Isiseko soLawulo lweDemocratic: Isizathu Sokuba Ube Nemibandela Yolwazi Olunentsingiselo

Izigqibo zikawonke wonke zisisiseko sendlela imibutho enikezela ngayo izinto zobugcisa, ukulawula ukuziphatha, kunye needilesi ezifunekayo. Ukusuka kwimithetho ebekwa kwindawo ethile nakwimigaqo yokukhusela indalo ukuya kumgangatho wezonyango kunye nemfundo, ezi zinto zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi bemihla ngemihla babemi. Kodwa inkqubo yokusebenza kwenkqubo esebenzayo ayiqheleki. Kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa ezintsonkothileyo, ukunqandelwa kwezopolitiko, kunye nenkqubo yexabiso elikhuphisanayo. Esinye sezixhobo esinamandla ekuphuculeni ubunjani bomgangatho kunye nobuchule bezi zigqibo zizinto zokufaka igalelo.

Abaxhasi bangabantu, amaqela, okanye imibutho enomnqamlezo kwisiphumo sesigqibo somgaqo-nkqubo. Oku kuquka abo baza kuchaphazeleka ngqo yinkqubo, kunye nabo banolwazi olukhethekileyo okanye ubuncwane obufunekayo ukuzalisekisa. Xa abenzi bemithetho befuna kwaye befaka ezi mbono, bayahamba ngaphaya kwesigqibo esiphezulu ekwenzeni imodeli engqinelanayo yolawulo. Isiphumo asiyomigaqo engcono kuphela kodwa sithemba elomeleleyo phakathi koluntu namaziko abawasebenzisayo.

Ukuzoba Umhlaba Onomgcini-sango

Ukuqhuba ababambi-nxaxheba ngokunempumelelo, abachaphazeli bemigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka kuqala baziqonde ukuba bangoobani, nokuba ziziphi izilangazelelo abazimeleyo.

Izibambi eziphambili nezesibini

Abaxhasi bemathiriyeli ngabo bachaphazeleka ngqo ngumgaqo-nkqubo, mhlawumbi ngokufanelekileyo okanye ngokungalunganga. Umzekelo, abemi abakwingingqi echatshazelwe yiprojekthi entsha yohola wendlela babhedu. Abagcini-mathiriyeli bemingxuma ephakathi [ banenzala engangqalanga , efana namashishini asekuhlaleni axhomekeke kwindlela yokuhambisa okanye kwi-adibecara ajonga iimpembelelo zemeko-bume. Omabini la maqela kufuneka aqwalaselwe ukuphepha indawo ezingaboniyo.

Amaqela Angundoqo Kumgaqo-nkqubo Kawonkewonke

  • [[UMTHETHO:0] Amagosa orhulumente kunye neZicwangciso: Abameli ababekiweyo, abasebenzi belizwe, kunye nemibutho yolawulo eyileyo, ingxowa-mali, kunye nemigaqo yokunyanzelisa.
  • Amalungu azimeleyo: Abahlali, iintsapho, kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni efumana iziphumo zokwenene zehlabathi zezigqibo zenkqubo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Inkokeli zeshishini: ii-Enterepreneur, imibutho, kunye nonxulumano lorhwebo olusebenza kunye notyalo-mali luyilwe ngemithetho.
  • Amaqela ajongene nengeniso: Intlangano ezimela intlalo, imekobume, okanye izoqoqosho ezizisa ubuchule obuqwalaselweyo kunye noqhagamshelwano lwengca.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Academics kunye neNgcungela yeSihloko: abaphandi abanikela uhlalutyo olusekelwe kubungqina, iziphumo, kwaye banika iimbono ezizimeleyo.
  • IMirgenalial kunye noPhantsi oluphakanyisiweyo lwabemi: Amaqela angenawo amathuba okwenza izigqibo ngokwembali enziwayo ngokuphantsi kwemibutho ekhoyo, imibutho emincinane, abantu abaneziphene, namaqela abo abemi bomthonyama. Ukufakwa kwawo kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuququzelela.

Igalelo leSihlomelo seSikhuseli seNkcukacha

Ukuqinisekisa imbono engafaniyo yabaxhasi abachaphazelekayo akuyondlela yokuzilolonga nje kuphela.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala Kwabantu Nokungagunyaziswa

Xa abaqulunqi benkqubo bevula ucango lokubonana noluntu, babonisa ukuba izigqibo azikwenziwa emva kweminyango evaliweyo. Ukuvulwa kweentlanganiso, ukupapashwa kwenkcazelo ecacileyo, kunye nezicatshulwa ezicacileyo zezigqibo ezichaphazelekayo zonke ezifak' isandla kwinkqubo ecace ngakumbi. Oku kufanelekileyo kunceda ukumelana neengxaki zomthetho kunye nenkcaso yezobupolitika.

