Imithetho yendawo (_idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yimithetho kamasipala okanye izigwebo zesixeko) lungisa isakhiwo esingabonakaliyo esigcina abamelwane bekhuselekile, becocekile, kwaye benokuhlanjelwa. Ukusukela ekuphakameni kocingo lwakho ukuya kwixesha oya kubeka ngalo uhlahlo, le mithetho ibumba amava emihla ngemihla omntu ngamnye ohlala kulo. Ngelixesha isenokubonakala ngathi ingumthetho wemithetho esetyenziswayo ekukhuseleni amaxabiso ezinto, ukuqinisekisa impilo kawonke-wonke wonke, kwaye ikhuthaza ingqiqo yoxanduva lobudlelane. Ukuqonda indlela le mithetho esebenza ngayo, isizathu sokuba ibaluleke, nendlela onokunxulumana nayo nayo ibalulekile kumninimzi, umqeshi, okanye umlawuli woluntu.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithetho Yasekuhlaleni Kukhuseleko Nococeko Lwabamelwane

Kumphakathi wayo, imithetho yasekuhlaleni ikhona ukunqanda isiphithiphithi. Ngaphandle kwayo, bekungayi kubakho mgangatho wolwakhiwo olukhuselekileyo, kungekho mda wengxolo ephazamisa ukulala, kungekho nkqubo yokulawula ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma etsala izinambuzane. Le mithetho iguqulela umgangatho wempilo kawonke-wonke nokhuseleko kwiimfuno ezinokwenziwa ngumnini-mpahla ngamnye.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukhuseleko Olusemzimbeni

Ikhowudi yokwakha, imithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo, kunye nemithetho yendlela inciphisa ubungozi beengozi. Umzekelo, ikhowudi yokwakha yasekuhlaleni ingafuna uphando lwemisi kwigumbi ngalinye lokulala okanye igunyazise imiqobo ethile evela kwisitrato ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala kwabaqhubi. IBhunga le- Lemithetho ye-International Code (IC) inika imigaqo-modeli esetyenziswa ngoomasi abaninzi kwaye ilungelelanisa iimeko zasekuhlaleni. Ikhompathiso ngezi mithetho ebhaliweyo ibonise ukutho yokusilela kwesakhiwo kunye nokufa komlilo.

Ukukhuthaza Ucoceko Lwabamelwane

Imithetho yococeko igquma yonke into ukusuka kwingqokelela yomgqomo wenkunkuma ukuya kugcino lwezithuthi kunye nenkunkuma. Umthetho wesixeko oqhelekileyo ufuna ukuba inkunkuma ibekwe kwiibhokisi ezigqunyiweyo ize iqokelelwe ngeveki, ukunciphisa ukutsaleka kweempuku kunye neeraccoon. Inkqubo yeCDC yezezempilo ze-CDC igxininisa ukuba imekobume egcinwe kakuhle inciphisa ukuchachachanabeka kweminyele nezifo ezithwaxa izifo. Xa abemi belandela le mithetho, yonke inzuzo ekufuphi ifumaneka kwiingozi ezisezantsi zempilo kunye nokubonakala okumnandi.

Ukuhlakulela Umgangatho Wobomi

Ngapha koko kukhuseleka nococeko, imithetho yasekuhlaleni ikhusela iimpawu ezingamkelekiyo ezenza uluntu luzive njengekhaya. Imimiselo yengxolo elinganisela imisebenzi evakalayo emva kwe 10 p.m., umzekelo, inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abemi balapho bangalala baze basebenze ngokungaphazamiseki. Imithetho yokwahlula iifektri zoshishino kwimimandla yogcino-moya egcina umgangatho womoya kwaye inciphise ungcoliso lwengxolo. Uphando lwezikompozo lwe- olukwiZiko le House Studies eHarvard University ifumanise okokuba ingingqi yemimiselo ecacileyo nesebenzayo inika ingxelo yolwaneliseko oluphezulu phakathi kwabemi.

