Uxinzelelo Olukhulayo Kwinkqubo Yamanzi Acocekileyo

Utshintsho lwemozulu lutshintsha umjikelo wenqanawa enamaphiko ahambayo ukuze imeya ihambe kakuhle. Njengoko iqondo lobushushu behlabathi linyuke malunga nomlinganiselo 1.1°C ngaphezu komlinganiselo wangaphambi komjikelo, amandla omoya omhlaba okugcina ukufuma anyuke malunga ne7% ngeqondo Celsius. Olu tshintsho lomzimba luqhubela phambili iziganeko zemvula ezinkulu kwezinye iindawo ngelixa kusenziwa umphunga nembalela kwezinye. Iziphumo zizinto zamanzi ezibangela ukuba zibe zixinene kwezinye iindawo kwaye zibe neziphumo ezibangelwa kukutshona kwezoqoqosho nendalo.

Amanzi yindawo apho iziphumo ezininzi ezibonakalayo zemozulu zivakalayo. Izikhukula, imbalela, umphakamo wolwandle, kunye nokunyibilika kwamatye aluhlaza konke kusongela ubukho nobunjani bamanzi angenamanzi anzo. Kuorhulumente bezizwe, ezi nguqu zinyanzelisa ukuphinda kuphinde kulungiswe imigaqo-nkqubo yamanzi emide eyenziwe ukwenzela imozulu engazinziyo. Ingcamango endala yokuba imilinganiselo yembali iyaqhubeka ingenakuphinda iphele. Abenzi bomthetho mabacebe ikamva lobungozi bezixhobo ezikhoyo, izakhiwo zomthetho, kunye nezakhiwo zolawulo.

Indlela Imozulu Etshintsha Ngayo Imithombo Yamanzi

Imilinganiselo yokujija impompo

Enye yezona ziphumo zikhawulezileyo zotshintsho lwemozulu kukutshintsha kolawulo lwemvula. Iingingqi sele zityekele ekungonakaleni kwemvula. Ngokuchasene nemimandla efana nethafa lase Meditera, umZantsi Afrika, kunye nomzantsi - ntshona womntla Merika, zibona zizala kwimvula ephakathi, [ kwaye zisoloko zikho iindawo ezixhaphakileyo zodanyaza kwemvula. Ngokungafaniyo neSahel neendawo zoMzantsi Asia zifumana iimvula ezinkulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuphumeni kwentlekele. Kwanakwilizwe elinye, ukusasa kwemvula kungatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo, kudala ukhuthuko nokutshona kwamanzi eninzi.

Ukutshaya okukhawulezileyo kunye nokulahleka kweMwezo

Ubushushu obuphezulu bunyusa umlinganiselo wokuphefumla kwe-evapotlans kwimihlaba, izityalo, kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo zamanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba imvula isimbuku asitshintshanga, amanzi ambalwa ayafumaneka kwizityalo, indalo, kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto ezigciniweyo. Kwimimandla emininzi yezolimo, ixesha lokukhula lide lincitshiswe kukudityaniswa kwekhephu langaphambili kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemfuno etshayelelayo. Abalimi kufuneka baqhelane ngokutshintsha kwemihla yokulima, ngokusebenzisa izityalo zembalelane, okanye ukutsalela izityalo ezigcina imvula kakuhle.

Ukunyibilikisa Amaqampu Nokutshintsha Kwekhephu

Abantu abamalunga namawaka amabini ezigidi baxhomekeke kumanzi asuka kumkhenkce nakumkhenkce onyaka. KwiiHimalaya, iAndes, kunye neRockes, amaqabaka ayancipha ngesantya esingathethekiyo. Oku kwandisa umlambo ngexesha elifutshane njengoko umkhenkce unyibilika, kodwa xa umkhenkce uphelile, ixesha elomileyo lincipha kakhulu. Kumazwe afana nePeru, iIndiya, nePakistan, ukulahleka kweziphekephekepheke ezizinzileyo kusongela ukuthembeka komthombo wamanzi ezixekweni, amandla emvula, kunye nowolimo. Imigaqo yesizwe eyayicinga ukuba igcine amanzi aphezulu adadayo ngoku kufuneka iquke ubunyaniso bokulila okuncipha.

