Ukuqonda Umlinganiselo Nenjongo Yemithetho Yasekuhlaleni

Imithetho yendawo, esoloko ibhekiselwa kuyo njengemithetho kamasipala okanye imimiselo yemimiselo, ibumba elingunozala wolawulo abemi abadibana nalo imihla ngemihla. Ngokungafaniyo nemimiselo karhulumente okanye karhulumente, le mithetho imiswa ngamabhunga esixeko, amaqumrhu ephondo, okanye iibhodi zedolophu kwaye yenzelwe ukusingatha iimfuno ezikhethekileyo kunye nocelomngeni lwengingqi ethile. Ukufikelela kwayo kufikelela phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla .

Injongo eyintloko yemithetho yasekuhlaleni kukukhuthaza ucwangco lukawonke-wonke, impilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokhuseleko jikelele kwindawo echaziweyo. Le ndlela yobulali ivumela abantu ukuba benze imimiselo ngokweemeko zabo ezithile. Umzekelo, isixeko sonxweme singamisela imithetho yokwakha eqinileyo enxulumene nezikhukula, ngelixa uluntu oluphakathi emhlabeni lungamisela isiseko esisemthethweni samagunya kwezolimo. Isiseko esisemthethweni sala magunya sisuka ekuphumeleni kwezenzo okanye imithetho yamakhaya, enika oorhulumente basekuhlaleni igunya lokwakha ngokwalo ngokwemida yesiseko.

Noko ke, kwaukubhetyebhetye okwenza imithetho yasekuhlaleni ibe yebalulekileyo kukwabangela umsebenzi ontsonkothileyo wamalungelo nezibopho. Ummi osuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye angafumanisa ukuba inkululeko yakhe itshintshe ngokuphawulekayo. Ukuqonda le mpembelelo kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukukhusela amalungelo awo okanye ukuba nenxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kubomi bentlalo-ntle.

Imiqathango YomGaqo-siseko Ekwenza Umthetho Wasekuhlaleni

Ngoxa oorhulumente bengingqi benamandla amakhulu okulawula, kufuneka basebenze phakathi kwemida ebekwe ngumGaqo-siseko wase-U. Imimiselo engundoqo yomgaqo-siseko onxulumene rhoqo nemithetho yasekuhlaleni iquka uMmiselo wokuqala (inkululeko yokuthetha, yokuhlanganisa kunye nonqulo), uMmiselo weSine (ukukhuselwa kophando olungekho ngqiqweni nokuxhuzula), kunye noMmiselo-Nyakatho-Mkhosi we-14 (ukukhuselwa ngokulinganayo kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo).

Ngokomzekelo, umthetho wesixeko owisela umthetho wokuphatha ipani kwezinye iindawo zikawonke wonke usenokuba kukuchasana nokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Iinkundla ziya kuvavanya umdla karhulumente wokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke zize zichaze nxamnye nelungelo lomntu lokuthetha. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yengxolo yasekuhlaleni ejongene nesandi esingakumbi emva kwentsimbi yeshumi emva kwemini, ixhaswe kakhulu, kodwa ukuvalwa kwemibhiyozo yoluntu ngexesha elithile kungabethwa njengendlela yokungavunyelwa kwentlanganiso.

Umgaqo obalulekileyo ongomthetho yimfundiso yokuhlangulwa kwelizwe, egcina loo mthetho wesizwe okanye wesizwe unokuthi uphelise imithetho yasekuhlaleni engqubanayo. Umzekelo, umthetho wasekuhlaleni owelela uhlobo oluthile lwemipu usenokuba buthathaka ukuba umthetho karhulumente uchaza ngokucacileyo loo mhlaba. Ngoko ke abahlali kufuneka baqonde ukuba ayinyanzelekanga yonke imithetho yasekuhlaleni; leyo ngokucacileyo echasene negunya eliphezulu inokucelw ’ umngeni enkundleni.

Imiphumo Efanelekileyo: Indlela Imithetho Yasekuhlaleni Ewakhusela Neyawanyusa Ngayo Amalungelo

Imithetho yasekuhlaleni isoloko isebenza njengezixhobo ezinamandla zokunyusa amalungelo abantu nokuphucula ubomi. Ngeli ngezantsi kukho iindawo eziliqela ezingundoqo apho imigaqo yasekuhlaleni iye yaba nempembelelo ephawulekayo.

