Kwixesha elichazwa yinkqubela-phambili yobugcisa ekhawulezayo, uxinzeleleko phakathi kokukhuthaza ulwakhiwo kunye nokukhusela abemi ngomthetho aluzange luchazwe kakhulu. Imithetho yolawulo isebenza njengesiseko solawulo lwangoku, inika imithetho nemigaqo eqinisekisa ukhuseleko, okusesikweni, nokuphendula kwicandelo. Kodwa, xa yenziwe kakubi, ingayithintela inkqubela enenjongo yokuphatha. Eli nqaku lihlola ulwalamano olucacileyo phakathi komthetho nophuhliso, ukudityaniswa kwamalungu esiseko esisebenzayo, imizekelo yehlabathi eqinisekileyo, imingeniski, imingeni eqhubekayo, kunye nezicwangciso ezincedisayo ezinceda abenzi benkqubo baluncedo ekubetheni ulungelelwano.

Imisebenzi Yesakhelo sokubuyisela ulawulo

Ucwangciso lolawulo asiyomiqobo nje yolawulo; zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokulondoloza ucwangco nokuthembana kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo. Zidala imekobume engqineke ithe ngqo apho amashishini anokusebenza khona, abanikazi bemali banokubeka ikomkhulu, kwaye abemi banokuziva bekhuselekile. Ngaphandle kwazo, iimarike zinokungena kwisiphithiphithi, yaye impilo yoluntu, ukuzimela ngokwesondo, kunye nokuzinziswa kwemali kunokuxokiswa.

Ukukhusela Umdla Woluntu

Kumphakathi wayo, imimiselo yenzelwe ukukhusela uluntu engozini. Oku kubandakanya yonke into ebandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nokusebenza kweziyobisi nokukhusela ugcino-lwazi lobuqu nokukhusela ukuqhatha kwemali. Umzekelo, i-European Union’s General Data Protection Regation (GDPR) imisele umqondiso wehlabathi lonke we-ofish we-data, ifuna iinkampani ukufumana ulwamkelo olucacileyo phambi kokusebenzisa ulwazi lobuqu. Le mithetho igunyazisa abantu ngokokulawula imiqathango yabo yemiba yoomatshini bombane ngoxa iinkampani zinyanzela ukuba zamkele ugcino-data olunetyala. Ngaphandle kwezi zikhuseli, abemi banokuba sengozini yokuxhatshaniswa yiminye engenisa ingeniso kwimithetho yokuziphatha.

Ukukhuthaza Ukhuphiswano Olufanelekileyo

Ukusingqongileyo okulungelelanisiweyo okulungelelanisiweyo kuthintela ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mdlali mnye onokulawula imakethe ngeendlela zokulwa nokhuphiswano. Umzekelo, imithetho elwa nokholo eUnited States kunye ne-European Union isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amandla obugcisa obukhulu bemakethe, ukukhuthaza umgangatho wokudlala apho isiqalo kunye neefektha ezincinci zingakhuphisana khona ngaphandle kokutyunyuswa zizinto ezisunguliweyo, ukuchuma. Iinkampani zikhuthaza ukuphucula imveliso, amaxabiso asezantsi, kunye nezisombululo ezintsha ezinceda wonke umntu.

Ukuhlangabezana Nokwanda Kwezoqoqosho

Imithetho ikwasebenza njengesixhobo sokufaka utyalo-mali. Ababenzi-mali kufuneka baqiniseke: bafuna ukwazi ukuba imithetho ayinakutshintsha ngokuzenzekela nokuba amalungelo abo aza kugcinwa. Amazwe anemimiselo ecacileyo, ulawulo oluzinzileyo lusoloko lutsala utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwamanye amazwe kunalawo anenkqubo engacacanga okanye engaqondakaliyo. Umzekelo, imekobume yeSingapore ecacileyo neyobudlelane boshishino incede ukuba ibe lisebe lehlabathi lonke lezemali, ubugcisa, kunye nemithetho esemthethweni. Indlela yesixeko yokwenza ulawulo olunamandla nolawulo lwe-dynamist ibonise ukuba ulawulo olunamandla kunye nolawulo lwezoqoqosho lungahlalisane.

