Indima Ekhethekileyo yoMgaqo-siseko weRaje Sabha Kubulungisa Bentlalo Nakumthetho Wamalungelo Abantu

IRajiya Sabba, njengendlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseIndiya ye-badamaral, iphethe umyalelo okhethekileyo womgaqo-siseko ochaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukumiswa nokuphuculwa kwemithetho enxulumene nokusesikweni kwentlalo kunye namalungelo abantu. Ngokungafaniyo neLok Sabha, emela abantu ngokuthe ngqo ngevoti ethandwayo, iRajiya Sabbaha imela amaphondo kunye nemimandla yamaqumrhu, inika ukulungelelanisa urhulumente. Oku kuxhomekeke kumthetho woluntu kuba kubangela ukuba kubekho umahluko kuba okusesikweni kwamkeleka kunye nemibandela yamalungelo abantu, izithethe ezahlukeneyo, kunye nobuchule borhulumente obuhlukeneyo bokuzalisekisa imigaqo eqhubekayo. I-Rajiya Sabba ayimelanga nje indima ye-procculval; isebenza njengendlela yokulungisa indalo apho imbali ebanzi, kunokuba ikhethele imicimbi imicimbi kakhulu, imicimbi kwiingcinezelo zemikhosi yemithetho-othobarabhu, i-ok

IRaje Sabra njengeGumbi Elivuselelayo: Iingqinipho nokulungelelana Komthetho Wentlalo

Uphando kunye noHlaziyo

IRajiya Sabba ubuchule bokuhlola, bokulungisa, okanye kwanawala amatyala adluliswe yiLok Sabha isisiseko sendima yayo kwicandelo lobulungisa kunye nokubekwa komthetho wamalungelo abantu. Xa kukhuselwa amalungelo abantu abangaphantsi okanye ukukhuselwa kwamaqela angenazikhuseli, indlu ephezulu isoloko isenza uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha ngakumbi kunendlu esezantsi, ngenxa yokuba amalungu ayo aphambili epalamente anolwazi olukhethekileyo lomthetho, umsebenzi woluntu, okanye inkqubo kawonke-wonke wonke. Iikomiti ezimiyo zamalungelo eRajiya Sabbaha, ingakumbi iKomiti yeSibonelo soPhuliso noLawulo loluntu kunye neSikhundla, isoloko ibiza ucingo oluqhelekileyo lwengcamkelo oluqhelekileyo, ukuthobela ulawulo, kunye nokulungisa iingxelo zazo. Ezi ngxelo zidla ukukhokelela ekubeni ziqinise umgaqo obalulekileyo womthetho wokhuseleko. KwiSibonelo samaLungelo esigunya soluntu, i-Xera aqinisekisa ngezongasayinwe, i-Xha enya ngemiqatha, isalatha esetyenziswa ngumthetho, isalathiso isalathiso isala uluntu, isala uninzi,

Umelo lomanyano nelizwi lamaZwe amancinci

Ukuqanjwa kweRajiya Sabba kuqinisekisa ukuba lonke ilizwe, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani babemi, linelizwi elilinganayo. Lo mbutho wesizwe ubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo kumthetho wentlalo-ntle ngenxa yokuba imibandela enjengamalungelo elizwe kwimimandla yesizwe, ukufikelela kwimfundo yemibutho encinane yeelwimi, kunye nokunyamekela impilo yabemi basemaphandleni kuyahluka ngokuphawulekayo. Ilungu elisuka kwilizwe elinobuninzi obuphezulu beZizwe, njengeJaharkank okanye i-Odisha, linokuzisa amava obuqu ngendlela imithetho-yo yehlathi okanye imigaqo echaphaza i-osigosagoriagorial. Ngokunjalo, ilungu elivela kwilizwe elinabantu abaninzi abahlala kulo liyakwazi ukubalasel'imalini, ukuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kweStedydydys kunye neSheldad , i-Sheaderdances. Le migaqo-ok-onke inceda ukufikelela kwemithetho yesizwe elungele ukufikelela kwimithetho yentlalo-yongala.

