Ukuqonda Imicimbi Yezobupolitika Njengeentsika Zedemokhrasi

Amaqela ezobupolitika anxulumene nolawulo-demokhrasi lwale mihla. Aguqula uluvo lukawonke-wonke lube zii-plut zomgaqo-siseko olungelelanisiweyo, abangenisi nabaqeqeshi, kwaye anike abavoti iilebhile ezicacileyo ezidalula ukhetho lwezobupolitika oluntsonkothileyo. Ngaphandle kwamaqela, ezopolitiko ezinyuliweyo ziya kufana nentengiso engqubanayo yeminqweno yabantu kunokuba ibe yinkqubo elungelelanisiweyo yokwenza izigqibo. Indima yabo idlulela ngaphaya kosuku lonyulo; ukuma kwendlela abemi bacinga ngayo imibango, indlela oorhulumente abasebenza ngayo, nendlela abasebenza ngayo abantu abasebenzisana.

Ukuze ubani aqonde indlela amaqela ezobupolitika achaphazela ngayo idemokhrasi, kufuneka ahlolisise indlela asebenza ngayo, indaleko neengxaki ajamelana nazo kwixesha leenguqulelo ezikhawulezileyo zentlalo.

Imisebenzi ye-Core kwiiNkqubo zeDemocratic

Amaqela ezobupolitika enza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo egcina ulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Okokuqala, akhuthaza izilangazelelo ezahlukeneyo zabemi ngokuzimisela kwimimiselo elawulekayo yemiqathango. Abalawuli abanakuphosa iibhola ezinentsingiselo kwinkupho nganye; amaqela anika izindululo ezizithinteli-mali — ezizinqumlisi ezenziwe lula — ezihambelana neenkcazo ezibanzi zengqiqo. Umzekelo, ukuma kweqela kwimimiselo yezoqoqosho kubonisa indlela elijongene ngayo irhafu, intlalo-ntlalo, kunye nolawulo lweshishini, ukuvumela abavoti ukuba bathathe izikhundla zeprojekthi kwiimbambazo ezininzi ezinxulumene nazo ngaphandle kokufundisisa imbono nganye nganye.

Okwesibini, amaqela ayakha ukhuphiswano lokhetho. Phantse kufutshane wonke ulawulo-lwazi lwedemokhrasi, abatshayeli abasebenza phantsi kweflegi yeqela, kunye nelebhuli yeqela linika abavoti ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha komntu oza kubhaptizwa eofisini. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zolwazi lokuvota kwaye kwenza unyulo lucace. Uphando olupapashwa yiAnual Review yePromatic Science[ ibonisa ukuba ukuchazwa kweqela kuhlala kusesinye seempawu ezinamandla zokuziphatha kokuvota ngaphaya kwedemocrafi.

Okwesithathu, amatheko akwizithuthi zokufumana inkxaso yezobupolitika nenkqubela yolawulo. Abonisa abantu abaza kuphumelela, anika uqeqesho namathuba okuncokola kunye namacebiso okufumana iinkonzo ezinzima. Ngaphandle kwamaqela, umbhobho osisigxina sezakuba kufutshane kakhulu, kwaye ubuya kuncipha ubungangamsha bolawulo.

Okwesine, amaqela alungelelanisa urhulumente. Kwinkqubo zepalamente, iqela elininzi okanye umbutho odibanisayo wenza isebe eliphetheyo, ngoxa likwinkqubo yomongameli, iqela lomongameli liququzelelana namahlakani owiso-mthetho ukudlulisa umthetho. Amatheko anyanzelisa ingqeqesho phakathi kwamalungu awo, eqinisekisa ukuba iphulo liguqulela kwisenzo somgaqo-nkqubo. Lo msebenzi wentlangano ujongene noxanduva lokuziphendulela: abavoti okanye abohlwaye amaqela asekelwe kwimisebenzi yabo yeqela kwiofisi.

