Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba angowona mthombo uphambili wamanzi okusela phantse isiqingatha sabemi behlabathi kunye nokubonelela okumalunga nama-40 ekhulwini amanzi okunkcenkceshela emhlabeni wonke. Phezu kwayo nje le ndima ibalulekileyo, icebo lihlala lingabonakali kakhulu kubenzi benkqubo kunye noluntu, imeko ekhokelele ekuyilweni kwayo. IiAquifer, isakhiwo sobume obuncinci obusemgangathweni obugcina nokudlulisela amanzi, ziphathwa ngokuqhubekayo njengezigcini-mali ezingaphelelanga. Isiphumo singumjikelezo wokutshayela ukusongela kokhuseleko lokutya, unqabiseko lwezoqoqosho, kunye nempilo yendalo. Ukuqinisekisa nokunyanzeleka kwezakhiwo zomthetho kukwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba la madabi angaphantsi komhlaba ayaqhubeka exhasa iimfuno zoluntu kunye neenkqubo zendalo ezifuna izizukulwana ezizayo.

Inyaniso Ngeehydrogeology: Isizathu Sokuba Abaphi Na Abafuna Unyango Olukhethekileyo Olungokwasemthethweni

Amachibi angaphantsi komhlaba akawalwanga kakhulu. Zizinto ezintsonkothileyo zenzululwazi yendalo, ukusuka kwintlabathi echuliweyo kunye nentsalela yentlabathi ukuya kwilitye elingqukuva elinamatye angqukuva. Ihambo yamanzi kula magumbi ilawulwa yinqanawa, inzululwazi ngejiyoglogi, kunye nenzululwazi yemichiza, hayi yimigca yempahla etsalwe phezu kwamanzi. Le nto iyenzekayo ibangela ucelomngeni olwahlukileyo lwenkqubo yomthetho eyakhelwe kwilizwe kunye namalungelo amanzi aphezulu.

Izixhobo ezingadibaniyo zidityaniswe ngqo kumphandle womhlaba kwaye zingafumana ifuthe ngokukhawuleza kwimvula namanzi angaphezulu. I-aquifers, ngokwahlukileyo, ivalelwe phakathi kwemingxuma yelitye elingalawulekiyo okanye udongwe. Ziphantsi koxinzelelo kunye novuselelo oluthe chu, ngokufuthi ngaphezu kweenkulungwane okanye iminyaka eliwaka. Ii-Foscil aquifer, njenge-Ogalla Aquifer kumbindi we-United States okanye iNubian Sandstone Aquifer Sy eMfuleni eMntla Afrika, ziqula amanzi aqokelelwe ngexesha lomkhenkce odlulileyo. Zonke iinjongo ezisebenzayo, ezi azifani nezintsha izibonelelo, kunye nazo naziphi na ezomthetho eziwayo njengemveliso egcina ingeniso ekhoyo ngonyaka ekhoyo.

Xa ukhupho lugqitha intsalela yendalo, iziphumo zisuka zidlule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinzima. Isibonda samanzi sithoba, sifuna imithombo enzulu kunye namaxabiso aphezulu okumpompa. Kwimimandla yonxweme, ukumpompa kwamanzi olwandle, ityhefa kungcolisa amanzi angenamanzi amdaka. Kwimimandla enodongwe olunemingxuma emikhulu, ukukhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekudakeni komhlaba, okunciphisa ngokupheleleyo amandla okugcina i-aquifer. I-San Joaquin Valley eCalifornia ibone ukuhla kweenyawo ezingama-28 kwezinye iindawo, isiphumo esithe ngqo samashumi eminyaka eentlobo eentlobo zezakhiwo ezisemthethweni ezimpompa ngaphezu kogcino.

Inkqubo esemthethweni kufuneka iphendule kwezi zinto zikhoyo. Kufuneka yahlule phakathi kobuncwane obuvuselelekayo nobungahlaziyekiyo, iqonde ixesha elilingeneyo phakathi kwesizathu nesiphumo, kwaye yenze iindlela zokulawula ubuncwane obususiweyo. Ukusilela ukwenza oko kuye kwaphumela kwelona ngxaki libiza imali eninzi nengalawulekiyo kumaxesha anamhlanje.

