Indaleko Yamalungelo Omtshato ELGBTQ+ Iintsapho

Uhambo oluya kulingana nomtshato we-LGBTQ+ izibini luyibali lokuguqulwa okusemthethweni, kwezentlalo, kunye nenkcubeko. Kumashumi amabini eminyaka adluleyo, ngaphezu kwamazwe angamashumi amathathu agunyazise umtshato ongokwasemthethweni, enika iintsapho ezikhokelwa izibini ezifanayo ukhuseleko olusemthethweni kunye nolwazi lwezentlalo ukuba izibini ezithe zahlukeneyo ziye zanandipha ixesha elide. EUnited States, iSibondanda esiphakamileyo seNkunyaka ka 2015 kwinguNkundlalelwano ye-R uwelele-v v. unyuso lweziqulu lwandisa amalungelo omtshato kumashumi amathandathu eenye eeyunithi, unyuso olubanzi kumazwe akwimeko lwelizwe lweLTBQ. [2]

Ngapha koko kusemthethweni, umtshato unentsingiselo enzulu yoluntu. Kubonisa abantwana ukuba intsapho yabo iyagqalwa, iyaxatyiswa, kwaye iyakhuselwa. Kubazali, umtshato osemthethweni unika isiseko esixhasa ukuma kozinzo lwentsapho, ukusuka kumalungelo okutyelela izibhedlele ukungabi nalwazi ngabazali. Olu manyano lubalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantwana bayaphumelela xa abanyamekela abantwana babo benoncedo olusemthethweni nolwentlalo olufunekayo lokwakha imekobume ekhuselekileyo. I-American Psychological Association iphawule ukuba abantwana babazali abafanayo baqhuba kakuhle njengabo babazali abangoothile, kwaye ukuvuma okusemthethweni kobuhlobo babo kukhulisa ezi ziphumo ([[[FLT:]]]]][FLD]]]

Ukukhusela Okusemthethweni Nempembelelo Yako Emanyanoni Lentsapho

Umtshato osemthethweni unika intsalela yenkuselo echaphazela ngokungqalileyo impilo yabantwana. Ezi zinto ziquka ukufumaneka kwe-inshorensi yempilo ekhuselwe ngumqeshi, i-inshorensi yezokhuseleko loluntu, amalungelo okufumana ilifa, namandla okumisela iqabane okanye umntwana izigqibo zezonyango ngaphandle kwemiqobo esemthethweni. Kubazali abangatshatanga, olu khuselo ludla ngokungekho okanye lufune ukuba kwenziwe amalungiselelo asemthethweni abiza imali efana nokufumana umntwana wabazali bokutholwa, okungekhoyo kuyo yonke imimandla. Ukungabikho kwamalungelo omtshato kunokukhokelela kwi-cascad vulliabries: ukuba umzali ufe engenaso isintanda, iqabane eliphilayo eliphilayo lisenokuphulukana nokugcinwa komntwana okanye ukukhuselwa kwekhaya.

I-inshorensi yempilo nokukwazi ukunyanyekelwa

Abantwana abaneLGBTQ abatshatileyo+ abazali basengozini kakhulu yokuba netyala le-inshorensi yempilo eqhubekayo. Ngokwenkcazelo evela kuMkhankaso wamalungelo abantu , izibini ezingokwasexesheni ezikwimeko ezingalinganiyo nomtshato zijongene namanani aphezulu kakhulu angenakulinganiswa phambi kwesigqibo sobugxwayiba be-Obergefefel. Ukuzinziswa kwe-inshorensi yempilo kunciphisa uxinezeleko kubazali kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana bafumana unyango kunye nokunyanyekelwa kwamazinyo, iinkonzo zokukhusela, kunye nonyango kwiimeko ezinganyangenwayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiLGBTQ, abasenokude bajongeneewezo ezingokwa ngokweendleko zempilo ngenxa yesigqibo socalucalucalucalulo okanye ingcelo.

