Indima ephambili yemithetho yasekuhlaleni ekufumaneni unyango olugqwethekileyo

Ukufikelela kwinkxalabo yezempilo kuyinto engundoqo kwinkxalabo yabantu kunye nabantu abahlala ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa ukulula komntu anokufumana unyango akuyonto nje ye-inshorensi okanye ukusondelelana nesibhedlele. Amandla amakhulu nasoloko etyeshelwa luluhlu lwemithetho yasekuhlaleni ngezantsi, imithetho yephondo, nemithetho kamasipala elawula yonke into ukusuka kumntu okwaziyo ukusebenzisa unyango ukuya kuphi na umsebenzi omele unikelwe. Le mithetho isenokuyilungisa indlela yokunyamekela okanye yokumisa imiqobo eyoyiyo. Kuzo zozibini izigula nabaguli, kukuqonda indlela ekuyimfuneko ngayo ukufikelela kwimithetho yasekuhlaleni ekuqhubeni inkqubo yonyango kunye nokukhuthaza utshintsho olunentsingiselo.

Eli nqaku lihlolisisa iindlela ezininzi apho imithetho yasekuhlaleni ichaphazela ukufikelela kwempilo, ukusuka kwimiqathango yokunyamekela abaguli kunye nemigangatho yeziko ukuya kwiimfuno ze-inshorensi kunye namanyathelo empilo yoluntu. Siza kuhlola imingeni ekhoyo kule migaqo nendlela amaqela olawulo olunemithetho esebenzela ngayo ukuwaguqula ukuze afumane inkathalo elinganayo.

Ukunika inkxaso-mali kunye nokulawula: Abagcini-sango boMlungiseleli

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo zokuphembelela ukufikelela kwemigaqo yezonyango yasekuhlaleni kukusetyenziswa koogqirha abanolwazi ngezonyango kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweengcali zonyango. Umbuso ngamnye e-U.S., umzekelo, umisela ezawo iimfuno koogqirha, abongikazi, amagosa oogqirha, nabasebenzi bezonyango abamanyeneyo. Le miyalelo ingaquka iimfundo ezithile, uvavanyo, iimali zokuthenga imfundo, kunye novavanyo lwemvelaphi. Ngoxa imilinganiselo enjalo yenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomonde, kwakhona ingenza iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zonikezelo.

Imfuno ezi-asethi ezi-DS, kunye nolwahlulo lwe-Goographic

Kwamanye amazwe, ukuvalwa kwemithetho egqithisileyo kulinganisela inani loogqirha abanokungena emarikeni. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni okanye ezingaphantsi kwexabiso lomntu omnye ozalisayo okanye oyingcali yezifo zengqondo apho ugqirha omnye wengqondo anokusebenza kwingingqi epheleleyo. Ukunqongophele kwezibonelelo ezifumana inkxaso-mali kubaguli abahamba imigama emide okanye bashiye inkathalo ngokupheleleyo. Uphando olusuka kwi-SGRAFH Information Hub lubonisa ukuba phantse nama-60% eeqikelelo olugunyazwe ngurhulumente kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, apho iingcongconi ezithintelayo zinegalelo.

IziQulathi-zincwadi eziQhelekileyo: Isisombululo esiBanzi

Ukudambisa ezi ndlala, amazwe amaninzi aye adibanisa iintwalansi zolawulo lwamalungu aphakathi, njengee- iNtemmental Licenfire Junity [i-IMLC] okanye iMonist Licensifire Commintact (NLC). Ezi zivumelwano zivumela abanikezeli abagunyazi belizwe elinye lamalungu ukuba basebenze kwelinye ngaphandle kokufumana inkqubo epheleleyo, eyahlukeneyo yokulungisa i-injini. Ngelixa eli shishini lobuphicoci linokunyusa ukufumaneka koncedo olukhoyo ````i-icentificentification''''', kwaye uxanduva ubunzima bolawulo luhleli kumazwe angasebenzi. Izigulayo ziyakwazi ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiingcali, ukubonisa indlela okubonakala okuzichaphazeleyo.

Imithetho yenzeko: Ukunika Igunya okanye ukubeka imiqathango kubalungiseleli abangaphi

Enye indawo enzima yimithetho echaza imisebenzi abathe bayenza abathengisi, abathengisi, oogqirha, oogqirha, kunye nabanye abaphengululi abangengomalungu onyango lwe-physician bangenza ngokwabo. Kwimithetho ye-SOP ethintelayo, abangcakazi banokungavunyelwa ukuba banike amayeza athile okanye bavule amakliniki abo ngaphandle kolawulo lwagqirha. Oku kungachaza ukuba kutheni kunqongophele ukunqongophala koogqirha, ngokukodwa kwinkathalo ephambili. Ngokuchasene noko, kuchazwa ukuba kuvunyelwe igunya elipheleleyo lokusebenzisa abongikazi ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni (APN) ababona ukufikelela okuphuculiweyo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi kwe-inkonzo, njengoko kubhaliwe [[FLT] iNUPLAT] iN.