Ekugqibeleni, amaqela asebenza njengejelo lenxaxheba kwezobupolitika, aqhuba iintlanganiso, aqhuba iziqhubi, alungiselela amatsha - ntliziyo, yaye alungiselela ukuhlanganisa.

Indaleko Yemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika

Ukuqonda le ndaleko kusinceda siqonde isizathu sokuba amaqela anamhlanje ajongene neemeko ezintle zamaqela ezobupolitika nezolawulo lobuthixo nesizathu sokuba ezinye iidemokhrasi zilwe nzima ukugcina iinkqubo zamaqela ezisempilweni.

Indlela Amaqela Amandulo Ami ngayo: Ukusuka Kwinyaniso Ukuya Kwimibutho Yemithoba

Amaqela okuqala ezobupolitika avela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 nasekuqaleni kweye-19, ekuqaleni njengamaqela akhululekileyo eengangamsha aphikisana ngemigaqo-siseko. EUnited States, amaFederali kunye namaDemocratic-Republica amela imibono ekhuphisanayo yamandla karhulumente nenkqubela-phambili yezoqoqosho. La maqela angaphambili ayengenazibonelelo zesizwe, engenabulungu bulinganiselwe, kwaye axhomekeke ngokuyintloko kwiinkqubo zobuqu nakwizikhundla zamaphephandaba.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye1919, ukwanda kwetyala kunye nokunyuka kwezoqoqosho ezihambele phambili kwaguqula amaqela abasebenzi abalungelelaniswe ukuba ngamalungu antabalala. Ngokomzekelo, iDemocratic Party eUnited States, yakha ii-mfs ezibanzi zasekuhlaleni — "omatshini bezobupolitika" abadumileyo — abanikezela ngemisebenzi, iinkonzo, kunye nemisebenzi yentlalo etshintshiweyo yokuvota. Kwavela imizekelo efanayo eYurophu, apho inkcubeko kunye namaqela abasebenzi alungelelanisa abasebenzi babe zizintlukwano ezinkulu, eziqeqeshiweyo, iiklanshi, kunye nentsebenzi.

Eli xesha lakwakho ukusungulwa kwenkqubo yeqela. Kumazwe afana noManyano, amaqela aneziqu ezibini avelisa izakhiwo ezisesikweni zokukhetha umndilili, uphuhliso lwenkqubo, kunye nokuqokelela. Encyclopaedia Britannica[ iphawula ukuba inkqubo esesikweni yecandelo amabini yavela eBritane ngenxa yenkqubo yokhetho olukwicandelo elinye lomgangatho, ebangela ukuba amaqela amancinane akhuphele umbane, akhuthaza i-vociocess amaqela amancinci ajikeleza amantloko amabini.

Utshintsho Lwamashumi Amathandathu Eenkulungwane

Inkulungwane yamashumi amabini yazisa utshintsho olukhulu. Ukunyuka kwezixhobo ze-media ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi, ingakumbi umabonwakude, kwasusa ukujolisa kwingca elungelelaniswe ukuya kwiphulo lokuthatha inxaxheba. Imikhosi yazinziswa, iinkokeli zesizwe zilawula ukuthumelelana imiyalezo kunye nokuqokelela imali. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuwohloka kwezithethe zoluntu — udidi, unqulo, ubuhlanga — kwaludanisa umanyano phakathi kwamaqela kunye neenkqubano zawo ezingundoqo.

Kulawulo-melo oluninzi, amalungu eqela ancipha kakhulu emva koo1960. Abami baba ngabangafuni kungena emapati, ukuya kwiintlanganiso, okanye ukudibana ngamandla negama elithile. Kodwa amaqela ngokwawo avumelana, ephuculwa, efumana ubuchule nogcino-lwazi. Namhlanje amaqela axhomekeke kwii-database zovotelo oluntsonkothileyo, izibhengezo ezijoliswe kwintengiso, kunye nokukhuthuza kwezentlalo-ntle kunokuba aphumele kwiminyango kunye nemisebenzi yonxulumano.