Ukugqalwa Ngoxabiso Kwabazali Nokugcinwa Kwelungelo Lomtshato

Abazali abatshatileyo abangoondilele bafumana ngokuzenzekelayo ukuvunywa ngokomthetho kwamalungelo abo omzali kuwo onke amazwe, besusa imfuneko yokufumana abantwana abangengobazali okanye imiyalelo yenkundla. Oku kuqonda okuzenzekelayo kuthetha ukuba bobabini abazali bayakwazi ukutyikitya imvume yesikolo, ukugunyazisa unyango, kwaye badweliswe kwisiqinisekiso sokuzalwa komntwana. Ngaphandle komtshato, abazali abangomalungu ejiyoni bangagqalwa njengabangabaziyo ngokwezentengiyo ngokwezente lezemali, bebangela ixhala kunye nokuphazamisana ukuba ulwalamano lwabo luyaphela. [[FLT:] uphatho lwamashumi amabini eencwadi [[FLT:]] lufumanise ukuba abantwana abaneziphumo ezingokwasemthethweni ezimbini ezigqalwayo zinokuthi zigqalwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibonwa ukuba zivelelwe ngabazali abatyelelwa ngumsebenzi wexesha likaxakeka kuphela ([FF:]]]]]]

Ukuhlala Usempilweni Engokweemvakalelo Nasengqondweni Kwabantwana

Enye yeengxelo ezizinzileyo kuncwadi kukuba abantwana abakhuliswe ngabazali abangokwabelana ngesondo kubazali abavunyiweyo banikela ingxelo yemigangatho yeemvakalelo ezintle ezilingana nele-(/ kunye) kwaye kwezinye iinkalo zidlula ngaphezulu(ooontanga abanabazali abangokwabelanayo.) Imeta-analysis epapashwe kwi [ Journal of Marriage and Family[ ihlolisisa uninzi lwezifundo zezenzeke kwaye igqibelele ukuba iinkqubo zentsapho (ububele obungaguquguqukiyo, ukungaguquguquki, kunye nenkxaso) zingaphezulu kakhulu kweziphumo zomntwana kunendlela elungeleneyo okanye imbonakalo yesondo ([FLT:] BBLALZ & lamp; Stay, 2020 [FLT]) ezingomthetho-omthetho-onke).

Ukuncipha Komthambo Nokubuyela Eburhulumenteni

Ukulingana komtshato kudlulisela isigidimi esicacileyo kubantwana: intsapho yakho iyasebenza kwaye ixabiseke njengazo naziphi na ezinye. Xa abantwana bebona ulwalamano lwabazali babo luvunywa ngokusemthethweni, balubeka ngaphakathi imvakalelo yokungatshati nokuzingca. Oku kuthintela ukujongwa kwehlazo langaphandle kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengqondo. Ufundo olude lwabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo babazali abafanayo abanomzali omnye osisifebe lufumanise ukuba abo abazali babo batshatileyo baxelwe umlinganiselo ophantsi wodandatheko nonxunguphalo kunabo abazali babo babengatshatanga, kwanabo benobugxwayo, kwanasemva kokulawula imeko yezentlalo-ntlalo ([[FLT: 0]]] Russell &mamp; Intlanzi, 2019 ). Ukugqalwa okusemthethweni kwezenzo zomtshato njengonokhuseleko, ukukhusela abantwana kwiziphumo eziyingozi zocalucalucalu.

Ukumanyana Kwentsapho Nokunxibelelana

Izibini ezitshatileyo, kungakhathaliseki indlela ezijoliswe kuyo ngokwesini, zidla ngokuchaza ulwaneliseko lolwalamano oluphezulu kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi wokuqhawuka komtshato kunabantwana abangatshatanga. Le mibandela yozinzo kubantwana. Uqhawulo-mtshato nolwahlulo zizinto ezidimanisayo nawuphi na umntwana, kodwa kubantwana baseLGBTQ+ nentsapho, amaqhina aphezulu ngenxa yokuba amalungiselelo okugcina umntwana asenokukhuphiswa ukuba amalungelo abazali akamiselwanga ngokucacileyo. Umtshato osemthethweni ukhuthaza ukuzibophelela ixesha elide kwaye unika isiseko esicwangcisiweyo sokuzala, esikhuthaza imigaqo engaguquki kunye nokhuseleko lweemvakalelo.

