Indlela Imithetho Yoshishino Yasekuhlaleni Ekuchaphazela Ngayo Ukuthenga

Luluntu ngalunye lunemithetho yalo elawula indlela amashishini asebenza ngayo. Le mimiselo yoshishino yasekuhlaleni , iintlawulo, iinkcitho, iikhowudi zempilo, imiqathango yokutyikitya, kunye nemiqathango yokusebenza iiyure . Ngokungqalileyo gqiba ukuba ziziphi izitore ezivulekileyo, zithengisa ntoni, kwaye xa uthengisela. Nangona isoloko yenzelwe ukukhusela ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke okanye ukulondoloza uluntu oluhlala kulo, le migaqo inokuba neziphumo ezingacwangciswanga ziziphumo kwintlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo, iindleko, kunye noncedo lokuthenga olukhoyo kubantu abahlala apho. Ukuqonda iziphumo ezi zizinto ezikhoyo kule mithetho kunceda abathengi bafumane ubuchule bokukhetha kwaye baxhobise abanini beshishini ukuba balungele ukuqhuba indawo elungeleyo.

Isiseko somsebenzi wemithetho yeBhunga lasekuhlaleni

Imimiselo yoshishino yasekuhlaleni iquka uludwe olubanzi lwemigaqo equlunqwe ngamabhunga esixeko, amabhunga ephondo, okanye iibhodi zengingqi. Le mithetho yenzelwe ukukhuthaza impilo yoluntu, ukhuseleko, nentlalo-ntle, kodwa ukuzalisekisa kwayo kungahluka kakhulu ukusuka kumazwe ngamazwe ukuya kwelinye. Iindidi ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Amasiko anika izindululo - Yohlula umhlaba ube zizithili (izorhwebo, ezoshishino) kwaye achaze ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi yeshishini evunyelweyo kwilizwe ngalinye.
  • Igunyazisa nokuvumela [ – Ifuna amashishini ukufumana amalayisensi eshishini, imvume yempilo, okanye imvume ekhethekileyo (umz., ukuthengisa ngotywala okanye ukulungiselela ukutya).
  • [[Ukwakha:0] kunye nekhowudi zokhuseleko – Yenza ulwelo lwemilinganiselo yesakhiwo, imilinganiso yokhuseleko lomlilo, kunye neempawu zokufumaneka.
  • Umqondiso kunye nemiqathango yezibhengezo – guqula ubungakanani, ulwahlulo, kunye nokukhanya kwemiqondiso yevenkile.
  • Iiyure eziphithizelayo kunye nemithetho yengxolo – Imida xa amashishini enokuvulwa okanye xa kunokwenzeka ukuthunyelwa kwemali.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imimiselo yesiseko – ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma esetyenziswa ziidilesi, ukukhutshwa komphunga, kunye nomgangatho wengxolo.

Ukuqonda esi sakhiwo linyathelo lokuqala lokuqonda indlela yokuphembelela intengiso yemihla ngemihla – ukusuka kumama- kunye nepop kwibhaka lobhaka kwiMain Street ukuya kumthengisi webhokisi enkulu kumphetho wedolophu. Ngokwe Inani lesizwe le-Intelligence Business [, phantse amashumi amane% abanini bezoshishino bakhankanya imimiselo karhulumente njengenye yemingeni yabo emithathu ephezulu, ibalase ubunzima behlabathi bemithetho yasekuhlaleni.

Imiphumo Ekwesahluke Kwamashishini Neentlobo Ngeentlobo Zorhwebo

Iivenkile, iivenkile zokutyela, kunye nezibonelelo zeenkonzo ezikhoyo kuluntu ubukhulu becala zibunjwa yimekobume elawulayo. Xa imimiselo ingqongqo kakhulu, ngokungazi banokuphazamisa ukuxubana kwamashishini okwenza isithili sokuthenga sibe nentabalala.

Ukuxuba Imithetho Elinganiselweyo

Imimiselo yokulungisa izithuthi idla ngokuyila amacandelo ahlukeneyo evenkileni, indawo yokuhlala, kunye nemisebenzi yemizi - mveliso. Ngoxa oku kwahlula kunokuthintela ungquzulwano (umz., ukugcina ivenkile yokulungisa imoto engxolayo kwindawo ezolileyo), kwakhona kunokuthintela amashishini asebenzisanayo ekusebenziseni i-coplastiki. Umzekelo, uluntu oluthi ngokungqongqo zonke izintengiso zingene kwipaseji enye yentengiso lungakuthintela ukusekwa kwemimandla ehambayo apho abemi banokuthenga khona kufuphi nekhaya. i-Stronks synds ctionns ctions [[[ ibhale indlela eziphelelwe lixesha ngayo imigaqo ephelelwa lixesha enokuthi ithintele ukuthengisa intengiso encinane nokukhuthaza ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi, iinqwelo-moto ezithengingqi.

