Imiphumo Yokunganikezeli Kwehlabathi Lonke Kuhambo Lwamashishini LwaseIreland

Amatyathanga okunikezela awenziwe emhlabeni wonke ukususela ngo-2020, kwaye uqoqosho olunzima lwase-Ireland luye lwava ukunyikima. Indyikitya yokunqongophala kweSuez Canal e-Union ngoMatshi 2021, ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine, kunye nobunzima obungapheliyo be-Phondo ye-Phondo phakathi kwe-United States ne-China ziye zadityaniswa ukwenza imekobume enxunguphalisayo ukwenzela ukushukuma kwezinto. I-Ireland/a encinane, i-indleko apho kuthunyelwa khona iingxelo ze-100% ye-GDP.

Ngelixesha ii-afleam zebhotile yebhotile ithe phucukile, isakhiwo sishiyeke. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela ukuphazamiseka konikezelo lwetsheyina lomhlaba wonke okuye kwalungisa ngayo ukuhamba korhwebo lwase-Ireland, iziphumo ezicacileyo zecandelo, iimpendulo ezivela kumashishini nakubenzi benkqubo, kunye noko ikamva likuphathele uhlanga lwesiqithi olumele lurhwebe nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ukuze luphumelele.

Ukuqonda Iziphene Zale Mihla Zokuvelisa

Amatyathanga okunikezela angeyomibhobho yemibhobho yemibhobho kodwa iiweb ezintsonkothileyo ezinqamleza amazwekazi amaninzi kunye neengingqi zamaxesha. Ukuphazamiseka kungavela naphi na: ukuvalwa komzi - mveliso kuMzantsi mpuma Asia, ukubetha kwezibuko kuMntla Yurophu, imbalela epasejini yePanama, okanye isikhonkwane esingxamisekileyo esifuna abasebenzi abangephi. Iziphumo zamanzi akhawulezileyo ngenxa yezenzo zoludwe [[FLT:] lwamanani eencwadini kunye [FLT] kunye [FLT]-injini yokwakha ngexesha eliqhelekileyo[

Isifo esingubhubhani sazisa imfuneko kunye nokunikezela uloyiko. Iinqanawa zokubophelela imoto zabangela ukuba imizi - mveliso imale, ngelixesha ukhuthuzo lwemali lwatyhalela ukuchithwa kwemali ethengiswayo kwiimpahla kunokuba kusetyenzwe. Isalathisi sorhwebo sikhoke kakhulu. Isalathisi sorhwebo ngenqanawa sehlabathi sinyuke ngaphezu kwe 500% phakathi ko 2020 kunye no-2021. Isiqhagamsheli sokuxinana kwemigxobho emikhulu njengeShanghai, Rotterdam, kunye neLos Angeles yenza iziphumo ezithatha iinyanga ukucacisa. EIreland, exhomekeke kuzo zombini umthwalo wolwandle (ingakumbi kwiPort, iRoslare, kunye neCork) kunye nothulo lomoya (kwixabiso eliphezulu lombane kunye nombane), ezi ndawo zomhlaba eziguqulelwe kwizinto ezithenjiweyo ezithelwe kude kunye neemali eziphezulu.

Uxinezeleko lwezobupolitika lwadibanisa olunye umaleko. I-Breet yazisa izithethe phakathi kwe-Ireland ne-Great Britain, yenza kube nzima indlela yebridge evumela izinto zase-Irish ukuba zifike kwilizwekazi leYurophu ngokukhawuleza. Imfazwe eUkraine yaphazamisa amaxabiso amandla kwaye yasongela iimpahla zokutya okuziinkozo kunye nezixhobo ze-fetriser, ibetha icandelo lokutya kwe-agri enzima kakhulu. Okwangoku, ukhupho lwase i-US-China lwabangela ukuba ezinye izizwe zamazwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo zicinge ngesiseko sazo sase-Asia, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho ubungozi kunye namathuba emisebenzi esekelwe e-Irish.