Iziphumo zezentlalo nezoluntu

Uzinzo oluveliswa ngamalungelo omtshato luphumela kwinzuzo engenakuthelekiswa nanto kwimfundo nakwinkqubela yentlalo. Abantwana abaneLGBTQ etshatileyo bazenza ngokufanayo koontanga babo kwiimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo, banamanani alinganayo okuphumelela kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, kwaye basenokuba bakwalingana ngokulinganayo ukuya ekholejini. Noko ke, uphando lufumanise ukuba abantwana abakumazwe alinganayo abanomgangatho ophantsi wokungcungcuthekiswa nokuxhatshazwa koontanga, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba imekobume ibonakalisa ukwamkelwa kwamaqela ebutho kwaye inciphisa isimo sengqondo sokunekwaluphala phakathi kolutsha.

Ukuhlala Kwisikolo Nolwalamano Loontanga

Xa abazali betshatile ngokusemthethweni, izikolo ziqheleke kakhulu ukuba baqaphele abazali bobabini kwiifomu zokubhalisa kwaye zibaquke kwiinkomfa zabazali nomfundisi- ntsapho. Oku kubonakalisa imo engafaniyo kuyenza ibe yinto eqhelekileyo intsapho yomntwana kwaye kunciphisa amathuba okuba i-microba evela kubafundisi- ntsapho okanye kubantwana abafunda nabo. Ingxelo yama-2021 evela kwi-GLSEN (iGy, iLesbian & Lamp; i-Straight Education Network) ibonise ukuba iLBTQ+ abazali abatshatileyo baxele amathuba ambalwa abasebenzi basezikolweni abangafuni ukuvuma ulwalamano lwabo, kwaye abantwana babo bebengenamathuba okushiya isikolo ngenxa yokuziva bengakhuselekanga. Kwakhona inkqubela yezentlalo: abantwana abavakalelwa kukuba abantwana babo bahlonelwe ukuba babe ngabahlobo abaphilileyo kwaye bakulungele ukumema oontanga babo ngaphandle koloyiko.

Isalathisi soMqathango noPhuhliso loLwimi

Uzinzo lwentsapho, kuquka ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho olulungiselelwe ngumtshato, luxhasa ukukhula kolwazi. Izibini ezitshatileyo zisoloko zinengeniso edityanisiweyo kunye nozinzo oluphezulu lwemali kunezibini ezihlalisanayo ezitshatileyo, ezivumela utyalo lokuziko lomgangatho wabantwana abatshatekileyo, imisebenzi entle, kunye nezinto zokufundisa. Uhlolisiso olungobuntwana oluthi ukukhula kwemali lusoloko ludibanisa ukukhuselwa kwegama elithile, umsebenzi ophezulu, kunye nokulungelelwa kwesikolo. Ngoxa izibini ezitshatileyo ezitshatileyo ziye zajamelana nemivuzo kunye nocalucalulo oluphezulu, amalungelo omtshato aye anceda ukuphelisa umsantsalo wezoqoqosho. Ugcino-A Williams Institute eUCLA School of the Techmentsology ibonisa ukuba izibini ezitshatileyo ezitshatileyo ngoku zineethe , zinxusemfak'ants , zitheneziphumo ezithe ncam zomntwana ([FM.]).[1]

Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa: Imimandla enamaqondo omtshato

Isebe lehlabathi lonke lemithetho yomtshato linikela uvavanyo lwendalo lwendlela ulwamkeleko olusemthethweni oluchaphazela ngayo abantwana. Kwimimandla apho ukulingana komtshato kumiselwe, njengeKhanada, amazwe ase-Nordic, kunye nenani elikhulayo lamatyala e-U.S. phambi komthetho wonyaka ka-2015, abaphengululi baye bafumana inkqubela ephawulekayo kwiziphumo ezifanelekileyo zabantwana. Ngokuchaseneyo, kumazwe apho ulwalamano olufana nolo kuziphatha luhlala lukho ngolwaphulo-mthetho okanye lungabonwanga, abantwana abanabazali bajamelene nonxunguphalo olunzulu.

