Ukwazisa: Indima Eqhubekayo Yonqulo Kulawulo LwamaJapan

IJapan inikela imeko eyahlukileyo yolwalamano lonqulo nolombuso kwihlabathi langoku. Umgaqo-siseko wasemva kwemfazwe ugunyazisa ngokucacileyo ukwahlulwa konqulo norhulumente, kodwa imibutho yonqulo ihlala inempembelelo engenakuthengwa kwaye maxa wambi ethandatyuzwa kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nemithetho-mthetho. Le mpembelelo ayiyonto yakudala; amanyala akhoyo ezobupolitika, ingakumbi ukuwa okubandakanya iCawa yokwahlula indalo (Imanyano Yentsapho Yoxolo Neemanyano Zwentsapho) kunye nezobupolitika kwiLiberal democratic Party (LDP), eziye zabangela umbanothotho lonqulo olubuyele kwimpumezo yesizwe.

Ukuqonda indlela amaqela asukela ngayo kumbutho onamandla wamaBhuda iSoka Gakkai ukuya kumaqumrhu obuShinto kunye nenkqubo entsha yonqulo efuna ukukhangela ngaphaya kwemigaqo elula yomgaqo-siseko. Ukusetyenziswa kwembali, ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwentlalo emva kwemfazwe, kunye nezivumelwano zonyulo kudala imeko entsonkothileyo apho izinto eziphambili zokuziphatha nezokomoya zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umthetho wehlabathi. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa imvelaphi, abadlali abaphambili, imigaqo-nkqubo, kunye neempikiswano eziqhubekayo ezinxulumene nempembelelo yonqulo kubomi bezobupolitika bamaJapan.

Imbali Ethetha Ngempembelelo Yonqulo Kwezobupolitika EJapan

Ulwalamano phakathi kwegunya lonqulo negunya lezobupolitika eJapan lusekelwe ngokunzulu kukwenziwa kwelizwe libe lilo nakulwandiso lwalo lwezoburhulumente. Ngoxa umGaqo-siseko wangoku ulwaphula unqulo lukarhulumente, imizekelo yembali yokholo olukhuliswe ngurhulumente iyaqhubeka ivakala kwizenzo zale mihla.

UbuShinto Belizwe Nobuzwe BeMeiji

Ngexesha leMdibaniselo yeMeiji (1868-1912), urhulumente omtsha waphakamisa ngabom iShinto ukusuka kwimimiselo yemikhwa yobuthonyama kwihlelo lobuzwe elilungiselelwe ukumanyanisa abantu abahlala kumlawuli. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa njengeRhulumente Shinto, yayingeyonto nje ekhethwayo kodwa yayisisixhobo sezobupolitika. Iitempile zabekwa phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, kwaye izithethe zobuShinto zaba yimibutho yezoburhulumente ezinyanzelekileyo kwizikolo neeofisi zikarhulumente. Oku kudityaniswa konqulo norhulumente kwakuthetha ukuba imikhosi yonqulo yayinxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokunyaniseka, ulawulo, kunye nokuzichaza kwesizwe. AmaBhuda, aye anamandla ebudeni bexesha elandulela elingaphambili, athotyelwe kodwa kamva athotyelwa phantsi kwenkqubo yesizwe. Eli xesha lamiselwayo elinamandla lobupolitika: iingcamango zonqulo zinokusetyenziswa kwigunya kunye nenkqubo yezobupolitika yezentlanganiso.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwemfazwe yePost-iRower kunye nomGaqo-siseko we-1947

Ukuqulunqwa kwesizwe esihlangeneyo sonqulo eJapan phantsi kweNdlu-ngasese uDouglas MacArthur wakhupha ulwaphuko olukhulu kwixa elidluleyo. UMgaqo-siseko we-1947, omiselwe phantsi kolwalathiso oluvela kuMphathi-mikhosi Ophakamileyo we-Allied Magunyane (SCAP), oqinisekisa ngokucacileyo inkululeko yonqulo kwaye walela urhulumente ukuba angabandakanyeki okanye axhase imisebenzi yonqulo. IGatya 20 lichaza ukuba "akukho ntlangano yonqulo eya kufumana naliphi na ilungelo elivela kuRhulumente, okanye isebenzise naliphi na igunya lezobupolitika. Icandelo 89 alikukwalela ukusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke wonke ukuze kusetyenziswe unqulo. Olu lwahlulo lwahlula ubuhlanga lwalungaqhutyelwa njengomsebenzi wonqulo. Noko ke, umgaqo-mthetho awuwawamnqandangawa ukuba amaqela onqulo athathi nxaxheba kwezobupolitika njengemibutho yangabombutho yangasese.