Unyuko lomgangatho wolwandle kunye nokungena kwamanzi anetyuwa

Ii-aquifer eziselunxwemeni zisengozini engakumbi yokuphazamisana namanzi etyiwayo njengoko umgangatho wolwandle unyuka kunye nokhupho lwamanzi asemhlabeni ukhula. Imimandla esezantsi kwelamanzi, enjengeMekong Delta eVietnam kunye neGanges-Brahmaputra Delta eBangladesh, ijongene nesoyikiso esiphindiweyo: ukuncitshiswa kokufumaneka kwamanzi acocekileyo ukusuka kumsinga wemitha kunye nokungena kwamanzi esaline ukuya kumphandle nakumanzi asemhlabeni. Iinkqubo zamanzi aphantsi kwamanzi kula mazwe kufuneka ngoku zidibanise ulawulo lonxweme, ulawulo lwamanzi asemhlabeni, kunye nobuchule bokuguqula imozulu obusetyenziswa njengemibango embalini.

Iziphumo kwicandelo eliziiNtloko eziPhakathi

Ukhuseleko Lokutya Nokutya

Iingxelo zokufumana amanzi acocekileyo emhlabeni wonke ezimalunga nama-70%, kwaye licandelo elichanabeke ngqo ekungeneni kwemozulu. Ukuguquka kokufumaneka kwamanzi kunye nobushushu kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuvela kwesivuno, ukuveliswa kwemfuyo, kunye nempilo yokuloba. Kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo, uninzi lwabalimi luxhomekeke kwezolimo zemvula ezifumileyo, ezibangela ukuba zingabi nabungozi ekushenxekeni kwamaxesha emvula kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi. Iinkqubo zamanzi zinxulumene kakhulu nenkqubo yolimo, ngokugxininisa ekuphuhliseni ubugcisa bokuvelisa amanzi, ukuphucula ukuhambela phambili kwemichiza, kunye nokuphuhlisa izityalo ezingenisa imvula. Noko ke, ukuvelisa imveliso kuhlala kucotha ngenxa yokuxhasa izithuba zemali kunye nokungangeneliselwa kobugcisa.

Ukwenziwa kwamandla

Ihydroosir ekhupha malunga ne 16% yombane wehlabathi, kwaye amazwe amaninzi axhomekeke kuyo ukwenzela ukwabelana okubalulekileyo kokudityaniswa kwamandla awo. Ukuhla komlambo kunye nomgangatho osezantsi wedama kunciphisa umthamo wamandla wesizukulwana. Umzekelo, i-Brazil, imbalela enkulu enyanzelisa ilizwe ukuba linyanzelele ukuxhomekeka kumandla ashushu, ukukhutshwa kombane nombane. Ngokuchasene noko, izityalo ezinamandla ashushu axhomekeke kumanzi ukupholisa ukuchachasana xa amanzi enyuka okanye xa umlambo usezantsi unciphisa umbane okhupha intelelo. Ngoko ke, amandla esizwe namanzi kufuneka alungelelane ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi.

Impilo Nobuncuka Bomntu

Iziganeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo ./iimvula, iinkanyamba, kunye nembalela ezihlala ixesha elide . Kwimimandla yasedolophini, imvula eninzi iyakwazi ukugquma inkqubo yokuchitha ukungcola okuziindawo ezimdaka ezidityanisiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungalayishwanga mkhuhlane ekukhupheni amanzi. Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, imbalela inokuthi inyanzele abantu ukuba baxhomekeke kwimithombo engakhuselekanga, ukwandisa ubungozi bezifo ezithwalwa ngamanzi njengekholera ne-typhoid. IBhunga LoMbutho Lezempilo liqikelela ukuba ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kubangela ukufa okungakumbi phakathi konyaka wama-2030 kunye nama-2050, amaninzi ngenxa yezizathu ezinxulumene namanzi. Iinkqubo zamanzi zamanzi ziquka ukuxhobisa impilo kawonke, ukukhuthaza uluntu, kunye nemfundo yezemfundo ziyimfuneko ekunciphiseni kwezingozi.

Iimpendulo Zesizwe: Ukutshintsha imilinganiselo yamanzi ivumelane nemeko - bume Etshintshayo

Amazwe ehlabathini jikelele ahlaziya imithetho yawo yamanzi, ulawulo, nezinto eziza kuqala ekuhlaziyweni kwemali ukucombulula imozulu etshintshayo.

