Impembelelo Yokunyanzeliswa Komthetho

Amaqumrhu okunyanzelisa ukhuseleko loluntu nokuthobelana kwamapolisa nakweliphi na ibutho lanamhlanje. Ukusuka kumacandelo asekuhlaleni ukuya kumaqumrhu oluntu aphandayo, le mibutho isebenza ngokusebenza ngokuntsonkothileyo ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho, ekubambeni izaphuli-mthetho, nasekulondolozeni imvakalelo yokhuseleko evumela uluntu luphumelele. Ukusebenza kwala masebe kulawula amanani olwaphulo-mthetho, ukuthembana nomgangatho wobomi. Oku kuhlolisisa oku kudityaniswe ngemisebenzi emininzi yamaziko agunyazisa umthetho, iindlela abasebenzisa ngazo ukuphembelela umthetho nocwangco, iingxaki abajamelana nazo, kunye namaqhinga achaza ulawulo lwanamhlanje.

Imisebenzi ye-Core yeNkqubo yoKhuthazo

Amaziko anyanzelisayo akakho amaziko asebenzayo; aquka uluhlu oluninzi lwemizimba efana namapolisa kamasipala, i-herpist ̱ iiofisi, ii-ofisi, ii-odokisi zikarhulumente, amasebe karhulumente afana neFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), iDirkorcement Administration (DEA), kunye neenkqubo ezilawulayo ezifana ne-Secuties kunye neKhomishoni (SEC). Nangona zikho ii-ofisi zolawulo ezahlukeneyo, zabelana iimbopheleleko eziliqela ezingundoqo ezixhasa umthetho.

Ukuwohloka kolwaphulo-mthetho nokuthintelwa

Ubukho bomthetho obonakalayo bokugcina umthetho buhlala bungenye yezithintelo ezisebenzayo kumsebenzi wolwaphulo-mthetho. Iingingqi ezicwangcisiweyo kwimimandla ephezulu ebangela ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukunyanzelisa iitrafiki, nokusetyenziswa kwemodeli zamapolisa ezixelwe kwangaphambili kunceda ukunciphisa amathuba ezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, Kanstas City Preventive Patrol Application kwii-1970] umboniso wokuba amajoni andandisiwe anokucutha uloyiko lolwaphulo-mthetho, kwanokuba iziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho zidityanisiwe. Ngoku kusetyenziswa kwemichiza yanamhlanje kusetyenziswa ubuchule bokulinda kunye nolwando lwendawo yogcino-data-ovimba-omatilo.

Uphando Lwezaphuli - mthetho Nesigqibo Setyala

Umsebenzi wophando ubalulekile ekuziseni abasebenzi bezomthetho. Iziko liqesha abacuphi, iingcaphephe, kunye nabahlalutyi ukuqokelela ubungqina, amangqina, kunye nolwakhiwo olumelana nohlolo olusemthethweni. Izinga lokuthelekelela [.

Ukuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka nokhuseleko loluntu

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kusoloko kungumsamkeli wokuqala kwiimeko zongxamiseko ukusuka kwintlekele zemvelo ukuya kwiimeko ezisebenzayo. Amaxesha okuphendula ngokukhawuleza kungekuphela nje kusindisa ubomi kodwa kwakhona kuqinisa ukuthembana kwabantu. Amasebe amaninzi aye amkela inkqubo yesizwe yolawulo (NTLM) ye- ukuqhubana nomlilo, ezezamayeza, nezinye iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngexesha leziganeko ezinkulu. Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nokuvelelwa kakuhle kwemithetho ecwangcisiweyo zibalulekile ekunciphiseni isiphithiphithiphithi nokukhusela uluntu.

Umanyano nomanyano loluntu

Amapolisa anamhlanje ayaqonda ukuba ukuthembana phakathi kwamagosa kunye nabantu abasebenza nabo kuyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe umthetho osebenzayo. Iinkqubo zoluntu, ezifana neenkqubo zokugada abamelwane, ukubekwa kwee-ofisi zoovimba besikolo, kunye namabhunga akhuthaza abami, kuyila imijelo yokuncokola nentsebenziswano. Iinkonzo eziphuhlisa ulwalamano zibona ukwanda kolwaphulo-mthetho, intsebenziswano yoluntu, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemizwano ngexesha lolawulo.

