Isiseko Semibandela Yogcino - lwazi: Indlela Amalungelo Amanani Ayilo Ngayo Imithetho

Kwimeko-bume yamanani yale mihla, ugcino-lwazi luye lwaba yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo, imizekelo yezoshishino, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, kunye nokunxibelelana kwabantu. Ukuphuhliswa kwemithetho yogcino-lwazi kunye nemigaqo yezobugcisa kuphenjelelwa kakhulu ngamandla owiso-mthetho ehlabathini lonke. Oorhulumente benza indima ebalulekileyo ekulolongeni iinkqubo zokukhusela ulwazi lobuqu lwabemi kunye nemisebenzi yamanani. Ngaphandle kolawulo oluqinileyo, iingozi zokuxhaphaza, ukuhlola, kunye nokusebenzisa iikhompyutha. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela iziko lezezentengiselwano, ukumisa, nokunyanzelisa imithetho emisela imida yemiqathango yesimilo, amalungelo abantu, kunye neembopheleleko zemibutho.

Impembelelo yamandla owiso-mthetho ayifani; iyahluka-hluka ngokwemithetho, inkqubo yezobupolitika, kunye nesimo sengqondo senkcubeko ngasese. Kwezinye iindawo, abamisi-mthetho bamisela ukuzilawula nokuvuma, ngoxa kwezinye, ukhuseleko lohlanga nolawulo lwezoqoqosho luza kuqala. Ukuqonda oku kuyimfuneko kumashishini, kubenzi bezomthetho, nakubemi abalawula umhlaba wonke.

Indima Yomthetho Kwindawo Eyimfihlo Yenkcubeko

Iiqumrhu ezilawulayo zimisela imithetho echaza indlela ugcino-lwazi lomntu ngamnye olunokuqokelelwa ngayo, lugcinwe, lusetyenziswe. Le mithetho ifuna ukukhusela amalungelo omntu ngamnye nokukhuthaza ulawulo logcino-lwazi olunembopheleleko yimibutho. Zibeka imida yoko kunokuthi kuhlanganiswe ugcino-lwazi, ixesha elingakanani lunokugcinwa, kwaye bani na abanokudityaniswa. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho isoloko ibandakanya ukulungelelanisa izilangazelelo ezikhuphisanayo: iingenelo zezoqoqosho zophuhliso-data oluneemeko ezifanelekileyo ezinxulumene nemfuneko efanelekileyo yokukhusela abantu engozini. Abenzi bemithetho baxhomekeke kwigalelo loshishino, uluntu, kunye nabaphandi bemfundo yokusebenza boshishino oluthetha ngezi nyaniso zombi kunye neengxaki zexesha elizayo.

Imithetho ye-oyile iquka imigaqo engundoqo enjenge-oyile, umlinganiselo wenjongo, ukuncitshiswa kogcino-lwazi, nokuziphendulela. Iintlangano kufuneka zazise abasebenzisi malunga nolungiselelo logcino-lwazi, zifumane imvume ecacileyo xa kuyimfuneko, kwaye ziphumeze ukhuseleko lobugcisa ekuchaseni iimpahla. Ezi mfuneko zinyanzelisa ukuphatha kunye nemithwalo yemali, kodwa zikwakhela ukuthembana `impahla ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwamanani. Ngaphandle kwemiyalelo yemithetho yemithetho yemithetho-Rhulumente, imibutho emininzi ayinaso yokufaka inkxaso ekukhuseleni imicimbi yabucala.

Imithetho Eyintloko Yogcino - lwazi Ehlabathini Lonke

Imithetho emininzi yengqikelelo yemithetho imisele imilinganiselo yomhlaba wonke yokukhusela ugcino-lwazi. Eyona inempembelelo yi-European Union’s General Data Protection Reggation (GDPR), emiselwe ngo-2018. I-GDPR isebenza nakweyiphi na intlangano elungiselela nayiphi na i-data yobuqu yabahlali be-EU, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isekelwe phi na umbutho. Izisa iimfuno ezingqongqo, ilungelo lokuqinisekisa ("ilungelo lokulityalwa"), ukukhutshelwa kwe-data, kunye nokwaphula okuyimfuneko kweempawu zokubonisa ityala phakathi kweeyure ezingama-72. Lo mthetho umisela izihlawulelo ezifanelekileyo (4% zokujika komhlaba okanye i-DEPU20 , engaphezulu kakhulu.) kwezongalawulwa yi-'e-'e-complicangciso-yo-yo. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuba iinkampani zifumane ngaphezu kogcino-data zazo.

