Ukuqonda Izinto Ezifumaneka Kwixesha Eliqhelekileyo

Kule nkathi yamanani yanamhlanje, ukukwazi ukuvavanya imithombo yolwazi kubalulekile kubemi abasebenzayo. Ngobuninzi bolwazi olukhoyo kwi-intanethi, ukwahlula phakathi kwemithombo ethembekileyo nengathembekanga kunokuba lucelomngeni. Olu khokelo lunika iinjongo zokubonelela iindlela ezisebenzisekayo zokuvavanya ukuthembeka kolwazi, ukunika abafundi amandla okwenza izigqibo zolwazi nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enenjongo. Ukwanda kwezentlalo-ntle, ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho-manani, ukuzondla, kunye nolwakhiwo oludalwe ziingcali kunye nabasulungekiyo luthetha ukuba umgca phakathi kolwazi oluthembekileyo nolulahlekisayo usoloko ufinyele. Abemi abakhutheleyo abanobuchule obuchazwe apha baya kuxhotyiswa kakuhle ukuhambela phambili kwezi ndawo.

Imithombo yolwazi ingacaciswa ngokweendidi ezininzi, nganye ineentlobo zayo ezinamandla kunye nobuthathaka. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo linyathelo lokuqala lokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwazo. Imithombo esisiseko iquka izinto zoqobo okanye ubungqina obufana namaxwebhu, imifanekiso, kunye nodliwano-ndlebe. Imithombo yesibini ziintsokothile okanye ingcaciso zemithombo ephambili, kuquka amanqaku neencwadi. Imithombo e-Tertiary inika imfihlelo okanye iingqushu okanye iingqushu zolwazi, njengeencyclopedia kunye neesiseko sogcino-lwazi. Ukuqonda apho umthombo uwelela khona kule migangatho yesibini kunceda uqonde indlela esondele ngayo kwisiganeko sokuqala okanye ugcino-data. Umzekelo, umthombo oyintloko ofana nobalo lwamanani okhoyo karhulumente unokuba luncedo kakhulu kwimibaliso olufana nolulo lwe-Wkipkia, olunika ushwankathelo oluluncedo kodwa olune-data ecocekileyo.

Ngapha koko kubekwa kolu ludwe, imithombo yangoku iquka iifomati ze-drojidithi ezifana nee-blog, iividiyo, kunye nee-ofisi ze-media. Nganye ifuna imilinganiselo yayo yokuhlola. Impompo eququzelelwa yingcali eyaziwayo inokuba yeyamkeleka njengenqaku lolwazi, ngoxa ingxelo yezentlalo-ntle engaziwayo ethwele iindaba ifuna uhlolo olunzima. Isitshixo kukubuza: ngubani owadala oku, kutheni, kwaye bubuphi ubungqina obuyixhasayo?

Ukubaluleka Kokuxilongwa Kolawulo - melo

Ukuba ngummi okhutheleyo kuxhomekeke ekufumaneni ulwazi oluchanileyo. Xa abemi bengakwazi ukwahlula inyaniso kwiinkqubo zentsomi, zedemokhrasi ezifana nokuvota, ingxoxo kawonke-wonke, kunye nokwenza inkqubo enzima. I-Misformation ingagqwetha uluvo lukawonke-wonke, ibangele ukuthembana kwemibutho, ide ibangele umonakalo. Imbali izaliswe yimizekelo apho inkcazelo yobuxoki okanye esetyenziswayo ekhokelela kwizigqibo ezingalunganga zemfazweni (hlwise iingcamango zempilo zale mihla. Ngokuphuhlisa ubuchule obunamandla bokuhlola, abantu abazikhuseli bona kuphela kodwa kwanabantu babo kwiziphumo ezitshabalalisa i-transportexport. Oku akungomsebenzi wobuqu; ngumsebenzi woluntu.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuvavanya imithombo yembali kukhuthaza iingcamango ezigxekayo, eziyimfuneko ekuboneni ucalucalulo nokuqonda iimbono ezininzi. Kwimeko-bume yamajelo eendaba ehlukeneyo, amabali amaninzi aphumayo ukuxhasa ingxelo ethile. Abemi abakhutheleyo kufuneka bafunde ukuqaphela ukujikeleza, ukwahlula phakathi kweendaba noluvo, baze bafune iingongoma ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuwela kumgibe wokungaqondani. Injongo asiko ukufumana i"nyaniso" kodwa ukwakha ukuqonda okucacileyo okusekelwe kobona bungqina bukhoyo.