Ukwakha Intembelo Nekomkhulu Lentlalo

Ukuthembana ngumthombo obuthathaka kulawulo. Ukuganana kwabasebenzi kubonisa intlonelo ngolwazi nangezinto ezixhalabisayo zabemi. Xa abantu beziva ngezantsi, nokuba iziphumo abakhetha ukuzifumana azimkelwanga, basenokusamkela isigqibo sokugqibela nokusebenzisana nokuzalisekisa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukuthembisana ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwakha isiseko sekomkhulu lentlalo esenza kube lula ngakumbi ukusebenzisana kwixa elizayo.

Ukuphucula uxabiso nokuziphakamisa

Abenzi bomthetho kwi-ofisi esembindini bangaswela ukuqonda okusemgangathweni ukuba abagcini bemathiriyeli bane. Inkqubo yendlu eyenziwe ngaphandle kwegalelo elivela kubanini-khaya, abaqeshwa, kunye nabanikezeli benkonzo abangenamakhaya iyakuphoswa yinkcazelo erhabaxa. Igalelo lomntu ofumana igalelo linceda imigaqo-nkqubo elungelelanisayo kwiimeko zasekuhlaleni, izithethe, kunye nezithintelo eziluncedo, ukwandisa amathuba empumelelo.

Ukupheliswa kwengxaki nokuququzelelwa

Iimbono ezigqwethekileyo zivelisa izisombululo zokudala. Inkokeli yeshishini ingacebisa intshukumisa esekelwe kurhwebo yokuba iqela lokukhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwemekobume elingakhange liqwalaselwe; ilungu loluntu lingabonisa isiphumo esingacetywanga ekungakhange kulindelwe namnye umqwalaseli.

Ukuzibeka Esichengeni Nokuphepha Ingxaki

Ukuqhambuka kwamalungu aphambili enkqubo ngaphambi kokuba aqhubeke, inkcaso ebonakala xa kuthethwa ityala likawonke-wonke okanye xa kukho imingeni engokwasemthethweni ingalibazisela ixesha lokusebenza. Ukuncokola ngobuchule kunceda abalawuli benkqubo balindele ukuchasana, ukulungelelanisa, ulwakhe ulwakhiwo, ukugcina ixesha kunye nobuncwane.

Iindlela Zobandakanyeko Lomxhasi Onempumelelo

Umongo owahlukileyo ufuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyuselo. I-International Association for Progatiation (IAP2) ivelise imilinganiso esetyenziswa ngokubanzi esukela ku [[FLT: 0] form (unxibelelwano lwendlela enye) ku amandla [[FLT]] [ukwenza isigqibo sokwenza amatyala). Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kuloo migqeba.

Iintlanganiso Zasesidlangalaleni NeiHolo Zedolophana

Ezi ndibano zijongene nobuso zivumela abalawuli bemiqathango ukuba bathethe, babuze imibuzo, baze bave ngqo kumagosa. Olona qheliselo luquka ukuba neentlanganiso ngamaxesha afikelelekayo nakwiindawo, ukulungiselela iinkonzo zoguqulelo, nokusebenzisa iindlela zokuthetha ukuthintela intetho encinane ekulawuleni incoko.

Uphando kunye neMibuzo

Uphando lomlinganiselo wokudibanisa abantu abaninzi, ukuthatha ugcino-lwazi olunokuhlalutyiswa ngokwezibalo. Ukuze luphumelele, uphando kufuneka lwenzelwe ubuchule ukuphepha ukukhokela imibuzo, ukuqhatha, kunye nokuphendula okusezantsi. Izixhobo zamanani ezifana ne-Google Mafomu, i-SverourtMonkey, okanye iqonga eliphambili lezentlalo-ntle yenza unikezelo olukhawulezileyo nohlalutyo.

Amaqela Okuhoya kunye neebhusayithi zomsebenzi woLuntu

Ingxubusho yeqela elincinci ivumela uphando olunzulu lwesimo sengqondo kunye namava. Abaququzeleli abanobuchule bangaveza amaxabiso angaphantsi kunye nokukhulula korhwebo. Ezi ntlanganiso ziluncedo kakhulu ekuvavanyeni iindlela zokukhetha kunye nolokucombulula ulwimi phambi kokukhululwa okubanzi.