Ikhornerstone Iimfundiso Zomthetho Ezilawula Umhlaba

Ngokwembali, umthetho wamanzi asemhlabeni wavela ngokwahlukileyo kumthetho wamanzi kwaye wawusoloko ulawulwa yimfundiso epheleleyo yobumnini okanye "umthetho wokubanjwa." Lo mgaqo wanika umnini-mhlaba amalungelo angenasiphelo okumpompa amanzi ngaphantsi kwempahla yakhe, kungakhathaliseki impembelelo kwimithombo ekufuphi okanye i-aquifer ngokwayo. Ngexa isesebenza kwimimandla embalwa, le ndlela igqalwa ngokubanzi njengengavisisaniyo nabalawuli abaxhaswayo.

Amalungelo akhoyo axhaphakileyo aqhelekile kwimimandla enobushushu apho amanzi aninzi khona. Le mfundiso inika usebenziso olusengqiqweni kumnini-mhlaba omelene namaqumrhu amanzi, kunye nemfuneko yokuba ukusetyenziswa kungaphazamisani ngokungekho ngqiqweniyo namalungelo abanye abarhwebi. Ukusebenzisa le mfundiso kumanzi asemhlabeni kunzima ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuba imida yemiphako yamanzi asemhlabeni ayibonakali kwaye ingqiqo ye "adjacency" iyakhanyela. Amanye amazwe aye azama ukwandisa imigaqo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchaza "umthetho oqhelekileyo" umthombo wonikezelo, kodwa uhlala ulucelomngeni.

IAppropriation ingunobangela wemfundiso ephambili kwintshona ewuqwayo ye-United States. Isebenza kumgaqo "wokuqala ngexesha lokuqala, ekuqaleni ekunene. Umsebenzisi ophambukisa amanzi kumsebenzi "oluncedo" (ngokunye ngokunyibilikisa okanye ngokumba) umisela indawo yokuqala ephezulu ekwixesha elizayo yabasebenzisi. Kumaxesha okunqongophala, amalungelo amakhulu anikwe ngokupheleleyo phambi kokuba ababambi bamalungelo omncinci bafumane nawaphi na amanzi. Le nkqubo inika ngokuqinisekileyo abangenisi kodwa abaswele misebenzi yembali engokokubanzileyo ijonge impilo epheleleyo okanye ikhawuleze ixesha elide ye-acter. Isiphumo sikho "unyaka ophezulu, apho umntu ngamnye athenjiswe khona."

Amalungelo anxulumeneyo anika isakhiwo esilinganayo. Phantsi kwale mfundiso, bonke abanini-mhlaba abangaphezulu banelungelo elinye kumanzi asemhlabeni. Ngamaxesha okuswela, unikezelo olukhoyo lubalelwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwazo. Esi sisiseko solawulo lwamanzi asemhlabeni kumazwe amaninzi e-U. iquka i-California kunye ne-Nebraska. Inqanda ukuphumelela kwemiqobo yangaphambili yokufumana i-appropria kodwa ifuna ugcino oluqinileyo kwintengonke yogcino kunye nenani lokukhupha ukuze isebenze ngokufezekileyo.

Imfundiso yoTshenxiso lukawonke-wonke ngumgaqo wamandulo osemthethweni oxhasa ukuba ubuncwane bendalo obuthile bubobo kawonke-wonke kwaye bumele bukhuselwe ukuze busetyenziswe ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngokwesiko buye basetyenziswa kwimijelo yenqanawa ekwaziyo ukusetyenziswa naviggg kunye nonxweme olungaphambili. Kwityala elikwindawo yowe-1998, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseCalifornia yandisa imfundiso kawonke wonke ekukhuseleni ii-triass ezifum ezandisa i-Mono Lake, iqonda ukuba ukukhuselwa kwamanzi kuyingozi kwempahla kawonke. Iinkundla kwamanye amazwe, kuquka iHawaii nePennsylvania, ziye zalandela isuth sut, icebisa ukuba le mfundiso inokuba sisixhobo esinamandla sokukhusela.

