IRajiya Sabra, indlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya, inendawo ecacileyo ekwandiseni ukuhlaziywa komthetho. Indima yayo ekulungiseni inkqubo yesizwe ekwakheni iprojekthi kunye nemali yophando inxulumene nokuhambela phambili kwemisebenzi yayo ecacileyo, uphando, kunye nolawulo loqingqo-mali, iRajiya Sabha inceda ukuchaza inkqubela phambili yezenzululwazi kunye nobuchule bobugcisa bobugcisa. Kwixesha xa ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lonke lunxulumene nophuhliso nophuhliso (R&D) ubuchule, ukuqonda impembelelo yale ndlu yepalamente, abacebisi, abaphandi, nabasebenzi bezoshishino-mali ngokufanayo.

Indima yomGaqo-siseko kaRaje Sabha ekusebenziseni uqingqo-mali kwinzululwazi nobuxhakaxhaka

IRajiya Sabba isebenzisa igunya layo ngokuyintloko ngokuvavanya imicimbi yemali, kuquka ukwabiwa kwemali kwinzululwazi kunye nobugcisa (S&T) kunye neequmrhu zophando oluzimeleyo. Phantsi kweGatya 109 loMgaqo-siseko, iMali Bills ivela kwiLok Sabba, kodwa iRajiya Sabbahha igcina amandla okuncomela ukupheliswa nokuliselwa kwemijelo ye-asc kwientsuku ezilishumi elinesine. Eli gunya linika isixhaso esinelisa uqingqo-mali kwimiqathango yophando olufana neBhunga le-Scientian & uphando lwe-ISCIS (CIRT), iSebe le-Bioteology (DT), kunye noHm ye-Operation (ISC) ye-Operanyology (IS).

Ngaphandle kolawulo olungqalileyo loqingqo-mali, iRaje Sabha ihlola iimfuno zeeGrants of S&T amasebe ngeKomiti yayo eSimeyo kwinzululwazi nezobuxhakaxhaka, iMeko neMahlathi. Amalungu eKomiti .(___asuka kwimigca enqamlezileyo yeqela) nenkcitho eceliweyo, oonobhala besebe, kwaye avelisa iingxelo ezisoloko zibumba ii-approprings zokugqibela. Umzekelo, ngowama-20222 iingqwalasela zekomiti zakhokelela ekukhuliseni inkxaso yeSizwe esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu soMbutho weSizwe ne-Deedie Oce Mis, zombini ezigxeka iinjongo zokuphucula i-Indiya.

IRaje Sabra ikwaphikisana noHlahlo lwezeMsebenzi yoNyaka-5 kunye neziCwangciso zeminyaka ePhakamileyo (ngoku ezithatyathelwe indawo zinkqubo ze-NITI Aayog zexesha eliphakathi), apho izinto eziphambili zophando zicaciswe khona. Ezi ngxoxo zinika iqonga lolwazi lwezihloko-magcisa phakathi kwamalungu ukugxininisa iisithuba kwimali, ukwenziwa kwemigudu, kunye nokuvela kwemimandla efana ne-quantam computing okanye hydrogen eluhlaza efuna utyalo olunikezelweyo.

Impembelelo Kwimali Yophando Eza kuqala: Iingxoxo Neengxelo Zekomiti

Impembelelo yokwenene yeRaje Sabra kwinkxaso-mali yophando iyabonakala kakhulu ngomsebenzi weekomiti ezimileyo nezikhethiweyo. La maqumrhu ahlola iinkqubo zenkqubo, avavanya ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezikhoyo, kwaye ancomela ukufuduswa koovimba bokwenene. Iingxelo ezilandelayo zifakwe kwiNdlu kwaye zisoloko zikhokelele kwiziqinisekiso zolungiselelo okanye izikhokelo zenkxaso-mali ezihlaziyiweyo.

IKomiti eSigxina yeSayensi noBuxhakaxhaka, Imekobume Namahlathi

Le komiti mhlawumbi yeyona ilandelayo ibalulekileyo i-S&T iqumrhu eliphethe kwiRajeya Sabha. Ihlola izicelo zoqingqo-mali zoBulungiseleli benzululwazi kunye nobugcisa, uBulungiseleli benzululwazi yomhlaba, kunye noBulungiseleli bemekobume, ihlathi kunye noTshunqulelo. Kwingxelo zayo, ikomiti isoloko ibiza isithi iR& ephezulu;D iindleko njengepesenti ye-GDP ngoku, eshukuma ngaphaya ko 0.7%, ngezantsi kakhulu komlinganiselo wehlabathi lonke we-1.8%.$ kwaye iye yakhuthaza umgaqo wendlela wokwenza uphando-lwazi ngethuba. Ingxelo yayo 2023, umzekelo, ukulibaziseka okukhawulezileyo ekuzalisekisweni koHlando lwesizwe (NFR) kwaye ikhuthaza urhulumente ukuba ulungelenelo olunolwabiwo-mali olufanelekileyo.