Impembelelo Ekuhambeni Kwezorhwebo EIreland: Indinyana

Urhwebo lwempahla neenkonzo zase-Ireland zidlule kwi-0.1.5 ezigidi zezigidi ngo-202, ngokwe- i-Central Statistics Office (CSO). Ukurhweba kwamanye amazwe kulawulwa ngamayeza, imichiza, nemichiza, kunye neenkonzo zekhompyutha, ngeli lixa ezingeniswayo ziquka oomatshini, iinqwelo-moya, kunye nepetroyile.

Izangaphandle ezilibazisayo kunye nezirhwebiso

Ngexesha lokunqongophala kwezikhongozeli ngowama-2021, abangenisi bezinto ezingalungiswanga kunye nempahla eziphakathi baxelwa ixesha lokukhokelwa kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Iinkampani zenkcubeko, ezisebenza kwimigca eqinileyo yexesha, zajamelana nolibaziseko ekufumaneni izithako ezisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha. Kwicala lokuthumela ngaphandle, izinto ezonakala njengemveliso yobisi kunye nenyama yenkomo entsha edityaniswe kwizibuko nakwibriji yomhlaba onqamlezayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphangweni nasekulahlekelweni yintengiso.

Ugcino-lwazi olusuka kwi-Irish Transporters Association lubonisa ukuba ulibaziseko lwathathwa ngama-72% eefemu zamalungu njengocelomngeni olubalulekileyo ku-2021-2020222. Ngoxa umthamo uphucukile, ixesha lezinto ezisetyenziswa ehlabathini lonke, eliphantsi, nelinokuthenjwa alisaqinisekiswa.

Iindleko Ezandisiweyo

Iindleko zezithuthi zebhokisi yenyawo ezingama-40 ukusuka e-Asia ukuya kuMntla Yurophu zafikelela kwincopho engaphezulu kwe-R1000 ekupheleni konyaka ka-2021, malunga neshumi eliphindwe ngomlinganiselo wangaphambi kwepandemic. Ezi ndleko zikhutshwe ngetsheyina lokunikezela. Abenzi be-Ireland banikela ingxelo yokuba indleko yezinto ezingenisiweyo yanyuka nge-15.25% ngexesha lokuphazamiseka. Ukudlula kwemali kuthengwa kwanegalelo ekunyukeni kwexabiso elathi iBhanki yaseMbindini lase-Ireland lalawula ukususela ngo-20222.

Ngapha koko kuthuthwa, amaxabiso amandla emva kokuhlasela kwe-Ukraine anyusa ixabiso lemveliso kucandelo olunamandla anjengesamente, intsimbi, kunye nemisebenzi ye-data. Ngelixesha urhulumente weshishini lerhafu nemisebenzi engoonobuchule eIreland ihlala inomtsalane, uxinzelelo lwexabiso lwenze ezinye iziko zacingela ukuqina kwemixokelelwano yazo esekelwe eIreland.

Ukunikezela ngokunciphisa kwegalelo elibalulekileyo

I-Smi genokers yayingumxholo ophambili emhlabeni wonke, kwaye i-Ireland yayingenayo impembelelo. Eli lizwe lifumana imisebenzi emikhulu yeenkampani ezinjenge Intel, i-Analog Amacebo, neQualm, kodwa indalo yobugcisa obubanzi . iquka abenzi bezixhobo zonyango kunye nabanikeli bezixhobo ze-auto abaxhomekeke kwimibhobho yokuvelisa. Ukunqongophala kwe-cpu kwabangela ukuba imveliso yemveliso ingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye kwanyanzelela ezinye iifemfo zangaphambili ze-margin kwimveliso ephezulu kakhulu.

Ukunqongophala kwezinto eziphathekayo okungacocekanga kwagaleleka. I-steel, i-aluminiyam, kunye nezinye iiplastiki zaba nzima ukuphuma kumthombo ngo-2021, ukucotha kolwakhiwo kunye namacandelo okupakisha. Amashishini ee-Agri okutya ajongene ne-SCR kwixabiso le-feriliser, eyaphinda-phindeka kathathu ngowama-20222, ukufunxa imida yefama kunye nokunyusa iindleko zokutya kubathengi.