EUnited States, akukho mthetho wogcino-lwazi olubanzi. Endaweni yoko, kukho umsebenzi odityanisiweyo wemithetho yamacandelo kunye nemithetho yomgangatho karhulumente. I-California Consumerhoal alusk Act (CCPA), esebenze ngowama-202020, ngumthetho karhulumente obalulekileyo. Inika abemi baseCalifornia amalungelo okwazi ukuba yiyiphi i-data eqokeleliweyo, ukucela ukucinywa, nokukhetha ukukhutshwa kolwazi lwabo. I-CCPA iphe ipheke amanye amazwe ajonge umthetho ofanayo, kwaye kukho impikiswano eqhubekayo ngetyala le-ogxampyut, ukhuseleko lolwazi lobuqu eIndiya, eyaziswa ngo-2019 kwaye iye yaqhutyelwa uhlolo, ukusungula ukwenziwa kolwazi olubanzi olulinganayo lwe-GDR. Icebisa ukuba kwenziwe iimfuno ze-data, ii-Promotences ze-D, ii-Adcut, kunye ne-Admoguemental der, i-Arection.

  • [[UMTL:0] Jikelele uKhuselo logcino-lwazi (GDPR) – European Union: Imisela owona mgangatho uphezulu wehlabathi lonke ngobubanzi bobubanzi bonikezelo kunye nonyanzelo olomeleleyo.
  • ICalifornia Consumer Infish Act (CPA) – United States: Ubuvulindlela bamalungelo anamandla abathengi kumgangatho karhulumente, ukuqhuba incoko yesizwe.
  • IBhili yoKhuselo logcino-lwazi lwesiqu – iIndiya: imela utshintsho olukhulu e-Asia, ukulinganisa indawo yobuqu kunye nonyuko lwezoqoqosho lwamanani.
  • ULei Geral de Proteção de Fates (LGPD) – Brazil: Lo mthetho uchaphazela amashishini ngaphaya koMzantsi Merika.
  • uMthetho woKhuselo lolwazi lobuqu (APPI) – iJapan: Omnye wemithetho yokuqala ebanzi, kutshanje ulungisiwe ukuhambelana nemigangatho yomhlaba wonke.

Le mithetho imisela imilinganiselo yokubonisana, imvume yomsebenzisi, kunye nokhuseleko logcino-lwazi. Inika abantu amalungelo okufikelela, okuchanileyo, okanye okucima ulwazi lwabo lobuqu. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zibonisa izithethe ezisemthethweni, imozulu, kunye nezinto eziphambili kwezoqoqosho. Kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthobela kufuna ulawulo oluninzi, ngokufuthi olukhokelela ekunyanzelweni kweyona milinganiselo ingqongqo emhlabeni wonke (imeko eyaziwa njenge-"Brusselsfects thment" kwimeko yeGDPR.

Iimodeli zokuthelekisa amandla

Amandla omthetho asebenza ngokusebenza. Ngokuchaseneyo, i-GDPR ixhomekeke kumagunya azimeleyo aphetheyo kwilizwe ngalinye elingumalungu, elinamandla okuphanda, ukukhupha izilumkiso, ukubeka uvalo, kunye nentebe ye-levy. Intengo ephezulu ye-profile nxamnye neenkampani ezifana neMeta ne-Amazon ibonisa ukuvuma komlawuli ukwenza into ethile. Ngokuchasene noko, iCCPA inyanzelwa kakhulu yi-Calinian Atorney General, ngelungelo elisigxilo esisigxina lokusebenza kuphela ngenxa yokungahambi kogcino-lwazi. Ukungabi nanto yangasese ekwindawo yobuqu ephakathi kwe-U.S. Yindawo enkulu yokuphikisana nabaxhasi. Okwangoku, umthetho ocetcingwayo we-India ubandakanya igunya lokulawula kunye namandla abanzi ne-Arcticve ne-adictic, nangona kuhlala kusoloko kukho ukuzimela kwayo.

