Umhlaba Ongumthetho: Isizathu Sokuba Ubaluleke

Imithetho yasekuhlaleni yinkqubo elawula indlela onokulitshintsha ngayo ikhaya lakho. Ikhona ukukhusela ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, ugcino lobuntu, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lunetyala kwimekobume. Ukungahoyi le mithetho kungakhokelela ekumiseni imiyalelo, iifatyi ezidibanisa amawaka eerandi kuqingqo-mali lwakho, kwakunye neempikiswano ezisemthethweni ezikunyanzela ukuba ulungise umsebenzi ogqityiweyo. Ukuba udibanisa umgangatho, ukugqiba umgangatho ongaphantsi, okanye ukwakha ibali lesibini, ukuqonda imekobume yokulungisa yengingqi yengingqi yengini ekwinyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo nakweliphi na impumelelo.

Imigaqo Yokwakha: Isiseko Sokhuseleko

Ikhowudi zokwakha yiseti yemigangatho encinci elawula indlela izakhiwo ezimele zenziwe ngayo, zakhiwe, zagcinwa. Zihlaziywa ngamaxesha athile ukubonakalisa inkqubela-phambili kwizixhobo, injineli, kunye nenzululwazi yokhuseleko. Oomasipala abaninzi bamkela i- International Building Code (IBC) okanye INTERNATIOME Residential Code [ISC:3] ngemiqathango yolwakhiwo lwendawo.

Ingqibelelo Yokwakha

Ulungiso lwakho malungalalanisi ukudibana kwesakhiwo esikhoyo. Oku kuquka iindonga ezithwala umthwalo, iziseko, iijoars, kunye nezigqumo zophahla. Umzekelo, ukususa udonga oluthwala umthwalo ngaphandle kokufaka isitampu esifanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso kunokwenza imigangatho i-sag okanye kwanawe. Ikhowudi ichaza ubuncinane bobukhulu kunye nezithuba zemiqadi ezisekelwe kumgama kunye nomthwalo. Uyakufuna injineli yesakhiwo ukuze ityikitye nakweziphi na izicwangciso ezinkulu zokulungisa.

Iinkqubo zombane

Amapasethi ombane anyusiweyo, ongezelele iipaseji, okanye imibhobho e-odolwayo kufuneka idibane ne- Code yombane welizwe (NEC) kunye nekhowudi yemibhobho yasekuhlaleni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukulinganisa okufanelekileyo kocingo, izithinteli-zijikelezi, ukwandisa, kunye nezixhobo zemibhobho yemibho yemibho. Uknari yegumbi lokuhlambela, kufuneka ufake impompo yomgqomo wenkunkuma kunye neepayipi ngokwekhowudi. Ukungaphumeleli kwale milinganiselo kukhokelela kwingozi yomlilo, kwizixhobo zokulahla inkunkuma, kwaye ungayinyanisile uvavanyo.

Ukhuseleko Lomlilo Nokusebenza kwamandla

Imithetho yokwakha yanamhlanje ikwagxininisa ukhuseleko lomlilo kunye nokusebenza kwamandla. Iimfuno zisenokuquka:

  • Uphatho lwemisi kunye nekharbon monoxide ekhupha ibhethri.
  • Iindibano ezifakwe umlilo phakathi kweqela kwizindlu ezinentsapho ezininzi.
  • Awona manqanaba ancinci okuqinisa amadonga, amatye, neziseko (ixabiso leR lahluka ngommandla wemozulu).
  • Iifestile ezisebenzayo zamandla ezinemeko ezithile zeU nelanga Heat Ingeniso Conations.
  • Ukuvalwa komoya kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhupha umoya ukucutha ukufuma nokuphucula umgangatho womoya ongaphakathi.

Kubalulekile ukukhangela izilungisi zasekuhlaleni kwiIRC yommandla wemozulu yakho. Iindawo ezininzi ngoku zifuna uvavanyo lwendlu yokuphethulela ukuqinisekisa ukuvuza komoya.