Ukuqinisa Ukulondoloza Amanzi Nokuphumelela

Amazwe amaninzi aye asungula imilinganiselo yokulondoloza amanzi , ingakumbi kumaziko olimo kunye nokubonelelwa kwamanzi kwidolophu. KwaSirayeli, ukunkcenkceshela okunenkqubela kunye nobugcisa bokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwamanzi buye bavumela ilizwe ukuba linciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okulimileyo ngexesha lisandayo. Ucwangciso lwe-Murray-Darling Basin, oluphunyezwe emva kweminyaka yembalela enzima, luquka iinkqubo zokuthengisa amanzi anikezele kumgangatho ophezulu wokusetyenziswa kwalo ngelixa kukhuselwa kokusindeka kobume bemeko-mezulu. Le mizekelo ibonisa ukuba ulondolo-lwazi alukho nje ngokusetyenziswa kodwa lungavelisi kusetyenziswa nje ekuveliseni uqoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweminxelo yendlela yokwenza izinto eziluncedo.

Ukuveliswa Kwezibonelelo Zokugcina Nokusasaza

Izixhobo ezintsha, izityalo ezikhupha amanzi angenisiweyo, izakhiwo zokuthutha amanzi e-abasin, kunye nezixhobo zokubuyisela uxinzelelo lwamanzi asemhlabeni zakhiwa ukuze zithintele ukutshintsha kwemozulu. IKhalifoniya, njengoko kuphawulwe kwinqaku lokuqala, isebenzise imali eninzi ekususeni kunye nokuphinda kuphinde kusetyenziswe amanzi. ISingapore, izityalo zamanzi-odolopharanti, iprojekthi yamanzi ekwisixeko-sixeko-kude, ivelise inkqubo entsokothileyo "iimpompompo zamanzi angenisiweyo", ukufunyanwa kwamazwe asekuhlaleni, ukurhoxiwa kwamanzi okungenayo (NEter), kunye nokukhutshwa komkhamo-manzi. Noko ke, ezo zinto zinokuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukubakho. Imigaqo yesizwe kufuneka ivelise iprojective ezithambileyo, ezingenisa iindleko zemozulu ezinde ze-okthmistmeediant.

Ulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo (IWRM)

IWRM yinkqubo ekhuthaza uphuhliso olulungelelanisiweyo kunye nolawulo lwamanzi, umhlaba, kunye nezinto ezinxulumeneyo zokwandisa intlalo-ntle yezoqoqosho nentlalo ngaphandle kokulalanisa kwemekobume. Phantsi kokutshintsha kwemozulu, i-IWRM iba yeyona inzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba inyanzela abenzi besigqibo sokuqwalasela unxulumano phakathi kwabasebenzisi bamanzi abahlukeneyo kunye naphakathi komphandle naphakathi kwenkqubo yamanzi asemhlabeni. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zinikela ingxelo yokuba malunga nama-76% amazwe aneeplani e-IWRM endaweni yawo, kodwa uzalisekiso lusoloko lungagqibekanga ngenxa yemibutho ebuthathaka, ulawulo oluqhekekileyo, kunye nemali enganeyo. Ukuqinisa ubuchule bolawulo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana komnqamlezo lwamanzi kungundoqo kwimigaqo-mentla yamanzi esebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwenqanawa kunye neenkqubo ezilumkisayo zokuqala

I-data echanileyo yemvula, umlambo uqukuqela, amanqanaba amanzi aphantsi, kunye nekhephu elinomlinganiselo obalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubuncwane bamanzi kwimozulu eguquguqukayo. Amazwe amaninzi andisa iinkqubo zawo zokuhlola kunye nokwenza utyalo kubugcisa obusekelwe kwisatellite. Iinkqubo ezilumkisayo zangaphambili zembalela kunye nezikhukula zivumela oorhulumente ukuba banike uphando, baxhobise iimpendulo zongxamiseko, banike ubuncwane ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iintlekele. Umzekelo, iSebe leMeteorbhari yeMeteoractic lichaza umgangatho wezikhundla zemvula, kunceda abasemagunyeni asekuhlaleni basuse abantu abachaphazelekayo. Imithetho yesizwe inkxaso yokuhlola umgangatho wemeko yemozulu ephezulu.