Uphando lokuthelekisa lutyhila umahluko omkhulu kwindaleko yeqela. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezifana nezaseJamani, eItali, naseIndiya, amaqela aye aseka oorhulumente abamanyeneyo, efuna ukuxoxisana nokulalanisa ukuba iinkqubo eziziinxenye ezimbini maxa wambi zinqongophele. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amazwe anjengeJapan neMexico aye abona amaqela alawula amacala aphulukana nokubambelela kwawo emva kwamashumi eminyaka omthetho omnye, nto leyo ekhokelela kumaxesha okungena nokungena kweminye imo yobulungisa.

Inkqubo Yeqela Lexesha Elidluleyo Ehlabathini Lonke

Izazinzulu zezobupolitika zichaza iinkqubo zamahlelo ngamaqela ngamacala amaninzi. Owona mahluko uqhelekileyo wobuchule bokusebenzisa i-teyp.

  • Isixokelelwano secandelo elinye , apho elinye iqela lisebenzisa ulawulo olukufutshane nolonke kurhulumente nakwibutho labemi. Imizekelo iquka iTshayina (phantsi kweQela lobuKomanisi laseChina) neNorth Korea. Ngelixesha ezi nkqubo zingenalo ukhuphiswano lwedemokhrasi, zisoloko zigcina izicwangciso zobuntabalala ukwenzela ukuqokelelwa koquququzelela uqulunqi nokhuthulo oluphezulu.
  • Iinkqubo zecandelo elikwindawo encinci, apho amaqela amaninzi ekhona kodwa elinye iqela liphumelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumaxesha ande. I-African National Congress (ANC) yaba namandla kangangamashumi amathathu eminyaka emva kocalucalulo, nangona unyulo lwakutshanje luye lwarhoxa ulawulo lwalo. I-Hupto People’s Action Party iveza iqela elilawula ngokusemthethweni ngokhuphiswano olunamandla lwezoqoqosho kwaye lulawula ukhuphiswano oluno olunonono olufuna unyulo.
  • Iinkqubo ezimbini ezizinxenye, ezifumaneka eUnited States, eUnited Kingdom, namanye amazwe ambalwa. Amaqela amabini angundoqo ayatshintshana kumandla, ngelixesha amaqela amancinane enqabile ukuphumelela izihlalo ezaneleyo zokulawula. Abagxeki baphikisa ngelithi iinkqubo ezinjalo zimisela ukhetho lovoti kwaye zicime ezinye iimbono, ngoxa abaxhasi bephawula ukuba zivelisa oorhulumente abazinzileyo, abanecandelo elinye abanobutyala obucacileyo.
  • [[NTL:0] Iinkqubo ze-Multiparte ziqhelekile kwidemokhrasi zepalamente zisebenzisa umelo lolungelelwaniso. Amazwe anjengeJamani, iSweden, neNetherlands anamaqela amaninzi amele iingcamango ezahlukeneyo nezilangazelelo ezisekelwe kulwazi. Ii-Mazwana zingumthetho, ezifuna amaqela athethana angenelwayo kwaye alalanise. Oku kungavelisa iziphumo ezithe chatha kodwa kwakhona kungxengxengenwa kukungavumelani kwemibutho.

Impembelelo Kulawulo Lwedemokhrasi

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphembelela wonke umqathango wolawulo-demokhrasi, ukusuka kumgangatho wokumela ukuya kubuchule bokwenza inkqubo. Impembelelo yawo ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye ayikhathali; ixhomekeke ekuyilweni kwebutho, kwinkcubeko yeqela, nakwimeko-bume yentlalo.

Ukuphelisa Inxaxheba Nezopolitiko

Izibonelelo zinika indlela efikelelekayo kubemi abaqhelekileyo ukuphembelela ezopolitiko. Ngokuthelela kwiqela, ukuya kuvotelwa ngaphakathi, okanye ukubonelela, abantu banokubumba iqonga leqela kunye nesileti esibhalelweyo. Iqela leqela, elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi, livumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe ngokuthe ngqo oosomashishini babo, ukwanda kwenxaxheba kwimityani.

