Impembelelo Eqhubekayo Yezaphuli - mthetho

Ukuqonda imiphumo yeenkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho kubalulekile kubafundi nakubafundisi abalawula inkqubo yomthetho. Ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho ayithethi nje ngokubhala impazamo edlulileyo i̬ ibangela imiqobo ehlala ihleli echaphazela umsebenzi, amalungelo oluntu, kunye nolwalamano lobuqu. Isiseko esingokwasemthethweni esinxulumene nezi ziphumo sintsonkothile kwaye sitshintsha-tshintsha ngendlela ephawulekayo, kodwa ezinye imizekelo zisebenza nyani kulo lonke elaseUnited States. Eli nqaku linikela ushwankathelo oluphandleyo lweziphumo, linikela uhlolo olucoselelekileyo lweziphumo zazo kwinkqubo engokwasemthethweni nangaphaya kwalo.

Iindidi Zolwaphulo - mthetho

Iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho zihlelwe ngokwamaqela abonisa ubungqingqwa bolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukwahlulwa komthetho kunezigwebo ezihlukeneyo kunye neziphumo ezithatha ixesha elide. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kusisiseko sokuqonda iziphumo ezibanzi ezilandela ukunyanzeleka.

Iimpazamo

Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezingekho nzulu zimela amatyala angekho mgangathweni abangela ukuba kuhlawulwe, kuvavanywe, kusetyenzwe uluntu, okanye kugqunywe entolongweni elifutshane. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka ubusela obuncinane, ukuhlasela okulula, ukuziphatha okungalungelelaniyo, kunye nexesha lokuqala le-DUI. Nangona iimpazamo zingekho zinzulu kakhulu kuneempazamo, zisadala ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho esisigxina kumazwe amaninzi, enokuvela ebudeni bovavanyo lwemvelaphi kwiminyaka ezayo. Ixesha elininzi lentolongo lokungalungelelani nonyaka wonke lingaphantsi konyaka, kwaye imimandla emininzi inikela iinkqubo zokuzilungisa ezivumela ukuba izigwebo zexesha lokuqala ziphephe ukuthembeka ngokupheleleyo.

Iinketho zegama leqela leenkwenkwezi (iyodwa) FAOobject name (optional)

Izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinzulu ziquka amatyala afana nokubulala, ukuhlasela ngokwesini, ukuphanga ngezixhobo, ukurhwebelana ngeziyobisi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri. Ukukholelwa kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunezigwebo eziqatha, kuquka ukuvalelwa entolongweni emotweni okanye kwintolongo yorhulumente ngaphezu konyaka, iimali ezininzi, kwaye kwezinye iindawo, isigwebo sokufa. Ngapha koko, isigwebo esikhawulezileyo, ukunyanzelelwa kwetyala elingunobungozi sibangela iziphumo eziphambili, kuquka ukulahlekelwa kwamalungelo okuvota, imiqathango yokugcinwa kwemiqathango, imiqathango yemiqathango yemipu, nemiqathango yeminyaka ehlala ihleli kwimisebenzi emininzi. Iingxelo zemali ezi-velisss azifane zifanele zifanele zisetyenziswe, kwaye kwiirelitiesties, iibhodini ze-mini, kunye neebhodi ze-mini.

uphazamiso

Ukwaphula umthetho okuncinane, okubandakanya amatyala emoto, ukuqhekeza inkunkuma, okanye ukubeka umthetho wesiko. Oku akugqalwa njengetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngokwengqiqo yesithethe kwaye kudla ngokuphumela ekuhlawuleni ngaphandle kwexesha lokuvalelwa. Ukwaphula umthetho akungeni kwiziphumo ezifanayo njengezobugqwetha okanye iimpazamo, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo akuveli kwii-checking zolwaphulo-mthetho eziqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula imali ehlawulwayo okanye ukuvela enkundleni ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho kusenokukhula kumbi, kukhokelela ekugunyazisweni okanye ekusohlwayeni.