Amalungu angundoqo esakhelo solawulo esinempumelelo

Asizizo zonke izicwangciso zemigaqo ezidalwe ngendlela elinganayo. Ezona zisebenzayo zineempawu eziqhelekileyo ezibenza bakwazi ukukhusela abemi ngaphandle kokwenza izinto ezibanyanzelayo.

Ukukhanya nokubonisa ngaphaya

Imithetho kufuneka ibhalwe ngolwimi olucacileyo kwaye ifikeleleke lula kubo bonke abafaki-matyala +_amashishini, abemi, kunye nabalawuli ngokufanayo. Ucalucalulo lukhokelela ekudidekeni, ukudibanisiswa komthetho, nokungadibanisi-mthetho okungeyomfuneko. Umzekelo, i- ye-Abiologial Ague (FCA) kwi-United Kingdom ikhupha ukhokelo oluneenkcukacha kwi-webhsayithi yayo, inceda iinkampani ezisebenzisa i-fintech ziqonde kakuhle oko kufunekayo ukuze zisebenze ngokomthetho. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zolwamqobo ngokuhlisa umqobo wokungena kwinkampani entsha.

Ukulungelelaniswa Nokuzivumelanisa

Ubuxhakaxhaka buguqula ngokukhawuleza kunomthetho. Umthetho oqinileyo onokuthi ngokukhawuleza uphelelwe lixesha, unyanzelise iinkampani ukuba zithobele imithetho engasasebenziyo. Izixhobo ezisebenzayo ezakha ngobhetyebhetye, njengemimiselo esekelwe kwimigaqo emisela iinjongo ezibanzi kunemithetho ebhaliweyo, kunye neentetho zokutshona kwelanga ezizihlola ngokuzenzekelayo imimiselo emva kwexesha elicwangcisiweyo. Ukunyuka kwe Regtech[.[8]]

Ubandakanyeko Lomntu Onento yokwenza

Imithetho ayimiselwanga ukusuka phezulu; kufuneka iveliswe kunye nabantu kunye noshishino oluchaphazelayo. Ukudibana okunentsingiselo kwemiqathango yemeko-ntle . /ngokujongana noluntu, amaqela asebenzayo, kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba inqwelo-moya ,(iimvisiselo zokuba imithetho iluncedo, inyanzelekile, kwaye iqwalaselwe iimbono ezahlukeneyo. imodeli elawulayo yesanti ingqiqo, engoovulindlela yi-FCA, i-refeksivery. Ngokuvumela inkampani ye-pinetech ivavanye imveliso elawulwayo kunye nabathengi bokwenene, izikhongo zolwazi zifumana ulwazi olubalulekileyo phambi kokubhala imithetho esisigxina. Le mizekelo i-fashoni encedisayo inciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ezingangeni kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthemba phakathi kwe-flarmerkieator kunye nezi-invanqui.

Ukwenza Isigqibo Esisekelwe Kubungqina

Inkqubo kufuneka isekelwe kugcino-lwazi, hayi kwingqiqo. Abalawuli kufuneka baxhomekeke kuphando olomeleleyo, uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho, kunye nofundo lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuze baqonde impembelelo enokwenzeka yemithetho yabo. Umzekelo, xa i-Sceturation and Exchange Commission (SEC) iqwalasela imithetho emitsha yempahla yemichiza, yaqhuba uhlalutyo olunzulu lwezoqoqosho ukuze ivavanye iingenelo zomgcini-mali ekukhuselisweni kwezinto ezinokucinezelwa kwemiqobo. Ubungqina bunciphisa amathuba okuqhathalela kwaye bunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinzuzo zomthetho zingaphezulu kweendleko zawo.

Ukulungelelana: Ukulungisa izinto.

Ukufumana umlinganiselo wasekunene ngomnye wemisebenzi enzima kubenzi benkqubo. Ukugqithisa kunganyanzela abanyanzelisi abanzima abaphazamisa izinto ekuphandeni nasekuphunyezweni, ukucotha uthotho lwexesha ukuya kumthengisi, kunye nokuqhuba izithuba eziphezulu ngemithetho elula yokuchukumisa. Ulawulo, kwelinye icala, lungakhokelela ekungaphumelelini kwentengiso, njengengxaki yemali yowama-2009, eyayiyiziphumo zokunganeli kolawulo lwezikhuthulelo kunye nokuboleka imali.