Uqikelelo lweKomiti neKomiti yee-akhawunti zikaRhulumente

Nangona ezi komiti zingobugcisa phantsi kweLok Sabha, iRajiya Sabra incedisa amalungu azo omabini, inyusa impembelelo yayo ekuphenduleni ityala. Uqikelelo lweKomiti luhlola ukuphumelela kokusebenzisa kwi-S&T, ngeli xesha iKomiti yeMali kaRhulumente ihlola iingxelo zophicotho-zincwadi lwemibutho yophando. Iingcebiso zayo . "Izinziso zokunikezela ngokulula kwiziko elizimeleyo okanye ukuphucula uqhagamshelwano lwemizi - accutime-aages" [1] ichaphazela ngokungqalileyo indlela ingeniso edityaniselwa ngayo ingeniso ekhoyo yangaphambili nelungela.

IiKomiti eziPhawulweyo zePalamente (iiDRSC)

I-DRSC ezisibhozo ezisebenza phantsi kweRajiya Sabba, ikomiti nganye ehlola ubulungiseleli obukhethekileyo. IKomiti yeMali, umzekelo, ifake iliso kwizikhuthazo zerhafu zeR&D ichitha icandelo labucala. Ngo-2021, ingxelo yayo kwiKhowudi yeTheki-mabala eKhomplathi encodo incomela ukunyuswa kobunzima bendlu-R&D ukusuka kwi- 150% ukuya ku 200%, intshukumo eyakuyo, eyakunyusa ngokuphawulekayo ukuveliswa kotyalo lwenkampani ephambili. Ngokufanayo, iKomiti yezoshishino ivavanye izithuba zemali zokuqalisa ubugcisa obunzulu kwaye icebisa ukusungula imali yetyala lonikezelo kuncedo olusuka kwiBhangezoshishino oluncinci lwe-Instcastries Development of India (SCI).

Inyathelo lokuqala Elingundoqo Eliqhutywa nguRaje Sabha Delibrations

Amanyathelo amaninzi okusungula amazwe aye akhawulezwa okanye aphuculwa emva kwengxoxo enkulu kwiRaje Sabha. Amalungu adla ngokuphakamisa imibuzo kunye nezenzo zokuzimela ezizisa ingqalelo yoluntu kwimimandla yophando etyeshelweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba urhulumente avakalise amaqhinga amatsha okanye andise lawo asekho.

Umkhosi wesizwe wesibonelelo sokusebenzisana kwenkcitho yeCyber-Physical System (NM-ICPS)

I-NM-ICPS yandululwa ngo-2018 i-1918 i-creads engaphandle ye-63,660 ekwiminyaka emihlanu, ijolise ekuyileni uthungelwano lobugcisa obutsha kwiindawo ezifana nobuntlola obungeyonyani, ubumatshini bekhompyutha, kunye ne-Internet yezinto. IKomiti yeRajiya Sabha Yabha ejongene nenzululwazi yobugcisa yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni ulawulo lwezikomfashoni. Ngexesha lokuhlola uhlaziyo lweSebe lenzululwazi noqoqo lwezobugcisa, amalungu edityaniswe ekuxhathisweni kwemali edityani kwezixhobo ezidityanisweyo kunye nesakhiwo esiqinileyo, ezathi kamva zaba sesona sisembindini kumsebenzi wezo. Namhlanje, i-NM-ICPS iseke izikhundla ezingama-25 ukuqengqesholo, ukukhuthaza ukuqalisa kwemali emalunga-300.