Ukuhlola Imeko Entle

  • Canada: Ukususela ekubhaliseni umtshato ongokwasemthethweni ngo-2005, abantwana baseKhanada eLGBTQ+ iintsapho zibonise amanye awona mlinganiselo usezantsi wodandatheko nexhala phakathi kwabo bonke abantwana kwi-OECD. Ukuqinisekisa ngokukhululekileyo imozulu esemthethweni nentlalo kunconywa ngokunciphisa uxinezeleko oluncinane kwiintsapho.
  • Norray neSweden:[ La mazwe kudala enika uvumo olusemthethweni kumanyano olufanayo lobudlelane kunye nomtshato kamva. Uhlolisiso lwango 2017 oluvela kwiYunivesithi yase Oslo lufumanise ukuba abantwana abanomzali omnye onesini esifana neso kumazwe abanomahluko kwimfundo okanye uhlengahlengiso lwengqondo xa kuthelekiswa nabantwana nabazali abahlukeneyo.
  • United States (post-Obergefell): Isigqibo sonyaka wama 2015 sakhokelela kunciphiso lwe-40% kuxinezeleko lwengqondo oluxeliweyo phakathi kwabantwana abanobuzali obulinganayo, ngokutsho kohlalutyo lweNational Survey of Children’s Health.

Imiphumo Emibi Kwimeko - bume Ebekel ’ Imiqathango

Kwimimandla yehlabathi apho ukulingana komtshato kungagqalwa njenge-"indawo ezininzi eAfrika, iMpuma Ephakathi, kunye neMpuma Yurophu(abantwana be-LGBTQ+) basengozini enkulu. Banokufumana ukwahlukana okusemthethweni nomzali omnye ukuba isibini siyahamba okanye ukuba umzali osemthethweni uyafa. Ukungakhathalelwa kungakhokelela ekungxwabalaleni, ukungabinamakhaya, kunye nempilo entle. Ingxelo ye-2020 ye-International Lesbian, Gay, Bigline, Trans kunye ne Interssex Association (ILGA) ibhale izinto apho abantwana basuswayo emakhaya abo ngenxa nje yendlela yokuziphatha komzali ngokwesini, ukwaphulwa kweZizwe ezimanyeneyo ([FLD:] .[FLAP] [ILD][F1] [ngeHLY]

Iingxaki Nemiqobo

Nakubeni kukho iingenelo ezicacileyo zamalungelo omtshato, iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zisaqhubeka. Kwanakwimithetho elawula umlinganiselo womtshato, iLGBTQ+ abazali basajamelene nocalulo kwimpilo, imfundo, kunye neenkonzo zentlalo. Ucalulo lobuzali lungabonakaliswa ngeendlela ezichuliweyo: ugqirha asenokuthetha ngomzali omnye kuphela, okanye utitshala asenokucinga ukuba umntwana akanabantwana ababini. Oku kungqubana nootata kuyawa phantsi iintsapho ngexesha elithile. Ngaphezu koko, ukudlula kwabazali abangengomalungu omtshato kungadibana nemiqobo esemthethweni ngenxa yokuba imithetho yomtshato isoloko ixhomekeke kwiindidi eziphelelwe lixesha kwisiqinisekiso sokuzalwa kwabantwana kunye namaxwebhu okuzichaza.

Iingxaki Zezoqoqosho

Ngoxa umtshato unika iingenelo zezoqoqosho, iLGBTQ+ abantu basajamelana nezithuba zemali kunye nocalucalulo ngemisebenzi. Kumaphondo angama-29 ase-U.S., kuhlala kusemthethweni ukudubula umntu ngenxa yokuba ngumafanasini okanye umphandle. Oku kusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto izibini ezikhulisa abantwana, ezininzi kuzo sele zithengelwe ngokwemali ngeendleko zonyango lokuzala okanye ukufumana inzala. Amalungelo omtshato kuphela awakwazi ukuphelisa ezi zakhiwo zilungelelaniso; kufuneka zidityaniswe nemigaqo-mthetho yokuzikhusela eqinileyo engokwahlukani kwemizalwa kwentsapho.