Imiphumo Esemthethweni Yezaphuli - mthetho

Izigwebo ezisemthethweni ezinikezelwa ziinkundla zenzi eyona miphumo ibonakalayo kwiinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi zigwebo zidityanisiwe kwimimiselo yorhulumente neyorhulumente kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kwimo yetyala, ummangalelwa i̱ imbali yolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nesigqibo somgwebi ogwetyiweyo.

Ukuvalelwa Ejele

Ukunganyangeki kuhlala kusiso sona siqhelekileyo kwityala elinzulu lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuxhomekeke kulawulo kunye nobukhulu bolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuvalelwa ezintolongweni zasekuhlaleni (ngokuqhelekileyo kusenzelwa amampunge) okanye intolongo okanye intolongo yorhulumente (kuba kungena tyala). Ityala linokubakho ukusuka kwiintsuku eziya ebomini, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, izigwebo ezininzi zingaqhubeka, zinyusa ixesha elipheleleyo elisebenzayo. I-United States inesinye senani eliphezulu lezinto zokuvalelwa ehlabathini, phantse [[FLT:]1.9-zigidi zabantu abavalelwe entolongweni okanye intolongo, yaye ngamava athile, zithwala iziphumo ezingaphaya kokulahlekelwa yinkululeko, kuquka ukuphulukana nentsapho, ukuphulukana umsebenzi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemeko-bume yentolongo, apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda.

Iprojekthi kunye nokukhululwa okuphezulu

Inkqubo inika enye indlela yokuvalelwa, ivumela abantu ukuba bahlale kuluntu phantsi kolawulo lwenkundla. Iimeko zokulingwa zingaquka ukunikela ingxelo rhoqo kumphathi-mikhosi ovavanya iziyobisi, ukuvavanya nge-electronic, ukugada, imiqathango yokubuya kwexesha, nemiqathango enxulumene nohambo okanye unxulumano. Ukuyekelela iimeko zokuvavanywa kovavanyo kusenokuphumela ekuphelisweni nasekufakweni kwesigwebo sokuqala sentolongo. Umkhosi ojongene nesigwebo sokuqala. Ukukhululwa kwentolongo, okulandela ixesha, kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwaye kuthwala nesethi thi thwale imilinganiselo yayo. Ngoxa ukulingwa kuphepha iingozi ezikhawulezileyo zokuvalelwa kwenkululeko yobuqu okanye intlangano, kusenobunzima bokugqibeka ukugqibeka ngokunempumelelo, ingakumbi kubantu ngabanye ngaphandle kwezithuba zokuhlala okanye umsebenzi.

Iimpahla Ezintle Nezobungcwabo

Isohlwayo somnatha siyinxalenye esesikweni yesigwebo solwaphulo-mthetho. Iimali ezintle zihlawulwa kurhulumente njengesohlwayo setyala, ngoxa imbuyekezo ihlawulwa ngqo kumaxhoba ukuhlawulela ukulahlekelwa ngemali okubangelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukwenziwa kwetyala kungahlawulela iindleko zezonyango, umonakalo wempahla, imivuzo elahlekileyo, kunye nezinye iindleko ezibonakalayo. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlawula intengo okanye uhlazo kunokuthi kukhokelela ekubekelweni umvalelo, ukuhlawulwa, okanye kwanokufakwa kwemali ezindaweni ezithile. Unyuko lwetyala lasemthethweni lungachaphazela abantu ngabanye ngokungenakulinganiswa nanto, kudala umjikelo wokungantengi kwemali okubangela ukuba kungabikho ukutshintsha kungenelela kwibutho labantu.