Imigangatho yobuso: Imithetho esebenzayo ephembelela inkonzo

Ngaphandle kwabanikezeli ngabanye, imithetho yasekuhlaleni imisela imilinganiselo eqingqiweyo esetyenziswayo kwizibhedlele, kwiikliniki, kumakhaya anyamekela abalupheleyo, nakwezinye iindawo zonyango. Le migaqo iquka yonke into ukusuka kwizibonelelo zomzimba nakwizixhobo ukuya kwizinga lomlinganiselo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ukwasulelwa. Nangona zibalulekile kumgangatho nokhuseleko, zikwanokuvelisa iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga ukuze zifikelele.

Isalathisi-soMgaqo-nkqubo (I-CON)

Enye yezona zixhobo zidityanisiweyo zezolawulo oluphicothiweyo ngumthetho weSatifiketi-soMkhosi (CON), othi kwamanye amazwe ufune ukuba imibutho yonyango ifumane imvume karhulumente ngaphambi kokwandisa izakhiwo okanye ukunikela iinkonzo ezintsha. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuba imithetho ye-CON ithintela ukwenziwa kweeprojekthi ezibiza imali eninzi kunye nokulawulwa kwempilo. Abahlalutyi bachaphazele ukuba baluthintela ukhuphiswano kwaye balubeke umlinganiselo wokhetho lomguli, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho isibhedlele esinye sinokulawula khona emarikeni. Ngokutsho kwe- iNgqungquthela yeSiko seSizwe soMgaqo-mthetho , malunga nama-35], iinkqubo zokuhlanganisa iinkonzo ezithile zonyango. Ukususa okanye ukukhulula le mithetho kubonise ukunyuka kwenani lotyando, kwanezo zonyango lwe-Aptic, kwanezo zonyango, kwanezo zandisa izakhiwo zezabelana lwezibhedreji yeekt.

Ukujika nelizwe Kusebenzisa Imithetho

Imimiselo yendawo isenokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwezibonelelo zonyango ezintsha. Kwiidolophu ezininzi, imiqathango yokuhlala ithintela ukwakhiwa kweekliniki kwimimandla ehlala abantu okanye kufutshane nezikolo, kwanaxa iindawo ezinjalo zinokufikeleleka kakhulu kubemi abafumana imali ephantsi. Ngokufanayo, imfuno zokupaka kunye nokungalungelelani komlinganiselo wokunyuka zinokunyusa ixabiso lokwakha ikliniki entsha, edinisa ukuveliswa kwemali kwimimandla egciniweyo. Amaqela ee-aracki asoloko esebenza neebhodi zocwangciso-ongingqi zasekuhlaleni ukuze enze “ukhuseleko oluphezulu lwendawo egcina imali.

Ukulungiselelwa kweMbali neNkxaso yeeNkonzo

Imithetho eyalela ukuba kulungiselelwe ungxamiseko, njengokulungiselelwa koomatshini bombane bokuxhasa, izinto zokukhupha umbane, okanye umthamo wokukhupha igalelo, isenokuchaphazela ukufikelela. Ngoxa le mithetho ibalulekile kukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, iindleko zokuthobela zinokuthintelwa kwizibhedlele ezincinane zasemaphandleni. Kwezinye iimeko, izibhedlele ziye zanyanzeleka ukuba zivale amasebe azo ongxamiseko okanye amagumbi okunyamekela abantwana ngenxa yokungakwazi ukufikelela imilinganiselo ehlazisiweyo, zishiya wonke amaphondo ngaphandle koncedo olubalulekileyo lokhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Umlinganiselo phakathi kokhuseleko nobuchule bokusebenza kwamakhaya ungoomatshini abasebenza kakuhle kufuneka bahambe kakuhle.

I-inshorensi: Indlela Imithetho Yogqumo Yasekuhlaleni Elawula Ngayo Nokhetho

Imimiselo ye-inshorensi yasekuhlaleni yenye i-inshorensi enamandla echaphazela ukufumaneka kwempilo. Amasebe e-inshorensi karhulumente ajonge ukucocwa kwee-inshorensi, imvume yeemali, kwaye achaza iingenelo ezigunyazisiweyo. Le mithetho iphembelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ngabahlali nangamalini.