Isifundo semeko: Utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo wamanzi waseKhalifoniya

IKhalifoniya iye yaba yilebhu yokuphuhlisa inkqubo yamanzi phantsi koxinzelelo lwemozulu. Emva kwembalela embalini ukususela ngo-2012 ukuya ku2016, irejistable Grountater Waterma (SGMA), umthetho wokuqala obanzi wokulawula ukumpompa kwamanzi. i-SGMA ifuna amaqumrhu asekuhlaleni akhuthaza ukuvelisa izitya zokuzinza ngoma 2040. Ukongeza, iCalifornia ithenge iibhiliyoni zeerandi zamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi okunesasazulu, kunye nokukhutshwa komfuduko. I-SGMA i-"Water Relience Portfolio" ekhutshelwe ngo-2020 yezenzo ukulungiselela ikamva elinama-20% ekufumaneni amanzi aphantsi. Nangona inkqubela ingekho , inkqubela ephakathi kwezobupolitika kunye nabalimi base-dolottene (9) ibonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi yenzululwazi, ukungazinziwa kwemozulu.

Ufundo lwetyala: Ulawulo lweDelta ephambanisayo yaseNetherlands

I-Netherlands, uvulindlela okudala kubaphathi bamanzi, uye wasebenzisa ubuchule bokulawula i-"adaptal delta" obuquka ngokucacileyo iimeko zemozulu. Inkqubo ye-Dutch Delta isebenzisa ucwangciso lwesizukulwana esininzi lwethambeka ngokubhekiselele kunyaka wama-2100(*) ukwenza iinkqubo ezinokutshintsha-tshintsha ngokweemeko. Imilinganiselo engundoqo iquka ukomeleza amadike, ukwenza igumbi lemilambo kukhukhuliseko olungenazikhukula, kunye nokufaka utyalo kunikezelo olutshayo lwenkqubo yokumelana netyuwa yamanzi. Udweliso lwenkqubo luxhaswa yimali enikezelweyo yeDeltal Lat jog eqinisekisa ukuba imijikelo emide ngokuzinzileyo. Oku kujongwa phambili, ukubheka phambili kunika izifundo eziluncedo kwamanye amazwe ajongene nomlambo kunye nomlambo.

Isifundo setyala: Ulungiso olusekelwe kuluntu lwaseBangladesh

IBangladesh yenye yamazwe anokulawulwa yimozulu ehlabathini, enezivuthuluvuthu ezixhaphakileyo, ukukhukuliseka komlambo, kunye nokungena kwemijelo yegesi okuchaphazela izigidi zabantu. Ekuphenduleni, urhulumente uye waquka utshintsho lwamanzi kwimozulu yesizwe sakhe, ubhekisa kwiindlela ezisekelwe kuluntu. Ukugawulwa kwamanzi, ukukhutshwa kwemozulu, ukunyuka kwemozulu, nokuphakanyiswa kwezindlu ezikwizikhukula, kunye nokukhuliswa kwe-plinths kunyuswa ngorhulumente wasekuhlaleni, kunye ne-NGOn-agnone. Ilizwe likwafake kakhulu kwimiqathango yenkqhwithela nesixokelelwano sangaphambili esiye sanciphisa ukufa kwabantu ngokuphawulekayo kwizaqhwingi. Ngoxa imingeni ehlala inguqukulwayo ingena ngomsinga kumlambo ukusuka eIndiya naseChina naseChina.

Iingxaki Ezithintela Amanzi Afanelekileyo

Iingxelo Zemali Ezilinganiselweyo

Kwanakumazwe atyebileyo, ixabiso lokutshintsha inkqubo yamanzi itshintshe imozulu likhulu. IBhanki yehlabathi liqikelela ukuba ihlabathi kuza kufuneka lifake imali engaphezu kwe-R34 yezigidi ngonyaka kwisakhiwo samanzi ukuze lihlangabezane nenkqubela-phambili kunye nenjongo yemozulu. Amazwe asakhulayo ajongene nowona msantsa mkhulu, ekubeni amaninzi engakwazi ukuxhasa ugcino olusisiseko lwenkqubo ezikhoyo, ingasathethi ke ngokutya okutsha. Iimeko zezoqoqosho zomhlaba, njengeGreen Climate Fund, ziye zabela ubuncwane obuthile ekufikeleleni amanzi, kodwa umthamo uhlala ungaphantsi kakhulu koko kufunekayo.