Uphando lokufunda ngamanani

Usetyenziso lwale mihla lolwazi lunemithetho-manani enzima. Amaqonga oluntu, ii-enjini zophengululo, kunye neendaba abaququzeli basebenzisa iingcebiso ezinokuyila amagumbi eentloko kunye namaqampu ahluza amaza amakhulu. Ezi mithetho-algorithm zimisela iziganeko ezicwangcisayo ngokuchanekileyo, ngokufuthi zinyusa intsingiselo eshukumayo okanye yokulahlekisa. Njengommi osebenzayo, kufuneka uqonde indlela ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngayo kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okulwa phantsi kwempembelelo yazo. Umzekelo, ukufuna ngabomquluko olusuka kwimbono eyahlukeneyo yezobupolitika okanye yenkcubeko, ukulandela intlangano efuna inyani, nokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhangela ezikuvumela ukuba uhluze ngomhla okanye ngobume bomjikelo lungakunceda ukuqhawula umjikelo.

Ufundo lwamanani lubandakanya ukuqaphela iimpawu zobugcisa bokuthembeka. Jonga ii-website ezikhuselekileyo (HTTPS), ezicacileyo “Malunga ne-"Amaphepha, imithombo yenkxaso-mali ekhanyayo, kunye neencwadi zombhali. Lumka amanxuwa adweliswe ngemicu e-sloppy, izibhengezo ezigqithisileyo, okanye unqakrazo oluphezulu. FactCC. org[ Iwebropes iqela linikela ukhokelo oluhle ekususeni iintsokothe ezifaka intsholongwane, kuquka i-ethetho-'emva zohlalutyo, iividiyo, kunye neengcaphulo.

Imida Yemithombo Etshabalalisayo

Xa uhlolisisa imithombo, cinga ngale ndlela ilandelayo, enokukunceda ubone ukuba inkcazelo inokuthenjwa yaye isebenza njani.

  • [[FLT: 0]] I- Ngubani umbhali? Ziziphi iimfaneleko zabo nobuchule? Zipapashe kwiendawo ezihloniphekileyo ngaphambili? Jonga umbhali kwiprojekthi yabo engoografi. Engaziwayo okanye imithombo yenkohliso ifuna ulumkiso olungakumbi.
  • Umhla wonikezelo: lwapapashwa nini ulwazi? Ingaba luye lwasetyenziswa kwaye luyimfuneko? Kwimimandla ehamba ngokukhawuleza njengamayeza, ezobupolitika, okanye ubugcisa, imithombo emidala isenokuphelelwa lixesha. Kwimixholo yembali, imithombo engundoqo yalo maxesha ixabisekile, kodwa iinkcazelo zesibini zisenokufuna ukuhlaziywa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Upapashi: Luyintoni udumo lomvakalisi? Ingaba zaziwa ngocoselelo nangokuthembeka? Imibutho yezindaba emiselweyo njenge Reuters, iAssociated Press, ne BBC inemigangatho yomhleli kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa indalo. Indawo ezincinci okanye indawo eziphuma kuyo zisenokuthembeka ukuba zityhila iinkonzo zazo nemali yazo.
  • [[NTL: 0] Inkxaso neNkxaso: Ingaba umthombo unika ubungqina bokuxhasa oko kuthethwayo? Ingaba ezi zikhombisi zithembekile? Jonga ucatshulo kugcino-lwazi olusisiseko, uphando loontanga, okanye udliwano-ndlebe olujongiweyo. Iingxelo ezingenabungqina, ingakumbi ezo zixhomekeke kwimithombo engachazwanga okanye kulwimi olungacacanga, kufuneka ziphakamise iiflegi ezibomvu.
  • [[NTLA:0] Izibhino kunye nogcino-lwazi: Ingaba ulwazi lunikelwe ngolu hlobo? Ingaba kukho iimpawu zocalulo, njengolwimi olungokweemvakalelo, ukushiya okukhethiweyo, okanye ukuthembela kwimbono enye? Zonke imithombo inembono ethile, kodwa ezizizo ezithembekileyo ziyayivuma kwaye zinike ubungqina obuphikisanayo kakuhle.
  • Purpose kunye no-Audie: Ingaba imvelaphi ithenjiwe ukuba yazise, yeyise, ihlalise, okanye ithengise? Izibhengezo, iintwana zoluvo, kunye nezinto ezixhaswe zifanele zichazwe ngokucacileyo. Ukuqonda injongo kukunceda utolike ulwazi ngokufanelekileyo.