Indlela Yokuphanda Ikhowudi Yakho Yasekuhlaleni

Qalisa ngokutyelela i-website yesebe lokwakha. Jonga kwi- "Ikhowudi ye-Resilium". okanye "Ukwakha imithetho” iphepha. Ungathenga rhoqo ikopi yekhowudi eyamkelekileyo yendawo ekuyo kwi-intanethi. Okanye, imimandla emininzi inikeza unikezelo lwamahala olukhululekileyo kwithala lekhowudi yayo. Izakhiwo kunye noomatshini bokwakha baqhelene nezi mfuneko kwaye banokuba nguvimba obalulekileyo. Imigangatho yesizwe, jonga kwiBhunga lenjongo yesizwe, [C][FLT][FL:5]

Imithetho ebhaqileyo: Ukususa Impahla Yakho

Imithetho yokuyila ilawula indlela yokusebenzisa umhlaba – oko unokukwakha, indawo, nenjongo. Idla ngokulungiselelwa ukuba ibe zisithili (izentengiso, ezoshishino,) ezinemithetho ekhethekileyo yenye.

Imiqobo Nesigqubuthelo SikaLote

Itefbacks ichaza umgama osezantsi ukusuka endlwini yakho ukuya kwimigca yepropati. Ukuba uceba igumbi longezo, kufuneka lihlale kumacala afunekayo, nangasemva. Umphetho welothe ulinganisela ipesenti yejelo lakho elinokugqunywa yizakhiwo (kuquka indlu, igalaji, kunye nesheshi). Ukukhupha le mida kungaphumela ekulahlweni kwemvume yakho. Umhloli unokukunceda ugqibe imigca echaphazelekayo.

Imiqathango yobude kunye nezimvo

Ukujika inqanawe kusoloko kumisela imida yokwakha ubude, obungachaphazela izicwangciso zolwandiso lwesibini okanye izithinteli-kuhamba. Ezinye iindawo ezihlala kuzo zine “ ingumqondiso wesikhokelo” [ olawula izinto zangaphandle, amathambeka ophahla, kunye nendlela zefestile ukugcina ujongo olungqukuva. Kwisithili zembali, ezi zithintelo zinokuba ngqongqo kakhulu, zifuna uvukelo kwibhodi yogcino.

Usetyenziso lwelizwe nezakhiwo

Ukuzingela kulawula oko ungakwenza ngempahla yakho. Umzekelo, ishishini elisekelwe ekhaya lingafuna imvume eyodwa. Iiyunithi zokuhlala (ADU) – maxa wambi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ranny plasmat – zivumelekile kwiindawo ezininzi kodwa ngobungakanani obubodwa, ipali, nemithetho yokupakisha yomnini. Ukuba ufuna ukongeza ipaseji okanye igalaji engenanto, khangela ukuba ivumelekile kusini na njengokusetyenziswa konikezelo.

Ukufumana Umahluko

Ukuba iprojekthi yakho ayihlangani nonobumba ongqongqo wekhowudi yokulungisa, ungafaka i uphakamiso . Esi sisicelo esisemthethweni sokuphambuka kwimithetho ngenxa yobunzima obubodwa, njengendawo emile ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuva uwonke-wonke phambi kwebhodi yokufaka isibheno. Kufuneka ubonise ukuba uphicotho aluyi kuyonakalisa ungini kwaye ubunzima abuzivelilisi. Imvume ayithathi veki okanye iinyanga.

Imvume: Ukukhanya Okusemthethweni Okuluhlaza

Imvume yemvume zimvumelwano ezisemthethweni zokuba iprojekthi yakho ihlangabezane nekhowudi neemfuno zokuhlala. Ikhusela wena kunye nabathengi bexesha elizayo ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi uvavanyiwe ukuze kukhuseleke.

Iintlobo Zemvume

Imvume eqhelekileyo iquka:

  • Imvume yokwakha [[FLT: 0] – kutshintsho lokwakhiwa, ukongezwa, ulwakhiwo olutsha.
  • [[UMTL: 0] imvume yeqonga lemidlalo ekhatywayo – ukujika, unyuso lwendawo yolawulo, iziphaluka ezintsha.
  • Imvume yokukhupha i-[FLT: 1] – kwimisebenzi emitsha, umbhobho ubaleka, izifudumezi zamanzi.
  • Imvume yemetal – kwisixokelelwano se-HVAC, i-suctwork, iintambo zegesi.
  • Imvume yokufumana [[FLT: 0] – ukususa iindonga zangaphakathi okanye zonke izakhiwo.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Imvume yokufumana imvume – ukuba umsebenzi unwebela ekunene kwendlela (ekunene, kwisitrato).