Iintlobo zemithetho yasekuhlaleni Wonke Umxhasi

Imimiselo yendawo ayiyondlela yokulinganisa, kwaye iyimimiselo eyahlukeneyo yemithetho ethetha ngeinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi basekuhlaleni. Ukuqonda iindidi ezingundoqo kunceda abemi bakwazi oko kulindelekileyo kuzo nendlela yokuthobela.

Ukwakha Ikhowudi

Imithetho yokwakha imisela imilinganiselo esezantsi yolwakhiwo, ukulungiswa, kunye nokohlulwa kolawulo. Igubungela ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo, iinkqubo zombane, imibhobho, kunye nokusebenza kwamandla. Imvume isoloko ifuneka kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi omkhulu, kwaye ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi udibana nekhowudi. Umzekelo, izixeko ezininzi ngoku zifuna amakhaya amatsha okwakhiwa ngezitshizi-mlilo, umthetho osindise ubomi obungabalilekiyo. umanyano lwe-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ukhuphiso lwekhowudi ezisetyenziswa ngokubanziswayo.

Imithetho Egqwethayo

Ukuzingela kwahlula-hlula ingingqi yaba zisithili (izentengiso, ezoshishino, ezoshishino njl.njl.) kunye nemiyalelo yoko kunokwenziwa apho. Oku kuthintela umzi - mveliso ekuvuleni ecaleni kwesikolo kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba imimandla engqongileyo igcine iimpawu zayo. Ukuzingela kwakhona kulawula ubungakanani obuninzi, ukwakhiwa komgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezithintelo. Uluntu oluninzi luye lwagquma imimandla ukuze lulondolozwe okanye lukhuselwe indalo. Ukuqonda igosa-propati yempahla yakho linyathelo lokuqala ngaphambi kokwakha ishentele okanye ukuqalisa ishishini lasekhaya.

Iingxolo zengxolo

Imimiselo yengxolo imisela imigangatho yesandi evumelekileyo esekelwe kwixesha lemini nendawo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imigangatho ezolileyo iyagunyaziswa ngexesha lasebusuku. Ingxolo yolwakhiwo isenokulinganiselwa kwiiyure ezithile phakathi kweveki kwaye inqatyiswe ngeeCawa. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-odolor ixhomekeke kwizikhalazo, kodwa ezinye izixeko ngoku zisebenzisa ukujonga isandi esizenzekelayo kwimimandla yezolonwabo. Ikhampani ikhusela ilungelo lokunandipha uxolo ikhaya lakho kunye nokuziyolisa kwemimandla yezorhwebo.

Imithetho yempilo neyobuGcisa

Le mithetho igquma ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma, ulawulo lwezinambuzane, kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zempilo. Zisoloko zifuna ukuba abanini bezinto zigcinwe utshano ngaphantsi kobude obuthile, ukususa amanzi amileyo (akhulisa iingcongconi), kwaye agcine iinkqubo zokuzingela. Iinkqubo zokutya zijongene neminye imithetho engakumbi enxulumene nokugcinwa, ukulungiselelwa, nokucoceka. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FLT)[FLD:1] ibonelela imigaqo yokutya esetyenziswa yimiqathango yezo yezonyango.

Ikhowudi yogcino lophawu

Imithetho yokulungisa ipropati idlula ngaphaya kogutyulo ukuze ithethe ngemeko yezakhiwo kunye namaqashiso. Ifuna ukuba uphahla, iifestile, iindonga, kunye nocingo lugcinwe lucocekile. Ipeyinti yokuthoba, iifestile ezophukileyo, kunye nezityalo ezimanyeneyo zingachazwa njengezokwaphulwa kwemithetho. Le mithetho ikhusela ukonakala nokukhusela amaxabiso ezinto kulo lonke ingingqi. Izixeko ezininzi zinikela iinkqubo zokuhlola ukunceda abemi kunye nabaninimzi ukuba baqonde iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Indlela Abahlali Bemithetho Yasekuhlaleni Abachaphazeleka Ngayo Ngokuthe ngqo

Imithetho yasekuhlaleni ayichaphazeli ngezantsi, kodwa ichaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, imali yakho, nokuziva ukhuselekile. Nazi ezinye zeendlela ezibonakalayo ezikwenza umahluko.