Ukuvela Kwemibutho Yonqulo Lwezobupolitika

Kumashumi eminyaka anzima emva kwemfazwe, intsebenziswano entsha kunye neecawa ezisunguliweyo zafuna ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwempembelelo yazo. Kumaxesha angaphambili emva kwemfazwe kwabakho ukuchuma "kwienkonzo ezintsha" ([FLT: 0]] ishinūkyō). Enye yezona zibalulekileyo yayi Soka Gaka Gakhair[[FLT]]] [ibutho lendalo], umbutho wamaBhuda osisiseko osekelwe kwiimfundiso zikaNichireen. Phantsi kokhokelo lwesibini uJocio Toda, elo qela lakhula ngokukhawuleza ngokutsala abantu basezidolobheni kunye nokususa imbono ephambili yezopolitiki. Ukuyilahla ngokucacileyo ingcamango yokuba unqulo luhlale lungahlala luhlukene kwezobupolitika, ukuvakalisa ukusungula ukusetyenziswa kwe----mond'ith sy "Uprienenen" ngokuthetha ngqo ngolu hlobo lwezopolitiko lwesizwe lokuqala lwezopoliti yesizwe (Kome) elton ephambili, eJapan, esetyenziswayokuveza igalelo lokuqala

ISaka Gakkai-Komeito Alliance: Umzekelo Wamandla Onqulo

Ulwalamano phakathi kweSoka Gakkai neKomeito ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo nohlala uhleli wempembelelo yonqulo kwimicimbi yecawa yamaJapan. Lo mbutho uguqukele ngokuphawulekayo ukusuka kwimvelaphi yawo njengeqela lenkcaso ephikisayo ukuya kwindima yalo yangoku njengeqabane elincinci elingumnqophisi kwiLDP ende.

Imvelaphi Nesiseko Sefilosofi

Komeito yasekwa kumgaqo " ukwandisa imfesane kaBhuda. I-Soka Gakkai , eyasuka kwiNichiren Buddhism, igxininisa ukufumaneka kwemvisiswano kunye nolonwabo lomntu ngamnye kweli hlabathi ngokholo nangesenzo. Iqonga lokuqala leqela lajolise kwintlalo-ntle yomntu oqhelekileyo, i-anti-reki, uxolo, kunye nokukhuthazwa kobusoshiyali boluntu. Oku kwaba lucelomngeni olungqalileyo kwabangamadlangaphili, iproject-LD P. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, iKome yasebenza njengeqela elichasahlulo, kodwa isiseko sovoti yayikhutshwe ngokukhulu ukusuka kwi-Sokakkakiskas, ukukhuthaza ukuphumelela nokukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kwe-proselite.

Iindawo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noThintelo loThinteko lweNkcitho

Igalelo elithe thaca kwingcamango yayo yezobuGaqo-siseko "yokukhuphisana kwabantu abangoorhulumente" kunye nokunamathela kwayo ngokuqinileyo ku i-pacifis. Iqela liye lasoloko lixhasa umGaqo-siseko woxolo waseJapan, ingakumbi iGatya 9 elahla imfazwe. Njengeqabane elincinci kwi-LDP edityanisweyo ukususela ngo-1991, iKomeito iye yasebenza njengebreki ephezulu kwi-LDP eninzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngelixa i-LDP ityhatha ukuphinda ichazela umgaqo-siseko somthetho-siseko ukuze ivumele "ukuzilwa kwe-emperder" (ukulwa kwe-alwanobugciso ,) ukukhuthaza okungqongqo, ekugqibeleni ukhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwama-LDP. Kwizinzo loluntu oluthe lwandalamngenisile, i-Gka, ixhasa i-Geak

Umatshini wentlangano kunye nempembelelo

Umanyano ludume ngokunempumelelo ngenxa yesakhiwo sentlangano se-Soka Gakkai esingumgangatho ophantsi. Eli qela lisebenza uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwezahluko zasekuhlaleni, amaziko oluntu, kunye namajelo onxibelelwano. Ngexesha lonyulo, amalungu axhotyiswe ngomatshini "wokudibanisa-omatshini wokudibanisa" onika ucango-mnyango oya kwindlu, uthutho lokukhangela, kunye nojolise intshumayelo. Le nkxaso ijongelwe phambili kwiKometo, esoloko ifumana izihlalo zabo phezu kokungafumani igama lesizwe elibanzi le-LDP ngokukabents. Ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukujika ucango oluphezulu kwimimandla emikhulu yabemi. Eli gunya linika iqela eliphakathi kwe-LDPme kunyuswa uninzi lwemithetho yezonqulo, apho i-Kome imele inyani ethetha ngomgaqo-Pito.