Kusenokungafuni mvume, kodwa kusenokuba bubulumko ukuqinisekisa ukuba usebenza kwisebe lakho lokwakha.

Inkqubo Yenkqubo

Amanyathelo aqhelekileyo ngala:

  1. Isebe lokwakha linikwe izicwangciso ezineenkcukacha (izicwangciso zeplani, ukuphakama, iinkcukacha zesakhiwo, isicwangciso sesiza).
  2. Imali yesicelo, isoloko isekelwe kuxabiso leprojekthi.
  3. Linda ucwangciso lokuzihlola – oku kunokuthatha iintsuku ngeeveki. Kusenokucelwa ukulungiswa.
  4. Xa uvunyiwe, ufumana ikhadi lemvume, elimele libekwe kwindawo yomsebenzi.
  5. Iqonga lokuhlola kwincopho ezingundoqo (isiqalo, ukuphosa, ukurhabaxa kombane/umbane, okokugqibela).
  6. Emva kokudlula kohlolo lokugqibela, ufumana isiqinisekiso sokuhlala okanye sokugqiba.

Amanye amagunya avumela [[FLT: 0] imvume yokusetyenziswa kwezicelo kunye nokuthobela isicwangciso samanani, okunokuthi kuphelelise inkqubo. Kukhokelo, bona isikhokelo se-HUD kwimvume zasekhaya zokulungisa.

Uvavanyo noqulunqo

Musa ukuvala iindonga okanye ukugalela ikonkrithi phambi kohlolo olufanelekileyo. Ulandelelwano oluqhelekileyo: uhlolo, uhlolo lwesiseko, uhlolo lokuvala (emva kokugquma kodwa phambi kokugquma), uhlolo olurhabaxa (umbane, imibhobho, umatshini womatshini), uvavanyo lokukhusela, kunye nohlolo lokugqibela. Umhloli wakho uza kuhlola ukuthobela kwekhowudi kwaye iinkqubo zokuvavanya (umz., uxinzelelo lwamanzi, GFCIPROP).

Imiphumo Yemvume Yokutsiba

Ukusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume kuyingozi:

  • Imiyalelo yokumisa umsebenzi emisa ulwakhiwo ngokukhawuleza.
  • Ifatyi enokuthi iphindeke kabini okanye iphindwe kathathu ixabiso lemvume.
  • Ukususwa komsebenzi ongavunyelwanga kufuneka udilize iindonga.
  • Ubunzima bokuthengisa ikhaya – isongezo esingavunyelwanga ngokufuthi kufuneka sityhilwe kwaye sinokunciphisa ixabiso lempahla.
  • Iziphumo ze-inshorensi zisenokungavunywa ukuba umonakalo ubangelwa ngumsebenzi ongavunyelwanga.

AmaQela abaLawuli bezindlu: Ulwaleko Olwandisiweyo loLawulo

Ukuba impahla yakho iyinxalenye yoluntu olulawulwa ngumnqophiso, i-HOA inemimiselo yayo enokuthi ibe yengqongqo kakhulu kunokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sasekuhlaleni. Kufuneka uthobele zombini.

Ulungiso lolungiso oluzenzekelayo kunye noyilo

Ngokuqhelekileyo ulawulo lwehoo:

  • Imibala yokupeyinta kunye nezinto zomphambili.
  • Ukubeka uphahla lwempahla nombala.
  • Izimbo zokulungisa, ukuphakama, kunye nofakelo.
  • Ukuyila iplani (iintlobo zezityalo, imithi, ukusonga).
  • Iindibaniso ze window (kufuneka zithelekise nohlobo lwengingqi).
  • Ukongeza imigangatho, ipatio, okanye ipetrongolo.

I-HO njengoko kufuneka unikezele [[Nkqutyana: 0] IKomiti yeNjinganiso ye-Architectural (ARC) isicelo ngenkcukacha zomzobo nesampuli yemichako. Imvume ingathatha iintsuku ezingama-30/90. Ungaqali umsebenzi phambi kokuba ufumane uvumo olubhaliweyo.

Izantyalantyala Nonyanzelo

Ukwaphula imithetho ye-HOA kungakhokelela kwintengo eqokelela yonke imihla, elala kwimpahla yakho, kwanakwisenzo esisemthethweni. I-HOA ingakunyanzela ukuba ulungise utshintsho abalujonga lungelulo. Umzekelo, ukufaka ucingo olungaphaya kobude obuvumelekileyo lungaphumela ekuhleni kwaye lunqumle phantsi.