Amaxabiso eMALI

Ummandla othe rhoqo onamanyathelo okugcina nokulungisa imigaqo yokwahlula okanye ukwandisa amaxabiso empahla yawo. Abathengi bamakhaya bakulungele ukuhlawula intlawulo yesiqinisekiso sokuba utyalo-mali lwabo aluzukuncitshiswa yindawo eshiywe phantsi. Uphando oluvela kwiZiko le-Urban [[FLT: 1] lubonisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwekhowudi esebenzayo kunciphisa izinga lokulahlwa kwempahla nokusetyenziswa kwemali. Xa imimiselo inyanzelelwa kakuhle, bonke abahlali bangenelwa kumgudu ongokwembutho.

Ubungqina

Imimiselo yendawo idla ngokuyila imijelo esemthethweni yokubandakanyeka kwabahlali. Ukuva kukawonke-wonke kwiiNguquko zolawulo, iintlanganiso zocwangciso, kunye neenkqubo zokugada zonke zixhomekeke ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kwabemi. Abemi abaya kwezi ntlanganiso bafumana imvume kwindlela ingingqi yabo eguquka ngayo. Oku kwenza ikomkhulu lentlalo-ntle (/ikomkhulu lentlalo) kunye neenkqubo ezenza ukuba ingingqi zikwazi ukumelana nemithetho. Xa abantu bevakalelwa kukuba banokuyiphembelela, basengozini yokuthobela.

Ukhuseleko

Imithetho enxulumene nokukhanyisa, ucingo, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko ingachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo wolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokomzekelo, imithetho efuna ukukhanya okwaneleyo ngaphandle kwiindawo zokupaka imoto neendawo eziqhelekileyo iphazamisa izaphuli-mthetho. Ezinye izixeko “zinokukhusela ngokuyilwa kwemeko-bume” (i-CPTED) imigaqo efakwe kwimithetho yazo. Ngaphezu koko, imithetho yengxolo nemithetho ehambayo inceda ekulondolozeni ucwangco, ingakumbi kummandla odityanisiweyo kunye neendawo eziphila ebusuku. Ukusingqongileyo okulawulayo kuthumela uphawu olujongwa ngokukhutheleyo kuluntu.

Ukunyanzeliswa kweMithetho Yasekuhlaleni: Indlela Imithetho Enokuba Yiyo

Kwaneyona migaqo ingcono ayinamsebenzi ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa. OoMasipala baxhomekeke kwintlanganisela yohlolo olunempumelelo, ukuphendula ngokungxamisekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zesigwebo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela.

Uvavanyo

Kuxhaphakile ukuxilonga izinto zokuqesha, izibonelelo zokutya, kunye nolwakhiwo olutsha. Abahloli bokwakha bahlola umsebenzi kwiziganeko eziphambili "ukusekwa, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela kwekhowudi yombane,/ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela kwekhowudi. Abahloli bezonyango batyelela iivenkile zokutyela ezingaxelwanga, kunye nabalondolozi bezinto bangaqhuba indawo yokutshayela kwingingqi ngokuphazanyiswa okuziwayo. Aba bahloli bahlola bafumana iingxaki kwangoko, ngokufuthi ngaphambi kokuba babe ziingozi zokhuseleko.

Imali Ehlawulwayo

Ukungahambelani neziphumo ezithe zalandelwa ziinkokhelo ezinyukayo zokwaphulwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Umzekelo, isono sokuqala somthetho owomileyo singathwala imali ehlawulwayo, i-R100 yesibini, kunye netyala elilandelayo lingafikelela ku-R3,000 ngemini. Ezinye izixeko zikwanamandla okubeka indawo elala kwimiba okanye, kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, ukugweba izakhiwo. Injongo asiko ukohlwaya kodwa kudala isiqhumiso esinamandla sokuthobela. I-info yomthetho isoloko ibekwa kwiinkqubo zokugcina ikhowudi.