Ukungavumelani nezindlu ezintle

Oomasipala abaninzi baye bamisela imithetho engaphaya kwemigaqo ethintela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwimbonakalo yesondo, ubuni, umthombo wengeniso, okanye imo yamava. Ngokomzekelo, i-Fair Chance Ordinance yeSan Francisco ithintela abaqeshi ukuba babuze ngembali yolwaphulo-mthetho lomntu ocelayo de emva komsebenzi onxulumene nemibandela, unika abantu abanokuthenjwa kwangaphambili ithuba elifanelekileyo. Amanyathelo anjalo asekuhlaleni angazalisa imiqobo eshiywe ngurhulumente nomthetho, edala imimandla esukruquluke ngakumbi. Ungafunda nge-[FLT: 0] i-Factor Faixo Factor Changed Or Ormance

Ukhuseleko Oluneentambo Nozinzo Oluqinileyo

Kwimizi - mveliso yedolophana exabisa kakhulu, ulawulo lwerente okanye imithetho yokuqesha yerhafu yasekuhlaleni ijolise ekuthinteleni ukushenxiswa nokugcinwa kwezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Izixeko ezinjenge New York, iLos Angeles, neWashington D.C. zinenkqubo zerentername zokulawula ukuqesha ezibekelwe umda werente yonyaka ngamnye wale ndlu yandisa kwaye inikezele ukhuseleko. Ngoxa le mithetho idala impikiswano kwiprojekthi ekhoyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo igcinela amashumi amawaka amawaka ee-gradion , kunye naphakathi kwe-injini efumana abemi. Ukuqwalasela okuntsonkothile, jongana neNqulukwano yeZixeko ze-RT.

Imithetho yempilo yoLuntu neyoKhuseleko

Imithetho yempilo yasekuhlaleni ephathelele ukuhlolwa kwekhefu, ugutyulo, nokutya okuphathelwe ngqo kukhusela abemi ekuguleni nasekwenzakaleni. Ngokufanayo, imigaqo yokwakha efuna izitshizi-mlilo, izithambiso zokutshisa, okanye ucoceko lwepeyinti ekhokelayo inciphisa ubungozi kwimeko-bume ekhiweyo. Le mithetho isebenza ngokuzolileyo kodwa ngokunempumelelo, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kokuziqonda izikhuseli zemihla ngemihla ezizinika abantu.

Imigaqo-nkqubo yoLuntu

Ukuphendula kwinkxalabo yamapolisa ngokuphendula, izixeko ezininzi ziye zamisela iibhodi zokukhalazela amapolisa, iinkqubo zokuhlola iikhamera zequarton, kwaye zisebenzisa i-(of [“iimigaqo yokunika ingxelo yecamera, NW]. Le mithetho yasekuhlaleni ikhulisa ukubonakala kwaye yakha ukuthembana phakathi komthetho kunye noluntu ezilukhonzayo. Umzekelo, i-Ofisi yeDenver ye-Independent Monitor ilungiselela ulawulo lwamapolisa, inika abemi umjelo wokubeka ityala. Funda okungakumbi ngalo mzekelo kwi-ofisi ye-Intelligent

Imiphumo Ephosakeleyo: Xa Imithetho Yasekuhlaleni Ingqubana Namalungelo

Phezu kwako nje ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza okulungileyo, imithetho yasekuhlaleni isenokuwaphelisa amalungelo abantu, ngokukodwa xa ihlasela abantu abasengozini okanye inyanzelisa ngendlela engalungelelananga.

Impembelelo eChaphazelekayo kwimali ehlawulwayo ephantsi kunye neMibutho emincinane

Imimiselo ethintela izindlu ezininzi zeentsapho, ebeka amaziko okuhlala aphantsi, okanye avala umlinganiselo wezindlu ezincinane, idla ngokuqhuba iindleko zezindlu nokukhuthaza ukwahlulwa koqoqosho. Le mithetho, nangona inobundilele ebusweni, inokuba nempembelelo ebonakalisa ulwaphulo-mthetho kwiintsapho ezincinane nezingenamali ingabalwa kwimimandla ethile. Ngokufanayo, “imithetho engobomi” ebangela ukuba abantu bangakwazi ukubhanga, ukulala elubala, okanye ukuphatha ipetroli ingakhokelela ekuphathweni kolwaphulo-mthetho kwezindlu. Umntu ongenaso sobuhlanga lungajongwa nasisikhuseli sexesha lokuhlala nje kwindawo kawonke, edala umjikelo wobuhlwempuzeko kunye nokulala.