Iikomiti Zokufundisa Nemikhosi Yomsebenzi

Iikomiti ezisisigxina okanye zexeshana ezibunjwe ngabagcini-mathiriyeli abahlukeneyo zinika ukhokelo oluqhubekayo. Bahlola amaxwebhu obugcisa, ngabom kwiindawo ezinokungeniswa kuzo, kwaye bavelise iingcebiso. Le modeli isebenza kakuhle kwiinyathelo ezintsonkothileyo, ezinde njengendlela yokulungisa iplani ebanzi okanye iindlela zokuguqula imozulu.

Iiplatform zengingqi nenxaxheba kwamanani

I-Intanethi yandisa isixhobo esisetyenziswayo ngokuqwalaselweyo. I-Platform efana ne-Pol.is, i-CitizenLab, okanye i-Consul ivumela iingxubusho eziphakathi, iingcamango eziphezulu, kunye nokuvota okukhawulezileyo. Ukubotshwa kwamanani kungafikelela kubemi abaselula kunye nabo banemiqathango engakwaziyo ukuhamba. Noko ke, ingqalelo kufuneka inikelwe kulwahlulo lwamanani ``=awukho wonke umntu onolwazi oluthembekileyo lwe-intanethi okanye ulwazi lwamanani.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali

Kule ndlela ixhaphakileyo, amalungu oluntu agqiba ngqo ngendlela yokwabela inxalenye yemali karhulumente. Abathathi-nxaxheba bacebisa imisebenzi, impikiswano, kunye nevoti kwezona ziphambili. Luhlobo oluphezulu, oluphezulu lomanyano olunika amandla abaxhasi

Ukuhlangabezana Nocelomngeni Lokwenza Idinga

Ngexa inzuzo zicacile, ukuganana kwehlabathi lokwenene kuzele yimiqobo. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki linyathelo lokuqala lokuzoyisa.

Izizathu Ezingqubanayo Nokuhlaziywa Kwelanga

Abaxhasi abanqabileyo ukuvumelana. Amaqela oshishino angaxhasa ukupheliswa kwemiqathango ngeli xesha amaqela emeko-bume eqhubela phambili imithetho engqongqo. Kwimekobume engqukuva, abathathi-nxaxheba bangangayithembanga inkqubo ngokwayo. Abaxhasi kufuneka balawule ingxabano ngokwakhayo, bajolise ingqalelo kwiinjongo ezabelweneyo, kwaye basebenzise ubuchule obufana nengxoxo esekelwe kwinzala ukufumana isiseko esinye.

Amandla Alinganayo Nawokulala

Abaxhasi abanovimba ophezulu-okanye abanovimba ophezulu, abaququzeleli abaqeqeshiweyo, abanobuchule obuninzi bokuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo. Amaqela anamandla anokuswela ixesha, ubuchule, okanye intembelo yokuxhasa izilangazelelo zawo. Ukuba abenzi benkqubo bale nkqubo bajongana kuphela namazwi angxolayo, bafaka ubomi obukhoyo. Ukwenziwa kweenkqubo eziqulunqayo ezinika ulwakhiwo lwamandla, ukunyamekela abantwana, ukuhlonela amaqela, okanye uguqulelo kunganceda kumgangatho wokudlala.

Ukudinwa

Xa abafaki-nxaxheba becelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba bafumane igalelo elinganamiphumela, baphelelwa lithemba. Idinga limele libe nentsingiselo: abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka babone indlela iminikelo yabo eyasiguqula ngayo isigqibo sokugqibela. Ukuvala irhintyelo yempendulo ngokupapasha "wathi, siyenziwa" ingxelo elula kodwa enamandla yokuphelisa ukudinwa.

Icebo nexesha elinolungelelwaniso

Ukuganana kokwenene kufuna ixesha labasebenzi, ubuchule bokusebenza, kwaye uqingqo-mali lwendawo, izinto, kunye nobugcisa. Kwiimeko ezihamba ngokukhawuleza (umz., iingozi zempilo kawonke-wonke), uxilongo olunzulu lungangabi namsebenzi. Abenzi benkqubo bangafuna ukubeka ingqwalaselo ephambili kwimicimbi ngeziphumo zexesha elide kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezichanekileyo kwimicimbi engxamisekileyo.

Izithintelo Zokufumaneka

Iintlanganiso eziqhutywa ngamaxesha anzima, kwiindawo ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo, okanye ezingenandawo yokuhlala yolwimi, ukukhubazeka, okanye ukwahlukahlukana kwenkcubeko akunikezi baninzi abanokuba ngabathathi-nxaxheba. Ukuphuma ngemijelo emininzi --ipopu, unomathotholo, imithombo yezentlalo-ntle, abagcini-sango basekuhlaleni ,/iinkxaso-mali zoluntu zandisa inxaxheba. Iziganeko ezikhuthazayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye zinika ukhetho olukude lokuthabatha inxaxheba nazo ziyabaluleka.