Iingenelo Ezibalulekileyo Zempilo Neenkonzo Zokukhusela

Kumgangatho wesizwe, izikhululo ezininzi zendlu yowiso-mthetho ziphumeze imithetho efuna iinjongo zempilo zokugubungela iinkonzo ezithile zempilo-yonyango lwengqondo, ukuthintela ukukhawula, okanye ukunyanga kwaminyaka le.. Ngeli xesha le miyalelo yandisa ukufikelela kwinkathalo ebalulekileyo, ziyakwazi ukunyusa inkcitho, ezinokuba zisusa abantu abangenayo ingeniso ephantsi abangayifanelekiyo inkxaso-mali. Uxinezeleko phakathi komqukumbeko obanzi kunye nokungabinamali ngumxholo ophinda-phindeneyo kumgaqo we-inshorensilensi. Ufundo olusuka ku- Kaiser FamilyFoundation lubonisa ukuba ngemiqatha imiyalelo yempilo efunekayo isoloko isenza inzuzo engakhuselwanga kakuhle kodwa ephezulu.

Imithetho yenethwekhi yokungavumelani

Imigaqo yendawo ikwalawula indlela iinkampani ze-inshorensi ezimele zakhe ngayo iinethwekhi zazo zokunyamekela izibonelelo. “Imigangatho yenethwekhi ifuna ukuba imigangatho encinci iquke ugqirha oyintloko, iingcali, nezibhedlele kumgama ofanelekileyo kwaye zilinde ixesha. Kwimimandla enemithetho eqinileyo yenethwekhi, abaguli bayakwazi ukufikelela kakuhle kwinkathalo yenethwekhi kwaye bambalwa abanokuhlawula imali eninzi ngokungalindelekanga. Ngokuchasene noko, imilinganiselo ebuthathaka okanye enganyanzelekanga kunokuthi ikhokelele kukhetho lomguli olulinganiselwe, ingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni apho kukho abaxhasi abambalwa.

IMithetho yeNkcubeko neMithetho eHlaziyayo

Isifo se-COVID-19 sikhawulezisa ukusetyenziswa komguli obekwe ngaphaya kwemigca ye-telehealth, kodwa ikamva lakhe lixhomekeke kakhulu kwimithetho karhulumente. Imithetho yemiqathango ifuna abahlawuleli ukubuyisela iinkonzo ze-telehealth kumlinganiselo ofanayo nakutyelelo lwe-person, lo gama imithetho ye-intenassings karhulumente igqiba ukuba ngaba ugqirha anganyanga isigulana esibekwe ngaphaya kwemigca ye-mo ye-morekho. Ngokwangokuba ngo-2025, amazwe amaninzi aye amisela imithetho yexeshana okanye esisigxina, ngokuphawulekayo unikezelo lwabaguli kwiimeko ezikude okanye ezimidangathwalwayo. Kodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango yemimiselo enqamle iimeko ezinqamleneyo kudala ukuntluntsonko lwezinzipho kwaye anokunqumla imida ye-teheth-otal, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokhathalelo olukhethekileyo.

Amanyathelo aphambili empilo yoluntu: Iinguqu Eziphuma Kumthetho

Imigaqo yasekuhlaleni idla ngokusetyenziswa ekuncedeni uluntu ukuba luzame ukuvala izithuba ezishiywe yinkqubo yonyango oluqhelekileyo. Ezi zenzo zizalwa ngokuqonda ukuba izithintelo zokulawula azinakusoloko zitshintshwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kufuneka inyathelo elikhawulezileyo lokunceda abantu abasengozini.

Iiyunithi zempilo ehambayo kunye neenkqubo zokuchaphazeleka

Ngenxa yocelomngeni lokusebenza kweendawo kunye neziko lokulungisa iintwala, abantu abaninzi baye basungula iiyunithi zezempilo ezihambayo ezizisa inkathalo ephambili, iinkonzo zamazinyo, kunye novavanyo lwempilo ngqo kwimimandla ehlala kuyo. La maqela asebenza phantsi kwezakhiwo ezithile zolawulo-lwazi. Ngokufana ne-kliniki yexeshana okanye amaqabane eebhedlele agunyazisiweyo kunye nezibhedlele ezigunyazisiweyo . eziwenza akwazi ukunikela inkathalo ngaphandle kokwakha izitena neziko ezihamba ngeenyawo. Umzekelo, i- IMaphu yempilo ye-[] amaxwebhu angamakhulu eenkqubo anjalo aqelelene neenkqubo ngaphaya kweU.S. aphuculwendlela yokufikelela kwimimandla yezonyango phantsi kwemisebenzi yezonyango, kuquka noomasipala-omatila-ma nabantu basezi-dolokhwe.