Indlela Yokucima Iindaba Ngokungqalileyo

Amanqaku eendaba aphakathi kwezona mithombo zidla ngokufunyanwa, kodwa ahluke kakhulu kumgangatho. Sebenzisa ezi ziphumo zongezelelweyo xa ufunda ibali leendaba:

  • [[FLT: 0] Jonga umxholo: Imigca yentloko isoloko ibhalelwe ukutsala unqakrazo. Funda inqaku elipheleleyo phambi kokwabelana. Intloko-ndaba elahlekisayo luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkohliso.
  • [[UMTL: 0] Ichaza icandelo: Inqaku kwicandelo leendaba, uluvo, okanye uhlalutyo? Izijungqe zengcinga kufuneka zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye zingeyo ngxelo eyinyaniso.
  • [[FLT: 0] Jonga imithombo emininzi: Ubunjani bobujongi bucaphula imithombo emininzi ezimeleyo kwaye bunika umongo. Amanqaku axhomekeke kumthombo omnye ongachazwanga akathembeki.
  • [[FLT: 0] Lungisa umhla: Amabali amadala abuya kunxibelelwano loluntu, edala iimbono eziphosakeleyo ngeziganeko zangoku. Khangela umhla wempapasho kwaye nokuba ngaba ibali lihlaziyiwe kusini na.
  • Sebenzisa iitshati zochaphazeleko logcino-lwazi: Iintlangano ezinjenge AllSides kunye ne Ad Fontes Media yesantya seendaba ezichaza ikhethe nokuthembeka. Nangona zingagqibekanga, ezi tshati zinokukunceda uqonde ukuma kwemvelaphi kwaye ulungelelane ngokufanelekileyo.

Iindlela Zokukhupha Izilwanyana

Nazi ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo zokukunceda uhlolisise imithombo yolwazi ngokulula:

  • Kaksha iiCrediens zoMbhali: Uphando lwemvelaphi yombhali nobuchule bakhe kumbandela. Uphengululo olukhawulezileyo kuGoogle okanye i-Amplient In lungatyhila imbali yabo yomsebenzi kunye nayiphi na impikiswano enokwenzeka yomdla.
  • [[FLT: 0] Jonga kwimpinda Yovavanyo Yovavanyo: Amanqaku ajongwe ngokujongana noontanga adla ngokuthenjwa kakhulu ngenxa yohlolo olubalukileyo phambi kokupapashwa. Sebenzisa izalathisi ezinjenge Pubmed, JSTOR, okanye uNolwazi weGoogle ukufumana imvelaphi yemfundo. Noko ke, phawula ukuba uhlolo lontanga alunampazamo zinyaniseke, luchaza iimpazamo ezinkulu kodwa aluqinisekisi ulungiso olupheleleyo.
  • [[NTL:0] Intsingiselo yoluvo: Ukuqinisekisa izibakala ngokukhangela imithombo emininzi. Ukungaguquki kwemithombo ngapha nangapha kunyusa uqinisekiso. Ukuba ibango libonakala kwinxuwa elinye elifihlakeleyo, kusenokuba bubuxoki. Sebenzisa inyani- yokukhangela i- agggrator njenge [[FL:2] iPolitiFct okanye isiseko sogcino-Mnatho Wehlabathi Logcino- lweNTyetho (IFCN).
  • Ihlolisisa Injongo: Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba le nkcazelo iqalwe. Amaqela, amashishini, namaphulo ezobupolitika asoloko evelisa ulwaneliseko oludibanisa inyaniso kunye nokhuthazo. Ngexa imithombo enjalo inokuba luncedo, kufuneka uqonde iinjongo zabo kwaye ujonge oko bakuthethayo ngokuchasene nomthombo ozimeleyo.
  • Sebenzisa ii-website ezikhankanyiweyo: Ii-website ezifana FactCkeck. org, Snopens, kunye IiNKCIT i Khangela [[]] iluncedo ekuqinisekiseni iziphumo kunye nenkohliso. Ezi ntlangano zilandela iindlela ezicinezelayo, ngokufuthi zidibanisa kwimithombo yokuqala.

Ubugcisa boqinisekiso obuqhubela phambili

Uphando olunzulu, zama ezi ndlela zobugcisa:

  • Uphendlo lomfanekiso lwesiphelo: Sebenzisa imifanekiso ye-Google okanye i-Tineye ukufumana umthombo wokuqala wefoto. Imifanekiso exutyiweyo kunye nemifanekiso engaphandle- ngokubhaliweyo iqhelekile kumabali obuxoki.
  • [[FLT: 0] Secp ubhaliso lwendawo: Ii-Website ezibonakala njengezingenayo ezifanelekileyo ngeendaba zisenokuba ziqulathe imimandla ebhalisiweyo kutshanje. Sebenzisa i Who Soo Sook ukufuna ukubona xa inxuwa lakhiwe kwaye ngubani ozakhe.
  • Ikhowudi yemvelaphi yokuhlola: kumaphepha e web, jonga i HTML kwimida yemida, ilogos zompapashi, okanye ithuthelwe kwimirhumo etyhila umbhali okanye umbutho emva kokuqulathiweyo.
  • [[FLT: 0]] Intsholongwane iknaye: Iingcaphulo ezininzi zenkohliso ezivela kubantu abadumileyo ezijikeleza kwi Internet. Qinisekisa ukusebenzisa isiseko sogcino-lwazi sokucaphula okanye ngokukhangela ibinzana elichanekileyo ngegama lomntu.

Ukuqonda Inkcazelo Ephosakeleyo Nenkcazelo Ephosakeleyo

I-XPF I-XPF I-XIF i-Xnest inokuba luncedo, ingakumbi kumajelo eendaba. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwabo kubalulekile kubemi abakhutheleyo. I-Misformation lulwazi olububuxoki okanye olulahlekisayo olwabelwe ngaphandle kwenjongo embi, ngokufuthi ngenxa yokuba idlelane ikholelwa ukuba iyinyaniso. I-Dimpluption ibandakanya inkcazelo ephosakeleyo ngabom edalelwe ukukhohlisa abanye, njengenkohliso, iinkohliso, okanye iindaba eziyilweyo. Zombini zingenza umonakalo, kodwa zifuna imilinganiselo esebenzayo ephikisanayo ngenxa yokuba yenziwe ukuba ingabonwa.