Ubuchule bokuxhasa impumelelo

Ngenxa yezona zinto zintle zisenziwa ehlabathini lonke, la maqhinga alandelayo anokubanceda abenzi benkqubo boyise imigibe eqhelekileyo baze baphucule ixabiso lento esetyenziswayo.

Qala Kusekuseni Nenjongo Yokusebenzisa

Ucalucalulo kufuneka luqale ngexesha lenkcazo yengxaki, hayi emva kwezigqibo ezisele zenziwe. Igalelo langaphambili lingaphinda lilungise umba, lichaze ezinye iindlela ezingahoywanga, kwaye lakhe ubunikazi. Indlela esetyenziswayo yokufikelela ngezantsi. /apho abafaki-nxaxheba babona impembelelo yabo yentsingiselo elandelelanayo yedrafti. /Iizinto zokwakha ukuthemba kunye neziphumo eziphuculayo.

Sebenzisa isakhelo esilungelelanisiweyo

Ukwamkela ulwakhiwo olubalulekileyo olunjenge IAP2 Spectrum iqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezikhethiweyo zihambelana nomgangatho ocetyiweyo wempembelelo. Umzekelo, ukuba usukelo lu ububanzi obuphakathi (ukunxulumana nabafaki-nxaxheba kwinkalo nganye yesigqibo), ikomiti yokhuphiswano ifanelekile kakhulu kunohlolisiso olulula.

Uyilo lobuNtlobongela

Imaphu epheleleyo yamaqela achaphazelekayo kwaye ngokukhutheleyo ifikelela kwabo bangenazintlu ezilungelelanisiweyo okanye abakwimbali ephantsi. Oku kusenokufuna ukuba kubekho ubudlelane nemibutho esekelwe ekuhlaleni ethembanayo kunye nolwalamano.

Vala i Lastback

Emva kokuba kwenziwe izigqibo, nxibelelana ngokucacileyo ngendlela igalelo lomgcini-sango elalisetyenziswa ngayo, kwaye kutheni amanye amacebiso engamkelwanga. Oku kubonakalisa ixesha labathathi-nxaxheba kwaye kugcina ukuzimisela kwabo ukubandakanyeka kwixa elizayo. Iingxelo zenkqubela-phambili rhoqo kunye novavanyo lwemilingo zikwabonisa ukuphendula.

Yakha ubuchule bangaphakathi

Ukuganana okunempumelelo bubuchule. Amasebe kawonke-wonke kufuneka afake imali ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi ekuphathweni, ekucombululeni iingxabano, ekuhlalutyeni ugcino-lwazi, nasekukhuphiseni inkcubeko. Iiofisi ezizibonelelo ezizinikelayo okanye amagosa anokuququzelela imigudu kumaziko ahlukeneyo aze agcine iinkumbulo zequmrhu.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kwindawo Yokuzibamba Ephumelelayo

Imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene ibonisa indlela le migaqo eguqulela ngayo ekusetyenzisweni. La matyala alandelayo abonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena neziphumo.

Umgaqo - siseko Wezothutho WasePortland: Ukwenziwa Kwendlela Elandelayo

Ngowama-2010, isiXeko sasePortland, e-Oregon, saqalisa uhlaziyo olungundoqo kwindlela yaso yokuhambisa. Endaweni yokuthembela kuphela koononjineli beetrafiki, isixeko sasungula inkqubo yokubophelela ingingqi equka ugcino-mali ekufuphi, amaqela ajolise ekuhlaleni, kunye nemaphu ye-intanethi apho abemi baseInternet benokucebisa ukuba baphucule. Isicwangciso sokwenza imigca ekhuselekileyo yebhayisekile, ukunqumla okukhuselekileyo kufutshane nezikolo, kunye nokunyusa ipaseji. Inkqubo yokwakha inkxaso ebanzi yezopolitiki, kwaye ibhulo lidlula ibhulo lesixeko linenkcaso ngokungenalusingqino. Ingulo lomzekelo wendlela yokuphumelela nokuquluphala kweminye.