Ingxelo yoLuntu

Abahlali benza indima ebalulekileyo ekunyanzelweni komthetho ngokunikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa komthetho. Oomasipala abaninzi banikela iingxelo ze-intanethi, ii-portars, okanye ii-apps ezihambayo ukuze babonise izikhalazo ezilula. Ingxelo engachazwanga idla ngokuvunyelwa, nangona ukunikela inkcazelo yoqhagamshelwano kunceda abahloli ukuba balandele. Le nkqubo idla ngokubandakanya umhloli otyelele umhlaba, abhale uxwebhu lokwaphula umthetho, kwaye akhuphe isaziso sokwaphula umthetho ngexesha elimisiweyo. Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, loo nto ingabhekiswa kwibhodi okanye kwinkundla echola amatyala.

Ukubandakanyeka kuluntu ekusebenziseni imithetho

Imithetho yasekuhlaleni ayidluliselwanga ukusuka ngasentla--8) ibunjwa ngabantu abahlala kwindawo ehlala kuyo. Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo yeyona ndlela inamandla yokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ibonisa iimfuno nemilinganiselo yommelwane wakho.

Ukuya kwiintlanganiso zikaMasipala

Iintlanganiso zebhunga lesiXeko, ucwangciso lwebhodi, kunye nebhodi yokufaka izibheno zivulekele uwonke-wonke. Ezi ntlanganiso zilapho kuqhutyelwa impikiswano khona kwaye kulungiswa imigaqo ecetyisiweyo. Ngokuya, ungathetha ngexesha lamagqabaza kawonke-wonke, ufunde ngeenguqu ezizayo, kwaye ugcine amagosa anyuliweyo eentlanganiso ezikhoyo ezihlala emilanjeni kwaye wamkela amagqabaza abhaliweyo abo bangenakukwazi ukuya kuyo.

Iikomiti zoMbutho

Izixeko ezininzi zineekomiti ezimileyo ezijolise kwimibandela efana nokhuseleko, izindlu, iipaki, okanye ukulondolozwa kwemekobume. Ezi komiti zidla ngokuncomela ukuba zibe sisiseko semimiselo emitsha. Amalungu adla ngokufuna isicelo okanye afune ukutyunjwa. Ukukhonza kwikomiti ethile kukunika isandla esingqalileyo ekusebenzeni kwemithetho echaphazela ingingqi yakho.

Ukufundisa Abamelwane

Uphando luyinxalenye yedabi. Uninzi lolwaphulo-mthetho lwenzeka kuba nje abemi bengayazi imithetho. Unganceda ngokubelana ngolwazi oluvela kumaphetshana asekuhlaleni, amaqela eengxoxo zezentlalo-mbini, okanye amaqela athintela iibhanki. Ezinye iindawo zilungiselela “ukuhamba ngekhowudi” apho amatsha - ntliziyo asasaza abaphakamisi-bhayiseli kunye nemibuzo yokuphendula. Xa wonke umntu eqonda oko kulindelweyo, umlinganiselo wemithetho unyuka ngokuzithandela, unciphisa imfuneko yokunyanzeleka.

Ukuchanabeka Ngenxa Yenguqu

Ukuba umthetho okhoyo ubonakala uphelelwe lixesha okanye ungekho mthethweni, abemi bangaxhasa ukuphinda kuhlaziywe. Oku kudla ngokuqala ngophando(ukuqonda isizathu sokuba umthetho wadalwa neziphumo zawo. Ukuqokelela inkxaso yabamelwane, ukuzisa ugcino-lwazi kwiintlanganiso zequmrhu lesixeko, kunye nokucebisa iziphumo ezithile. Ukuphumelela kokungalungisi kubangele iinguqu ezifana nokuvumela ezolimo zasedolophini, ukulungelelanisa imida yengxolo kwiziganeko ezingaphandle, okanye ukuhlaziya imigaqo yesithili yembali ukuvumela iifestile zanamhlanje ezisebenza amandla.

Ucelomngeni Lokugcina Imithetho Yasekuhlaleni Isebenza

Nangona imimiselo yasekuhlaleni ibalulekile, ikho neengxaki. Ingingqi yabantu ijamelana neengxaki ezininzi eziqhubekayo ekumiseni nasekunyanzeleni imithetho elungileyo, esebenzayo nengagungqiyo.