Ukusebenza Nehoya Yakho

Qalisa ngokuqwalasela ii-C&R zakho C (Isivumelwano, Iimeko, kunye nemiqathango) kunye naziphi na izikhokelo zoyilo. Yibani neentlanganiso zebhodi ye-HOA ukuze niyiqonde inkqubo. Yakha ulwalamano lwentsebenziswano – ukuba ufuna ukuphicotha, ibhodi inokwenzeka kakhulu ukukuhlalisa ukuba ulandele imithetho edlulileyo. Cinga ngokuqesha inkampani enamava okusebenza ne-HOA kwindawo yakho.

Ulwazelelelo Olukhethekileyo

IMimandla embali neebhodi ezilondoloziweyo

Ukuba ikhaya lakho likwisithili esimiselwe kwicala lasekuhlaleni, ulungiso lwakho kufuneka luvumelane nemilinganiselo yogcino lwemeko. Awunakutshintsha iifestile okanye uthathe isangqa ngezinto zangoku; ungafuna ukusebenzisa iiprojekthi ezichanekileyo zembali, iglazi, kunye nepeyinti. Iimfekta ezitshintsha ubume besakhiwo – njengokudibanisa i-dormer okanye ivinyl diffte- ingakhatywa ngokupheleleyo. Le nkqubo iyakufuneka ukunikela iinjongo zakho kwiKhomishini yokwahlula ngokwembali [[FLT: 0] kwaye mhlawumbi ufumane i- i-equzelo lobugqaliselo lwe-cawangcingo [[FLT]. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuva nokwenza uvumo lwezobugcisa.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo neyomhlaba

Iimpawu ezikufutshane nemilambo, amachibi, amaxhama, okanye izikhukula ziphantsi kweminye imimiselo eyongezelelekileyo. Umthetho wamanzi ococekileyo kunye nemithetho yolawulo lwamanzi ommandla ingafuna ukuba ufumane imvume kwi [ Izicwangciso zobuGcisa bobuGcisa. Ukuba uceba nawuphi na umhlaba ophazamisayo kwindawo ethile (ngokufuthi ihektare okanye ngaphezulu), ungafuna imvume [[[FLTLT:]] ungcoliseko lwezicwangciso zongcoliso [[[FLTPPP]]. Ukhukula ufuna iziqinisekiso kunye nendlela onokunyusa ngayo okanye ukunciphisa ngayo umgangatho wendlela. Ukungaphumeleli kwengxelo yengxelo yolawulo.

Iimfuno Zofikeleleko

Ukuba ulungiso lwakho lubangelwa kukukhubazeka okanye ukuba wenza iyunithi yokukrala, ungaxhobisa AA okanye Imfuno zeFair Houseswor act. Kwanamakhaya entsapho enye, iikhowudi ezininzi ngoku zifuna ukuba kubekho umnyango omnye wesithuba esiphezulu, iminyango ebanzi, kunye nokhuthazo lokubamba imivalo kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Khangela kwisebe lakho lokwakha – amanye amagumbi omatshini anemithetho egqitha iimfuno zomthetho worhulumente.

Ukuhambisa Ucwangciso: Amacebiso Empumelelo

Qala Kuqala Uphando

Qalisa ukuphengulula imimiselo yasekuhlaleni ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umhla ocetyiweyo. Biza isebe lokwakha uze ubuze malunga nemigca yexesha eliqhelekileyo kunye neenguqu zekhowudi zakutshanje. Oomasipala abaninzi baneentlanganiso zangaphambi kokwenziwa kwenkqubo apho ungayixubusha ngokungacwangciswanga ngomhloli wesicwangciso.

Name

Inkomfa egunyazisiweyo etsala imvume rhoqo iya kuqhuba i-graygrafigg ngokunempumelelo kakhulu kune-DIY khaya. Bayazi ukuba ngowuphi umhloli ofanele umtyelele, ziziphi iinkcukacha ezimele ziqukwe kwizicwangciso, nendlela yokusingatha ulungiso. Ngamaxesha onke inkampani yakho iqinisekisa ukuba ine-inshorensi yetyala kunye nentlawulo yabasebenzi. Umsebenzi okhethekileyo (umthetho, umbane), iqesha inkampani yezoshishino enemvume.