Imikhosi iqinisekisa ukuba amaqela ahlukeneyo oluntu afumana umelo. Kwimimandla emininzi yolawulo-melo, uluhlu lweqela luquka iiphawulo zamabhinqa, amaqela amancinane esizwe, okanye abameli bengingqi. Umzekelo, iGerman Social Democratic Party (SPD) igcine ixesha elide ikhethelo ngokwesini nakumntu oza kungenelwayo, kwaye i-Indiya National Congress igcine izihlalo kumaqela aphantsi. Uphando olusuka kwi- iPlatellitical Science Review[[ yeP] ibonisa ukuba ukuqwalaselwa kweqela elinamandla ngevoti ephezulu, ulwazi lwezopolitiko, kunye nengqalelo kwimicimbi kawonke.

Uphuhliso loMgaqo-nkqubo oCwangcisiweyo

Izibonelelo ziguqulela izigunyaziso zokhetho kwimithetho yekonkrithi. Xa iqela liphumelela, iqonga lalo lokhetho liba yiplani yesenzo sikarhulumente. Kwiinkqubo zepalamente, umboniso weqela usoloko usebenza njengesivumelwano esibophelelayo nabavoti, kwaye ukuphambuka kulo kungasohlwaywa kunyulo olulandelayo.

Ukwenziwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo phakathi kwamaqela kubandakanya ingxoxo yangaphakathi, ukucebisana kwingcali, nokuxoxa namaqela abantu abanomdla. Iintlanganiso zikarhulumente kufuneka zilungelelanise ukunyuswa kweengcamango nolawulo olusebenzisekayo, ngokufuthi olukhokelela ekulalanisiseni okuphazamisa abaxhasi kodwa kuvelise imithetho esebenzayo. Inkqubo yowiso-mthetho incedayo kwingqeqesho yeqela, eqinisekisa ukuba iindleko zidlule kwipalamente ngaphandle kokuphambuka okuzinzileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kusebenze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo karhulumente.

Noko ke, impembelelo yeqela kumgaqo-nkqubo isenokuba yeyongxaki. Iingxoxo zeqela elivalelweyo, inkxaso yemali evela kwiqumrhu labanikeli bequmrhu, kunye nempembelelo yeqela eliphezulu lingavelisa iinkqubo ezinceda abangaphakathi kunokuba zivezwe ngokubanzi. Indima ekhulayo yemali kwezobupolitika — ii-PACs ezinkulu, iminikelo engaziwayo, kunye nokutsala izicelo — zisongela ukugqwetha izinto eziphambili kwiqela, ucelomngeni oluxutyushwa ngokweenkcukacha ezingezantsi.

Ukuphendula kunye nomatshini wokubonisa ngaphaya

Amaqela ezobupolitika aphambili ahamba ngezithuthi ezifuna ukuphenduliswa amagosa. Amavoters ajonga amaqela njengeqela: ukuba uqoqosho aluphumeleli kakuhle okanye kuvela ihlazo, iqela elilawulayo liyabandezeleka ekuvotelweni. Oku kuvota kwangaphambili kubangela amaqela ajonge phambili ukuhambisa iziphumo nokuphepha ukuziphatha okubi okungalinganiyo.

Iinkqubo zamaqela angaphakathi zikhuthaza ukuphendula. Iinkokeli zamaqela zingawaqeqesha amalungu aqhawula amaqela, kwaye iingxaki eziphambili zivumela abavoti ukuba bagxothe abantu abaphambukayo kwimigaqo yeqela. Kumazwe anemibutho eqinileyo, njengeLiberal Democrat ye-Democratic Party yaseSweden, amacandelo angaphakathi anika uhlolo kwinkokeli nokuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezahlukeneyo ziyaviwa.