Inkonzo yoLuntu kunye neMiqathango eMinye

Iinkundla ezininzi ziquka inkonzo yoluntu, iinkqubo zonyango lweziyobisi, iiklasi zolawulo-zomsindo, okanye izigwebo zengqondo. Ezi zigwebo zichasene nezo zingundoqo wokuziphatha kolwaphulo-mthetho ngeli xesha zinciphisa umthwalo kwiinkqubo zentolongo. Ukuphumelela kweenkqubo ezinjalo maxa wambi kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni okanye ekugxothweni kwetyala, ingakumbi kwiinkundla ezikhethekileyo ezinjengeenkundla zeziyobisi okanye iinkundla zonyango lwamarhenkene. Ezi zinye izigwebo zinika iindlela zokubuyisela indlela ekungachatshazelwa ngayo into yokuba ukuvalelwa ngokwesithethe akufuneki, nangona kusafuneka ixesha elibalulekileyo nemali enyanzelweni ngumntu ngamnye.

Imiphumo Ebuhlungu Yezaphuli - mthetho

Ngapha koko kugwetywa ngokungqalileyo, iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho zibangela ukuba kubekho iziphumo ezinokuqhubeka zikho emva kokuba isigwebo sisetyenzisiwe. Le miphumo idla ngokungabonwa ngabantu kodwa ibumba ubomi babantu ngeengxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Uludwe lwezigwebo zeSizwe zeMingcipheko yokuQonda kokuQonda nokuLawula luchaza isigwebo esingaphaya kwama-40 000 esibandakanya iingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho kulo lonke elaseUnited States.

Izithintelo Zomsebenzi

Ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho idala imiqobo emikhulu ekukhuseleni nasekulondolozeni umsebenzi. Abaqeshi abaninzi baqhuba imvelaphi njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuqesha, kwaye iinkolelo ezithile zingabathintela abatshayeli ngokungqalileyo, ingakumbi kwizikhundla ekunyamekeleni impilo, imfundo, izimali, kunye norhulumente. IKhomishini esebenzayo ikhupha isikhokelo esidambisayo sokuvala izithuba ekuqeshweni kwabantu ngeengxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa iqhinga lomqeshi lihlala liphangalele kumazwe amaninzi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho inciphisa amathuba okufumana umsebenzi wokubuyela emva komsebenzi ngama-50% okanye ngaphezulu, ukuditya okudelwa okungaphezulu kweBlabhuki kunye nakukhuphiswayo. Oku kurhobo lwabiwo lwemisetyenziso lwezoqoqosho nolwano-Arcticsccid.

Izindlu Nokungabi Nakhaya

Ukufumana izindlu ezizinzileyo ngolunye lwezona ngxaki zingxamisekileyo kubantu abaneenkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Amagunya ezindlu zikawonke-wonke angakhanyela ukuvunywa okanye ukupheliswa kwezindlu ezisekelwe kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nabanini-mthetho abasoloko besenza izicelo zembali yolwaphulo-mthetho. Umthetho womanyano uvumela amaziko ezindlu zikawonke-wonke ukuba abavumele abantu abagwetyiweyo bagwetyelwe amatyala anxulumene neziyobisi okanye iimfuno zokubhaliswa ngokwesini. Umphumo kukuba abantu abaninzi ababevalelwe ngaphambili bajamelana nokungabinandawo yokuhlala okanye bamele bahlale kwizindlu ezisemgangathweni ophezulu. Le ndawo ihlala abantu abahlala kuyo intle inciphisa impumelelo yempumelelo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye yenza kubekho ithuba elingakumbi lokubanda kwimicimbi esemthethweni.

Imiqathango Emiselwe Ngoochwepheshe

Amakhulu eencwadi zemfundo zemfundo ephakamileyo, kuquka iimvume zikarhulumente, kuquka ukunyamekela, ukufundisa, umthetho, umhlaba, ugcino-lwazi lwendalo, kunye norhwebo oluninzi. Iibhodi ezininzi zokufaka i-iankingzing zinegunya lokukhanyela, lokunqumamisa, okanye lokurhoxisa amalayisensi asekelwe kwiinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kwanaxa ityala lingangqubana nomsebenzi. Le miqathango iyakwazi ukuthintela abantu kwimisebenzi yabo yonke, ukuchitha iminyaka yokuqeqesha kunye nemfundo. Inani elikhulayo lamazwe liye lamkela i-“ i-partum; imithetho yezicelo ze-glottens, kodwa isantya sotshintsho sicotha, kwaye abantu abaninzi basajongeneemfumbatho zembali zabo zembali zezaphuli-mthetho.