Amanye Amaqela Onqulo Kwindawo Yezobupolitika

Ngelixesha umanyano lwe-Soka Gakkai-Komeito lubonakala, ezinye iziqu zonqulo zikwanempembelelo, ngokufuthi ngeendlela ezithe ngqo kodwa ezilinganayo.

Inyathelo lokuqala loxolo lonqulo lwengingqi ye-Rissho Kosei-kai

Rissho Kosei-kai, omnye umbutho omkhulu wamaBhuda aseNichiren, unecebo elahlukileyo lezobupolitika. Ngokungafaniyo noSoka Gakkai, ayihlali kwizakhelo zayo okanye igcine iqela elisesikweni. Endaweni yoko, isebenza ngokukhuthaza nangolwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo, ingakumbi kwimiba ye- uxolo kunye nokucinezela phantsi kwezixhobo [[FLT: 1]. Intlangano lilungu eliphambili lonqulo okanye uthothotho lwezikozo, apho ixhasa khona inkululeko yonqulo nesigqibo songquzulwano lwezizwe ngezizwe. Iye yaba nempembelelo ekutyhafezeni urhulumente waseJapan kwindima esebenzayo ekulondolozeni uxolo kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo zenyukliya, ihambisana nokucaciswa kwayo ngamandla kweBhubhu. Igcina ii-GLD kunye nomthetho womthetho wayo wesizwe, kunokuba i-Kometo, iqhubene igunya lokuvola umthetho.

IMibutho YamaShinto Nenkcubeko

Impembelelo yezobupolitika yamaShinto isetyenziswa kakhulu nge iSinto seNhlangano yoBuhombiso Bezomoya (SAS, ngaphambili i Shinto Seiji Renmei okanye uManyano lwePhondo lobuShinto). Le ntlangano ifumana iimigaqo ezikhusela ingcwele zeShinto, ikhuthaza ulawulo lwesizwe ngemibhiyozo yesizwe, kwaye iqhubela phambili ukuphinda uhlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko wokwenza umsebenzi wokumkani kunye nemfuno-mfuno-khaya. I-[3] I-Diaschian Sei shey Sempei Renmei okanye uManyanomei ye-P. Imithetho yayo iquka ukuqwalalelwa okusemthethweni kweYasni Shn Shvani (umbhiyombhiyongwaneyono yemfazwe) kunye nenkqubo yobuGromanisike yesizwe ekhuthaza ukuvukelwa kwesizwe.[5]

ICawa Engamanyanisiyo Nempikiswano Yotshintsho Yasemva Kweziphakamiso

Impembelelo ye-Unification Church (ngoku eyaziwa njengeNtlanganiso Yoxolo Lwehlabathi nomanyano) iye yalawula imixholo yemidlalo yakutshanje. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, intlangano yakha ii-interlinegrate ezibanzi kwi-LDP, yafaka abefundisi bezobupolitika njenge "bahlobo" kwaye ibaxhasa ngokusemthethweni, abasebenzi bokuzithandela, kunye neminikelo yemali. Ngokubuyayo, iCawa yafuna unyango olulungileyo kwimicimbi enjenge "intengiso yomoya" (iiiiiizinto zokuthengisa ngokugqithisa, iingqayikiso, kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphantsi kwegama lokukhulula amadlolo mtshato) kunye nokuqwalaselwa ngokusemthethweni kwemitshatobhiso yayo. Ukubulawa kweNkulumbuso uShinzobe kwatyhila ubunzulu bezi , njengoko umbalelwa ngokuvakalayo kwemithetho yetyala ebhaliweyo [Foctives], njengoko ingulowo umbangowamvuzo wecawa karhulumente kawonke wonke, i-Abe i-odmigroption yavuma ukuba i-wonke-wonke-wonke wonke, i-wonke wonke, i-ognodenti

Iindawo Eziyintloko Eziphenjelelwa Yimpembelelo Yonqulo

Amaqela onqulo agxininisa kwimigaqo ethile esisiseko yokuziphatha nentlalo apho asebenzisana nolawulo lukawonke wonke.