Impembelelo Yemithetho Yesingqi, Kukuthenjwa Kwamanani Nokuphendula

Imithetho ye-Cyber ilawula imisebenzi ye-intanethi, kuquka izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zekhompyutha ezifana nokuqhekeza, ukubala amagama, nokusebenzisa ikhompyutha. Umthetho unceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amaxhoba amele aphendulelwe kwaye unika uncedo olusemthethweni. Ngaphandle kwemithetho ecacileyo, amaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho ngekhompyutha ajongene nemiqobo enzulu kubulungisa, kwaye abaphuli-mthetho abasebenza ngaphandle kokufumana isohlwayo. Imithetho ye-Cyber ikwalungisa ithetha ngemibandela enjengokufikelela ngaphandle kogunyaziso, ukutshatyalaliswa kogcino-lwazi, ukuqhatha, ukwabiwa, ukwabiwa nokusasazwa kwe-software eyingozi.

Imithetho ye-intanethi esebenzayo ibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembana kumaqonga amanani kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwezinto ngexesha kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko kunye nobumfihlo. Xa abemi namashishini bekholelwa ukuba imisebenzi yabo ye-intanethi ikhuselwe ngumthetho, basengozini yokubandakanyeka kwi-ecommerce, babelane ngolwazi, kwaye bathabathe ubugcisa obutsha. Ngokuchaseneyo, imithetho ye-webhsayithi ebuthathaka okanye ephelelwe lixesha ikhuthaza imekobume yomngcipheko, ukukhuselwa kwemali kunye nokuthathiswa.

Umthetho wolwaphulo-mthetho oluKhulu Ehlabathini Lonke

I-United States yayingomnye wamazwe okuqala ukumisela umthetho obanzi wezomthetho wekhompyutha kunye noMthetho weKhompyutha wobuqhetseba (CFAA) ngo1986. ICFAA ikwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olungekho mthethweni kwiikhompyutha kunye neenkqubo, kuquka ukufumana ulwazi, ukubangela umonakalo, nokuthengisa amagama ayimfihlo. Noko ke, umthetho uye wagxekwa ngobubanzi bobubanzi bobubanzi kunye nesohlwayo esinzima, esikhokelela ekubulaweni kwezenzo ezincinane zokuphulwa. Iinguqu zakutshanje zijolise ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwawo, ingakumbi kwiimeko zophando zokhuseleko olulungileyo.

ETshayina, uMthetho weCybersecurity Law (2017) kunye noMthetho woKhuseleko logcino-lwazi olandelayo (2021) kunye noMthetho woKhuselo loLwazi Lobuqu (2021) noMthetho woLawulo loMntu woLawulo oluNgqongqo olubanzi (2021) wenza isiseko solawulo olubanzi. Le mithetho imisela iimfuno ezingqongqo kubasebenzisi benethwekhi, kuquka ukwenziwa kogcino-lwazi lommandla, uhlolo lokhuseleko lokudluliswa kogcino-lwazi olunqamlezileyo, kunye nokusebenzisana nolawulo lukarhulumente. Ngoxa kujongwa ukukhusela ukhuseleko nolungelelwano lwesizwe, abagxeki baphikisa ukuba basebenzise iingqikelelo olunzima.

I-Philippines yamisela uMthetho wokuthintela ikhompyutha owenziwe ngo-2012, owenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nokusetyenziswa kwekhompyutha, ukuqhatha ngekhompyutha, nokuba i-odoli. Kwakhona iquka amalungiselelo okuqokelela inkcukacha zexesha lokwenene zezithuthi ngomthetho womthetho. Lo mthetho wavusa impikiswano ngenkcazelo yawo ye-gnometernet kunye neziphumo ezimandundu kwintetho ekhululekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimingeni ephambi kweNkundla ePhakamileyo. Eminye imithetho ephawulekayo iquka i-UK’s Computer Missionive Act (NettzG), iBhunga leNetmentation Act (NetG), kunye neBhunga le-Budapest ye-Cyberrime, enika iziphumo zenkululeko yokuthetha, enika intsebenzisela intsebenziswano yentlalo yezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe ngezizwe.