Iingozi Zokuzingca

Imbali inikela ulumkiso. Kwimihla yokuqala yee drones zorhwebo, iFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) yabeka imiqathango engqongqo eyathintela ukukhula koshishino. Kwakusemva kokuba iqumrhu liyile isakhiwo esithambileyo / icandelo 107 lemithetho yokuba ushishino lwe-drone luqhushumbe, lunika uludwe olubanzi lweenkonzo ukusuka kumfanekiso wenqwelo-moya ukuya kujongo lwezolimo. Ngokufanayo, iimfuno ezinzima zokukhwela iinkonzo zoshishino kwizixeko ezithile ekuqaleni zazithintela iinkampani ezifana no-Uber noLyft ekungeneni emarikeni, ulibazisa iinzuzo ezinje ngamaxabiso aphantsi naphezulu. Ukuthengwa koncedo olugqithisileyo.

Iingozi Zomthetho

Icala elijikayo liyingozi ngokulinganayo. Ukuwa kweFTX, ukutshintshisana ngokufihlakeleyo, ukubhenca iziphumo zobuveleli obungekho mgangathweni. Ngaphandle kwemithetho ecacileyo yokuxhasa intlawulo yabathengi, ulawulo lomngcipheko, kunye nokutyhilwa, iqonga lakwazi ukusebenzisa kakubi amawaka ezigidi zeerandi zempahla zabathengi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwabani. Okuninzi, ukunyuka kwamaqonga onxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo ngaphandle kobungcathule kubangele ukugqwethwa, ukungenelela kwemiqathango yonyulo, ukungenelwa kwemiqathango, kunye neengxaki zempilo engqondo phakathi kwabantu abaselula. Kwezi meko, ukunqongophala komthetho ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwavumela ingozi ukuba isande phambi kokuba abangeni benkqubo bafumane.

Iindlela Zokuqhuba Ezilungeleleneyo

Ukuqhuba le ngxaki, abalawuli kunye nabangenisi bangasebenzisa iindlela ezininzi ezivunyiweyo:

  • [[NTL:0] Izixhobo zesanti ezilawulayo: Ezi ndawo ezilawulwayo zivumela iinkampani ukuba zivavanye iimveliso neenkonzo zenoveli kunye neenkonzo ezinabathengi bokwenene ngeli xesha ziphantsi kweliso le-regator. IFCA’s sandbox, endululwe ngo-2016, ilandelwe kwimithetho yomhlaba jikelele, ukusuka eSingapore ukuya kwi-United Arabhu Emirates. I-Sandbox inciphisa umngcipheko wokuqalisa kwe-digrim-edings xa inceda abalawuli ukuba baqonde ubugcisa obuvelayo.
  • Impinda yePuridic kunye neSunseti Clauss: Imithetho kufuneka iquke iindlela zokuhlola rhoqo. Umzekelo, UMthetho wobuNxabisi eUnited States ifuna amaqumrhu alawulayo avavanye imimiselo ekhoyo ukwenzela impembelelo kumashishini amancinci kwaye aphucule xa kunokwenzeka. I-sysethis ngokuzenzekelayo ikhupha imimiselo emva kwexesha elimisiweyo, inyanzelisa utshintsho phambi kokuba lungahlaziyelwa kwakhona.
  • Ukwenza uMthetho wokhuthazo: Kunokuba bathathe ukuma kwe-acturial, abalawuli bangamema abangenisi kwi tafile ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungisa. I-UK’s Office yezemveliso zokhuseleko nemigangatho , umzekelo, isebenza ngokusondeleyo neenkampani eziphuhlisa izixhobo zezamayeza ezinamandla e-IIII ukulungiselela ukudala izikhokelo ezikhusela izigulana ngaphandle kokuvingcamba inkqubela phambili.