Isibonisi sokungavumelani nolwazi siquka: ulwimi oluchukumiswileyo olufuna ukuvusa umsindo okanye uloyiko; umnxeba "uvumelana" ukuba udlula uqinisekiso; ukwenziwa kwendawe ezifana neziko elisemthethweni leendaba (umz., usebenzisa i-URL okanye i-logo); kunye nolwakhiwo oluphikisanayo nezibakala eziziinkcukacha ezisuka kwimithombo enegunya. Soloko unqumama phambi kokuba uchaze into ebangela ukusabela okunamandla. Oko kunqumama kusoloko kukuthintela ukusasazeka kobuxoki.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kwinkcazelo Ephosakeleyo

Qwalasela iingxelo zonyulo ezingama-2020 ezisasazeke kakhulu kwi-media yezentlalo. Ubuxoki obungeematshini zokuvota banyuswa ngama-bot kunye nee-akhawunti zabaxhasi abachaphazeli. Imeko ilandelela imvelaphi kwimvelaphi enye eyalahlwa izihlandlo ezininzi. Le meko ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuzibiza ngokubuyiselwa kwimithombo yokuqala kwaye ingaxhomekeki kwimifanekiso eshukumayo okanye kwiingxelo zesibini. Omnye umzekelo: ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19, ukulahlekisa ulwazi olungezonyango kunye nezitofuthezo ezikhokelela kwisiphithiso soluntu kunye nengozi yempilo. Intlangano enjengeWorld Health Organization neCDC igcine izikhundla zolwazi oluchanileyo, kodwa izinto ezingeyo zasasaze ngokukhawuleza kunezo zilungiswe.

Abemi abakhutheleyo bangafunda kula matyala ngokuthatha isimo sokuqinisekisa. Kwanaxa inkcazelo ivela kumntu obonakala ethembekile okanye iqela, yenza i-checks zakho. Sebenzisa ezi ndlela zingentla ukuqinisekisa iinkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba wenze okuthile ngazo.

Ukuzilolonga Okusebenzisekayo Kubafundi

Ukuncedisa abafundi kwimithambo eluncedo kunokuphucula ubuchule babo bokuvavanya imithombo yenkcazelo. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ezifanele ziqwalaselwe, ezilungele ukufunda kwiklasi kunye nokuzifundisa ngokwakho:

  • [[FLT: 0] Imvelaphi yovavanyo Umsebenzi: Abafundi bakhetha inqaku baze balivavanye ngokusebenzisa iinketho ezixutyushwayo. Kufuneka babhale ingxelo emfutshane echaza umbhali, umvakalisi, ubungqina, ikhethe, kunye nokuthembeka okupheleleyo. Ukwandisa oku, bacele ukuba bathelekise amanqaku amabini akwisihloko esinye kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.
  • -Ingxaki eCalcificayo: Inika abafundi uthelekelelo lwechokolethi (umz. "Ukwenza itshokolethi ibangele i-acne" okanye "indoda yezobupolitika edumileyo ithethe into ephikisayo") kwaye ibacele ukuba iqinisekise inkcazelo ngemithombo ethembekileyo. Kufuneka babhale phantsi inkqubo yabo, kuquka ukuba yeyiphi na indawo yokukhangela inyani ejongene nayo nokuba oko bakuthethayo bekuyinyaniso, okanye kuxokisa.
  • Incoko yeqela:[ Hlela iingxubusho zeqela kwiziganeko zangoku, ukhuthaza abafundi ukwabelana nokuvavanya imithombo eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba umfundi ngamnye uzise inqaku elinye alithembayo kwaye elinye alibuzayo. Xoxani ngesizathu sokuba imithombo ethile ikhangeleka ithembekile nangoko iiflegi ezibomvu zikhona kwezithandabuzekayo.
  • Yenza imvelaphi yohlalutyo lweSitishi: Ukuvelisa isizinzi esinemigca yegama lemvelaphi nemiqulu yemilinganiselo efana negunya, ucoselelo, imali, ulwamkelo, kunye nenjongo.
  • Ingcamango ye "Bhakethi yamangqina okuzibonela" Kwindima yeklasi, abafundi bafanele basebenze njengamangqina okuzibonela kwisiganeko esithile (umz., ingxolo yequbuliso okanye umntu ongena egumbini). Thelekisa iingxelo zabo ukubona indlela inkumbulo kunye noluvo oludala ukungavumelani, ngoko thetha ngendlela iintatheli ezimele ziphathe ngayo imithombo emininzi.