Inkqubo yeKomiti kunye noLwazi oluNgenisiweyo

Enye yezona minikelo zibalulekileyo zomthetho weNtlalo-ntle kunye nokubekwa kwamalungelo abantu yinkqubo yayo ephuhlisiweyo. Iikomiti zePalamente ezimileyo, njengeKomiti ePhalamene yeSebe eliqulunqe iPalamente ePhakamileyo kwiKomiti ePhathiswayo kwiSebe, iGribiances, iSivumelwano noLungisa, kunye neKomiti yeSebe leNtlalo yeSizwe neSizwe, ibandakanya uRajeya Sabhaha ekuvelweni ngokunenkcukacha ezidla ngokuqengqengqeleneyo ezithi zityhubela iinyanga eziliqela. Le komiti imema imibutho yoluntu, iingcali ezingokwasemthethweni, ii-ooooooomatilo-mthetho, ii-omibutho zoluntu, ii-omibutho ezichaphaza-o abakhoyo, kunye noluntluntwini lomthetho womthetho woburhulumente womthetho-Syhab.

Impembelelo Yomthetho Oyintloko Wezobulungisa Bentlalo: Ukucalucalulwa, Ukucalucalulwa Nokungathobeki

ISicwangciso soMthetho weCandelo neNtlanga ePhambili (Ukuphela Kweziphakamiso)

IRaje Sabba iphumeze indima ebalulekileyo ekuqiniseni nasekunyuseni ulwandiso olusemthethweni lwezenzo zobundlobongela ezisekelwe kudidi lwezizwe. Ekuqaleni ngo- 1989, lo Mthendeleko uye walungiswa amaxesha amaninzi, iRajiya Sabhah ityha inyanzelela ngokungqongqo izigwebo, iimvavanyo ezikhawulezayo, kunye nokukhusela okungcono. Ngexesha leengxoxo ezikwi-201818 zilungiswa, uRaja Sabba Sabha amalungu asuka kumazwe aphezulu akwiziko lobundlobo bobundlobongela obuphezulu bobundlobongela obukhethekileyo bemibasebenzi obufana nenkalam, ukunyaniswa kwempahla eqhelekileyo, ukukhanyelwa kokungena kwempahla, nokukhuselwa kweminye imfuno yemiqatha ekhuselwe imigaqo-mthetho yolawulo lukarhulumente ekhuselwe ulawulo nyaka ngamnye. Ngexesha elingaphezulu, i-Sya ibonise ukufezeka kolawulo lweziko lwezibonelelo lwe-Shab.

Ukukhuselwa kwamabhinqa kuMthetho woNyaka wasekhaya, 2005

Uhambo logonyamelo lwasekhaya olusuka kwiRajiya Sabha lubonisa indlela indlu ephezulu enokuthi iguqule ngayo ityala elilungileyo libe lelomeleleyo. Imali yokuqala, eyaziswa kwiLok Sabha, yagxekwa ngenkcazelo yayo emxinwa "yobuhlobo bedoma" kunye nobungakanani obulinganiselweyo bokukhululeka. KwiRajiya Sabba, ikomiti ekhethayo, ebekwe lilungu elinobuchule obunzulu kumthetho wentsapho, eliqhuba ingxubusho ebanzi nemicimbi yamalungelo amabhinqa, amakhaya akhuselekileyo, kunye neekliniki-maziko asemthethweni. Ikomiti yacebisa ukuba isenzo siquke kungekhona amabhinqa atshatileyo kuphela kodwa kwanabafazi abahlala kunye, oodade, nabalimi abahlala kwizindlu ezihlukeneyo. Yandisa nenkcazelo yemeko zokuxhatshana kwemali kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwempahla. Ngokuphinda i-Syhab, i-oklice yazisa ingqeqesho yemiqatha yezonyango, eyaye yaza inxenye yemithetho yonyango, eyaye yaza i-Aray.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo, 2016

Ukuguqulwa kweIndiya ukusuka kwiNtlalo Yesithintelo soMthetho wesiChwenxiso, 1995, ukuya kulwakhelo olusekelwe kumalungelo oMthetho ka-2016 kwagxininiswa ngokuphawulekayo kukunyanzeliswa kweRajeya Sabha ekuhambisaneni neNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yamaLungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo (UNCRPD), eyagunyazisa iIndiya ngo- 2007. Ngexesha lokudluliswa kwesivumelwano semithetho, uRajeya Sabha wagxininisa imfuneko yokusuka kwimodeli yempilo yesiphene ukuya kwimodeli yentlalo nakumgangatho wamalungelo abantu. Bakhuthaza ukuqwalaselwa kweentlobo ezingama-21 zokhubazeko (ukusuka kwisixhenxe phantsi komthetho omdala), ukufakwa kwamalungiselelo ofanelekileyo engqekelelwa kwimfundo nakwemfundo, kunye nokumiswa kwebhodi ephakathi emele i-avelk-ok ekwimodeli elungele ukumiswa kwemibutho yabantu abakhubazekileyo. Kwakhona ink yoo yoongezo zemfundo ephezulu kwimisebenzi yezemfundo yezentelelo yezemfundo yezemali epheleleyo yehlabathi neyo.