Uhlolisiso lwemeko lwemisebenzi yesakhelo esinempumelelo

Ukuqwalasela imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kunika ingqiqo esebenzayo kwezinye iindawo ezifuna ukucombulula iindlela zazo.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwezinto Ngenkohliso EUnited Kingdom

I-UK ivelise ingumlawuli wehlabathi jikelele kulawulo lwezobugcisa bemali, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yendlela esetyenziswa yiFCA esebenzayo nebhetyebhetye. I-FCA’s reliage sandbox, idityaniswe ne "Project Innovate" yayo, incede amakhulu eenkqubo zokuqalisa yonke into esuka kuntanga ukuya kumgangatho wemali oqingqiweyo. Indlela yomlawuli wale nkqubo ikwakhela ulawulo olwahlukileyo lwe "cckick", olufuna iibhanki ukwabelana idata nabaxhasi besithathu (ngemvume yomxhasi), ibangela ukuba kubekho igalelo lobugcisa kwimibutho yobuqu yabaphathi bezezimali. Indlela yokusebenza ye-UK ibonisa ukuba umlawuli wombini unokuba ngumkhuseli wemali nokhuseli we- mpilo.

Ukhuseleko Logcino-lwazi KwiYurophu

I-GDPR, esebenzayo ukususela ngo-2018, ingumthetho onobuxhakaxhaka obunempembelelo kakhulu wokhuseleko logcino-lwazi ehlabathini. Inyanzele iinkampani emhlabeni wonke ukuba zicinge kwakhona indlela eziqokelela ngayo, zigcine, zize ziqhube idata yobuqu. Ngexa abahlalutyi besithi iGDPR ingamisela iindleko ezinzima zokuthobela. Ngokungakumbi kwisiqalo esincinane, inzuzo azinakwazyiswa. Umthetho unike amandla abantu abanamalungelo afana nogcino-lwazi kunye nelungelo lokulityalwa, kwaye ikhuthaza incoko yehlabathi lonke malunga nemfihlo yamanani. Ngaphezu koko, i-GDPR iquka amalungiselelo okutshintsha izinto, njengabantu abangenalunyukiswayo uphando kunye "okanye-ogrop-op" inkqubo evumela iinkampani ukuba ziqhubane nomntu omnye endaweni ye-R.

Ukusetyenziswa Kwendlela Yothungelwano ESingapore

I- Infom Methom Development Authority (IMDA) ibangele imeko-bume elungelelanisiweyo eguqule isixeko sesixeko sasindawo yokuvavanya isizukulwana esilandelayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bobugcisa bokudibanisa inkqubo kunye nokukhuthaza ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezithuthi, i-Singapore inenye yezona ziphezulu ezinamanani aphezulu empumeleyo kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo se-Internet esithe tyelele phambili ehlabathini. Indlela yokukhangela phambili iquka ukuthathelwa phambili kwe 5Grenties nokuxhasa abaqhubi be-IoT, lonke elo xesha liqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo abathengi athengiswe njengemigangatho yenkonzo kunye nemigaqo yezogwebo zikhuselwe. Le mizekelo i-IMDA' ibonakalisa ukuba isantya somqhubi sinokuba ngumqobo wophuhlisolwelo lwamanani.

Ucelomngeni Ekuphuhliseni Imisebenzi Yanamhlanje Yolawulo

Kwaneziseko ezingcono ezicwangcisiweyo zijongene nemiqobo kwilizwe lanamhlanje elingxamisekileyo nelidibeneyo.

Utshintsho Lobugcisa Obenziwe Kakuhle

Imijikelo yomgaqo ilinganiswa ngeminyaka, kodwa utshintsho lwezobugcisa luye lwagqitywa kwiinyanga. Ngexesha umthetho ubhalisiwe, ujongwe, kwaye ukwenziwa, ubugcisa obewujolise kubo busenokuba sele buguqukile okanye bubekwe endaweni yalo. Umzekelo, imigudu yokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwe-opentheration orencrencation iphawulwe emva kokunyuka kwemali elungelelanisiweyo (i-Di) kunye nemiqondiso engagqibekanga (NFT). Ukugcina isantya, ezinye izikhombisi zijika ukuya ku "umgaqo we-"agide"-aificed, njengokuyithumela rhoqo ulungiso kulawulo, kunokuba ulinde umthetho omtsha.