Ukubonisa ngaphaya kolwazi, nokokuba, kuhlala kungucelomngeni oluzingisileyo. Imali yecandelo lokuxhasa imali isoloko ithe nqo, neminikelo yenkampani yezezimali, kunye ne "imali emnyama" equkunjelwa ngamaqokobhe. Ingxelo engu-2021 ivela kwi- i-International [ ifumanise ukuba intlawulo yemali ebuthathaka kwisebe ledemokhrasi ezininzi iphelisa ukuthemba kukawonke wonke kwiqela kwaye inika ukonakala. Ukuqinisa iimfuno zentelelo kunye neminikelo exhobisayo zilulo oluyimfuneko ekulondolozeni ingqibelelo yedemokhrasi esekelwe kwiqela.

Ucelomngeni Olujamelene Nemida Yezobupolitika Yanamhlanje

Phezu kwayo nje indima yabo ephambili, amaqela ezobupolitika namhlanje ajamelana nocelomngeni olunzulu oluthi lubangele ukuba angakwazi ukuphumelela nokufaneleka. Ukuqonda ezi ngxaki kubalulekile kuye nabani na oxhalabele ikamva lolawulo lwedemokhrasi.

Ukwenziwa Kwenkcazelo Yezobupolitika Nokuxinana

Ukwenziwa kwentsingiselo yolwandiso kulawulo-moya oluninzi, ingakumbi i-United States. Imikhosi yecawa iye yaqhekeka ngokuhambelana ngokweengcamango, ithe yaneengcinga ezimbalwa ezilungele ukunqamleza imigca yeqela. Le ntsingiselo iqhutywa ziimeko ezininzi: ukhetho lwendawo, apho abantu bahlala phakathi kwabamelwane abanezimvo ezifana nezazo; amajelo akhuthaza iinkolelo ezikhoyo; kunye nonyulo oluphambili olukhuthaza abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba bathathe izikhundla ezigqithisileyo.

Imiphumo yokuhlaliswa kwemimandla engaphandle yelizwe inzima. Imithetho ye-grid lock ithintela inyathelo lokucinezela imicimbi efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, izibonelelo, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezonyango. Amandla olawulo anwenwa njengoomongameli kunye neenkokeli zeepalamente ngemiyalelo nemiyalelo yesebe eliphetheyo. Ukukholosa ngemiqathango karhulumente, kwaye abemi bayayigxeka idemokhrasi ngokwayo. Uphando lweProputezi yophando [ lufumanise ukuba isabelo samaMerika anembono egxeka kakhulu kwiqela eliphikisanayo siye saphinda-phinda-phinda-phinda-phinda kane ukususela ngo-1990, abahlali bebonakalisa ukungavumelani okunzulu ngokweemvakalelo kunokuba kungquzukiswana nje.

Ukudideka Kwezinto Ezininzi Nokuncitshiswa Kwethemba

Abemi abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba amaqela ezobupolitika awamelanga zona. Le mvakalelo ingakumbi kubantu abaselula, abantu abambalwa, abantu abavela ebala, nabo bafumana ingeniso ephantsi. Imikhosi ibonwa njengethinjwe ziincutshe, ijoliswe kubantu abanikelayo, kwaye ikhutshwe kwimicimbi yemihla ngemihla. I-Voter ibhabhe kwimimandla emininzi yedemokhrasi, ngoxa ikhula okanye ikhula kancinane kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ihlala ingaphantsi kwembali kumazwe amaninzi.

Amaqela ovavanyo kunye nentsebenziswano echasene nokumiswa zifake ingqwalaselo kuludano. EYurophu, amaqela afana neNational Rly, Isebe leJamani leNkwenkwezi Ezintlanu zenkwenkwezi lifumene ulwahlulo ngokuzibeka ngokwawo njengoongaphandle belucel ’ umngeni udidi lwezopolitiko olulonakalisayo. Ngeli lixa le ntshukumo inokuthi ifake iingcamango ezintsha kwinkqubo, maxa wambi ithoba imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi ngokuhlasela amaziko kunye nokusasaza inkohliso.