Abasebenzi Bezonyango Boluntu Nokugqalwa Njengomthetho

Enye intsingiselo ekhulayo kukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi bezonyango (CHWs) ekuvaleni umsantsa phakathi kwezigulana kunye nenkqubo yonyango. Amanye amaphondo aye enza iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa nge-CHWs, nto leyo ebangela ukuba bahlawulelwe nguMedicaid ngokunikezela ngemfundo yempilo, ulwamkelo, kunye nenkxaso yoluntu. Oku kuqwalaselwa komthetho kuye kwanyusa ukuphumelela kongenelelo olusekelwe ekuhlaleni, ingakumbi kulawulo lwezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nempilo yomama. Noko ke, kumazwe ngaphandle kwezo zakhiwo, iCHEDWS isoloko isebenza ngokubonelela ngemali elinganiselwe, inciphisa ukufikelela nokuzinzisa nokuzinzisa.

Ukunyamezela Ucelomngeni Neengxaki Ezibangelwa Kuko

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela eyenziwe ngokuthabatha amanyathelo kunye nokulungisa iinguqu, abantu abaninzi baseMerika basajamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni unyango olusekelwe kwimithetho yasekuhlaleni. Ukuchaza le miqobo kubalulekile ekujolisweni.

Iindleko zokuqokelela kunye “nomthwalo Wolawulo”

Abanikezi bononophelo lwempilo basoloko bekhankanya indleko ephezulu yokuthobela umgaqo njengendlela yokunqanda ukunikela iinkonzo kwizicwangciso ezisezantsi. Uqheliso oluncinci oluzimeleyo nezibhedlele zasemaphandleni zithwala isabelo esingenakulinganiswa salo mthwalo, njengoko kufuneka baqeshe amagosa athobelayo, bathenge iinkqubo ze-IF IF ukuze baqhubeke befundisa. Xa iindleko zokuthobela zithe azikwazi ukulawulwa, izibonelelo ziqinisa, zisondele, okanye ziyeke ukwamkela iintlobo ezithile ze-inshorensidensi (* zonke ezinciphisa ukufikelela komguli. Imanyano yezibhedlele ye-American Hospital []] iqikelela ukuba ukuthobela okulawula okungalawulekiyo, ngokwe-avarejiyo, 25% yoqingqo-mali yendlela yokusebenza kwesibhedlele, imali enokuthi kungenjalo isetyenziswe kwinkathalo esiguli.

Imimandla Esemaphandleni Nengasetyenziswayo

Imimiselo yendawo isoloko inempembelelo embi ngokungenakulinganiswa kuluntu lwasemaphandleni nakwelee-athom ezikhoyo. Umzekelo, umthetho karhulumente ofuna ukuba zonke iikliniki zibe nogqirha osebenza kuzo zonke iiyure zokusebenza unokuba nokwenzeka kwisixeko kodwa ungabikho kwidolophu enogqirha omnye kuphela wexesha. Ngokufanayo, imiqathango ye-telehealth efuna ukutyelela umntu phambi kokuba uphando lwenyani lubangele imithwalo engakumbi yezohambo kwizigulana ezisele ziphila kude nokhathalelo olukhethekileyo. Isiphumo sikwinkqubo emibini ekwidolophu apho i-itrie ekwindawo ehlala kuyo ngokungaqondangaphakalanga ikhuthaza impilo yokuhlala kumazwe.

Ukukhululeka Nengxaki Yokusebenza

Ucelomngeni olwandayo lukuncitshiswa kwemithetho yasekuhlaleni. Amanye amaphondo anike imithetho ethintela izixeko kunye nobalo lokumisela imimiselo yawo yezonyango, enjengemiqathango yekhefu egulayo, umlinganiselo omncinane wabasebenzi, okanye imiyalelo yempilo kawonke-wonke. Ngelixesha abaxhasi bephikisayo ukuba ukuhlangulwa kudala ukungaguquguquki, abagxeki bayazithintela intlalo kwaye bathintele abantu ekuthetheni ngeemfuno ezikhethekileyo zasekuhlaleni. Oku kulawula udokolwana-o-ooo-odadokolwana bemfazwe kungashiya abahlali kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo, ezinokukhuselwa okumbalwa nokungena nkathalo oluza kungeneyo.

Ubuchule Nendlela Yokwalathisa Utshintsho

Ukuphucula okunentsingiselo ekufumanekeni kwempilo kufuna ukugunyaziswa okuqhubekayo ukuguqula imimiselo edala imiqobo. Amaqela obuchule abaguli, unxulumano loogqirha, nemibutho yoluntu yonke idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufuneni utshintsho kumgangatho wengingqi, wesizwe, nowesizwe.