  • Ikhomputha kunye noMthetho wokuqhatha nokuphathwa kakubi (CFAA) – United States: Isiseko kodwa impikiswano; ukulungiswa ukucacisa umlinganiselo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Umthetho weCybersurety [[FT:1] – Tshayina: Inxenye yemithetho egxininisa ulawulo lombuso kunye nolawulo logcino-lwazi.
  • [[NT.:0] UMthetho wokuthintela iCybercrime – Philippines: Ukulungelelaniswa komthetho kunye nenkxalabo yamalungelo abantu.
  • [[I-FLT:0] Imithetho esetyenziswa kakubi 1990 – i-United Kingdom: Umthetho wokuqala ojolise ekuqhekezeni nasekufikeleleni okungagunyaziswanga.
  • Indibano yeBhudapike kwiCybercrime – zizwe ngezizwe: Isivumelwano sokuqala sengingqi esithetha nolwaphulo-mthetho lwe-intanethi; sagunyaziswa ngamazwe angaphezu kwama-60.

Le mithetho ibonisa iimpendulo ezahlukeneyo zomthetho kwizisongelo zekhompyutha. Ezinye zigxininisa ukunqanda ukukhuselwa ngesohlwayo, ngelinye ixesha ezinye zimisela ukukhuselwa kwezibonelelo okanye intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe. Umzekelo, iNdibano yeBudapest, incedana ngokusemthethweni, kunye nentsebenziswano ekhawulezayo phakathi kwamazwe okusayina, iyenza ibe sisixhobo somthetho we-intanethi enqamleza umda we-inthaneti.

Indima Yokuvisisana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

I-Budapest Convention yesona sixhobo samkelekileyo jikelele, kodwa ijongene nocelomngeni olusuka kwiimeko ezikhetha ezinye, njengesivumelwano se-UN esimiselwe ukhuseleko lolwazi lwezizwe ngezizwe. Ukunqongophala kwemithetho kunye nomthetho wokunyanzelisa kumele kubangele ukuba izalathiso zisebenze ngezizwe. Isivumelwano somthetho sisesona sixhobo samkelekileyo esixhaphakileyo, kodwa sijongene neengxaki ezisuka kumazwe akhetha ezinye iinkqubo, njengesivumelwano se-UN esimiselwe i-UN kukhuseleko lolwazi lwezizwe ngezizwe. Ukunqongophele kwemigangatho yomhlaba wonke kudala imiqobo exhatshazwa yimiba exhatshazwa zilwaphulo-mthetho. I-mthetho iyakwazi ukuphendula le nkcazelo efanayo, iqukuqela elingephiyo, kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwizivumelwano zengxelo ezininzi zemali ezilandelanayo. Isivumelwano se-European Union se-Dectacial Inst Deseast Inst Inst Informations syms (203) ngumzekelo wodidi lwengingqingqi yoluntu.

Iingxaki Ezijamelene Nemigudu Yomthetho Yokufumana Imibandela Eyimfihlo Nomthetho Ofihlakeleyo

Imigudu yomthetho ijongene nocelomngeni olufana notshintsho lobugcisa olukhawulezileyo, ukuhamba kogcino-lwazi olunqamlezileyo, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukhuseleko. Abenzi bomthetho basoloko bezama ukuhambisana nolwakhiwo olufana nolwezintlukwano olungelulo olungaqhelekanga, i-Internet yezinto, kunye nezithintelo. Ngexesha irejista iba ngumthetho, ubugcisa obujolise ekulawuleni isenokuba sele iguqukile. Umzekelo, imithetho yokukhusela ugcino-data ayizange ilindele ukuba umatshini ufunde iimodeli ezinokudibanisa ulwazi oluchuliweyo olusuka kugcino-lwazi olubonakala lungenabungozi. Ngoku abalawuli beminciphikiswano-mthetho, ukwenza izigqibo ze-atho logcino-data, kunye nokuphatha ulwazi.