Ukwahlulwa ngokwehlabathi nomgaqo-siseko

Amashishini namhlanje asebenza ngaphaya kwemida, kodwa imimiselo ihlala ingumthetho omkhulu. Oku kudala imingeni yokuthobelana kweenkampani ezimele ziqhube imithetho engqubanayo kwimithetho eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, inkampani ephatha ugcino-lwazi evela kubantu baseYurophu nabaseChina isenokuzama ukuhambisana ne GDPR kunye neTshayina’s Personal Information Law. Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe, enjenge ECD yomsebenzi we-ECD kwirhafunsi yemivo nolawulo logcino-data [, ibalulekile ukuvisisanisa imilinganiselo kunye nocutheko.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Amaqumrhu amaninzi alawulayo aphantsi kwaye aphantsi kwemiqathango, ingakumbi kwizoqoqosho ezikhulayo. Ngaphandle kobuchule obaneleyo kwimimandla efana nobuntlola obungeyoyamvelo, ukhuseleko lwekhompyutha, kunye nemfuza, abalawuli basenokuphoswa bubungozi obubalulekileyo okanye baxhomekeke kwiindlela zokuhamba nge-cookie ezingafanelaniyo nemeko yasekuhlaleni. Isakhiwo sobundlobongela, ngokufuthi ngoncedo lwemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe, sibalulekile ukwenzela ukuba abalawuli baphumeze iimfuno zabo.

Imigaqo yexesha elizayo: Ukuziqhelanisa nokulawula

Njengoko sikhangela phambili, iya kufuneka imigaqo yokwamkelwa kwezinto ezintsha neentanda - bulumko.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuChwephesha kuNcedo

I-Regtech ingahlola ukuthobela okuzenzekelayo, icutha umthwalo kuwo omabini amashishini kunye nabalawuli. Umzekelo, ukufunda umatshini kungahlalutya idata yentengiselwano ngexesha lokwenene ukufumanisa iipateni zokufaka imali, ukwenza ingxelo ekhawulezileyo nechane ngakumbi. Ngokufanayo, "ulawulo lokunika ingxelo njengenkonzo" iqonga livumela iinkampani ukuba zinikezele ugcino-lwazi kwimida esesikweni enokuthi abalawuli baqhubeke ngokuzenzekelayo. I-European Security kunye neGunya le-SMA (ESMA) sele zihlola izixhobo ezinjalo. Ikamva lisenokuzisa "umgaqo olawulayo", apho imithetho ikwazi ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwi-data ephilayo (ngemidangangeyo esemthethweni).

Intsebenziswano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Nomanyano

Akukho lizwe linye elinolawula ucelomngeni lwehlabathi njenge inguqulelo yemozulu, ikhompyutha, okanye ubuchule bobugcisa bodwa. I-FUMS enjenge- Intlangano yehlabathi lonke yeeKhomishini (IOSCO) ne [[FLT]] i-[FLT]SL kuMgaqo-MPATLE inika imodeli ye-opentroli ye-'scrective'ex'ex'ex'irrom'ex'exs jong edictive-ement reconsionncencencencence. Kwimidelo ye-edelikelelwano yehlabathi lonke.

Ukuzinziswa nokuphinda kusetyenziswe

Ukusingqongileyo, ulawulo lwentlalo, kunye nokuqwalasela okukhoyo (EG) kuya kudityaniswa ngokweenjongo zolawulo. Umzekelo, I-UUSISISISISISIWE YOKUSEBENZA KWENGXELO YEFAZI (SFDR) ifuna amaziko emali ukuchaza indlela iziphumo zongeniso ezizinzileyo zobuchule bokulungisa iprojekthi eluhlaza ngelixa ubambe iinkampani zifuna ukutyala ngomlinganiselo wobume bemeko-okrwelo. Ucelomngeni luqinisekisa ukuba i-ESGG kunye ne-option zibekwe ngokwemigangatho, ukuqinisekisa, ukuqinisekisa, ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokucoca.

Ekuqukumbeleni, izicwangciso zolawulo azingomqobo wokuqhubela phambili kodwa zisisiseko esiyimfuneko sophuhliso oluzinzileyo olunceda ibutho labantu liphela. Ngokubeka kuqala ukucaca, ukubhetyebhetye, ubungqina, kunye negalelo elifakelweyo, abenzi bemigaqo bangenza imeko-bume apho abathengisi bangakhuphi ngaphandle kokulalanisa kukhuseleko lukawonke wonke. Ikamva lomthetho liya kuphawulwa ngezixhobo ezichuliweyo, intsebenziswano enzulu yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe, kunye nokugxininisa ngamandla ekulondolozeni intlalo. Ngokuthobela le migaqo kuphela sinokuqinisekisa ukuba uphuhliso lusebenza kakuhle kunokuba lululaze luzisekwenziswe.