Inkqubo yokukhupha nokulawula imela intsingiselo yesi sixokelelwano sangoku kulawulo lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Phantsi kolu hlobo, imiba yolungiselelo lukarhulumente ivumela ulwakhiwo olulungileyo nokukhutshwa. Imvume ziphantsi kweemeko ezicetyelwe ukukhusela imithombo, njengemida ekukhutshweni okupheleleyo ngonyaka, ekukunyulweni kwezithuba, kunye nezibophelelo zokuhlola. Impumelelo yenkqubo yokuvumela inkqubo exhomekeke kumandla omatshini wokusebenzisa ukumisela imida enolwakhiwo olunentsingiselo, ukunyanzelisa, nokulungelelanisa, nokutshintsha iimeko.

Umboniso wemisebenzi yesakhelo: yezizwe ngezizwe neyohlanga

Akukho mzekelo mnye wokukhusela i-aquifer. Iinkqubo zomthetho zohluka-hlukene kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimizekelo yembali, iimeko zenqanawa, kunye nezixhobo zobupolitika. Noko ke, imizekelo eqhelekileyo iyavela ngaphaya kolawulo.

Imisebenzi yeFrame yehlabathi ye transpart Aquifers

Malunga nama-40 ekhulwini abantu behlabathi bahlala kwiintlambo ezigubungela imilambo, kwaye izitya ezininzi ezixhomekeke kumanzi adibeneyo. Ingqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yonyaka ka1997 inika isiseko jikelele sokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezingezona ezisetyenziswayo zezixhobo zehlabathi jikelele, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumanzi asemhlabeni ekuqaleni bekungangqalanga. Isivumelwano soMthetho we-UNECE kwiSikhuseli nokusetyenziswa kwe-Transsuralary Atercourses kunye nezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe singunxatha yodwa, sifuna amaqela ukuba athintele, alawule, kwaye acuthe iziphumo ezingaphaya kwamanzi asemhlabeni, kuquka iimpembelelo kumgangatho wamanzi nomlinganiselo. Ngo-2012, i-UN yoMthetho wezizwe ngezizwe zonke yamkela i-Dracracties kuMthetho we-Transrutears, enikezelanayo, kunye nolwanobumba-data, kunye.

Omnye wemizekelo ehambele phambili yokulawula amanzi akwisiqingatha yiGuarani Aquifer Arence Aremblition, etyikitywe yiArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay, neUruguay ngo-2010. IGuarani Aquifer yenye yezona ndawo zikhulu zokugcinwa kwamanzi angena elwandle ehlabathini, emalunga neekhilomitha ezisisikwemitha ezi-1,2. Isivumelwano simisela inkqubo esemthethweni yolawulo lwentsebenziswano, kuquka uphando, kunye nokutshintshisana ngolwazi. Ngoxa ukusetyenziswa kwemali bekucotha, kumela inyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekisele ekuqapheleni ukuba oomatshini abaphindi be-afreafreyiyiyo abawuhloneli imida yezobupolitika.

Imisebenzi yesakhelo sesizwe nesephondo

I-European Union’s Water Framed Directive (WFD) yenye yeyona mithetho yokusingqongileyo inemabango emhlabeni wonke. Iyalela ukuba kudityaniswe ulawulo lwentlambo yomlambo, kuquka namanzi asemhlabeni, ngenjongo yokufikelela "kukulinganisela okuhle kunye nemeko yemichiza" kuzo zonke iziqu zamanzi ngokwexesha elithile. IWFD ifuna amazwe azimeleyo ukumisela iinkqubo zokuhlola iinkqubo zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuzalisekisa iinkqubo zokulawula amanyathelo. U-2006 Groadmaterter Directionation ithelela abapheleli abaneyo ekuhloleni imeko yamanzi asemhlabeni kunye nokuchaza ukuhlahlela ungcoliso. Ngelizo olungelu hlobo lungalinganiyo kumazwe angamalungu, iWFD inika isiseko esisemthethweni sokukhusela amanzi emhlabeni kumgangatho okhuselwe kwiproccotion kunye nongco.