UMthetho Wolawulo Lwamanzi Asemhlabeni Olondolozwayo EKhalifoniya

UMthetho weSinayela-Mfundo weGrandwater Management (SGMA) odlule ngowe-2014, kwafuneka ukuba kumiswe amaziko ahlala phantsi kwamanzi. La masebe aye anyanzelwe ukuquka abasebenzi beemasti ezahlukeneyo zelimo, imimandla yamanzi, izixeko, kunye namaqela emeko-bume. Ngonyaka wokwenziwa kwezomthetho wengxoxo kunye nophando lobugcisa, la maqela aphuhlisa izicwangciso zokulungelelanisa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi. Nangona engekho luxanduva, inkqubo itho ithoba lokukhutshwa kwemingxube, inciphisa isiseko solwano lwendawo esemhlabeni ende.

Ucwangciso Lwezindlu Nendawo Yasembindini WaseNew York

Ngaphantsi kolawulo lwe de Blasio, isiXeko saseNew York saqalisa inyathelo elisekelwe kubume bengingqi lokulungisa indawo yokuhlala. Kwimimandla enjenge-East New York, iBrooklyn, isixeko sabamba imimandla emininzi yoluntu, iindwendwe, kunye neendawo zokusebenzela ukulungiselela. Abahlali bavakalisa inkxalabo ngokufuduswa kwelizwe, bebiza intlawulo enzulu kunye neengenelo zoluntu. Ukubekwa kwakhona kommandla kwakuquka izakhiwo ezinyanzelekileyo, imali yokukhusela indawo yogcino-mali, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela indawo ezichasene nezo. Nangona abanye abaxhasi behlala begxeka iziphumo, inkqubo yokubhapti yayikukushiya okubalulekileyo ukusuka kwimibaluleka ephezulu ephezulu ephantsi kwelizwe kwaye ibone imodeli yexesha elizayo.

Umthetho Wokugunyazisa Uluntu WaseScotland

UMthetho woLuntu we-2015 we-CSCO (Scotland) ubonisa indlela umthetho wesizwe onokuthi ungenise ngayo igalelo elibhedileyo kumgangatho wasekuhlaleni. Isenzo sinika amaqela uluntu ilungelo lokucela ukuba abe nempahla kawonke-wonke nokuthatha inxaxheba kucwangciso lwengingqi. Kwakhona kwayila isiseko socwangciso "lokuqingqo-mali lokuncedisa" kumagunya asekuhlaleni. Inkqubo yokuphuhlisa isenzo ngokwaso ibandakanya ukunxibelelana okunzulu namabhunga ebutho, imibutho yesithathu yamaqela, kunye nabemi. Isiphumo yinkqubo apho igalelo lomthi elikwimeko elikwimeko engeso siseso sisiganeko esinye esingaphandle kodwa umqondiso oqhubekayo wolawulo.

Isiphumo: Ukwenza igalelo leNkcubeko

Ukubaluleka komxhasi wegalelo kwimigaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke akunakuchazwa ngokungaphezulu. Kwixesha lokungathembani kwamaziko nokunyuka kwentsonkothileyo, abenzi bemigaqo abanakukwazi ukukwazi ukuyiyila izisombululo ngokuzikhetha. Abafaki-nxaxheba bakhulisa ukubonakala, bakha ngokomthetho, baphucula ubuchule, kwaye bakhokelela kwiziphumo ezinamandla nanganqamleziyo.

Noko ke, ukuganana kufuneka kwenziwe ngenjongo. Kufuna ukuqaphela ukwahlukahlukana kwabaxhasi bezixhobo, ukuthetha ngokungalungelelaniyo kwamandla, ukuvala iinzame zokuphendula, nokutyalwa komsebenzi. Xa kufeziwe kakuhle, abafaki-mali baguqula umgaqo kawonke-wonke ukusuka kumyalelo ophezulu ukuya kumzamo ongqinelanayo obonisa ubulumko obusisidibi soluntu.

Abenzi bemithetho, abemi, nabameli ngokufanayo kufuneka banyanzele ukuganana ukuze babe nguqheliselo oluqhelekileyo, hayi ucwangciso oluqhelekileyo. Ikamva lokulawula okuphumelelayo lixhomekeke kulo.

Ukuqhubeka ufunda, jonga i [[FLT: 0]] isikhokelo se-[FLT]ECD sokubophelela kumgaqo wolawulo [ (ekhoyo ECD Squaker Isivumelwano [[[FLT:]]]]), i-[FLT]] e-International Association for Public Project [[FLT:]]] [[FLT:]]] [[FLT]] iipalikers [[FLT] [12] izicwangciso zombutho , kunye nenkqubo yoqingqomatshini borhwebo yedemokhtroli yekhompyutha yokuphumeza inkqubo yokwemali ([FLD:9]] [10] [FT] ProjectiveDigsPticals]