Imigudu Yomthetho Nenkqubo

Amaqela obuchule asebenza ukusungula nokuxhasa umthetho okwandisa ulwandiso lobuchule bekliniki, imigca ekhupha i-inplains, kwaye iphelisa iimfuno ezingeyomfuneko zesatifiketi ezifunekayo. Zikwafuna inkxaso engakumbi yenkxaso-mali kumaziko ezempilo oluntu kunye neenkqubo zezonyango zeselula. Amabali empumelelo aquka ulwandiso lwakutshanje lwemithetho ye-teleheath parality kumaphondo angaphezu kwama-20 kunye nokudlula kwe-Interstate Medical Licenfiate Convention Community, ngoku okuquka amaziko namangingqi. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukuzingisiswa kwemibutho yezo zoluntu zinokuphinda zifumaneke ngokufanelekileyo.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

Kumgangatho woluntu, ukulungelelanisa imigudu yokunceda abemi basekuhlaleni baqonde indlela imithetho echaphazela ngayo iindlela zabo zokunyamekela impilo. Iintlanganiso zeholo yedolo, izibongozo, kunye namaphulo eendaba zinganyanzela amagosa asekuhlaleni ukuba aphinde aphinde ajonge ikhowudi yokulungisa, imigangatho yokuhlaziya, okanye afake isicelo sabasebenzi bezixhobo zokulungisa izakhiwo zorhulumente ukuvavanya iimodeli ezintsha. Umzekelo, ukunyanzelisa iinkqubo zoncedo loluntu lwasekuhlaleni . //a apho ii-EMT zinikela ukunyanyekelwa kwamakhaya ngamakhaya, zicela iinguqu zokumisela umgaqo-modeli yemithetho kunye nemithetho yokuhlawula. Ezi nguqu zaqhutywa ngokudityaniswa ngokudityaniswa kweminxelo-e-endleko kwiminxela yempilo yasemaphandleni kunye nabameli abanomonde.

Isiphelo: Kumsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo

Imimiselo yasekuhlaleni ikude neenkcukacha zolawulo ezingathathi-nxaxheba; inamandla okunqanda ukuba ngubani okwaziyo ukufikelela kwimpilo, apho, kwaye ngayiphi na indleko. Ukusuka kwimigangatho ye-inshorensi kunye nemigangatho yeziko kwimiyalelo ye-inshorensi kunye neenkqubo zempilo yoluntu, imithetho emiselwe ngamaphondo noomasipala ibumba indalo yempilo ngendlela enzulu. Ngoxa imimiselo emininzi isebenza ngokhuseleko olubalulekileyo kunye neenjongo zomgangatho, ingenza nemiqobo engacetywanga eyingozi ngokungenakulinganiswa neyonakalisela abantu abachanabeka.

Abanikezi kunye nezigulana ngokufanayo kufuneka bahlale benolwazi ngemeko-bume elungelelanisiweyo abahamba ngayo. Ukuqonda iinkalo zokudityaniswa kwemiqathango, umlinganiselo wemithetho ye-asmessal, imigangatho yenethwekhi yokusebenza, kunye nemithetho emiselweyo kunika abantu amandla okwenza izigqibo ezingcono nokuxhasa iinguqu ezifunekayo. Okwangoku, imigudu eqhubekayo yamaqela elungelelanisiweyo, imibutho yobugcisa, kunye nemibutho esekelwe kwintlalo ephantsi kolawulo enciphisa imithwalo engafunekiyo ngexesha lokhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Injongo yesiseko somgaqo okhuthaza ukutshintsha izinto, ixhasa ukufikelela okufanelekileyo, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ukukhathalelwa okuphezulu akulo ilungelo elibekelwe abo baphila kwikhowudi yokulunga.

Njengokuba unyango luqhubeka luguquka ngokutshintsha-tshintsha kwezobugcisa, ukutshintsha kwamanani, kunye nenkqubo, kwaye iinguqu ngezantsi kwenkqubo ziya kuhlala ziluncedo ekulungiseni ukufikelela. Ucelomngeni lwabenzi benkqubo, oogqirha, nezigulana kukusebenza kunye ukuseka imithetho enceda umdla kawonke-wonke ngaphandle kokuba yimiqobo yokunyamekela. Ngokulungisa nokulungisa izinto, kunokwenzeka ukwakha inkqubo yonyango apho imimiselo yasekuhlaleni ikhulisa amandla omntu ngamnye okufumana inkathalo ayifunayo kunokuba ithintele wonke umntu.