Imithetho Yamalungelo Abantu: Ukuxhasa Inkululeko Esisiseko Nokuthintela Ukuxhatshazwa

Ukuthintelwa koMthetho wokuthuthunjiswa, 2021

Ukubekwa kwe-Indiya iNgqungquthela yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo echasene noTshamo ngo-1997 ayizange iguqulele kumthetho wasekhaya. Kwathatha amashumi eminyaka engcinezelo ye-odavocacy kunye nepalamente. Okuninzi kwayo kwaqala kwiRajeya Sabhaha , ukudlulisela iNjongo yoMthetho wokuthintela iTremor, 2021. Lo mthetho, owenzelwe ukungcuthekisa abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni, wawungachatshazelwa kakhulu kwindlu ephezulu. URajiya Sabbaha wachaza inkxaza ngenkcaso yendlela,” nomthwalo wokuzinziswa kwentlawulo, nokungaphicotho olusebenzayo kumaxhoba. Nangona lo mthetho uthe naloo nto umele ukusetyenziswa kwetyala.

Ilungelo lokuzibophelela njengelungelo elimiselwe ngokomthetho: UMthetho we-Aadhaar nokhuseleko logcino-lwazi

Ngoxa umgwebo weNkundla ePhakamileyo ka-2017 kwiJaji K.S.S. iThompaswamy (Rett.) i-Union yaseIndiya yawugqala ubuqu bomntu obubodwa njengelungelo elisisiseko, iRajiya Sabhaha iye yasetyenziswa ekuguquleni lo mgaqo womthetho kwimithetho esemthethweni yokukhusela. IAadhaar, 2016, eyaseka inkqubo ye-biometric egubulisa abantu abangaphezu kwewaka lezigidi, yadluliselwa njengemali kwiLok Sabhaha kodwa yabuye yabuye yaphindwa yiKomiti eKhetha eAhaadhaar (Ikhutshwe iSibonelelo seMali neMidlana ePhakathi yeNtla yezeMali, iNto yeNto yeNto yeNto yeNto yeSizwe, iNkcutshe yafumana ingcukaliso yezobuso ngokomthetho-mthetho-mthetho, kunye nengcubango yeNtleekho yoMkhosi wakwayonganye ipapa (iiiiii, i-Afu) inikela ing ekwayo iNxorho

Ukhuseleko Lwemimandla Encinane Nenkululeko Yonqulo

IRajiya Sabba iye yaxhasa ukuqhubekeka kwemithetho ekhusela amagunya eenkonzo amancinane kunye namalungelo awo enkcubeko. IKhomishini yeNational Commission for Minorities Act, 1992, kunye nokulungisa kwayo okulandelayo kwaxatyiswa kakhulu kwiRajiya Sabba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhomishini yayinamagunya okubuza izikhalazo, ukulungiselela amaxwebhu, kwaye incomela ukuthathwa kwamagunya karhulumente okulwa nocalucalucalulo. Ngexesha lokungena kwawo kwiWaqf Act, 1995, kunye nokupheliswa kwayo ngo-2013, iRajiya Sabba yagxininisa ukuqukwa kwemiwa okukhulu kwemiqathalo yemikhono yeraf kunye nokumiswa kwamabhinqa kwimibutho eninzi ekwakungamele ukukhokelwa ngayo. Nangona le mithetho isenokusoloko ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhla kwemeko-mali yamaSulumane, exhomekeke kwimibutho eekwe, kunye nokuqheliselwa kwayo imithetho enyaza ngokunyanzelelwa kwemithetho enyanzelelwe umthetho wonqulo, engoyinya ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho enya, enyanzelwe ngokungekho mvu

Iingxaki Ezijamelene NeRaje Sabha KwiJajira kwiMithetho Yamalungelo Abantu NakuMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu

Ukungavisisani Kwezobupolitika NabezoNkolo

Phezu kwayo nje inkqubo yayo engokomgaqo-siseko njengegumbi lokulungisa, iRajiya Sabha kwiminyaka yakutshanje iye yaba yindawo yenkxwaleko enkulu yezopolitiko. Oorhulumente abanoninzi olunezothe kwiLok Sabhaha basenokuzama ukudlulisa amanyathelo kwiRajiya Sabhaha ukuba inkcaso iyalawula indlu ephezulu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yetyala lobulungisa elichaphazela icandelo labantu elinzima, ukuxabana nokuphathwa kwabantu ngokwezigaba, ukuxabana kwamalungelo entlalo, ukukhuselwa kwemibalwa kwezizwe, kunye namalungelo esizwe. Umzekelo, uMgaqo-siseko (123rd Amend Remend Remend Remend, Bill, 2017, ozama ukunikezela ngemeko engundoqo yeSikomgalelo seSizwe se-Freastba, ijongene nolibaziseko oluqhubekayo kwimithetho esetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo yoluntu ekubonelelwa kwemithetho engakumbi. Imithetho enjalo enjalo isenokulithiselwa ekungeneni kwemithetho ephambili.

Ukungahambelani phakathi koMthetho ozinzileyo noHlelo

Umthetho oziphindaphindayo wokugxekwa kweRajeya Sabha ungenelelo lomthetho ngolokuba nangona indlu ingakhusela amalungiselelo afanelekileyo okusebenza, oku kuzalisekiswa kwezona zinto kudla ngokungabi luncedo. UMthetho, uKhuselo lwaMandla Abantu Abakhubazekileyo unika amagosa okhuseleko kwisithili ngasinye, kodwa amazwe amaninzi awazaliswanga ezi ndawo. URajiya Sabha uyakwazi ukuphembelela iingxoxo ezithethwini, imibuzo, iingxelo, kodwa akanakunyanzelisa oorhulumente ukuba benze into ethile. Ngokunjalo, umgama phakathi komthetho nokuqhelisela uxanduva. Ngaphandle kokuzinzisa kwemithetho ye-orhulumente unika ingqwalaselo lwe-oorhulumente kwisithilini nganye, kodwa amanani amaninzi awazaliswangazaliswanga zizinto ezikhoyo.

Imfuneko Yotshintsho ERaje Sabha Procedores

Inkqubo yekomiti kaRajiya Sabba, nangona inamandla, inokuba nezizathu eziphucukileyo nezicace ngakumbi. Okwangoku, amatyala amaninzi abhekiswa kwiikomiti emva kokuba zidluliselwe yiLok Sabhaha, elinganisela ixesha elikhoyo lokuhlola ngokucokisekileyo. Indlela engakumbi yokufikelela ngezantsi.Apho iRajiya Sabba iqalisa iingcebiso zayo zomthetho kwicandelo lokulawula intlalo-ntle, qha, inamandla okuqinisa indima yayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukunqongophala kweziphumo ezisesikweni zemithetho ye-Procedure, kwenza kube nzima ukuvavanya enoba umthetho uya kufikelela kusini na kwiinjongo zawo ezichaziweyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweSiko sobuGawula-mthetho, ukufuziselwa kwemicimo yemibango yezobufana nezobufana nezobufana nohlalo, kungenziwa ngemibutho eliqhelekileyo kodwa i-Syhab ayisetyenziswangancelwanga kwinkxaso-mali elungiselelwe ngoncedo lophathoniso lwezentlalo, okanye uphando lophando lophando oluthe lwamangenezo lwe-ol.

Amathuba Omzi WaseRajiya Sabha Okuqinisa Amalungelo Awo Oluntu

Ukusebenzisa Iincwadi Zamalungu Azimeleyo Ukuchaza Iimingxuma

IRaje Sabra inika amalungu ngamanye iqonga ukuze azise amatyala eendleko zobulungisa obusemthethweni obungamathidala urhulumente asenokungafuni ukuwathetha. Kwimbali, imithetho emininzi yentlalo-ntle yaqalisa njengamatyala oluntu angawabo, njengamalungiselelo okubuyisela imvume efanayo kumadoda namabhinqa. Kwiintlanganiso zakutshanje, uRajya Sabraha amalungu afumene amatyala emali emali egunya eligoqwesileyo, ukurhoxiswa kwamalungelo abantwana, nokungavunyelwa kwamalungu azimeleyo ukuba abe ngumthetho ngaphandle kwenkxaso karhulumente, adala intetho yasesidlangalathi-mvumeni kunye nengcinezelo yesigqeqesho. URapya Sabra uyakwazi ukwenza inkqubo apho amalungu obuqu afumana inkxaso eninzi endlwini athengwa ngokuzenzekela ukuqwa kwekomiti, abhekiselwa ngokuzinziswa ekukhetheni ingqwala ikomiti elungele ukuqwala.