Ukuhamba komda wogcino-lwazi wongeza olunye umaleko oluntsonkothileyo. Inkampani ingaqokelela ugcino-lwazi kwelinye ilizwe, ilwenze kwenye, ize ilugcine kweyesithathu. Ingquzulanisa iimfuno zomthetho . "ezifana nemiyalelo yogcino-lwazi olungenamsebenzi wengingqi yeChina" njengemiyalelo yokwenziwa kogcino-lwazi lommandla ngokuchasene no-EU ukunyanzeleka kwezixhobo ezaneleyo zokukhusela i-expressions . Iqumrhu elilawula ngokusemthethweni limele lithethe izivumelwano zokudlulisa ulwazi, ezifana neEU-US Preftwarealms, eyathatha indawo ye-Amfimfiki engenanto engenanto engenanto. Le mimiselo ilulayo ekhoyo ngokwezobupolitika kwaye iphantsi kwemingeni esemthethweni, njengoko kulawulo lweNkulawula kweNkulwanobumba ye-Europe Union.

Ukulungelelanisa amathuba obuqu nokhuseleko lulucelomngeni olunolwakheko. Oorhulumente basoloko bephikisa ngelithi amandla alawulayo ayimfuneko ukulwa nobugrogrisi nolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu. Imithetho efana ne-UK’s Investigation Powers Act igunyaza ukuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi oluninzi, ukuqhekeza izixhobo, nokuthoba ukuvulwa kombhalo ofihlakeleyo. Abameli bemfihlelo baphikisa ukuba loo manyathelo aphelisa amalungelo asisiseko kwaye adala ubuchule obunokusetyenziswa ziingcebiso. Imithetho kufuneka ilinganisele la maxabiso aphikisana, ngokufuthi phantsi kwengcinezelo enzulu yezobupolitika. Isiphumo siyahluka: Amanye amazwe amkela ukhuseleko olunamandla lwemfihlolo ngokujongelwa kooonqandano olulinganiselweyo, ngoxa amanye ebeka ukhuseleko kumntu ngamnye.

Izifundo zobugcisa ezidityanisiweyo kunye nemida esemthethweni

Inkqubo yobuchule yokwenziwa elungiselela ugcino-lwazi lobuqu iphakamisa imibuzo malunga nocalucalulo, ukubonakala, nokuphendula. UMthetho we-AI ocetyiswayo we-EU unenjongo yokwahlula-hlula iinkqubo ngomgangatho womngcipheko, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zeenkqubo eziphezulu zobuchule (umz. Legislators zihlola izisombululo ezifana nogcino-lwazi lwe-zero, okanye ukugcinwa komthetho). Noko ke, ukudibana kwayo nemithetho ye-data yobuqu kuhlala kunzima. Ngokufanayo, ukukhokela kwe-bloko kukhokela kwe-immutabchatab kusilwa nolwamnqono lweziso sobukhomqobo phantsi kwe-GDPR. Umthetho u-Legistrator uhlola iziso zobugcisa njengeziqinisekiso ze-zerock-octive okanye ugcino-incha, kodwa akukho ndlela ecacileyo ephume.

Ingqokelela yogcino-lwazi lwe-biometric system esetyenziswa ngamaqumrhu azimeleyo ngomnye umda. Imithetho efana ne-Biometric Information Act (BIPA) imisela iimeko ezingqongqo ekuqokeleleni iminwe, iiskeni zobuso, okanye izishicileli zelizwi. Ezinye imikhosi esemva, ivumela ukungaphazanyiswa okusongela ukuzifihla kunye nenkululeko yabantu. Ukuphendula komthetho kudla ngokuvela emva kokukhala kawonke wonke, njengokuba kubonwa ngokuchasana nokulahlwa kwemifanekiso ye-IIIIIV kuqwalaselwe ubuso be- pite.