Iziphumo Zokufuduka

Kubantu abangengobantu, iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho zinemiphumo enzima ngokukhethekileyo. Ezinye izigwebo zibangela ukuvalelwa ngenkani, ukugxothwa, okanye ukungavunyelwa phantsi komthetho wezentengiselwano. Kwanabo bangenayo imiphumo yokufuduka, yaye ukudibana komthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho nowokufuduka kuphakathi kweendawo ezintsonkothileyo nezinetyala. INkundla ePhakamileyo iye yaqonda ukuba ukugxothwa sisohlwaya okunzima kakhulu kwaye ifuna ukuba abamangalelwa bacelwe ngeziphumo ezinokwenzeka zokufuduka ngaphambi kokuba bacel ’ ityala. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi olo lungangeni lungangeni lwamazwe ahlala ekwimiqatha lujongeneenzalo ezisekelwe kwityala zolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokufuthi ngenxa yezenzo ezincinane.

Imfundo Noncedo Lwemali Lwabafundi

Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho linokuphazamisa amathuba emfundo. Abafundi abagwetyelwe amatyala eziyobisi basenokuphulukana nokufaneleka kwemali-mali ebolekiweyo yabafundi baseluntwini kwaye banikwe intlawulo phantsi koMthetho wemfundo ophezulu. Iikholeji ezininzi neeyunivesithi ziqhuba imbali yokuhlola abafaki-zicelo kwaye zisenokukhanyela ukuvunywa okusekelwe kwimbali yolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwanabafundi ababhaliswe ngexesha lomthetho ababhaliswe ngalo basenokujamelana nesenzo sokuqeqesha, ukugxothwa, okanye ukugxothwa. Le miqathango ithintela eyona ndlela ithembisayo yokuphuma kobuhlwempuzeko kunye nomsebenzi ozinzileyo, ngokungalindelekanga ichaphazela abantu abaselula nabantu abanombala.

Umanyano Loluntu Nolwalamano Lwentsapho

Ihlazo elinxulumene nengxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho lungalonakalisa ulwalamano lwentsapho, abahlobo, kunye nabantu abaninzi. Abantu abakwiingxelo basenokujamelana nomgwebo, ukukhutshwa, okanye ukungafunwa ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo zokuhlalisana. Kubazali, ukukhohlakala kolwaphulo-mthetho kusenokubangela uphando lwentlalo-ntle yabantwana, ukuphulukana nelungelo lobuzali, okanye ukupheliswa kwamalungelo abazali. I-Retionation and Safety Families Act imisela ixesha elinokukhokelela ekuphelisweni okusisigxilo kwamalungelo abazali ukuba umzali uvalelwe iinyanga ezili-15 okanye ngaphezulu. Le ngxaki inokubangela iziphumo ezithethsiswana, abafumana amava eengxaki engakumbi, ukuphathana nokuziphatha okuhle, nokubandakanyelwa kwenkqubo yokusesikweni.

Impembelelo Yamalungelo Abemi

Iinkolelo zolwaphulo - mthetho zichaphazela ngokungqalileyo amalungelo asisiseko asekuhlaleni, amaninzi awo angundoqo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwibutho lolawulo - melo. Ukuphulukana nala malungelo kubangela izigwebo eziphawulekayo ezisele zibekwe yinkqubo engokwasemthethweni yaye kubangela ukuba abemi babe ngamalungelo aphantsi ngokusisigxina.