EUnited States, umgaqo wamanzi aphantsi komhlaba wahlulelwe ngokwembali phakathi korhulumente kunye noorhulumente basekuhlaleni. UMthetho we-General Safety Towater Act ulawula ubunjani bamanzi asezinyweni zikawonke-wonke, kodwa ukuphuma kungumbandela wemeko. Ukufikelela okulinganiselweyo koMthetho we-Develop Wamanzi Amanzi Acocekileyo kubangele umgama ophantsi kwamanzi, ingakumbi kumthombo ongekhoyo wongcoliso olufana nokukhutshwa kwe-mo yezolimo. Umthetho we-2040 okanye 2042, ngokuxhomekeke kwi-dibini (SGMA) eKhalifoninia uphawula ukutshintsha okungundoqo. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, imo yelizwe lalo-okheshini ifuna ukuba kubekho i-Accondationterterterter Act (S) kwaye iphuhlisa) iceba ukuphumelela kwemeko-moyezulu yasekuhlaleni, nangona kuxhomekeke kwizenzo zolawulo lwasekuhlaleni lokuzithandela.

I-Australia inika omnye umzekelo onempembelelo. Isicwangciso se-Murray-Darling Basin, esamiselwa ngo-2012, simisela umlinganiselo ozinzileyo wokukhutshwa kwamanzi anqamleza isitya sokutshiza, kuquka amanzi asemhlabeni. Isicwangciso sikhatshwa yinkqubo yokurhweba ngamanzi evumela abasebenzisi ukuba bathenge baze bathengise amalungelo okukhutshwa, besenza inkqubo esekelwe kurhwebo lwamanzi esetyenziswa ngexabiso eliphezulu. Idityaniswe nobeko olubalulekileyo kumanzi akwimekobume ebume bendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okusetyenziswa kwala manzi, indlela yokuyila i-Australia ibonisa ukuba ucwangciso olubanzi, ubuchule bokutshibilisa ibala lunakho, nangona lungekho zixhobo zobupolitiki kunye nengqungquthelano.

IIndiya, enesicwangciso esikhulu sokhupho lwamanzi asemhlabeni ehlabathini, ijongene nocelomngeni oluqatha. Isiseko somthetho selizwe simiselwe inkqubela ekhawulezileyo kugcino-mali, kodwa utshintsho olukhulu lungaphantsi. IAtal Bhujal Yojana (ABY) sisixhobo solawulo esisembindini esikhuthaza ulawulo lwamanzi asemhlabeni, kuquka ukulungiselela ukhuseleko lwamanzi kunye nokusekwa kwenkqubo yokuhlola. Indlela isezantsi kunye nokwahlula, iqonda ukuba uluntu lwengingqi lukwindawo engcono yokulawula ulawulo lwezibonelelo olukwimigama elifutshane. Ngoxa isicwangciso sisekwezigabani ekuqaleni, sinika imode yolunye uvavanyo lokulawula, ukujikeleza okuncinane.

Ubuchule bokukhupha obusebenzayo

Kwanesona sakhiwo sicwangcisiweyo kakuhle somthetho siya kusilela ngaphandle kobuchule bokusebenza emhlabeni. Ukuguqulela imigaqo yomthetho ekusebenzeni kufuna ifaksi yezixhobo zokuhlola, ukuhlahlela nokuqinisekisa ukuba ikho.