Uhlalutyo oluzizo lwehlelo

Intengiselwano yezorhwebo yase-Ireland igxininise ngokungaqhelekanga. Iindidi ezintlanu eziphambili zemveliso zityala malunga nama-80% ezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukungalawuleki kuchaphazele icandelo ngalinye ngokwahlukileyo.

Imithi Nenzululwazi Ngobomi

I-Ireland ingumphathi wesithathu orhweba ngaphandle wamayeza ehlabathini, kunye neenkampani ezifana nePferzer, Johnson & Johnson, kunye noNovartis amaziko angundoqo asebenzayo. Ezimveliso zixabiso eliphezulu, zidla ngokuba nesantya sobushushu, kwaye zilawulwa kakhulu. Ishishini lixhomekeke kuthutho lomoya ukwenzela ukuthunyelwa kwexesha elinoxinzelelo lwexesha kunye newebhsayithi enzima yothako lwamayeza (API) abathengisi abasuka eTshayina naseIndiya.

Ngexesha lobhubhani, amandla omthwalo womoya awohloka njengoko iinqwelo-moya zabakhweli ezithwele umthwalo wasiwa phantsi. Icandelo lamayeza laphendula ngokuqesha iinqwelo-moya ezinikezelweyo kunye nokubeka uludwe lwezinto ezithile. I-EU ye- Pharmautical Strategy [ kunye nenkxaso karhulumente wase-Ireland kwimveliso ephambili iye yanceda ekulondolozeni imveliso, kodwa icandelo lihlala lisengcungcuthene kwi-geous eAsia-atlongss e-atlonety e-A.

Isidlo se-Agri

Ii-agri ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zase-Ireland zazixabisa ngaphezu kwe-CRC16 bhiliyoni yezigidi ngonyaka wama-202, zilawulwa yimiqhaphu, inyama yenkomo, nokutya okulungisiweyo. Icandelo lixhomekeke kakhulu kwibhulorho yomhlaba we-UK ukuze likwazi ukufikelela kwiimarike zelizwekazi laseYurophu. IBrexit yasungula ulawulo lwezorhwebo, kunye nokuveliswa kweModeli ye-UK's Couver Operating kwabangela ukuba lilibazise kumazibuko eBritani. Okulandelayo, urhulumente wase-Ireland wanika inkxaso ekuphuhlisweni kwemizila yenqanawa ukuya kwilizwe laseYurophu, kuquka iinkonzo ukusuka eRosslare ukuya eBriblob kunye naseCherbourg.

Uphazamiseko lwetsheyina lokunikezela lwandisa amaxabiso olwazi olungenisiweyo. Ukutyiwa, ifetrile, kunye nepetroli zanyuka kakhulu. Imfazwe eUkraine yanqumla imvelaphi engundoqo yengqolowa ne-oyile yelanga, inyanzela abalimi base-Ireland ukuba bafune ezinye iimpahla. Icandelo libonise ugcino-lwazi, kodwa utyekelo olude lwexesha lojikelezo-mgano kunye nokhuthazo oluqinileyo olukwimveliso engundoqo [[[FLTLT:3]] luyayayandisa, kunye nabaninzi abasebenzi benkqubo yokutya ukutya base-Ireland abathengi bevelise ekhaya.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nombane

I-Ireland lisebe laseYurophu lemizi-mveliso yamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka i-Apple, i-Google, i-Dell, kunye ne-HP. Ngelixesha urhwebo lwazo oluninzi luquka iinkonzo (i-stawe, ilifu, izibhengezo zamanani), izixhobo kunye namalungu. Ukunqongophala kwendlela yokusebenza kwanyanzelisa abenzi beeseva ukuba babambezele iimpahla. I-Dell ne-HP, zombini ezinomsebenzi wendibano e-Ireland, zinike ingxelo yamaxesha angaphezulu esikhokelo.