Isiseko sophando sesizwe (NRF)

I-NRF Bill, ehloselwe ukuseka umbutho wezemali ongundoqo wophando kwimfundo ephakamileyo, yahlolisiswa okokuqala yikomiti ekhethayo ngo-2019. Iingcebiso zekomiti .NYF, kuquka ingcebiso zebhodi yolawulo emelelwe yiyunivesithi yesizwe, ukugxininiswa okunamandla kophando lwenzululwazi yezentlalo, ukwahlulwa okucacileyo kwemisebenzi yokulawula nokuxhasa imali, yaye kwawuguqula ngokucacileyo umthetho wokugqibela. I-NRF, ngoku eyathiwe njenge-Anusandan National Research Foundation (ANRF) enoqingqo-mali yeminyaka engaphezu kwesihlanu, ityala umgangatho wayo ophezulu we-650 000, kunye nolwahlulo-bume bayo kwindlu ephezulu.

Inyathelo lokuqala leIndiya le-IMPRINT

I-Indiya Mission on Climate and Sustainable Development (IMPRINT) yenye inkqubo eyangenelwayo kucwangciso lwe-Rajeya Sabha. Ebudeni bengxoxo ka-2016 ngophando olusekelwe kwimozulu, amalungu aphawula ukunqongophala kweeprojekthi ezidityanisiweyo ezidibanisa ubunjineli, ezolimo, kunye nemekobume. Urhulumente wandisa isicwangciso sokuquka indlela eyahlulelweyo yezolimo lemozulu, kunye nemali evela kumsebenzi wemfundo yemfundo kunye noBulungiseleli bemekobume.

Umsebenzi wolwandlekazi olunzulu

Iqaliswe ngo-2021 ngolwabelo lokuqala lwe-764,077 crore, i-Dee Ocean Mission yinkqubo yophando oluhamba phambili lwaselwandle eIndiya. IKomiti yeSimo kwinzululwazi nezobugcisa yacinezelwa ukuvunywa kwasekuqaleni komsebenzi, iphikisa ngelithi i-Indiya kufuneka ingqinelane notyalo lwemali eChina ekuhloleni ulwandlekaziweyo. Ingxelo yekomiti yakhankanya imfuneko yokunikezelwa okunzulu kolwandle kunye nokulungelelaniswa okungcono phakathi komsebenzi wenzululwazi yomhlaba kunye noMkhosi wamanzi wase-India.

Ucelomngeni Ekufumaneni Imali Yokuhlaziya: Iindlela Zolawulo Neenkqubo Zoqingqo - mali

Nangona ingumthetho - siseko, iRaje Sabha ijongene nocelomngeni lwezopolitiko oluthintela impembelelo yayo ekuxhaseni imali yophando.

Iingxabano nexesha lokulinda

Inkqubo ye-bimedral yaseIndiya ithetha ukuba iLok Sabbah, eyindlu enyulwa ngqo, isoloko ithetha okokugqiba kumatyala emali. Nangona iRajiya Sabha inokuzilibazisa ukubuyiselwa, ayinakuvala imali ebhankini ngokusisigxina. Le dilesi ingenza unxunguphalo xa inkcazo yendlu ephezulu kwi-S& inkxaso-mali iyatyeshelwa okanye idityaniswe kuqingqo-mali lokugqibela. Ngokomzekelo, ngowama-2020 imfuno yeRaja Sabbaha yemali yolwando lolwando lwemali ngokusisi-20% kwiSebe le-Biotechnology yancil yancitshiswa uhlahlolo lwemali lwe-8% lwemali ngexesha lokugqibela ivoti ye-Lokhampty.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuphazamiseka okuthe rhoqo ngexesha leyure yombuzo kunye neentlanganiso zoqingqo-mali kunciphisa ixesha elikhoyo lengxubusho encinci kwimibandela yophando. IRaje Sabha inezihlalo ezingama-50 kuphela (kuquka amalungu ali-12 anezihlalo), kwaye indawo yayo yokuhlala ilinganiselwe; ukanti umthamo weshishini lemithetho usoloko unyanzela i-S&T iingxoxo eziya kwimida. Iintlanganiso zekomiti ngamanye amaxesha zicwangciselwe kwindawo enye njenge Home, zinyanzelela amalungu ukuba akhethe phakathi kokuthatha inxaxheba kwingxoxo kunye nohlalutyo oluneenkcukacha.