Ukuhamba okuSisingisekayo linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo. Ngokwembali, abaphathi basebenzisa ingcamango ye "ukuphuma okukhuselekileyo," echazwa njengobungakanani bamanzi anokukhutshwa ngaphandle kokuphela kovimba. Le ndlela ayiphelelanga kuba ayiphumeleli kuba ingakwazi ukuchaza iziphumo zendalo, ezifana nokomisa imithombo, ihometer, kunye nemijelo edityaniswe ngokunxulumene ne-aquifer. Ingcamango yanamhlanje "ustailective" ibandakanya ukuvelisa indalo, izoqoqosho, kunye neemeko zasekuhlaleni, ukucwangcisa imida egcina impilo ehlala ihleli yonke inkqubo.

[[NTLL:0] Uhlaziyo loHlahlo kunye noHlomelo lwe- lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphuma okungaguquguqukiyo. Ii-akhawunti zamanzi zohlahlo-mali lwazo zonke ezikhoyo (ukuvuzwa kwemvula, umsinga wovuza, inkcazo eyenzelwe ukuphuma) kunye nokuphuma kwemiqamelo (ukukhupha, ukukhupha i-evapollansping, ukukhupha imisinga) ukusuka kwimijelo ejikelezayo. Ukugada rhoqo komgangatho wamanzi asemhlabeni, imiqulu, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi kufuneka ulungele utshintsho kuhlahlolo lwemijelo yohlahlo-mali ngexesha elidlulileyo. Ukutsalwa kwemijelo ye-GRAPUS kusetyenziswa yi-NASALAS kunye neZiko ze-Jamani, kunika imbono yomgangatho womhlaba wokulinganisa umhlaba womhlaba womhlaba.

I-Aquifer Refusion[FAT:1] isisixhobo esithe chathayo sokulondoloza umlinganiselo we-aquifer. I-MAR ibandakanya ukuthatha ngokukhutheleyo amanzi esichotho, ukuphinda aphinde asetyenziswe, okanye amanzi angaphezulu kwaye iwakhokela emhlabeni ukugcwalisa i-quifer. Oku kungaphelisa ukukhutshwa nokuphucula ubunjani bamanzi. Noko ke, i-MAR inyusa imibuzo entsonkothileyo esemthethweni. Ngubani owenziwayo amanzi avuselelweyo? Ityala liphi iziphumo zamanzi? Imithetho ecacileyo esemthethweni iyafuneka ukunyusa utyalo kwimisebenzi ye-Mar. Ezinye izithuba, ezifana neKhalifoni, kunye ne-Arizona ziphuhlisa ezichuliweyo ze-agcustolities, ii-mession, iimigangatho ezithe .

[[FLT: 0] I-Trading yamanzi kunye neManzi Abathengisi bangaphucula ukuphumelela kokwabiwa. Phantsi kwendlela yokukhupha i-cap- kunye ne-trade, ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo kwi-quifer kubekwe kumgangatho ozinzileyo, kwaye abasebenzisi babekwa ukwahlulwa kweso sigqumo. Bakhululekile ukuthenga okanye ukuthengisa izabelo, ukuvumela amanzi ahambe asebenzise amaxabiso aphezulu ngaphandle kokunyusa ukhuthuzo. Urhwebo lwamanzi lwase-Australia lunenye lweyona misikatho yamanzi isebenzayo ehlabathini, kuquka namanzi. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba iimarike zinganikela ingqalelo kwimisebenzi yezorhwebo ezinkulu kunye nomonakalo wasemaphandleni. Ucwangciso kunye nolawulo oluyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba urhwebo olunenzuzo kawonke kawonke.

Ukunyanzelisa kunye nePentekoste zizinto zokugqibela, kwaye zisoloko zibuthathaka kakhulu, isiqalelo sesakhiwo somsebenzi. Ukubhoxoxa okungekho mthethweni nokumpompa okungekho mthethweni kusasazekile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ukunyanzelisa okunempumelelo kufuna intsebenziswano yokuhlola itellite, uhlolo lwasentsimini, kunye nezigwebo ezinentsingiselo ezigqitha inzuzo yezoqoqosho yokungadibani. I-EURoundation Framediocramedity ifuna ukuba amalungu amisele asebenzayo, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nezigwebo ezingekho mthethweni. Ngokufuthi zisoloko zitshintsha, ingakumbi kwimimandla enobuchule obulinganiselweyo okanye iimfuno zezo zezolimo.