Imfundo Nemfundiso Yokuziphatha

Le yimfazwe ephambili. Amaqela obuShinto kunye namaBhuda abambelele kwimfundo esemthethweni" (] ōtaku)) agxininisa izakhiwo zenkqubano yentsapho, ukuhlonela abadala, kunye nokuthanda izwe kumlawuli. Oku kuhambelana nosukelo lwe-LDP lokubuyela kuMthetho wemfundo ongundoqo ukukhuthaza "uthando lwamazwe." ngokuphikisanayo, Soka Gakkai noKomeito abameli benkqubo yemfundo ekhuthaza ubuchule, ukucinga okugxeka, kunye namalungelo abantu. Bachasa imo ye-modeli ye-man. Iziphumo zichaphazela imigangatho yemfundo, incwadi eqululweyo, nendima yesikolo (ngokumelwa kwesizwe) [FTGYP]:[3]

Ukhuseleko Lwesizwe noMgaqo-siseko woXolo

I-Pacifism yimbonakalo engundoqo yezobupolitika yeSoka Gakkai neRissho Kosei-kai yemilinganiselo yobuBhuda. Indawo kaKomeito kumaqela isebenza njengeqela elipheleleyo lemfazwe [[FLT: 0]] ingumqondiso wemfazwe . Ngelixesha i-LDP iphumelele ekuchazeni kwakhona iGatya 9 ukuvumela izenzo ezisikelwe umda zemfazwe phesheya, iKomeito isoloko ifuna ukuba nayiphi na i-Rodadam yasebuRhulumani ifumane imvume epheleleyo, ifuna ukuvunywa yipalamenti, kwaye iphephe ukulwa ngqo. Le mpembelelo ibaluleke ekuthinteleni ukuba ibe ligunya eliqhelekileyo lomkhosi kwingqiqo, inkqubo ethanda ukuphuma ngqo kwinkolo yonqulo okokuba kukwaphulwa kwesidima soluntu.

Ulungiso Lentsapho Nentsapho

IKomeito ngokuqhubekayo iye yaqhubela phambili ukusetyenziswa kwemali engakumbi kwintlalo-ntle yoluntu, iyenza ibe ngumsebenzi webutho elinovelwano. Inkxaso yayo kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngabantwana (enika intlawulo yenyanga kwiintsapho) kunye nokuxhasa kwayo ukuthelekisa kwezamayeza ngezonyango kwizifo ezinqabileyo ziziphumo ezithe ngqo zentanda-bulumko yonqulo. Amaqela aphembelela irhafu, kwelinye icala, ajolise ingqalelo kwinkqubo yeentsapho [[[FLT:] inkqubo yomtshato ukusuka kwi-engile ecacileyo, ukuchasana nokhuthazo lwemigaqo yezentengiso ekhuthaza ukuzala abantwana kwimitshato yesithethe. Amaqela aphule irhafuthelo, nasemthethweni eqinisa indima yobuzawozalawo kwentsapho.

Ulondolozo lweNkcubeko nokwaziwa kwesizwe

Amaqumrhu amaShinto akhuthele ngokukhethekileyo ekukhuseleni izithethe zezindlu zangcwele, imithendeleko, kunye nezithethe ezijongwa njengezisisiseko kwinkcubeko yamaJapan. Abhenela ukuqatshelwa okuqhubekayo kwemibhiyozo yeShinto (ngokufuthi kusetyenziswa inkxaso-mali kawonke-wonke kwimithendeleko yasekuhlaleni) kunye nokuzihlaziya kuMthetho weBhodi ye-Imperial ukulondoloza i-Emperialssss kuqinisekisa ukuba ukulandelelwa kolawulo lwamadoda, ukuma okusekelwe kwisithethe sonqulo. Amaqela onqulo akwaphembelela umthetho womsasazi-ndaba-ndaba-ndaba-wonke NHK[FLT][FLT]

Iintlola Nempikiswano Engaphaya Kobupolitika

Impembelelo yonqulo kwezobupolitika zamaJapan ayiphikiswa. Iimpikiswano ezininzi ezinkulu zibalaselisa uxanduva phakathi kokwahlukana komgaqo-siseko kunye nokuqhelisela kwehlabathi lokwenene.

Ukungavisisani KweCawa Nemiphumo Yayo

Izityhilelo za 2022 zaba nesiphumo sonyikimo. Uphando lukawonke-wonke lwabonisa ukuba malunga [i-80% yabenzi bomthetho we-LDP babeneentambo kwi-Unification Church okanye imibutho yayo edibeneyo. Oku kwanyanzela uMphathiswa-Mangameli uFumio Kisida ukuba awise umthetho omtsha kwiqela lonke kwaye athembise umthetho omtsha wokuphelisa iminikelo engekho mthethweni. Inkqeshosho karhulumente ephayo kangangeenyanga ezithile yaze yakhokelela ekuphenduleni kwe-ocedo abalungiseleli abaliqela. Ingxaki ephambili yayikukungabikho kokuvela komdla phakathi kweqela elinamandla lonqulo kunye nezopolitiko ezifuna inkxaso-yo. Iphakamisa imibuzo engundoqo kakhulu?