Impembelelo Yemali Kwezobupolitika

Iindleko zephulo ziye zanyuka ehlabathini lonke, zinyanzelisa amaqela ukuba athembele kwizityebi, kwimibutho, nakumaqela enzala. EUnited States, iZinga eliPhakamileyo leNkundla elinguManyeneyo (2010) lavula umnyango wokusebenzisa imali engenasiphelo ngamaqumrhu nemibutho, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekudlondlobozeleni kwezibhengezo zobupolitika. Unyulo lwase-U.2020 lwase-U.U.S. luxabisa malunga ne-R34 lamawaka ezigidi, ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ku-2016.

Oku kuxinzelelwana kwemali kwezobupolitika kudala iingxaki ezininzi. Abantu abaninzi abanikela ngezonyango balindele ukufumaneka nokufumana izibonelelo, inkqubo enokuba luncedo kwizityebi. Abangenayo imizabalazo yezikhuphiswano ezityebileyo yokukhuphisana, ukuncina abathathi-nxaxheba. Ukungakholelwa kukawonke-wonke kuyakhula xa abavoti beqonda ukuba unyulo luthengwa kunokuba bafumane ngokuncedwa.

Utshintsho luyenzeka kodwa kunzima ngokwezobupolitika. Imali yamaphulo kawonke-wonke, njengoko kusenziwa kumazwe anjengeJamani neSweden, inciphisa ukuthembela kwimali yabucala. Imiqathango engqongqo yomnikelo neemfuno zokutyhila, ezinyanzeliswa ngamaqumrhu azimeleyo, zingathintela ukuxhatshazwa okubi kakhulu. Imibutho yezizwe ngezizwe enjenge yeInternational Institute for Democratic and Electoral Consolation (IDA) ilandela imikhwa engcono yehlabathi lonke kwaye inika uncedo lobugcisa kumazwe afuna ukuphucula imithetho yawo yezemali yezobupolitika.

Ikamva Lemibhiyozo Yezobupolitika Kwihlabathi Elitshintshayo

Utshintsho lomgangatho, ukuphazamiseka kobugcisa, kunye notshintsho lwemilinganiselo yentlalo yasekuhlaleni luza kunyanzela amaqela ezobupolitika ukuba alungelelanise okanye angabi nabungozi. Amaqela asebenza kakuhle kumashumi eminyaka azayo azakuba ngalawo amkela utshintsho ngexa ehlala esekelwe kwimisebenzi yawo yedemokhrasi esemgangathweni.

Ukuqhelanisa notshintsho lobuxhakaxhaka

Izizukulwana eziselula — iMillennials and Generation Z — zingafani, azifuni nkonzo yaye azithandabuzi amaziko angokwesithethe kunalawo angaphambili. Zikwangabantu bomthonyama abalindele ukuganana ngekhompyutha ngaphandle kweminxeba. Amadangali amele avelise izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo zokucwangcisa umatshini, ukusuka kwiiapps ezisebenzisa iselula ukuze zibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni ukuya kumaphulo okubala aphakathi athetha ngabantu abaselula.

Kwangaxeshanye, amatheko ajongene nocelomngeni lokulwa nobuxoki kunye nokungaqondwa. Amaqonga olwazi lwezentlalo anokukwandisa iingxelo zobuxoki, ukuhlwayela icandelo, kunye nokuthoba ukuthembana kwiinkqubo zonyulo. Amatheko kufuneka afake inxaxheba ekuqinisekiseni inyani, ukukhanya, kunye namanyathelo okukhusela intetho yedemokhrasi.

Utshintsho lobomi bumntu lukwathetha ukuba amaqela kufuneka abonise ukwahluka-hluka konyulo. Ukumelo lwamabhinqa, amaqela amancinane, kunye nabantu abakwizikolo zobupolisa kunye nezikolo ezifuna ukunyulwa asingombandela nje wokusesikweni; luchaphazela ukuthembeka kweqela nokhupho olukhethiweyo.