Ucelomngeni Olungapheliyo Endleleni Eya Kunqabiseko Lwamanzi Angaphantsi Kwemhlaba

Nakubeni kukho inkqubela ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezisemthethweni nezisebenzayo, ukuzalisekisa kujongene nemiqobo eyoyikekayo. Indlela yokufumana ukhuseleko lwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba asiyondlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho uphuculo; yinkqubo ekhuphiswano kwezobupolitika nebutho labantu.

UMda wogcino-lwazi uhlala ungumqobo. Amazwe amaninzi angenazo izibonelelo ezisisiseko zokuhlola, kuquka iimitha ezifanelekileyo, umgangatho woluvo lwamanzi, kunye nomgangatho wovavanyo lwamanzi. Ngaphandle kogcino-lwazi, akunakwenzeka ukumisela imida echanileyo yokukhupha, kulandele iziphumo zezenzo zolawulo, okanye ukunyanzelisa ukuthobela. Ukuvala isithuba sogcino-lwazi kufuna ungeniso oluqinileyo ekuhloleni ii-data, iinkqubo zolawulo logcino-data, kunye nobuchule. Ubugcisa be-Emerging, obufana nobuchule obusekelwe kwitelling ekude kunye neziva-omatshini ezisezantsi, bunika amathuba amatsha okuqokelelwa kogcino-data, kodwa abenzi bomsebenzi abasebenzi bomsebenzi abafuna ukungqinela i-ukhunibo.

[[NTLT: 0] Utshintsho olucacileyo lunyusa ucelomngeni. Ubuninzi bobuninzi bomqhaphu nobunzulu bokomelela kwemozulu bunciphisa isongezo sendalo, ngelixa ubushushu bomphezulu weqondo lobushushu bunyusa imfuno yezolimo. Iinkqubo zomthetho kufuneka zilungelelaniswe, nezizathu ezicacileyo zokungafumani ncam kunye nobuchule bokufumana amanzi ngexesha lokuswela. Ukungaqiniseki okusemgangathweni komzimbeni kwenza kube nzima ukumisela imida emisiweyo. Abaphathi abasebenzisa ulawulo njengenkqubo yokufunda nokulungisa imithetho esekelwe kugcino-data, banika indlela enika intengo enika ithemba phambili, kodwa bafuna umyingendo ophezulu wobuchule bokusebenza kwesakhiwo kunye nolungele ukuguquka kwezobupolitika.

I-Promony Econmomy of Ater Reformation ingumqobo ozingisileyo. Abasebenzisi bezolimo, abasebenzisa amanzi amaninzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwimimandla emininzi, babamba amandla abalulekileyo ezobupolitika. Ukususwa kulawulo olukhululekileyo lokufumana ulwamkelo olungenamiqathango olungenasiphelo kudala abaphumeleleyo nabahluzi. Ukulawula olu tshintsho kufuna ingqalelo enonophelekileyo kubasebenzisi abachaphazelekayo, imbuyiselo yelungiselelo lobugcisa nenkxaso yemali yolungiso. I-SGMA ibonakalisa ubunzulu bale ngxabano, njengoko abameli basekuhlaleni bezama ukulungelelanisa iimfuno zabo, abaxhasi bemeko-mente, nabasebenzi bamanzi basedolovini.

[[FLT: 0] Ulawulo oludityanisiweyo lululunye ucelomngeni olubalulekileyo. Amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba akakho ngokwahlukana. Adityaniswe ngokuyintsonkotha namanzi angaphezulu, kwaye ukukhutshwa kwamanzi asemhlabeni kungaphelisa imijelo, imilambo, nemijelo, kunye neendawo ezigudle umhlaba. Iinkqubo zomthetho eziphatha amanzi asemhlabeni namanzi angaphezulu njengezinto ezahlukileyo zibuthathaka ngokwemvelo. Ukudityaniswa kwamanzi angaphezulu kunye nolawulo lwamanzi asemhlabeni bubuchule, ngokomthetho, kunye nocelomngeni lwezikongaphakalanga ezithe zathetha ngokupheleleyo.