Imingeni yomGaqo-siseko noHlaziyo lwezeNkcukacha

Inkundla ePhakamileyo yaseJapan ithathe ucwangciso lobulumko malunga nolwahlulo lonqulo norhulumente. Kwityala eliphawula unyaka ka 1977 malunga nolu Imikhosi ye-Ammic-Defense yokwaphula umsitho wesakhiwo sonqulo sobuShinto [, inkundla ifumanise ukuba asiyonto yonke igalelo lombuso lonqulo olungekho semthethweni, kodwa kuphela ezo zinto zihamba phambili okanye ezithi zithintele ukukhuthaza okanye ukucinezela ukholo oluthile. Olu "njongo kunye nesiphumo" luvumele iqondo lokungacacanga. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwemali kawonke kwizakhiwo zikawonke-mhlaba zesakhiwo sikawonke kudla ngokukhuphikiswa kodwa kuxhatshaziwe. Lo mmandla ongokwasemthethweni uvumela ukuba ungenelele okanye udidi lonqulo ngaphandle kwempembelelo ecacileyo kwiCawa yecawa.

Iimbono Zesidlangalala Nokufuna Utshintsho

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke ngempembelelo yonqulo lwahlulwe kodwa lugxekwa ngokuya lusiba lunjalo. AmaJapan aselula, angenayo ingcinga yokuba ngamalungu awo naluphi na unqulo olulungelelanisiweyo, atyekele ekujongeni ukuvuselelwa ngonqulo njengempembelelo eyonakeleyo. Emva kwehlazo lama-2022, kwakukho izibongozo ezisasazekileyo ze "Cool" eyahlula i-Shinto yesithethe kwimpembelelo yobuShinto yonqulo kunye nemithetho engqongqo yeminikelo yezopolitiko kwimibutho yonqulo. Noko ke, ukutshintsha inkqubo yezopolitiko kunzima ngenxa yokuba i-LDP neKomeito zikholose kwinkxaso yonqulo. Nayiphi nayiphi na imizamo yokuzama ukuqhawula le migaqo ingalahlekelwa yisiseko esithembekileyo, yenza inkqubo yokutshintsha ingabi nabuhlungu.

Isiphelo: Umntu Onyamezelayo Kodwa Ovavanywa Ngobuchule

Impembelelo yamaqela onqulo kwiinkqubo zeqela lezobupolitika lamaJapan ayiyonto ingaqhelekanga; luphawu lwesakhiwo lwenkqubo yedemokhrasi yasemva kwemfazwe. Iimvelaphi ezinzulu zombutho wamaqela afana noSoka Gakkai, ukuphinda-phinda kwenkcubeko yobuShinto, kunye neemfuno zokhetho olusebenzayo zamaqela afana neLDP zivelise uthungelwano olukwinkqubo yobume bemfundo, ukhuseleko, intlalo-ntle, kunye nokwaziwa kwesizwe.

Le migaqo yezopolitiko inamandla ayilunganga ngokupheleleyo okanye ayibi nto iphela. Njengokuba abagxeki bephikisa, ingathoba impembelelo yehlabathi kwaye ibangele amathuba okunganyaniseki. Njengoko abaxhasi bezama, inika isiseko sokuziphatha kwintlalo-ntle nemigaqo-ntle yentlalo kunye neyokungaphili-mfazwe enokuthi ngaphayanyiswa yinkqubo yezopolitiko yentengiso epheleleyo. Ucelomngeni oluphambili lwedemokhrasi yamaJapan aluyi kuphelisa impembelelo yonqulo, qhaqhaqhazelela indlela olu nxulumano lwamandulo kunye nentetho ekhululekileyo olunexabiso, kwaye lungaqiniseki ukuqwala ngayo ukuqwalaselwa kwayo ngokusemthethweni njengeliselanayiphi nayiphi na enye inzala. Iimposiso zakutshanje ziye zanyanzela le mbambano evulekileyo, nengxoxo eqhubekayo ngemimiselo entsha phakathi kokholo nemeko yakudala ekhoyo kumashumi eminyaka.