Izixhobo Neenkqubo Zobugcisa Zokufunda Ngokuqhubekayo

Uvavanyo lwemvelaphi bubuchule obuphucula ngokuqhelisa. Iizixhobo ezininzi zengingqi zekhompyutha zinganceda: I-Applicate inika ulwandiso olubonisa iiwebsite zomlinganiselo weendaba; uvavanyo lwe-CRAAP (Ingxelo, iRelevance, iGunya, i-Accel, injongo) yenye indlela engenakulibaleki; indlela yeSIFT (Umqali, Umba-mali, ngenisa imvelaphi, Fumana unikezelo olungcono, i-Trace ithetha ngomxholo wokuqala) yenye indlela eyaziwayo. Sebenzisa ezi zicwangciso rhoqo.

Ukongezelela, amathala eencwadi kunye namaziko emfundo anika izikhokelo. Umzekelo, ikhokelwa nguMqondiso wophando weYunivesithi ye- inikela uncedo oluneenkcukacha ekuqwalaseleni imithombo engundoqo neyesibini. IStanford History Education Group’s Civice Online Reasoning compress inikeza izinto eziluncedo zokuphuhlisa obu buchule. Abahlali abakhutheleyo kufuneka bathathe uhlolo olubalulekileyo njengoqheliso lwexesha lonke, hayi isifundo sexesha elinye.

Ukuqhubana Neziqinisekiso Zezibhedlele

Olunye ucelomngeni olukhulu ekuqwalaselweni kwemvelaphi lukuqinisekisa ukuxhasa ucalucalulo-calulo-magama. utyekelo lokuxhasa ulwazi olungqina iinkolelo zakho ezikhoyo ngelinye ixesha ungabuhoyi ubungqina obuphikisanayo. Ukuphikisa oku, funa imithombo evavanya imbono yakho. Funda ii-op-eads ngeembono ezahlukeneyo zobupolitika. Sebenzisa indlela yokuphengulula i-injini ekwindlela yokuphepha iziphumo zobuqu. Ukuxoxa ngemibandela edidaniswayo nabantu abangavumelani nawe, ukuqwalasela ukuqonda ubungqina babo kunokuphumelela impikiswano. Ukwahlula imbono nguphawu lomntu oqolileyo nomntu oqolileyo noluphawu olubalulekileyo lommi okhutheleyo.

Isiphelo

Ukukhupha imithombo yolwazi bubuchule obubalulekileyo kubemi abakhutheleyo namhlanje abakwimekobume entle yolwazi. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela, imigaqo, kunye nokuziqhelanisa okuchazwe kule sikhokelo, abantu banokuba ngabathengi abanokuqonda ngakumbi ulwazi, bafak' isandla ekwenzeni izigqibo kunye nokubophelela koluntu ngolwazi. Umlo wokulwa nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo uqala ngamnye wethu ethathe imbopheleleko yoko sikufunda, sibelane, kwaye sikholelwe. Khumbula ukukhangela ababhali, iimini, abavakalisi, kunye nobungqina. Sebenzisa inyani yokuzigcina. Fundisa abanye. Kwihlabathi apho ulwazi lunwela ngokukhawuleza kunanini nanini na ngaphambili, ukunqumama, ukuqinisekisa, nokucinga ukuba yindlela nje eluncedo lobuqu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngummi okhutheleyo nomntu osebenzayo umgangatho wenyaniso nokhuseleko lwentetho kawonke.