Ukunyoba ngokugqithiseleyo nokukhetha unyanzelo

Imithetho yendawo enika ubuchule obuphangaleleyo bamapolisa. Ngokufana naleyo ivumela ukumiswa “kwesimilo esikhuselekileyo” okanye ii-infasties ezincinci ``ingakhokelela kukhupho lohlanga. Uphando lubonise ukuba abaqhubi abamnyama nababhinqileyo bamiswa ngesantya esiphezulu ngenxa yokwaphuka kwendlela yokuhamba kwemisinga ephukileyo okanye ubhaliso oluphelelwe lixesha. Le nkqubo ingakhula ibe kukungqubana okanye ukubanjwa, icuthe ukuthemba nokuchasa amalungelo alinganayo okukhusela. [[FLT: 0] Isikhokelo se-ACLUU sobuhlanga inikeza umongo othe kratya okuthe kratya okungephiyo kwimiqatha ephambili kwindlela onokuthi unikezelo olukhoyo lonikezelo lwemigciso-mthetho womthetho.

Imiqathango Engolwimi Nengqungquthela

Abanye oomasipala baye bamisela imithetho ethintela amandla okuqhayisa, ukusasaza uncwadi, okanye ukuhlanganisa kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Iimfuno zemvume yokuhamba, ukuvala iziqingatha ezijikeleze iikliniki zokuqhomfa, okanye imiqathango ethintelwayo yokungasayi kutyikitywa kwemithetho kwimimandla ethile isenokucelw ’ umngeni njengemiqathango engekho mthethweni. Ngoxa oorhulumente basekuhlaleni benomdla ofanelekileyo ekulawuleni ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke nezithuthi, imithetho ebanzi okanye engacacanga kakuhle isenokupholisa intetho ekhuselweyo.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala: Imizekelo Yokwenene Yehlabathi Yomthetho Wasekuhlaleni

Uhlolisiso lwamatyala amathathu lubonisa imiphumo ecacileyo yomthetho wasekuhlaleni wamalungelo abami.

Ulawulo Lwevenkile kwisiXeko SaseNew York

Inkqubo yerentengiselwano yesakhiwo selizwe laseNew York, esungulwe emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngoku igubungela malunga nesigidi samagumbi okuhlala. Abahlali abakwiqela elizinzileyo banandipha unyuko oluthe ngqo (kumiselwe minyaka le yiRent Guidelines Board) kunye nokhuseleko olunamandla ekugxothweni ngaphandle “kwesizathu esihle..” Le mithetho ivumela izizukulwana zentsapho ukuba zihlale kwimimandla yazo nangona iqeshiwe imakelelwa emarikeni. Noko ke, abagxeki baphikisa ukuba ukuqesha ukuqesha kudizamisa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha kwaye kukhokelela ekungcolisweni kwezixhobo ezikhoyo ngenxa yokuba abaninizo bangenazo izisusa. Izixhobo zokuthengisa zingaguqula izindlu zemali zikwazi ukuthengiswa nge-intengo, zinciphisa umphako wemali ethelekayo. Abanikazi abaninzi bayakwazi ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwempahla ekufuneka kwimeko yolungele umgangatho wasekuhlaleni.

Imithetho ePhambili yeSixeko esiGcweleyo

Oomasipala abanjengeSan Francisco, iLos Angeles, iChicago neNew York baye bamkela iinkqubo zengcwele ezimisela ukunyanzelisa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho wasekuhlaleni namagunya alawula ukufuduka. Le mithetho ithintela amapolisa ukuba abuze ngemeko yokufuduka ngexesha lokumiswa kwemiqathango eqhelekileyo kwaye ithintele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesixeko zokunyanzelisa ukufuduka ngaphandle kwemvume yokugweba. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba abaphambukeli abangamiselwanga banokufikelela kwiingxelo zolwaphulo-mthetho, basebenzisane nentsebenzi yamapolisa xa bengaboyiki ukugxothwa, ngaloo ndlela bekhuthaza ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke umntu. Abachasi baphikisa ukuba izixeko ezingcwele zigcina abantu abasemagunyeni angekho mthethweni, bekhusela abo baneengxelo zezaphuli-mthetho. Iimfazwe ezingomthetho ezingoorhulumente zifikelele kwiNkundlalo ePhakal ’ eNtshona Koloni, kodwa oorhulumente bayaqhubeka beqinisekisa ulawulo lwabo lolawulo lolawulo. Oku kubonisa indlela abaluvo olukhoyo olukhoyo olungoluvo lwasekuhlaleni olungolulo lwasekuhlaleni olungolungolulo lwasekuhlaleni