Uqingqo-mali Lwemvume Nezigulana

Iindleko zemvume ziyahluka-hluka kakhulu – ukusuka kumawaka ambalwa eerandi kumsebenzi wombane olula ukuya kumawaka aliqela ongezelelweyo. Uhlaziyo lohlaziyo lwemali kwakhona ukwenzela iindleko zokulungisa, iindleko zokuhlawula (kwimibhobho emitsha), kunye neendleko zohlolo. Beka bucala iindleko ezongezelelekileyo ze-5-10% zoqingqo-mali lwakho olupheleleyo lokulungisa izinto ngokutsha, ezifana neemvavanyo zomhlaba okanye uvavanyo lobunjineli.

Ukunxibelelana Nabasemagunyeni

Zigcine iilayini ezivulekileyo kunye nomhloli wokwakha wasekuhlaleni. Bangaphendula imibuzo ephathelele ukutolikwa kwekhowudi kwaye basenokucebisa ukuba uthobele imigaqo ebhaliweyo. Gcina onke amaphepha avunyiweyo, iingxelo zohlolo, kunye neeplani ezivunyiweyo ezisedolophini. Ukuba ufuna ukwenza utshintsho ngexesha lolwakhiwo, yenza amalungiselelo ahlaziyiweyo okwamkela – ungagqibi nje.

Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Nendlela Yokuziphepha

Enye impazamo eqhelekileyo yile icinga ukuba ngenxa yokuba ummelwane wenza into, ungenza into efanayo. Utshintsho lwemithetho, kunye nokugcinwa komthetho kuyahluka. Ngamaxesha onke uqinisekisa iimfuno zangoku. Olunye ukhuphiswano oluqhelekileyo luyelela ukukhangela izinto eziluncedo ezingaphantsi komhlaba phambi kokumba. Khamaza [FLT: 0] 8811][[FLT 1] (kwi U.S.1]) ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini zoshishino phambi kokuba nayiphi na into yokumba ukuze ube nemigca eluncedo ephawulwe – oku kuyimfuneko ngumthetho kwaye kunokuthi kuthintele imigca yegesi eyingozi ebethayo. Kwakhona, musa ukuthembela kwicebiso jikelele kwiintanethi, iintambo zobulali zinokukhusela iikhowudi zesizwe.

Indleko Yokungavumelani

Isiphumo semali sokungahoyi imimiselo sinokuba sikhulu. Qwalasela umninimzi eSan Diego owakha imvume engagunyaziswanga yemali engama-500-square-nyawo. Emva kokuba ummelwane ekhalaze, isixeko safuna unyuso olupheleleyo – indleko engaphezulu kwe-$500,000. Ukongezelela iindleko zomthetho nemali ehlawulelweyo, kunye nemali epheleleyo engaphaya ko-R250 000. Ngokuchasene nomthetho, ukufumana imvume efanelekileyo kuzakubiza imali engaphantsi kwee-$5 000 kwimirhumo yorhwebo kunye nobunjineli. Ukhuseleko lude lungaphezulu nangaphezulu: iinkqubo zombane ezizingcingo zentambo ezizingcingo zibangela amawaka eengcipheko yendlu ngonyaka.

Isiphelo

Imimiselo yendawo ayiyomiqobo nje ephezulu – ayiyoyo ikhusela wena, intsapho yakho, kunye notyalo-mali lwakho. Ngokuqonda ikhowudi yokwakha, ukubeka imithetho, ukuvumela iimfuno, kunye nemithetho ye-HOA, uzimisa kwimiqathango entle, ekhuselekileyo. Qala uphando lwakho kwangoko, qesha iingcali ezifanelekayo, kwaye ungaze unqumle iimbombo kwimvume. Inkxalabo efanelekileyo igcina ixesha, imali, kunye nonxunguphalo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iprojelo yakho yasekhaya impumelelo ukususela ekuqaleni. [[FLT:] IBhunga lemithetho yemithetho ye-siseko, ndwendwela iBhunga leqela lezemfundo [[FLT:]] iBM] iBhunga leze i-webhsayithi yokwakha yasekuhlaleni. Ukusebenza nge-hoom, ukubukeza [FTBM]