Ukwahluka Kwezobupolitika Nezentlangano

Ulawulo lwamanzi ludla ngokwahlulwa phakathi kwamaqumrhu amaninzi , imekobume, amandla, impilo, kunye nokucwangciswa kwedolophu ngezantsi kunye nezinto eziphambili zayo. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kufuna iimpendulo ezidityanisiweyo, kodwa i-bhureaucralos edibeneyo kunye nemiyalelo ekhuphisanayo inokuthintela inkqubela. Kumazwe amaninzi, amalungelo amanzi abekelwe ngokwembali ngokwembali ngenxa yentelekelelo ezizinzileyo ezizinzileyo, eyenza utshintsho lwezolimo lwezolimo lube nzima. Izixhobo zokunkcinkcitho zingamelana nokuthelisa, ngelixa abantu basedolophindini befuna ukuthengwa okunokuthenjwa. Ukuphelisa ezi ngxaki kusenokuthintela inkqubela, ukubotshele, ukubophana kwezo zezobupolitika ezifuna ukutshintsha izinto.

Iingxabano Zamanzi Ezidlulayo

Iintyatyambo zemilambo ezingaphaya kwemida yesizwe, kwaye ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela ungquzulwano olungaphaya kobuncwane bamanzi. Amazwe asemantla atsala amanzi angena elwandle anokuthoba anganeno kubamelwane abahlala kufutshane, kwaye ukuguquguquka kwemozulu kubangela ukuba ezi ngxaki zixelwe nzima. UmNayile, iIndus, iMekong, kunye noMlambo iColorado yonke iyimizekelo yemitya ekhuphisanayo apho imfuno yamanzi ikhula khona. Ngoxa izivumelwano zamanzi zamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe zikho kwimijelo emininzi, zisoloko zibhaliwe kumashumi eminyaka adluleyo kwaye zisenokungathethi ukuba zitshintshe imozulu. Ukuzi zivumelwano ezikucelw'ukucel'ukucelwa kwezivumelwano ezi zivumelwano ezithi izizwe ezininzi ebezithanda ukukwenza amathanda ukwenjenjalo.

Imiqobo Yogcino-lwazi Nokungaqiniseki

Abaphathi bamanzi abasebenzayo baxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi oluthembekileyo, kodwa kwimimandla emininzi, ingakumbi eAfrika nakumalungu ase-Asia", iinethwekhi ezididayo zithe shwaka kwaye ziyawohloka. Kwanalapho ugcino-lwazi lukhona, imodeli yemozulu iveza umahluko omkhulu wekamva elinokwenzeka, yenza kube nzima kubenzi benkqubo ukukhetha phakathi kotyalo-mali olunokuthatha amashumi eminyaka ukuhlawula. Abenzi besigqibo kufuneka bafunde ukuthatha i-"no-regie" iinketho: imilinganiso eluncedo ngaphantsi koluhlu olubanzi lwemeko zexesha elizayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuphucula ubuchule bendalo, kunye nobuchule bokwakha, konke okubangela ukuba kubekho i-cobenefreaftives etshintshayo, nokuba kunjani kanye indlela imozulu eguquka ngayo.

Ulwalathiso Lwexesha Elizayo: Ukwakha Ukhokelo Ngokululungisa Nokusebenzisana

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ibe yinkqubo yesizwe

Amanzi angenakuphuhliswa ngokuzimela. Kufuneka adityaniswe neeplani zokulungisa imozulu yesizwe, iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko, kunye neenjongo zokuphuhliswa okungaxhaswayo. Amazwe amaninzi ngoku enza izicwangciso zokuzinzisa zesizwe (NaPs) ezithi ngokucacileyo zibhekise ukhuseleko lwamanzi. Ucelomngeni kukusuka ekucebeni ukuzalisekisa ukukhusela inkxaso-mali, abaqeqeshi, nokuseka uphando kunye nokuvavanya imigaqo yokuhlola. Ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kwi-NAP, kwaziswe ngenzululwazi yemozulu yakutshanje, kubalulekile ukugcina imigaqo isebenza kwihlabathi eliguquka ngokukhawuleza.