Kumacala alungileyo, ukutyhalela ubuchule bokwandiswa kwe-injini yokwakheka ngokwayo kwi-EU phantsi komthetho we-European Chips kukhokelele kwizicelo ezintsha zotyalo-mali eIreland. I-Intel ekhoyo kwi-Fab 24 eLeixlippe kunye nolwandiso lwayo olucwangcisiweyo kwi-Kildare yinxalenye yeqhinga elikhulu lokwakha amatyathanga enziwe ngokunamandla phakathi kweYurophu. I-IDIRLAND ibilithengisa ngokukhutheleyo njengendawo yokuyila nokuyila nokunyusa i-R&mamp;D ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabavelisi be-Asia.

Urhwebo lweenkonzo

Iinkonzo zenziwe ngaphezu kwama-50% ezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zase-Ireland, ikakhulu iinkonzo zemali, i-inshorensi, kunye nezinto ze-oyile. Ngeli xesha zichanabeke kakhulu kukuphazamiseka konikezelo oluphathekayo, icandelo lichaphazeleke ngokungangqalanga. Ukungaqiniseki kwehlabathi kuncitshisiwe ukuthembeka kweshishini ne-M&A, umsebenzi ophembelela iinkonzo zobugcisa. Okwangoku, iimodeli zemisebenzi ezidityanisiweyo zinyuse imfuno ye-intelligate nenkonzo yamafu, apho amashishini ase-Ireland akwintloko eefashoni abekwe khona kakuhle ukuba anikeze.

Ukusabela Nezimvo

Amashishini kunye nabenzi benkqubo base-Ireland abalindelanga ukubonelela ngetyathanga eliqhelekileyo. Uludwe lwamanyathelo alungelelanisiweyo luye lwaphunyezwa ukususela ngowama-202020.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yomgangatho woshishino

Iinkonzo ze-EU

ISebe le-Entemple, iTrade neMsebenzi liye lasebenza neKhomishini yaseYurophu ukuqinisa ukubonelela ngeminxeba.

  • I [[UMTL:0] Imithetho ekwakusetyenziswa kuyo izinto ezitsha ukukhusela ufikelelo kwizinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nezinyithi.
  • Ukuveliswa kwemali kwizakhiwo zamazibuko enqanawa ngezantsi kweprojekthi ye - MP2 neRosslare entsha ethutha impahla iyanda.
  • I-inshorensi yorhwebo lwetyala elungiselelwe iRhulumente ukuxhasa abarhwebi abarhwebi ngexesha lobunzima obungamanzi.
  • Ukuxhasa iNgxowa-mali yokuThinanisa iNgxowa-mali yokuThinanisa iNkxaso yeNkcubeko ukuxhasa izinto eziphuhlisiweyo kunye nokwenza udibaniso.

I-Ireland ibikwasebenza kwimida emininzi enjengeWTO ne-OECD, ikhuthaza imithetho yorhwebo ecacileyo kwaye ichasene nemiqathango yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ebangela ukunikezelwa kwetsheyina elibi ngakumbi.

Name

Isivumelwano se-EU-UK Trade ne-Complivation Actrication (TCA) sanika urhwebo olukhululekileyo kodwa olunomthetho oyandisa ukukhuhleka. Amashishini ase-Ireland ngaphambili aye axhomekeke kwibridge yomhlaba ye-UK aye ajika-jika ukuze anike iinkonzo ezithe ngqo. Ngokwango-2024, ngaphezu kwama-40% e-Ireland athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwilizwe ngelizwe ngelizwe ngelizwe ukuya kwilizwe lonke eliphela, xa kuthelekiswa ne-UK engaphantsi kwama-20% kwi-2019. Olu tshintsho luye lwafuna utyalo olutsha olusebenzisanayo, kodwa luye lwanciphisa ukuchaphaka okuya kwikamva le-UK regatational foundgence.

Imouse Yexesha Elizayo

Ukuphazamiseka kwetsheyina lokunikezela akunakwenzeka kuphele. Endaweni yoko, inkqubo yomhlaba wonke ingena kwixesha lolungiso oluthe ngqo [[FLT: 0] lobume benkqubo lophawu olusetyenziswa ngonyuso lwengingqi, umgangatho woludwe, kunye nonyuselo lolwandiso lwamandla. Kwi-Ireland, imbonakalo iyaxubana.