Ukuxhathisa Ukuguquka

Nawuphi na umthetho ocetyisiweyo `okanye ulungiso lwendawo ekhoyo' olunokudibana nokuchasana nabahlali abanobunewunewu bemo. Umzekelo, ukongeza iimfuno zokutshiza kumakhaya akhoyo kungachasana nexabiso, nangona isindisa ubomi. I-NIMBYS (“hayi Emva")) idla ngokuvela xa utshintsho olukhoyo luvumela ubunzima obuphezulu okanye indawo yokuhlala efikelelekayo. Uloyiso lufuna unxibelelwano olucacileyo lweengenelo, iinkqubo ezikhanyayo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha luye luye luye luye luziyekelele.

Izilondolozi Zikavimba

Oomasipala abancinane nabaphakathi basoloko bengenamali kunye nabasebenzi bokunyanzelisa yonke imimiselo ngokunempumelelo. Igosa elinye lomthetho lokwandiswa lisenokuba noxanduva lolwakhiwo lwemisebenzi engamawaka. Uvavanyo lungalibaziseka, izikhalazo zinqwale, zinikezele. Ubugcisa bunganceda izixeko zisebenzise ugcino-lwazi ukubeka iinkcukacha eziphezulu ze-riski-/* kodwa ekugqibeleni, ukuqinisekisa kufuneka imali. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali kuxhomekeke kuqingqo-mali olwaneleyo lukamasipala kuyinxalenye yokusebenza kwengingqi.

Izithuba zolwazi

Kwanabemi abazimisele kakuhle basenokungayazi imithetho ekhethekileyo esebenzayo kwimpahla yabo. Abanini-khaya abatsha basenokungaqondi ukuba isixeko sabo sifuna imvume yocingo olungaphaya kobude obuthile, okanye ukutyala imithi ekunene kwendlela kawonke-wonke kuthintelwe. Imiqobo yolwimi, ukungafumaneki kwe-intanethi, kunye nolwimi oluntsonkothileyo olusemthethweni konke kunegalelo kwizithuba zokuqonda. Oorhulumente bangathetha oku ngokudala izikhokelo ezicacileyo, ukulungiselela iinkonzo zoguqulelo, kunye nokuhlala yonke imigaqo ekhutshelwa kwi-intanethi.

Ukulungelelanisa ufana kunye nokuthamba

Imilinganiselo elingana nobukhulu obunye isenokungasebenzi kuyo yonke indawo ehlala kuyo. Umzekelo, umlinganiselo wengxolo omnye usenokuba ungqongqo kakhulu kwisithili esisetyenziswayo esinendawo zomculo kodwa udedelelo lwesitrato esithuleyo. Ezinye izixeko ziye zamkela “imigaqo esekelwe kwisakhiwo kunye nobuntu” ejolise kwimo yokwakha kunokuba ibekelw'imisebenzi engqongqo. Ezinye zisebenzisa imimandla egqunyweyo ukubeka imithetho eyahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezithile. Ukufumana umlinganiselo wasekunene phakathi kwendlela yokuzinza nobuchule basekuhlaleni kungumngenisi oqhubekayo.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Edityanisiweyo

Imimandla ekhuselekileyo, ecocekileyo ayenzeki ngengozi. Ibangelwa yimithetho yasekuhlaleni eyenziwe ngobuchule, ukunyanzelisa okungaguquguqukiyo, nokuthabatha inxaxheba ngenkuthalo kwabemi. Kwimithetho yokwakha ekhusela ingqibelelo yekhaya lakho kwimithetho yengxolo ekuvumela ulale ebusuku, le mithetho ingunondo wobomi boluntu. Ukuqonda kwayo kukunika amandla okuthobela ingqiniseko, ukuxhasa inkqubela, kwaye kufak ’ isandla kwingingqi efuna ukuba wonk ’ ubani azibhoxe ngayo.

Ngokuhlala usazi kakuhle, usoloko usenza imigaqo yasekuhlaleni isebenza kakuhle, ilungile kwaye iyasabela. Imigudu oyenzayo namhlanje inika iingenelo kwimfuno yempahla, ukhuseleko lukawonke wonke, kunye nolonwabo olulula lokuhlala kwindawo ekuhlala kuyo abantu abayazi kakuhle.