Imigaqo Yexesha Elizayo: Indaleko Yamandla Omthetho Kwimibandela Yasese Yedata Nakumthetho Wesiphekepheke

Imithetho yexesha elizayo kufuneka ilungelelanise ubugcisa obuvelayo obufana nobungeyoyamvelo kunye novingco. IiLegislatures ziqala ukushukuma ukusuka kwintshukumo ezisebenzayo ukuya kwiindlela ezisebenzayo. Ezinye zizama nge "sandbox" ekusingqongileyo, apho abalawuli bavumela ukulawulwa kobugcisa obutsha phantsi kwemithetho ekhululekileyo, ukuqokelela ubungqina bomthetho wexesha elizayo. Le ndlela, esetyenziswa nguMphathi-mikhosi weNkcubeko Yolwazi, inceda abenzi bomthetho baqonde iziphumo zehlabathi zokwenene phambi kokuba kufuneke ukuba kubekho imigaqo edityanisiweyo.

Intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe nokulungelelaniswa kwemithetho kubalulekile ukuze kulungelelaniswe umgaqo osebenzayo kwimiba yamanani edityanisiweyo. Oorhulumente kufuneka basebenze kunye ukwenza iinkqubo ezibanzi ezikhusela abemi ehlabathini lonke. Ucelomngeni luyingxubano enkulu yezentlalo yehlabathi nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo. Noko ke, impumelelo yeGDPR ekukhuthazeni amazwe angaphezu kwekhulu ukukhuthaza imithetho efanayo ibonisa ukuba amandla omthetho anamandla anokugqugqisa emhlabeni wonke. Ummiselo olandelayo usenokuba yisivumelwano sogcino-lwazi lwehlabathi lonke esidibanisa ukuzimela, ukusetyenziswa kolwazi, nokukhuselwa ngokukhululekile kokhuseleko loluntu.

Imithetho ikwafuna umgaqo-siseko wamandla eqonga. Ngapha koko kubekwa ngaphaya kolawulo lwamandla ogcino-lwazi, imithetho efana noMthetho weMarigic Markets kunye noMthetho weeNkonzo zaMaziko-mali ze-EU ijonge ulawulo nokhuphiswano lobuchule bezobugcisa obukhulu. Le mithetho inyanzela amaqonga ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi nabakhuphiswano, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bangenise i-data yabo, kwaye yandise ukubonakala okungeyonkqubo yemithetho-algorics ukusuka kwi-mfistry ukuya kulawulo lwamanani olubanzi, kuquka ukhuphiswano, ukhuphiswano, ukhuseleko lwabathengi, kunye nentetho yedemokhrasi.

Okokugqibela, indima yolawulo lowiso-mthetho ayinakuchazwa. Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba abameli bomthetho banezinto ezaneleyo kunye nenkululeko. Kwakhona kufuneka bathathe inyathelo rhoqo lokuhlola enoba imithetho iphumeza iinjongo zabo okanye ibangela umonakalo ongacwangciswanga.

Kumaziko kunye nabantu ngabanye, ukuhlala benolwazi ngenkqubela-phambili yowiso-mthetho kubalulekile. Inkcazo ayimi ndawonye; iguqula namalungelo awo phantsi kwemithetho emitsha, ulawulo lwenkundla, kunye nolawulo lolawulo. amashishini kufuneka afake ingeniso kwimigaqo-yokwasese, aqhube iziphumo zokhuseleko logcino-lwazi, kwaye aphuhlise izicwangciso zeziganeko. Abantu ngabanye bangasebenzisa amalungelo abo phantsi kwemithetho ekhoyo kunye nokhuseleko olunamandla ngenkqubo yedemokhrasi.

Impembelelo yamandla owiso-mthetho kwinkcazelo yogcino-lwazi kunye nemithetho yekhompyutha iza kuqhubeka ikhula njengoko zonke iinkalo zobugcisa zingenayo. Izigqibo ezenziwa ziipalamente neengqungquthela namhlanje ziya kubumba amalungelo amanani ezizukulwane ezizayo. Ngokuqonda impembelelo yangaphambili nekhoyo yale mpembelelo yowiso-mthetho, abaxhasi bemithetho bayakwazi ukulisebenzisa kakuhle ixesha elizayo. "ekuhlaleni apho ukhuseleko, kunye nokuphuhliswa komthetho kufuneka kubekho khona."