Amalungelo

Ilungelo lokuvota lilelombombo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi, kodwa izigidi zamaMelika zidityanisiwe ngenxa yeenkolelo zetyala. Ngokwe- Iprojekthi yokuzilolonga [, i-4,6-zigidi zezigidi zabantu baseMelika abangakwazi ukuvota kuma-2022 ngenxa yokungavumelani kwemithetho yedemokhrasi. Le mithetho ichaphazela abantu abamnyama, apho ukuchanabeka kwentenga-mali kwemeko-ntle ngokwemo-mthetho: amanye amazwe abuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzekelayo ekugqityweni kwesigwebo, amanye afuna izicelo ezithi ngqo ekulungiseni, kunye neqaqonga lamazwe anokutshintsha okungapheliyo okunga. Le mithetho ichaphazela abantu abamnyama, apho isuka khona ipententeko yamanani angaphezulu kunamaxesha amathathu kunabemi abaninzi kunabemi jikelele.

Umnini- zixhobo zomlilo kunye nempahla

Umthetho womanyano uyawuthintela nawuphi na ogwetywayo ngetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho lwasekhaya okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho oluphosakeleyo ngenxa yokuba nemipu okanye iimbumbulu. Lo mthetho usebenza ubomi bonke ngaphandle kokuba umntu afumane ukuxolelwa okanye abuyiselwe amalungelo akhe angokwenkqubo esithethe. UMthetho wokuLawula ka-1968 waseka le miqathango, kwaye umthetho olandelayo uye wandisa ukuba baquke abantu abanolwazi lwemiyalelo yokukhusela nabo bagwetyelwe amatyala aphantsi karhulumente athile. Imiqathango isebenza nokuba ngaba ulwaphulo-mthetho lunogonyamelo okanye ngabathile lubangela na ubundlobongelanewuphi na umngcipheko, ukudala isivalo esichaphazela izigidi zabantu baseMerika.

Inkonzo kaJury

Abaninzi bathi abanokungafaneleki abantu abaneenkolelo ezingokwasemthethweni ekusebenzeni kwijaji, okanye ngokusisigxina okanye ixesha elithile emva kokugqitywa kwesigwebo sabo. Inkonzo kaJury ingumsebenzi ofanelekileyo nowaseburhulumenteni, kwaye ukulahla abantu abaneengxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho kululaza ukumela ityala. Uphando lucebisa ukuba abantu abaneengxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho bazisa iimbono ezixabisekileyo kwiingqwalasela ezinxulumene nokuququlunqa ityala yaye ukuqhatha kwabo kuba negalelo ekumeleni ukusetyenziswa kwamaqela athile amaqela asekuhlaleni kwimibutho yabeko kwiijaji. Inani elandayo lamazwe aguqula le mithetho ukuze alungise ukufaneleka kwabachotho emva kokugqitywa kwesigwebo.

Iingenelo Zasekuhlaleni Noncedo

Umthetho weFederal umisela uvalelo olusisigxina ekufumaneni iSortalial Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) kunye noncedo lwexeshana lweentsapho ezifuna ingqwalaselo (ATANF) iingenelo kubantu abavalelwe ekurhwetyweni ngeziyobisi. Abantu abagwetyelwe ukuvalelwa kokungekho mthethweni kweziyobisi basenokukhetha okanye bayilungise le miqathango. Ukungafunwa kwenzuzo yoluntu kubangela ubunzima obungakumbi kubantu ababuyela kwibutho labantu, abaninzi babo baye banciphisa amathuba omsebenzi kunye nezibonelelo ezimbalwa zemali. Unxulumano phakathi kweenkolelo zeziyobisi kunye nemigaqo eyingenelo eyingenelo zigxekwa ngokuphelisa ubuhlwempuze nokunciphisa imigudu yabo.

Indlela Ekhokelela Ekuhlaziyweni Kwasemthethweni Nokubuyiselwa

Nangona imiphumo yeenkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho inzima, inkqubo engokwasemthethweni inika abantu iindlela eziliqela zokuvavanya iinkolelo zabo, zokunciphisa izigwebo zabo, okanye zokucacisa iingxelo zabo.