Ukuhlahlela Iindleko Njengesithintelo Sokungena

Ukufumana iphepha-mvume leshishini okanye imvume ekhethekileyo kusoloko kubandakanya iindleko, uhlolo, kunye namaphepha-mvume anokuthwaliswa ngokungenakulinganiswa ngabathengisi abancinane. Umpheki ophambili ofuna ukuvula ibhaka elincinane angafuna imvume yokutya, imvume yokubhala, uvavanyo lwesebe lezempilo, yaye mhlawumbi unxunguphalo ukuba indawo ayihlawulwanga ukuze kusetyenziselwe urhwebo. Oku kunyuka nokulibazisa kunganyanzela abanini beshishini abancinane ukuba balahle iinjongo zabo okanye basebenze ngokungacwangciswanga, kunciphise ukwahluka-hluka-hlukene kwamashishini asemthethweni asekuhlaleni.

Impembelelo Kwisithuthi Nezitore Zobuhlanga

Imithetho engeyoyantsonkotha ngokwesithethe ingenza amashishini afudukayo ↑ okanye amancinane anokusebenza ngemodeli eyahlukileyo (umz., imiqathango yemicroplass okanye abathengisi basesitratweni). Imithetho yempilo engqongqo ebhalelwe amagumbi okutyela apheleleyo anesakhemente, umzekelo, ingenza kube nzima kwintsapho esemakhayeni ungqameko ka ārun tamale ukufumana imvume. Isiphumo kukulahlekelwa yintengiso ekhethekileyo ekhethekileyo kunye nezithethe zokuthenga izinto eziya kucebisa uluntu.

Indlela Ukubuyiselwa Kwenkqubo Elandelayo Okukhuthaza Ngayo Amatyathanga Azimeleyo

Abathengisi abakhulu bamatyathanga basoloko benesebe elisemthethweni nelithobelayo elikwaziyo ukuqhuba imiqobo entsonkothileyo elawulayo ngokunempumelelo kunenye i-odoli. Xa imimiselo yasekuhlaleni iqhekeziwe, ixabisa kakhulu, okanye i-XSP, amatyathanga afumana uncedo lokhuphiswano. Oku kunokukhokelela kumhlaba wevenkile othengiswe ngohlobo oluthile apho iimpahla zelizwe zithatha indawo yenkululeko, ekugqibeleni zinciphisa ukhetho lwabathengi.

Ukhetho Lomthengi Nexabiso Lokuthenga

Amava apheleleyo entengiso anxulumene ngqo nendlela imithetho echaphazela ngayo iinguqu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhoyo. Xa umthetho unciphisa inani lamashishini akhuphisanayo, abathengi bahlawula ixabiso ngokukhetha okulinganiselweyo namaxabiso aphezulu.

Iinketho ezincinci zikhokelela kumandla ancinci anokufumaneka

Ingcamango yezoqoqosho ithi abakhuphi abaninzi badla ngokukhokelela kumgangatho ophantsi kunye noncedo olungcono. Kwimarike elungelelanisiweyo apho amashishini ambalwa kuphela anokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuthengisa nokuhlanganisa, loo mashishini asebenza ngoxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo. Ama-2021 ahlolwa yi- Iziko leMercatus afumanisa ukuba iimfuno zokusebenza kwe-inja zasekuhlaleni zodwa zinyusa iindleko nge3% ukuya kwi 10% kwimizi-mveliso elungelelanisiweyo. Xa iivenkile ezimbini kuphela zisebenza kwidolophu yonke, zinezikhuthazo ezincinane zokunyusa amaxabiso okanye ukuphucula iprojektha.

Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Zokunikela

Ngoxa iingenelo ezithe ngqo zolawulo (njengokhuseleko lokutya) zibonakala, amaxabiso afihlakeleyo adla ngokufihla amaxabiso eshelefu ephezulu. Amashishini agqithisa iindleko zokuthobelana – iindleko zokuhlawula, ukukhangelwa, ukuhlaziywa komthetho, ukuhlangabezana nekhowudi yokwakha, uqeqesho olongezelelweyo lwabasebenzi – kubathengi. Ivenkile encinane ye-hawardware ingabiza imali engaphezulu kwinto nganye kunemali enkulu ekhutshwayo kuba nje iindleko zayo ezizinziweyo ngonyawo olunye unyawo oluzikwere ziphezulu ngenxa yeemfuno zemvume zasekuhlaleni ukuba ivenkile enkulu ikwazi ukuqokelela unyawo olukhulu.

Imiqathango Kukhetho Lwemveliso

Eminye imithetho yasekuhlaleni ilinganisela ngokuthe ngqo oko kunokuthengiswa. Umzekelo, oomasipala abaninzi banemithetho ethintela ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezithile ezifana necuba elinongiweyo, ii-soda ezinkulu, okanye iintlobo ezithile zeplastiki. Ngoxa le mithetho isenokunceda usukelo lwempilo kawonke-wonke okanye lwemeko-bume, banciphisa uludwe lwemveliso ezikhoyo kubathengi. Umthengi ukhangela uhlobo oluthile lwamanzi acwengileyo okanye ikhitshi elingasetyenziswanga kwikhitshi elinotyanga elinombala ophezulu kufuneka ahambe edolophini elingummelwane onemithetho eyahlukeneyo.

Iiyure Zeshishini, Ukufikeleleka Nokunelisa

Xa uthenge nendlela onokuyilungisa ngayo imiqathango yasekuhlaleni yeeyure zokusebenza, ingxolo, ukumisa nokufumaneka. Le mithetho isoloko ingazimiselanga kodwa ingenza ukhuhleko kubathengi.

Ukusebenzisa Iyure

Ezinye iindawo zimisela iiyure zokusebenza kwentengiso ukunciphisa ingxolo, iimoto, okanye ungcoliso olulula. Nangona oku kunganceda abemi abakufutshane nendawo yokuhlala, kunokuba nzima kubathengi abasebenza emva kwexesha okanye abanemiqathango engaqhelekiyo. “umthetho wentshontsho” othintela ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezithile ngeCawa, umzekelo, unyanzela abathengi ukuba banyanzelise imisebenzi yabo kwientsuku ezintandathu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuxinzelweni kwemijuxuzo ngoMgqibelo. Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abasebenza ngemibutho elungeleleneyo basoloko bebona ulwaneliseko oluphezulu nolwemibutho yangokuhlwa.

Ukufikeleleka Nabemi baseMerika Abanezenzo Zokukhubazeka

Ukunyanzeliswa kweemfuno ze-ADA zasekuhlaleni – ezifana nokungena okufikelelekayo, izindlu zangasese, kunye nezithuba zokumisa – kubaluleke ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amalungu oluntu anokuthenga ngokunempumelelo. Noko ke, iindawo ezindala ezigcina izilwanyana zinokufakelwa kwimfuno ezithile, zidala umahluko ekufikeleleni. Iingingqi ezithi ngokuqhubekayo zamkele imigaqo engakumbi yokufumaneka yasekuhlaleni (umz., kufuna iipaseji ezitheneyo okanye ii-tecreji ezifikelelekayo) ziphucula amava okuthenga kubantu abaneziphene, abathengi, abakhulileyo, nabazali abahamba ngeenqwelo-moya.

Ukupakisha Nemithetho Yezorhwebo

Iimfuno zokumisa zasekuhlaleni – amanani aphantsi ezithuba kumgangatho osisikwere wendawo yokuthengisa – angaphembelela apho uthengela khona nendlela othenga ngayo. Ubuncinane obugqithisileyo bunganyanzela amashishini ukuba avule iindawo ezinkulu, akhuthaze ukuhamba ngemoto nokuthenga izinto ezihambayo. Kwelinye icala, zimbalwa iindawo zokupaka ezinokuthi zithintele abathengi ekutyeleni idolophu. Iingingqi ezihambelanayo ziyazama ukumisa iipatroniki kunye nokuvumela iivenkile zokutyela okanye iimarike zexeshana, ezinokunyusa ukuthenga ngaphandle kobunzima obugqithisileyo.

Imisebenzi Yezoqoqosho Kuluntu

Ngaphandle kohambo lokuya kuthenga ngamanye amazwe, imithetho yasekuhlaleni inemiphumo enzulu yezoqoqosho echaphazela imisebenzi, irhafu nempilo yemali yabantu.