Amathuba

I-Ireland ingaba nentsingiselo yodumo lwayo njengezinzileyo, intetho yamaNgesi, ilungu le-EU elinobomi obuqinileyo kunye nesiseko sobugcisa. Intsingiselo kumhlobo [[FLT: 0] u-(ukutsala ] ``ukusuka kumazwe alungelelanisiweyo ngokwezepolitiki ```idlala kumandla e-Ireland'. I-IDA sele ibone umdla ophezulu osuka kumazwe angaphandle e-US ejonge ukunciphisa ukuchachachacha-. Ukuba i-Ireland ingagcina ixabiso layo lokhuphiswano kunye nedilesi lebhotile (i-agla, amandla, amanzi), inokutsala angaphezulu kakhulu komgangatho wokuyila nokunikezela nokunikezela kwemiqoko.

Ukutshintsha kohlaza kuvula urhwebo olutsha. Ubuchule bomoya ohamba kude nonxweme lweIreland nobugcisa behydrogen obukhulayo bunokuvelisa amathuba okuthumela kwamanye amazwe kwizixhobo ezinika amandla nakuhydrogen eluhlaza. ICarbon Borden Seant Mechanism (CBAM) iya kuwathanda amazwe ngemveliso ecocekileyo, nto leyo enika iinkampani zaseIreland amathuba okuba nesiphelo.

Isalathisi

Uqhekeko lwezopolitiko lungayonakalisa i-Ireland ukuba amaqela orhwebo athe aba yingquzulwano. Njengoko ilizwe elincinane elixhomekeke kwiimarike zase-US nakuzo zombini i-EU, i-Ireland isengozini yokonakalisa nakuphi na ulwalamano olunqamlezileyo. I-US Infladion Reduction Act (IRA) sele itsalele kude notyalo-mali eYurophu, kwaye ukukhusela okungakumbi kungayiphelisa i-Ireland.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yelinye ikhadi elingalawulekiyo. Imozulu egqithisileyo, njengembalela echaphazela umgangatho woMlambo iRhine okanye iinkanyamba eziphazamisa amazibuko e-Ulf Coast, isenokuzala ngemixokelelwano yokuthutha. Abalimi base-Ireland sele bejongene namaxesha obushushu obugqithiseleyo, anokuchaphazela ukurhoxa nokukhula komthamo wokutya okuvela kwamanye amazwe.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuxhomekeka kakhulu kwezoqoqosho lwaseIreland kwiicandelo ezimbalwa eziphuma kukwenza ube nengxaki yokuhlaselwa kukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezikwicandelo elithile.

Isiphelo

Ukuphazamiseka kwetsheyina lokunikezela jikelele kutshitshisile ummandla worhwebo lwase-Ireland. Iintlungu ezikhawulezileyo zokulibaziseka kothutho kunye namaxabiso anyukayo zibangele iliza lotshintsho oluqhubekayo. Amashishini acinga kwakhona apho afumana khona, azenzele, awenze kunye nokusasaza. Abenzi bomthetho bafaka imali kwisiseko sendalo, kwiindlela zorhwebo ezincumisayo, kunye nokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo.

Ubuchule be-Ireland bokulawula le ndawo itsha buza kuxhomekeka ekulondolozeni ubuhle bayo njengesiseko somsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe okwakha ukumelana nokuchacha kweentsapho. Ilizwe alinakuzikhetha kwiimeko ezimaxongo zehlabathi lonke kodwa linokomeleza amandla alo okuxhathisa nokulula kuzo. Ishumi leminyaka elizayo liya kuvavanya ukuba izoqoqosho ezincinane ezivulekileyo ezinjenge-Ireland zingaphumelela kusini na kwixesha lokwaphuka, kodwa zisaxhomekeke kwimixokelelwano yokubonelela izinto ezifumaneka emhlabeni wonke.