Ukuqinisa amaqhina namaZiko aMalungelo oluntu

I-Raje Sabba inako ukusebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwePalamente kunye namalungelo abantu azimeleyo anjengeKhomishini yamaNational Rights Human Rights (NHRC), iKhomishini yeSizwe yaMadoda (NNCW), kunye neKhomishini yeSizwe yeShedyd Castees. Okwangoku, ezi komiti zinikezela iingxelo zonyaka kwiPalamente, kodwa ezi zinto zisoloko zibekwa ngaphandle kwengxoxo ephambili yamalungelo abantu. IRajiya Sabha ingamisela ikomiti enikezelweyo ukuze ihlole ukuphunyezwa kwezi nkokeli zezo zigunyaziso nokuvavanywa kwamalungelo abantu. Ikomiti enjalo iya kunyusa ukulawulwa kwemithetho yepalamente yaye iqinisekisa ukuba umlawuli ubekelwelo lwezomthetho lwesizwe nakumgangatho wesizwe. Isenokusebenzelana kwiinkqubo zehlabathi lonke, njengenkqubo ye-Indilavelwond Coant Review, ilungeleneenza imigaqo yomthetho woluntu.

Ubuxhakaxhaka Obunempembelelo Ebuntwini

IRajiya Sabra iyakwazi ukulungiselela ukudibana kwayo nebutho lasekuhlaleni ngokusebenzisa izicwangciso zamanani ukwenzela uphando lwangaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwemithetho. Ngoxa uBulungise bezomthetho noMasipala sele bemema uluntu ngokubanzi amagqabaza angeendleko zedrafti kwi-webhsayithi yayo, iRajiya Sabra Sabra ingenza izibuko elinikezelweyo apho abemi kunye nemibutho inganikela ubungqina ngqo kwikomiti enxulumene nemeko-luvo. Oku kuya kuba luncedo ngokukhethekileyo kwimithetho echaphazela amaqela aphantsi kwemidabi. Ngokuquka ukuvalela iikomiti (ithetha ngee-agraccordss okanye amalungelo ekhubazeka). URajiya Sabbahahaha ukhe wazama iinkqubo zokuthobela iikhomputhatho kwikhompyutha ezikhethiweyo; lo mkhwa-nkqubo othe ngceleleko i-mvume nokucotha kwemithetho-mthetho., ukongezelela ukuva kwekomiti (ooklomelo lokuqwala i-ombolo) nokuthembeka.

Isiphelo: Ukuzingisa Okuqhubekayo KweRaje Sabha Kwinkqubo Yedemokrasi Etshintshayo

IRajiya Sabba ihlala isisilungiselelo esiyimfuneko sokuhambela phambili kobulungisa bentlalo kunye nemithetho yamalungelo abantu eIndiya. UmGaqo-siseko wayo, ngokuyilwa kwe-arhente yephondo, iqumrhu lobugcisa, kunye ne-asseum yenkcubeko yenkcubeko. Inika uxanduva olubalulekileyo lokulwa nobukhulu kulawulo lweLok Sabba negunya. Ngomsebenzi onyanzelekileyo, iingxoxo ezinkulu, kunye noweenjongo yokulungisa iindleko, nokuhlala kumthetho wetyala, iRapya Sabha uye wafakta kwimithetho ebalaseleyo ekwizenzo zocawadia, ugonyamelo lwasekhaya, isiphene, kunye nokhuseleko lwamatyala. Noko ke, ukuphumelela kwayo kuyacelwa ngokukhula ngokungenwa kwamalungelo ezobupolitika, kunye nokungaphindwa kwemiqatha kwemithetho ephantsi yesizwe, ukusetyenziswa kwenkululeko yentlalo-mthetho-ntle yoluntu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho yegunya eliphantsi yegunya eliphezulu, njengoko kuselulawulo oluthe ukusetyenziswa kwemeko oluphezulu lwesizwe, ukusetyenziswa kwemeko oluphezulu.

[[UMTL] Izalathiso ze-External[[UMTL]