Izicombululo Ezisekelwe Kwindalo

Isiseko sesithethe "isiseko" (ii-param, ii-leves, imibhobho) iza kuhlala zibalulekile, kodwa izisombululo ezisekelwe kwindalo zifumana ukuphawulwa njengabaxhasi abahlawulelwayo abahlawulelwayo nabasemgangathweni. Ukubuyiselwa kwethafa, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, ukukhuselwa konxweme lwe-magrove, kunye nokudala izithuba eziluhlaza zasedolophini kungenza amanzi aphucuke, kunciphise umngcipheko wesikhukula, kunye nokubuyisela isikhuseli semibhobho esiziyo sokukhusela amanzi ancitshisiweyo kusindise amawaka ezigidi zeerandi kwiindleko zonyango. Imithetho yelizwe equka izikhuthazo zokulungisa imekobume kunye nokusebenzisa umhlaba olondolozayo intlalo.

Ubuchule bamanani bokwamka

Iimitha zamanzi ezikrelekrele, izivo zexesha lokwenene, ubukrelekrele obungasetyenziswanga, kunye nogcino-lwazi lutshintsha indlela ezilawula ngayo iinkqubo zamanzi ezisebenzisa amanzi. Ezi zixhobo zobugcisa ziyakwazi ukufumanisa ukuvuza, uxinzelelo olulungileyo, ukuxela kwangaphambili, kunye nokuphucula amaxesha okuphendula ngexesha leziganeko ezimandundu. Amazwe asakhasayo angatsiba ngokufumana imithambo-mfono-mfono-mfono-mfono kunye namaqonga e-data ehambayo. Noko ke, izisombululo zamanani zifuna utyalo kwi-intanethi enxulumanisayo kunye nokhuseleko lwekhompyutha, ngokunjalo noqeqesho lwabasebenzi. Imigaqo yesizwe ekhuthaza uphuhliso nothutho lolwazi intlalo nothulelo lwamazwe olunceda ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo.

Ukuqinisa Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yingxaki yehlabathi lonke efuna iimpendulo zomhlaba wonke, ingakumbi kubuncwane bamanzi obabelanayo. Amaziko ezizwe ngezizwe anjengeNgqungquthela yamanzi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo kunye neZizwe Ezinamanzi Asemgangathweni anceda ukunxibelelana, ugcino-lwazi kunye nolawulo lwamalungu ahlukeneyo. Ungxamiseko lwemozulu lunganciphisa ubungozi bokungquzulana nokukhuthaza iinzuzo zombini, njengemisebenzi edityanisiweyo yombane okanye imisebenzi yedama. Amazwe kufuneka ahambe ngaphaya kwe-zerom acinge ukuba intsebenziswano inganyusa ukhuseleko lwamanzi kuwo onke amaqela. Ungxamiseko yemozulu ekugqibeleni isenokuqhubela phambili izivumelwano zobupolitiki ezifunekayo ukuze kuhlaziswe ulawulo oluthengephindo.

Isiphelo

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akusosiso isisongelo esikude kumanzi obuncwane; sele ilungisa iinkqubo zokuhamba emanzini kwilizwekazi ngalinye. Iinkqubo zamanzi zikazwelonke ezingakwaziyo ukuphendula ezi nguqulelo ziya kulwa lelaphulo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kakhulu kwezoqoqosho, ukuphazamiseka kwentlalo, kunye nokuwohloka kwemekobume. Iindaba ezilungileyo zithetha ukuba amazwe amaninzi aqalise ukuphendula ngenkqubo ezintsha ````ukusuka kulwa amanzi asemhlabeni eKhalifoniya kwiinkqubo zolwamzaliso lwaseBangladesh. Kodwa umlinganiselo wokucelela olufuna ukungxamiseka okuninzi, ukugxazululeka, ukuchana kwemeko-mekobume.

Iinkqubo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo, ezithambileyo, neziqukekileyo, ezixhaswa yinzululwazi eqinileyo, imali, kunye namaziko anamandla, zibalulekile ekuqhubeni phambili amashumi eminyaka ezayo. zizwe zonke kufuneka zizibuze: imigaqo yethu yamanzi yenzelwe imozulu yangaphambili, okanye ilungiselela imo-zulu yexesha elizayo? Impendulo iza kugqiba kungekuphela nje ukubakho kwamanzi acocekileyo kodwa ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho, kunye namabutho ehlabathi. Ukuqhubeka ukufunda ngemigaqo yamanzi yehlabathi lonke, ukubonelela imigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo, [[FLT: 0] i-United Nations Programmementation's Diviation's transfective [[FLT:] [FF1]] inikeza uphando olupheleleyo, ngexesha [FFFF] olufunce, kunye nolubonekayo oluninzi lwamanzi, oluninzi olusasaziyo: [FFoct5]