Ukwenziwa komsebenzi kunye nolungiso oluncinci loshishino

Ngokwe- U.S. Ulawulo oluncinci lweshishini , amashishini amancinci atyala isibini sesithathu somsebenzi omtsha womnatha. Kodwa ulawulo oluninzi lungacotha ulwakhiwo lweshishini. Uphando lweWorld Bank's Doing Business lufumanise ukuba ixesha nexabiso lokuqalisa ishishini lahlukile ngokubanzi ngokwendawo; ulawulo olunenkqubo ezilula, ezicace ngakumbi lubona amaqondo aphezulu obhaliso olutsha loshishino. Xa isixeko sinciphisa inani leentsuku zokufumana ilayisensi ukusuka kuma 90 ukuya kumzekelo 10, urhwebo oluninzi lungena emarikeni, kudala imisebenzi emininzi yasekuhlaleni.

Ingeniso yerhafu yasekuhlaleni kunye nempilo entle

Amashishini anegalelo kwirhafu yerhafu yasekuhlaleni ngokuhlawula iirhafu zentengiso, iirhafu zempahla, kunye nerhafu yelayisensi yeshishini. Xa imimiselo yenza kube nzima ngamashishini ukuvula okanye ukwandisa, isiseko serhafu sasekuhlaleni sincitshiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukulawulwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yonxulumano kusenokukhuthaza umsebenzi wezorhwebo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimirhumo ephakamileyo yerhafu eqokelela izikolo, iindlela, nokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke-wonke. [[FLT: 0] ISixeko soLawulo somhlaba/i-Mbutho woLawulo lwezentengiso [[[FLTLT:1]] iphawula ukuba abantu abahlala belungele ukuhambelana kwemibutho basoloko babona ukukhula okunamandla kwentengiso kunye nokuphucula uhlalo lwemali kamasipala.

Izindlu Nezindlu Zokwenyaniso

Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zinguphawu oluqhelekileyo lwemithetho engqongqo kakhulu. Xa iinguqu ezibekwa kwindawo ethile okanye zinzima ukuvumela abahlali abatsha badibane, iimpawu zentengiselwano zingahlala zingenanto, zirhuqe amaxabiso empahla ekufuphi nazo zibangele ukuphelelwa kwembono. Kwelinye icala, zijoliswe ekulungiseni ulungelelwano olubugocigoci – njengokuvumela iivenkile zokupopoppropu kwindawo ezigcina izinto ezingenanto – zingavuselela imimandla yentengiso kwaye zitsale utyalo olutsha.

Ukubandakanyeka nomthetho woluntu

Eyona mithetho isebenzayo yezoshishino yasekuhlaleni yileyo iveliswe ngegalelo elisebenzayo kubathengi nakubaphathi beshishini. Uluntu olubandakanyekileyo lungamisela imithetho exhasa imekobume yokuthenga echukumiseke, eyahlukahlukeneyo ngoxa isekhusela impilo yoluntu nokhuseleko.

Ukuba Nenxaxheba Kwiintlanganiso Zeendlebe Nezokuceba

Iintlanganiso zebhunga lesiXeko, ukulungiselela ukuchongwa kwetyala, neentlanganiso zebhodi eziqengqelekayo zibalulekile ekuvakaliseni inkxalabo ngemimiselo ecetyisiweyo. Abahlali bangaxhasa imithetho ekhuthaza ukukhula koshishino oluncinane, njengemfuno encitshisiweyo yokupaka, okanye imvume yamashishini asekhaya. Abanini-mali banganikela inkcazelo ngendlela umthetho othile oza kuchaphazela ngayo imisebenzi yabo kunye neprojekthi.

Ukuyila okanye ukuthelekisa amaQela oshishino asekuhlaleni

Isenzo sokuqokelela sifaka amazwi abantu ngabanye. Amagumbi orhwebo, amanxuwa asembindini wedolophu, kunye namaqumrhu anxulumene norhwebo asoloko eqwalasela ukutshintshwa komgaqo kunye nokutsalelwa kwemigaqo yeprojekthi. La maqela akwanceda amalungu asebenzisa imimiselo ekhoyo ngokubelana ngemisebenzi elungileyo nangezobuncwane obusemthethweni. Xa umanyano lwezoshishino lusebenza ngokusondelene norhulumente wasekuhlaleni, iziphumo zidla ngokuba luludwe olulungeleleneyo lwemithetho exhasa ubunewuni boqoqosho kunye nobume bentlalo.