Izibheno

Inkqubo yezibheno ivumela abantu ukuba bavavanye ukuthembeka kwabo okanye isigwebo kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Izibheno zokubhenela ezisemthethweni zisenokuquka iimpazamo ezingokwasemthethweni ezenziwe ngexesha lokuchotshelwa kwetyala, uncedo olungaphumeleliyo lwesiluleko, ubungqina obusandul' ukufunyanwa, okanye ukwaphulwa komGaqo-siseko. Izibheno zintsonkothile kwaye zinoxanduva olungqongqo, zinexesha elingqongqo lokufaka ixesha lokufaka izicelo. Izibheno ezininzi aziphumelelanga, kwaye umgangatho wokuzihlola umele inkundla yamatyala. Noko ke, ukubhena okuphumelelayo kungaphumela ekuwisweni kwetyala, izigwebo zicuthelwe, okanye iinkundla ezintsha ziyayalelwa. Iinkundla ze-Appleste zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho nokuqinisekisa ukuba abamangali bafumane unyango olulungileyo.

Ukususwa nokukhutshwa kweengxelo

Ukucinywa kuvumela abantu ukuba batywinwe okanye batshatyalaliswe iirekhodi zabo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokunempumelelo, besusa ukuvalwa kwetyala phambi kwabantu. Ukungafezeki kokususwa kwetyala kuyahluka kakhulu ngokobuzwe nangendlela eyiyo letyala. Ii-misdemexers ziqheleke ukuba zikulungele ukufaneleka kunee-fesili, kwaye iityala zogonyamelo zisoloko zingaqikelelwa ngokupheleleyo. Amanye amaphondo afuna ngokuzenzekelayo iingxelo ezithile, ngoxa amanye afuna isicelo esisemthethweni kunye nokuviwa yinkundla. Kwanaxa ukususwa kwetyala kuvumelekile, ingxelo isenokufumaneka kumthetho okugcina iimbalela, abaqeshi, kunye nabaqeshi abathile. Ngaphandle kwezi zithintelo, ukupheliswa komsebenzi, ukubhaliswa kwezithuba kunakho ukuphucula umsebenzi kunye namathemba okuhlala abantu ngabanye ngeengxelo ezincinane.

IPardons

Ukuxolelwa sisenzo sokuxolelwa kwegunya elilawulayo esixolela ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho nokubuyisela amalungelo athile asekuhlaleni. I-Pardons inikwa yirhuluneli yesizwe okanye uMongameli wase-United States, kuxhomekeka ekubeni eso sono singurhulumente okanye singurhulumente. Inkqubo yokuxolela ingubuchule obugqithisileyo kwaye ayifane inikwe. Amagosa amele abonise ukubuyiselwa komntu, inkonzo yoluntu, nexesha lokuziphethe ngokulandela ukuthembeka kwawo. Ukuxolelwa akuyicimi ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho kodwa kususa ezinye zeziphumo ezinxulumene namalungelo amakhaya. Intethelelo inikela ukhuseleko kumatyala apho inkqubo esemthethweni ivelise iziphumo ezingekho sikweni okanye ezibuhlungu kakhulu.

Iinkqubo Zobulungisa Ezilandelayo

Ubulungisa obuzinzileyo bugxininisa ekulungiseni umonakalo obangelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho ngokuzibophelela ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwabaphuli-mthetho, amaxhoba, kunye noluntu. Iinkqubo zingaquka ukudityaniswa kwamaxhoba, iziyilelo, okanye ukudityaniswa kwemibutho yoluntu. Abathathi-nxaxheba bayayithatha imbopheleleko ngezenzo zabo, baphulaphule impembelelo yehambo yabo kwabanye, kwaye basebenze ukuze balungise. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukulungisa iinkqubo zezobulungisa kungayinciphisa i-rentificism, kwandisa ulwaneliseko lwamaxhoba, kwaye kukhuthaza ukuphendula ngokwendlela ezingachaziyo isohlwayo.