Izithintelo zohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kunye noMphantsi kwi-R&D

Inkcitho enkulu ye-Indiya kwi-R&D (GERD) ibekwe kwindawo ephezulu malunga no-0.7% ye-GDP ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi, ngeli xesha amazwe anjengeTshayina (2.4%) kunye noMzantsi Korea athe anyuka kakhulu. Uphando lwe-Rajiya Sabba luye lwabiza ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba kunikwe izalathiso eziphezulu, kodwa uhlahlo-mali lukarhulumente lubonisa ukuba i-S& ukuchithwa kwemali kukhutshwe kuphela yi-5%, i-intersting, kunye nesiseko (*) nokubekwa kwegumbi elincinane lolwando olungundoqo. [PRS] uphando oluthe kravitiweyo lusoloko lukho.[25]

Ukungabikho kolwahlulo lwamahlelo

Olunye ucelomngeni oluzingisileyo lulwabelo olusezantsi lwecandelo le-R&D kuphela olumalunga nama-40% e-GERD, xa luthelekiswa nama-70% ezoqoqosho oluhambe phambili. IKomiti yeRajiya Sabha ekwizoshishino ibalaselise ukungabikho kwesakhiwo esiqinileyo sobudlelane boluntu ngecala lophando. Ingxelo yayo yama-20222 yaphawula ukuba inkxaso yerhafu ye-R&D iye yancipha ukusuka kuma-200% ukuya kuma-50% eshumini elidlulileyo, icebisa ukuhla kwemali. Ikomiti yancomela ukubuyiselwa kwemali exabiso eliphezulu nokuyila umanyano olusazisa umanyano lwesizwe, kodwa la macebiso abonisa ukuba aqaliswe.

Imbono Yokuthelekisa: Indlela Ezinye Iindlu Ezisemantla Eziphenjelelwa Ngayo

Ukulinganisa bhetele impumelelo kaRajiya Sabba, kuluncedo ukuthelekisa indima yayo neyomzi ophezulu kweminye imibutho emikhulu yolawulo-melo. IBhunga leSizwe , umzekelo, inee-apprices ezinamandla ezilawula ngokuthe ngqo uqingqo-mali lwamaqumrhu afana neNational Science Foundation (MSF) kunye neNational Institutes of Health (NIH). I-SCetatem, i-Science, kunye neKomiti yezokuthutha ibamba iindlebe ezibumba ezibumba iMelika COMPETES Act, ezo umbhali wazo ezingamawaka ezigidi ekuxhaseni uphazo-mali. URajya Syaha, ngokuchana, uswele amandla okufumana imali kwaye axhomekeke kwinkozo zikawonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke.

IUK House of Lords, ngeScience kunye ne-Technology Khet Committee, ivelisa iingxelo ezinempembelelo `njenge-2023 yophando lwayo kwisiseko esikhulu senzululwazi'. Okusoloko kukhokelela kutshintsho lwenkqubo karhulumente. Noko ke, iNdlu yeNkosi isebenza ngegunya elilinganiselweyo lemali, elifana neRajiya Sabba. Zombini iigumbi zixhomekeke kumgangatho wobuchule bazo nobunzima bezopolitiko.

Indlu ephezulu yase-Indiya ithelekisa ngokulungileyo nobubanzi benkqubo yayo yeekomiti; ii-DRSC ezisibhozo zinikela ulawulo oluneenkcukacha ezingekhoyo kwezinye iinkqubo ze-bimeval. Noko ke, iRajiya Sabbaha yamalungu anyulwe yindlu yowiso-mthetho kunye nenani elilinganiselweyo elithenjiswe nguMongameli . Ngokuchaseneyo, iNtsimbiswano iqinisekisa ukuba amalungu ayazi kakuhle iyunivesithi yasekuhlaleni kunye nezixhobo zophando.

Amathuba Nezincomo Zokomeleza Indima YeRaje Sabha

Phezu kwayo nje le miqathango, amanyathelo aliqela anokuyiphucula impembelelo kaRaje Sabra ekuxhaseni inkxaso yemali yesizwe.

Ukuseka iS& enikezelweyo;T Iphepha lohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali

Okwangoku, iS& uxanduva lusasazekile kumsebenzi wenkonzo ophinda-phindiweyo (i-Science & ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhaka bobuxhaka bobuxhakaxhaka bomsebenzi, inzululwazi yomhlaba, iMeko-bume, iDefence, impilo, ubulimi). I Rajiya Sabhaha inganyanzela ukuqinisa ugcino-zinzo kunye noHlomelo loHlulo lwemali [[FLTL:] , olufanayo neGenest Comment=Genest shorts shorts okanye uHmplatem. Uxwebhu lungavumela amalungu afumana i-R&;DDDD kwaye lwahlula iziqwebo zemali. [[FLT:] I-ITY[FGOG[FF:3]][FFF:3]]