Ulawulo lwemipu yasekuhlaleni

Isivumelwano semithetho yemipu yasekuhlaleni eUnited States sibonisa indima ebalulekileyo yomthetho kamasipala kukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Kwizixeko ezinemithetho engqongqo . njengokuvalwa kweSindululo seChicago izixhobo okanye imfuno yeNew York City ‘ elungileyo” efihla imvume yokubulalana kwemipu nokuzibulala isezantsi kunezikhundla zomthetho owehlayo. Noko ke, le mithetho yasekuhlaleni isoloko ijongene neengxaki ezisemthethweni ezisekelwe kwiSindululo sesibini soMgqino kunye norhulumente wokugxothwa kwelizwe. Emazweni amaninzi, indlu yowiso-mthetho yasekuhlaleni iye yakwalela ngokuphandle ukuba oorhulumente bamisele imithetho yemipu engqongqo kunomthetho, ukupheliswa kwemithetho elawula ulawulo lwezikhundla lwemipu phakathi kwelizwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yezomthetho yasekuhlaleni.

Indlela Abemi Abanokunikela Ngayo Imithetho Yasekuhlaleni Ukuze Bakhusele Amalungelo Abo

Nantsi inyathelo elicacileyo abantu abanokulithatha ukuze baqonde, baphembelele, yaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, bacel ’ umngeni imithetho yasekuhlaleni.

Yiya Uze Ube Nenxaxheba Kwiintlanganiso Zorhulumente Wasekuhlaleni

Intlanganiso zebhunga lesiXhosa kunye nezombutho wephondo zidla ngokuvulelwa uwonke wonke yaye zidla ngokuquka ixesha lokugqabaza esidlangalaleni. Nokuba ungakwazi ukuthetha, ukuya kwintlanganiso kunika ukuqonda ngemithetho ezayo nangendlela eziqiqa ngayo. Iintlanganiso ezininzi ziqukunjelelwa kwi-intanethi. Ukukhangela amacebiso kusengaphambili kukuvumela ukuba ulungiselele ubungqina ngemibandela echaphazela amalungelo akho.

Dibanisa amaqela oluntu

Iintsapho ezifana nesahluko sasekuhlaleni se-American Civil Liberées Union, i-NAACP, okanye ii-Union zobume bengingqi zijonge umsebenzi wowiso-mthetho ze zixhobise amalungu ukuba athethe okanye alwe nemithetho ethile.

Hlala Usazi Ngokusuka Kwimithombo Enokuthenjwa

Imithetho kaMasipala ngamaxwebhu kawonke-wonke, kodwa anokuba made kwaye abe ngoobugcisa. Amaphephandaba oluntu, iikliniki zoncedo olusemthethweni, kunye neentlangano ezingafumani ngeniso zisoloko zikhupha utshintsho olungundoqo kulwimi olucacileyo. Ukubeka uGoogle Alerts ukwenzela imixholo ethile (umz. “umthetho wolawulo oluphezulu [isixeko sakho])) kungakunceda uhlale uzazi izinto ezenzekayo.

Qhagamshelana Namagosa Amiselweyo

Umnxeba olula, i-imeyili okanye ileta ebhalelwa ummeli webhunga lakho ingaphembelela ukuvota kwabo. Amagosa aqwalaselweyo ayakwazi ukuchanaba kwimpendulo engokwabelwayo, ingakumbi xa eva kubantu abaninzi bethetha ngembambano enye.