Izithinteli-mbombo ezinqamlezileyo

Abantwana abanemibala yeLGBTQ+ abazali bajongene nocalucalulo oludityanisiweyo. Izibini ezimnyama nezine-Latinx ezifanayo ziqheleke kakhulu ukuba zikhulise abantwana kunezibini ezimhlophe ezingoonobufanayo, ukanti zikwajongene nomgangatho ophezulu wobuhlwempu kunye nokungalungelelani kwezindlu. Umtshato osemthethweni unceda kodwa awulucombulule ngokupheleleyo ucalucalulo oluchaphazela ezi ntsaphoni. Amaqela obumnyama kunye nowe-Latinx afana neBhunga lobuEligilejini [[FLT:] IBhunga lobuhlanga olulinganayo ligxininisa imfuneko yokudibana kwemibutho ukuze kuxhase zonke iintsapho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zesizwe, okanye imeko yokufuduka.

Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nomgaqo wexesha elizayo

Ukunyusa impumelelo yabantwana kwiintsapho zeLGBTQ+, abachaphazeli bemigaqo-nkqubo nabameli kufuneka balandele ezi nkqubo zilandelayo:

  1. Ukuqwalaselwa komtshato okungangqinelaniyo: Qhubeka unyanzela ukulingana komtshato kuwo onke amaphondo nemimandla yase-U.S., kwaye intsebenziswano yehlabathi lonke isebenzela ukuhlazisa nogunyaziso olusemthethweni kumazwe angqongqo.
  2. Imithetho yokwalathisa yabazali: iqinisekisa ukuba abantwana babazali abangokwabelana ngesondo bathelekelelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba babenabazali bobabini njengabagcini abasemthethweni, nokuba abazali bebengatshatanga ngexesha lokuzalwa. Oku kungafunyanwa ngezenzo zobuzali okanye ngotshintsho lokuzalwa kwesiqinisekiso.
  3. Izixhobo zokukhusela ucalucalulo: Imithetho ebanzi engadibaniyo egquma izindlu, umsebenzi, inkcubeko yempilo, kunye nendawo yoluntu yoluntu ye-LGBTQ+ abantu. UMthetho we-Eality kwi-U.S. uzakuvala iintambo ezininzi ezikhoyo.
  4. [[NKQUBO:0] Iinkqubo zentsapho ezidityanisiweyo: [ulwandiso lwentsapho oluhlawulwayo, ukunyanzeliswa kwabantwana, kunye neenkqubo zokuxhasa ingeniso ukwenzela ukuba zonke iintsapho qha ezo zikhokelwa yi LGBTQ+ abazali bemibala", ziphumelele.
  5. [[NTLA] Uqeqesho lokukhuphisana: Lusebenzise uqeqesho lwabafundisi-mfundo, abanikezeli bempilo, nabasebenzi boluntu ngendlela yokuxhasa iLGBTQ+ iintsapho ngovelwano kwaye ngokusuka nje.

Isiphelo

Amalungelo omtshato angaphezulu kakhulu kunezomsitho okanye ezomfuziselo. Azizo isiseko sozinzo lwentsapho, sinika ukhuseleko olungokwasemthethweni, lwezoqoqosho, kunye nolweemvakalelo olunceda abantwana. Iminyaka engamashumi yophando loontanga oluqwalaselweyo luqinisekisa ukuba abantwana eLGBTQ abanabazali abatshatileyo banazo iziphumo ezifanayo okanye ezingcono kuneemeko zoontanga babo kwezinye iintsapho. Njengoko umlinganiselo womtshato okhoyo emhlabeni wonke kulungele ukulingana nowemali uyaqhubeka, ubungqina bucacile: xa sixhasa iLGBTQ+ iintsapho ngomtshato osemthethweni, sifaka imali kwimpilo, ulonwabo, kunye nekamva labantwana babo. Ukuvavanisa amalungelo alinganayo kumtshato akuyo nje umgangatho wokusesikweni kubantu abadala.