Yandisa Indima Yamalungu Anemichako

IRaje Sabra iquka amalungu ali-12 aneziqu ezinamachule kwinzululwazi, uncwadi, ubugcisa, kunye nenkonzo yentlalo. La malungu asoloko ekhokela iingcinga zekomiti kodwa angenazo ii-commentol comment. Impembelelo yawo ingaxhotyiswa ngokuyila “Inzululwazi kunye ne-Invation Caucus” ngaphakathi kwiNdlu, ukudibana nyanga nganye ukuxubusha iindawo zophando oluvelayo nokudibanisa nenkonzo yenkonzo phambi kokuba uqingqo-mali lubhalisiwe. I-caucus ingamema kwakhona izazinzulu kunye nabaxhasi abakhokelayo ukuba banikele ubungqina, uqheliselo oluqhelekileyo kwiNdlundlawulo lwe-U.

Bomeleza Amagqabantshintshi Angaphambili

Ngoku, igalelo likaRajiya Sabba kuqingqo-mali linendima enkulu efuna inkxaso-mali emva kokuba inikezelwe. Inkqubo yoqeqesho ecwangcisiweyo yangaphambili, apho uMphathiswa wezeMali adibana neKomiti eSimeyo kwinzululwazi kunye nobugcisa phambi kokulungiselela uqingqo-mali lwaminyaka le, iza kuvumela indlu ephezulu ukuba iphembelele izabelo kwinqanaba lokulungisa. Le modeli isetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika, apho i-ofisi yePalamente yoHlatho ihlala khona kunye neekomiti ezithene necandelo locango logcino-mthetho.

Uphando Oluphuculayo Ekuguquleni Amanani

IRajiya Sabra Sectariat ingaphuhlisa iyunithi yophando kwindlu ejolise kwi-S& inkqubo ye-T kunye nophuhliso lolwakhiwo. Le yunithi izakunika amalungu ugcino-lwazi kwi-R&D intsingiselo yokuchitha iintsontela ezizimeleyo, iinguqu zokuqalisa, kunye namaqela anxulumene noshishino-lwazi oluninzi olusekelwe kubungqina. Ukuxhomekeka kwangoku kwiimpendulo zesebe kunye nohlolo lwexesha elithile luphando oluyi- PRSGRALLAtivement Uphando olufuna ubunzulu obufunekayo.

Imisebenzi yokulungisa esetyenziswa nguMnqamlezo-icandelo

Ucalucalulo lwezobupolitika ludla ngokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwemali esetyenziswa ixesha elide, efuna izibophelelo zeminyaka emininzi ngaphezu kwesivumelwano sikarhulumente omnye. IRajiya Sabha ungayixhasa isivumelwano esinqumlayo kwi-R& encinane;D inkcitho ye-1% ye-GDP ngo-2030, efana nenkcitho yokhuselo oluthelekelelwayo kwisivumelwano sepalamente, inika abaphengululi kunye nabacebisi isiqinisekiso esiqinisekileyo.

Isiphelo: Indlela Engaphambili Yobomi Obutsha Obumanyeneyo BaseIndiya

Impembelelo kaRajeya Sabra kwinkxaso-mali yesizwe yophuhliso kunye nemali yophando ayifani. Ngeekomiti zayo neengxoxo, iye yabumba inyathelo eliphawula izinto ezifana ne-National Research Foundation, i-Deeeuan Oce Mission, kunye ne-NM-ICPS. Kodwa imiqathango yesakhiwo sayo esezantsi, ngokungakumbi uqoqosho lwemali yemali yemali, kufuneka lwabizwe. "iiinkulu kunento ekhoyo"ukungaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ukuba inokwenzeka. Njengokuba i-Indiya ifuna ukuba ibe yi-5 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali kunye nesiseko sehlabathi lonke sokuphuhlisa, indima yendlu ephezulu mayijike.

Ukuhambela phambili, ukudityaniswa kotshintsho lweprocedtural, ukudityaniswa kwingcali, kunye nokudityaniswa kweqela elidibeneyo kungaguqula iRajeya Sabba ukusuka kwisixhobo sokulungisa i-scrutine ibe yingcibi yezakhiwo ezichukumisleyo yelizwe lophando laseIndiya. Izibonda ziphezulu: izizwe eziya kukhokela inkulungwane yama-21 ngabo abathe bafaka imali ngobulumko ekudaleni. IRajya Sabra hasha zombini umyalelo wesiseko kunye nomatshini wequmrhu ukuze bancede iIndiya ithethe ukuba ikhokele loo inkokeli.