zolawulo ezingekho mthethweni.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Igosa lihlola iiNkundla: ngokuqinisekisa abagwebi, ngokumisa inani labagwebi, nangokumisela utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko ukubhukuqa imithetho.

Olu xinezeleko luthetha ukuba utshintsho olukhulu lwezobupolitika lunzima. UMongameli angathembisa ukubophelela ilungelo lomthetho, kodwa bafuna iKhonkcotho ukuba iwudlulise umthetho okhukulileyo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo izakucelw'ucelw'ucelo kwinkundla ngoko nangoko. Inkundla ingakhupha umthetho obalulekileyo, kodwa ixhomekeke kwisebe elilawulayo ukunyanzelisa. Oku kuxhomekeka kudala inkqubo ekwaziyo ukumelana notshintsho olugqithisileyo, isibakala sokuba uvotisi amele aqhubeke nokulawula.

Izixhobo Zakho Eziluncedo Njengendawo Yokubhala

Ukuqonda amasebe amathathu kuguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwizenzo ezicacileyo onokuzithatha ukuze uphembelele urhulumente wakho. Nantsi indlela yokusebenzisa olu lwazi.

Qokelela kunyulo ngalunye, ingakumbi eZantsi-ebhalthi

Unyulo lomongameli lufumana eyona ngqwalasela iphambili, kodwa urhulumente nonyulo lwasekuhlaleni kulapho impembelelo esebenzisekayo yamasebe amathathu ivakala khona ngoko nangoko. Indlu yowiso-mthetho yesizwe yakho itsala izithili zeBhunga loMbutho, elimisela ukuba ngubani olawula iNdlu. indlu yowiso-mthetho ikhetha abagwebi besizwe sakho ize imisele inkqubo yerhafu karhulumente. Ibhodi yesikolo yasekuhlaleni imisela abantwana bakho uludwe lwezifundo. Ukuqonda amasebe kuthetha ukuqonda ukuba amandla aphuma ukusuka ezantsi.

Ceba Ulwalamano Lwakho Nesebe Elichanileyo

Abavoti abaninzi bayadimazeka ngenxa yokuba beqhagamshelana nesebe elingalunganga. Ukuba unengxaki ngomthetho othile wesizwe (umz., ukulibazisa kuvavanyo lwakho lokhuseleko loluntu), qhagamshelana noMmeli wakho ukuze akuncede ngeenkonzo ezi-octal. Ukuba awuvumelani nesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo, uncedo lwakho alukokukhalaza kuMongameli `kukuvota amaSenator' kunye noMongameli oza kumisela abagwebi abahlukeneyo, okanye ukuxhasa ukupheliswa komgaqo-siseko. Ukwazi apho i-back imisa ixesha kwaye yenza ukuba ukulawulwa kwakho kusebenze ngokunempumelelo.

Sebenzisa Izixhobo Zokunikela Uwonkewonke

  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] Comment kwimithetho ecetyisiweyo: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, isebe eliphetheyo kufuneka lamkele ugqabazo lukawonke-wonke kwimimiselo emitsha. Le yindlela enamandla yokuba nempembelelo ecacileyo kwinkqubo.
  • Iiholo zedolophu ezithe gqolo: Ummeli Wakho kunye namaqumrhu akho agcina iziganeko zikawonke-wonke. Buza kuwo ngezinto eziza kuqala zobuveleli bawo kunye nokuma kwawo kwimimiselo yezomthetho.
  • [[NTL:0] Umthetho weTrack: Sebenzisa i-Balpedia ukulandelela iindleko kwindlu yowiso-mthetho yezwe lakho nokuqonda ukuba ngubani oxhasayo ngemali abatshayeli bezahluleli kwimo yakho.
  • Ulandela iinkundla: Zibophelele ukuzondla kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo okanye inkundla yesiphaluka yasekuhlaleni ukubona indlela izigqibo ezichaphazela ngayo ummandla wakho ngexesha lokwenene.

Isiphelo: Inkqubo Kuphela Iyasebenza Ukuba Ubandakanyeka

Ukwahlulwa kwamagunya asiyomfundiso esemthethweni. Yinkqubo yokwakha amalungelo akho kunye neembopheleleko. Le nkqubo yenzelwe ukuba icothe, idimaze, kwaye imelane nokutshayela utshintsho. Oku kusikhusela ekucinezeleni, kodwa kufuna ukuba abemi abazingisileyo nabanolwazi ukuba basebenze kakuhle. Amasebe amathathu akayomatshini onokuwumisela uze ulibale. Ayinkqubo enamandla, esebenzayo esabela kwingcinezelo esetyenziswa nguvoti.

Xa uqonda ukuba uMongameli akanakuwutshintsha nje umthetho nge-fat, ukuba iBhunga lilawula imali, nokuba iinkundla zithetha okugqibeleyo ngamalungelo akho, uba ngummeli onamandla ngakumbi kwizilangazelelo zakho. Uyayeka ukuwela kwiholo yezopolitiko kwaye uqala ukuqaphela amaxhathisi okwenene anamandla. Uvotelo lwakho lungamafutha abangela inkqubo isebenze. Yisebenzise ngolwazi olupheleleyo ngoko ke kuthethwa ngako.