Ukukhuthaza Ubudlelane Nezingcambu Zokuthabatha Inxaxheba

Ukuphinda kwakhiwe ukuthembana nokubuyiselwa umva kokuncipha kwamalungu, amaqela kufuneka abe avulekile naqukayo. Oku kuthetha ukwehlisa imiqobo yokungena kumalungu aqhelekileyo, ukunika amasebe obulali amandla, nokuvumela ukuba nenxaxheba enentsingiselo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubo kunye nokukhethwa komkhuphiswano. I-Online primrimery, iintlanganiso zokuphulaphula uluntu, kunye nohlahlo-hlolo olukhutshiweyo lunganika amalungu ilizwi lokwenene.

Amanye amaqela aye azama iindlela ezintsha. IPodemos yaseSpeyin isebenzisa amaqonga kwi-intanethi apho amalungu evota ngqo kwizigqibo ezingundoqo. Iqela leLiberal laseKhanada libanjwe kwi-intanethi ukuphuhlisa iqonga lalo lama-2019, ukutsala amashumi amawaka amacebiso. Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba ubugcisa bungenza ukuba kubekho inxaxheba enzulu, hayi nje ukurhoxa kwemiyalezo ephezulu.

Uqinisa i-Democratic Nomfono- nxibelelwano

Ekugqibeleni, impilo yeqela ledemokhrasi ixhomekeke ekuzibopheleleni kwimilinganiselo yedemokhrasi efanayo: ukuhlonela iziphumo zonyulo, ukunyamezela inkcaso, ukulawulwa ngokunyanisekileyo, nokudluliselwa koxolo kwegunya. Ukusetyenziswa kwedemokhrasi kuyazitshabalalisa ezi zithethe, kodwa amaqela anokuthabatha amanyathelo okuzimisela ukuzilungisa.

Ingxoxo enqamlezayo, njenge Inter- Party Discope eKenya okanye iSincoko sesizwe eSkotlani, inika ingxubusho kwezopolitiko ukusuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo ukuxubusha imicimbi yengxabano ngaphandle koxinzelelo lokhuphiswano olunyuliweyo. Iinguqu zequmrhu, ezifana neekhomishini ezizimeleyo zokulungisa ipetroli kunye nomelo lolwahlulo, zinganciphisa izikhuthazo ezigqwethekileyo ezidibanisa amafutha.

Abahlali nabo banendima abamele bayidlale. Ukuthelela kwitheko, ukuya kwiintlanganiso zasekuhlaleni nokuvota kwizindlu eziphezulu zizenzo eziqinisa ukuphendula kwedemokhrasi. Abavoti abanolwazi abahlawula intsebenziswano nabagatya iingcinga ezigabadelekileyo banokuphinda basebenzise impembelelo yeqela ephambili ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Isiphelo

Amaqela ezobupolitika ahlala ebaluleke kakhulu kulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Abumba unyulo, alungelelanisa urhulumente, amele iinjongo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye anokukwazi ukuphendula. Kodwa ukuphumelela kwawo kuxhomekeke ekuqhubekeni kulwamkelo oluqhubekayo notshintsho. Ucelomngeni lokuhlala ungekho kwicala lasekuhlaleni, ukudidensiswa, kunye nemali kwezobupolitika lunzulu kodwa alunakuthinteleka. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yobuchule yokuzibandakanya ngokunyanisekileyo, nokusebenzisa imigaqo-demokhrasi, amaqela angavuselela indima yawo ebalulekileyo ekulungiseni idemokhrasi ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo. Ukuba ngumxhasi weqela elisebenzayo — ngaphandle kwebhokisi yebhoti — ngumpheleli obalulekileyo wotshintsho. Idemokhrasi ifuna ukuba amalungu onamandla kunye nomntu ofundileyo, obandakanye nonolwazi.