Ikamva Lomthetho Owamkelekileyo Nolawulo

Izakhiwo ezisemthethweni zenkulungwane yama-20 zenzelwe ukwandisa inkqubela-phambili nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobuncwane bamanzi. Izakhiwo zenkulungwane yama-21 kufuneka zimisele ukulondolozwa, ukukhuselwa, nokuthengiselwa. Olu tshintsho lufuna ukucingisiswa okusisiseko konxulumano phakathi komthetho, inzululwazi, kunye nebutho labantu.

Enye intsingiselo ethembisayo kukuhamba ukuya kulawulo lwezibonelelo zamanzi (IWRM), ephatha amanzi njengendlela enye, edityanisiweyo. IWRM ifuna izakhiwo ezisemthethweni ezilungelelanisa amanzi asemhlabeni kunye nolawulo lwamanzi, ukudibana kobunjani kunye nobungakanani, kwaye ibandakanye ububanzi obubanzi babagcini-mathikithi. IEU WAter Frameod Directionide Direction kunye ne-Darling Basin Plan ye-Australian iyimizekelo yeIWRM, nangona zombini zijongene imingeniselo ebalulekileyo.

Ubuxhakaxhaka buzakwenza indima ebaluleke ngakumbi. Iinkqubo zohlolo lwexesha lokwenene, uluvo lwesatellite olusekelwe kwisatellite, kunye nobuntlola bokwenziwa bunganika ugcino-lwazi kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukulawula amanzi asemhlabeni ngokulungelelaniswa. Iimitha ezisetyenziswayo zingalandela kwaye zifumane ukhupho olungahambelaniyo. Iinkqubo zenkxaso yesigqibo zinganceda abaphathi bavavanye urhwebo phakathi kwezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, ubugcisa bodwa abuneli. Kufuneka bubophelele kwisakhiwo esisemthethweni neseburhulumente esiqinisekisa ukuba bheji, ukuphendula, nokuthatha inxaxheba kuwonke.

Mhlawumbi owona tshintsho lubalulekileyo kukuqatshelwa okukhulayo kokuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba nguvimba woluntu, hayi into emele ibe yeyeyo kwaye ixhatshazwe ukuze kufumaneke inzuzo yobuqu. Imfundiso yokuthembana kukawonke-wonke, njengoko isetyenziswa kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, ingqina ukuba urhulumente ungumseko wokukhusela ubuncwane ukuze kungenelwe izizukulwana ezikhoyo kunye nezizayo. Lo mgaqo unika isiseko esiqinileyo esisemthethweni sokulinganisela ukukhutshwa, kwanaxa ukwenza njalo kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa okukhoyo. Ukwanda kwemfundiso yokuthenjwa kukawonke wonke kumanzi asemhlabeni kuyacotha kwaye kuphikisa, kodwa umela utshintsho olungundoqo ekucingeni ngokwasemthethweni ngamanzi.

Ekugqibeleni, impumelelo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo engokwasemthethweni ixhomekeke ekulawuleni koluntu. Imithetho ebekwe ngaphandle kwenkxaso yoluntu ayinakunyanzeliswa okanye ihlonelwe. Ukwenziwa komthetho woluntu kufuna inkqubo ecacileyo yokumisela imithetho, amathuba afanelekileyo okuthabatha inxaxheba kuwonke wonke, kunye nokusasazwa kobulungisa kweendleko neengenelo zolawulo. Kufuna ukuqaphela ukuba amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba akangovimba nje ofanelekileyo olawulwa ziinjineli namagqwetha, kodwa ilifa elabelana nathi elinxibelelana nathi kwixesha elidluleyo nelizayo.