Yazi Ilungelo Lakho Lokucel ’ Imbambano Ngemithetho Yasekuhlaleni

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba umthetho wasekuhlaleni uphula amalungelo akho omgaqo-siseko okanye ungqubana nomthetho karhulumente, unokukhetha ukuphakamisa ucelomngeni lomthetho. Amatyala amaninzi aqala ngommi ofaka ityala kwinkundla yetyala karhulumente okanye yephondo, ephikisa ngelithi umthetho awusebenzi ebusweni bawo okanye usetyenziswa. Amashishini omthetho anomdla kawonke-wonke maxa wambi athatha amatyala anjalo e-probono. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhalaza ngegqwetha likarhulumente wakho okanye i-arhente yamalungelo abantu yasekuhlaleni kungabangela ukuba kwenziwe uphando.

Indima Yokucinywa Ngurhulumente Ekumiseleni Igunya Lasekuhlaleni

Enye yezithintelo ezibalulekileyo ekubekweni komthetho wasekuhlaleni ngumgaqo wokukhulula kukarhulumente. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zelizwe zingawabeka ngokucacileyo amadolobha ekulawuleni imibandela ethile, njengemithetho yemipu, izindlu zokuqesha, iholo encinane, okanye i-LGBTQ + izikhuselo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaphondo amaninzi agqithise “amatyala okucinywa” aphelisa amasiko asekuhlaleni, ingakumbi amalungelo empahla kunye nomsebenzi. Ukuqonda imithetho yelizwe lakho yokukhulula imigaqo yelizwe lakho kuyacinezela: nokokuba ibhunga ibhunga ukuba ibhunga lesixeko sakho ligqithise umthetho oqhelekileyo, lingabethwa xa lingqubana nomthetho. Umzekelo, eTexanduva i-Texas naseFlorida, ireving, ngoku iyakunqanda imithetho yengingqi, ishiya amadolobha anezinto zokukhetha ezilinganiselweyo. I-Atlantiessssss, imele ihlale ink xa ithe cringgnow

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nokubonisa ngaphaya: Izixhobo zokulawula abami

Ubugcisa bezi mini buye benza kubelula kubemi ukufumana uphuhliso lomthetho wasekuhlaleni. IiWebsite ezifana ne- Govrack. u- uvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bajonge umthetho kuwo onke amanqanaba, nangona amatyala obulali esoloko ebhaqwa kwii-website zesixeko. Oomasipala abaninzi ngoku banikezela ii-data ezivulekileyo ezinokufikelela kuqingqo-mali, imithetho, imithetho, kunye nemizuzu yentlanganiso. I-Phondo ingasebenzisa iirekhodi zikawonke-wonke ukufumana unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi malunga nomthetho okanye ugcino-mthetho okanye izigqibo.

Isiphelo: Ukulungelelana Okuqhubekayo Phakathi Kwegunya Lasekuhlaleni Namalungelo Omntu Ngamnye

Imithetho yendawo ayimi ndawonye; iyaguquka ngezithethe zentlalo, ezopolitiko, kunye nezomthetho. Iziphumo kumalungelo abami zinzulu kwaye zijikelele. Kwelinye icala, imithetho yasekuhlaleni ingasebenza njengeeklasi zedemokhrasi, ivelise ukhuseleko olutsha kumaqela agwetyelweyo, iphucule impilo yoluntu nokhuseleko, ikhuthaza ukudibana kwebutho labantu. Kwelinye icala, zinokuba zizixhobo zokususa, ucalucalulo, nokusebenzisa imicimbi engaphaya komthetho xa ingathintelwa.

Kubafundisi-mfundo, abafundi, kunye nabemi abatshatisiweyo, isitshixo sikukuba amalungelo angenziwanga nto ingacacanga, aphenjelelwanga yimithetho emiselwe kwisixeko okanye kwingingqi ohlala kuyo. Ukuze ukhusele amalungelo akho, kufuneka ube nenxaxheba ekhutheleyo kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho wasekuhlaleni. Ukubakho kwiintlanganiso, ukuvota, ukuxhasa imibutho elawulayo, kwaye ungaze uthandabuze enoba umthetho othile usebenza kakuhle kusini na ngaphandle kokuzithwalisa nzima inkululeko. Ngokuqonda igalelo phakathi kwegunya lengingqi kunye nemigaqo-siseko, uya kuxhotyiswa ukuba uhambele uhambele phambili uze uphembele ingingo yezomthetho elawula ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.