Ukusebenzisa Amandla Okutya Okuthenga

Abantu banokuphembelela umgaqo ngokungangqalanga ngokukhuthaza amashishini alandela ezona zinto zilungileyo nangokubonisa amagosa akhethiweyo izinto akhetha kuzo. Umzekelo, ukuba imilinganiselo yoluntu kwiivenkile zokutyela ezisecaleni, abahlali bangaxhasa imithetho yokukhulula iilori zokutyela ngaphandle. Ukuba iilori zokutya zithandwa kodwa zithweswe yimvume eninzi, abathengi bangacela isixeko ukuba benze inkqubo yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya ohambayo. Unxulumano lungumqhubi onamandla wokutshintsha iprojekthi, ingakumbi xa ludityaniswe nonxibelelwano olucacileyo kubenzi benkqubo.

Umzekelo: Utshintsho Oluphumelelayo Kwisixeko Esincinane

Isixeko esiphakathi kwiMidwest centred siphucule ikhowudi yaso yokulungisa “indawo ebekwe kwindawo ebanzi” evumela ukuba kuthengwe, iofisi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezindlu kwisakhiwo esinye ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekileyo. Ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, inani lamashishini amatsha amatsha lanyuka ngama-40%, amaqondo aphezulu nge-15%, kwaye idolophu yaba yindawo yokuthenga ethandwayo. Utshintsho lwaqhutywa ngumbutho wabemi, abanini-mashishini, kunye nesebe lokucwangcisa isixeko ababephethe amatsha amatsha amatsha amatsha amatsha eeofisi kawonke.

Ukulungelelana: Ingcamango Esebenza Kumntu Wonke

Akukho butho linokusebenza ngaphandle komgangatho othile wolawulo lwezoshishino – uhlolo lwezempilo, imigangatho yokwakha ekhuselekileyo, kunye nokuhlahlela ukukhula okucwangcisiweyo kuyafuneka. Noko ke, eyona ndawo iphumelelayo ekuthengwa kuyo yileyo ilungelelaniswe kakuhle apho imimiselo ilungelelaniswe kakuhle ukuxhasa, hayi ukucinezela, urhwebo lwasekuhlaleni. Imigaqo engundoqo yomgaqo olungeleleneyo iquka:

  • Iprojekthi i- – Imithetho kufuneka ilinganiswe nomngcipheko abawubhekisa (umz., inqwelo eshushu yenja akufunekanga ijongene nemfuno efana neresitore epheleleyo).
  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Imilinganiselo – iimfuno, iindleko, kunye neenkqubo kufuneka zicace kwaye kube lula ukufumana kwi-intanethi okanye kwiholo yesixeko.
  • Ukungatshintshi – iikhowudi zokulungisa mazivumele ukusebenzisa kwakhona izakhiwo, amashishini asekelwe ekhaya, kunye nokuvelisa iimodeli zentengiso njenge pop pulaup kunye neencopho ze-intanethi.
  • uhlolo lwePriodic-Imithetho kufuneka ijongwe rhoqo kwiminyaka embalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala ifanelekile kwaye ayiyileki imiqobo engacwangciswanga.

Xa le migaqo isetyenziswa, abantu banandipha izinto ezingakumbi abanokuthenga kuzo, amaxabiso aphantsi, ukuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho yasekuhlaleni.

Isiphelo

Imimiselo yezoshishino yasekuhlaleni ikude neenkcukacha ezincinane zolawulo – zingumandla asisiseko achaphazela urhwebo lwendawo yoluntu ngalunye. Ukusuka kwiintlobo-ntlobo zezitore kwiMain Street ukuya kumaxabiso esherufu neeyure onokuzithenga, le mithetho ichaphazela zonke iinxenye zamava omthengi. Ngokuqonda indlela yokuhlanganisa, ukukhupha ii-imfijoli, imigaqo-nkqubo yezempilo, kunye neminye imithetho echaphazela ukuthenga, abami bangaba ngabameli bemithetho ekhuthaza ukusetyenziswa, ukufumaneka nokutyeba nempilo kwemali. Nabanini bamashishini abanokuyibamba kakuhle le ndawo ukuze bayisebenzise ngokunempumelelo abathengi. Ekupheleni, usukelo luyindawo apho abathengi nabathengi kunye nabathengi bethengisa bethenga bethenga bezinto basebenza kunye.