Iinkqubo zokubuyiselwa kunye neeNkonzo zeNkxaso

Utshintsho lokusuka ekuvalelweni ukuya kubomi basekuhlaleni lolona lunzima kubantu abaneenkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Iinkqubo zolwamkelo zinika uncedo lwezindlu, uqeqesho lomsebenzi, unyango lokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ukucetyiswa kwempilo yengqondo, kunye nolawulo lwezemeko. ICance Sesibini, yaqala yadluliselwa ngo- 2008 yaza yaphinda yagunyaziswa kwakhona kwiminyaka elandelayo, ibonelela ngenkxaso-mali yeenkqubo zokubuyisela uluntu kulo lonke ilizwe. Iinkqubo zokulungisa iziphumo zinciphisa ukubuyiselwa komdla wokuzikhusela nokuphucula iziphumo zobomi, iintsapho, kunye neendawo. Noko ke, imfuneko yeenkonzo ezikude ingaphaya konikezelo, kwaye abantu abaninzi bashiya ingekho ncam kwithikithi lebhasi kunye noludwe lwamanani efowuni.

Impembelelo Ebanzi Yebutho Lezinto

Iziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho zidlulela ngaphaya komntu ngamnye ukuchaphazela iintsapho, uluntu, kunye nebutho labantu elibanzi. Ukubanjwa komsitho kubulungise ubomi baseMelika ngendlela ezinzulu, ingakumbi kuluntu olufumana imali ephantsi kunye noluntu olunemibala ephantsi. IUnited States ichitha imali engaphezulu amawaka ezigidi zee-$80 ngonyaka [ ekulungiseni, imali enokuthi ijoliswe kwimfundo, kwimpilo, izindlu, kunye nezinye iinkonzo zoluntu. Iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ezichazwe kulo lonke eli nqaku zikhuthaza ubuhlwempu kunye nento elulaza intlalo kukhuseleko lukawonke kunokuba ilunyuse.

Imigudu yotshintsho kumgangatho wesizwe nowesizwe iye yenza inkqubela kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Amaphondo amaninzi aye amisela imithetho yokunciphisa iziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo zenkolelo, kuquka ukuvalwa kwebhokisi kwiizicelo zemisebenzi, ukunwenwa komqathango, nokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota. ISivumelwano seSiko seSizwe sithintela iinkampani zikarhulumente ukuba zibuze ngembali yolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphambi kokuba zinikwe umsebenzi onxulumene nemibandela. Le inguqulelo ibonakalisa ukuqwalaselwa okukhulayo kokuba iziphumo zeengqeqesho zolwaphulo-mthetho zifanele zilungelelane, ziphinde zihlaziswe, ziphinde zifumane amalungelo okuvote, zijoliswe ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke kunokuba zijoliswe kwisohlwayo olusisigxilo.

Isiphelo

Iinkolelo zolwaphulo-mthetho zinemiphumo ebalulekileyo engokwasemthethweni neyobuqu engaphaya kwenkundla. Ulawulo olusemthethweni olulawula le miphumo lupheliswa, ukuvalelwa kwemisebenzi, ukuhlaliswa kwemisebenzi, ukuphulukana namalungelo abantu, nokuhlaziswa kwentsebenziswano, iziphumo zetyala zinokubakho ubomi bonke. Ukuqonda ezi ziphumo zibalulekile kubafundisi, abafundi, iingcali zezomthetho, kunye naye nabani na obandakanyekileyo kwinkqubo yokusesikweni. Ulawulo olulawula le miphumo luphengulukile, kodwa utshintsho olunentsingiselo lufuna ingqalelo eqhubekayo kwimpembelelo yoluntu kwiingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nokuzinikela ekwenzeni inkqubo elungele ukuphendula ithuba lokuhlangulwa.