Impembelelo Elinganiswayo Kumlinganiselo Wolwaphulo - mthetho

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba amaziko alungelelaniswa kakuhle, aqeqeshwe kakuhle angathoba kakhulu umlinganiselo wolwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa ubuchule bungaqondwa. Ulwalamano phakathi kobukho bamapolisa nolwaphulo-mthetho alunamigca; luxhomekeke kwicebo, imeko-bume yoluntu, kunye nendalo yetyala.

Ipolisa lepokotho elishushu kunye neNjongo ejoliswe kuyo

Iqumrhu elingqongqo lobungqina lixhasa amachaphaza aphezulu amapolisa .

Izakhono eziProjective Sync

Ingcamango eyaphukileyo yeefestile, exhaphakileyo ngoo 1980, iphikisa ngelithi ukuqhekeza kwizenzo ezincinane ezinjengobundlavini kunye nokungalungelelani kwabantu, kubonakalisa ulawulo lwendawo engqongileyo oluzizinzileyo oluthintelayo ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu. Ngelixesha impikiswano./a kwaye ijongwe ngokukhokelela kwimimandla encinane, "iiindawo ezithile zolawulo zixelwe ukuhla kwemibango" ezinye iingxelo zomlinganiselo wefeyiloni xa zidibene nolawulo loluntu. Indlela enobuchule obungakumbi yokulawula ingulo problem-evestievery polition (PO), efuna ukuba abaphathi bahlolisise iingxaki eziqhubekayo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nezicombululo. I-CPT ibonise ukunciphisa iingxelo zenkonzo ezithe zaphucukunye.

Ukwakha Intembelo Kuwonke Wonke Njengesixhobo Sokukhusela Ulwaphulo - mthetho

Umthetho kunye nokulunga komthetho kunamandla ekulawuleni ulwaphulo-mthetho. Xa uluntu lukholelwa ukuba ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, basengozini yokuvumelana nemithetho, ukuxela ulwaphulo-mthetho, nokusebenzisana ekuphengululeni. I-National Academie School of Science, Engineering, kunye neMedicinel ipapashe uhlolo olubanzi kuma-2022] lokugqiba kwelokuba ukubekwa amapolisa enyanisweni kunxulumene ngqo nomlinganiselo osezantsi wolwaphulo-mthetho, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezilawulwa yimfuno-siseko seSizwe. I-ATreququ ezingenisa uqeqesho kwikhethelo olupheleleyo, ukukhuthulwa kobungcaci, ukuhla, kunye nonxibelelwano olunentlonelo lubone impumelelo enyanileyo kukhuseleko lukawonke.

Ubuncwane bangaphandle kwezi ziphumo: iProfestial Prefect: Iziphumo kuCrime kunye neMibutho (Izikolo zamazwe).

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Olujamelene Nemigudu Yanamhlanje

Phezu kwayo nje indima yayo ebalulekileyo, imibutho egcina umthetho isebenza phantsi kwemiqathango ephawulekayo enokudodobalisa ulwalamano loluntu olunempumelelo noluneentseleleko.

Inkcitho yemali

Iingcinezelo zoqingqo-mali kwimigangatho yasekuhlaleni, yesizwe, neyamagunya alawulayo zishiya abameli abaninzi bengaphantsi kwentsebenziswano nabangaxhotyisiweyo. Uphando lwe-Prolice Provices Groupment Forum (PERPF)[FF:1] luchazwe ngo-2023 ukuba ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi kwamagosa omkhosi kunye nokurhoxa komhlalaphantsi kuqeshwa ngaphezu kwe-United States, nto leyo ekhokelela kumaxesha okuphendula amade, okunciphisa amajoni omkhosi, kunye nonyuko oluphezulu lwexabiso lombane. Uphatho lweenkonzo lwasemaphandleni kunye noluphantsi lwasekuhlaleni luchaphazekile ngokungenakusetyenziswa ekukhuselekeni kuluntu. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso eyaneleyo yokuqeshwa kwabasebenzi, uqeqesho, kunye nezixhobo zangoku, ukupheliswa komsebenzi.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho

Iziganeko eziphezulu ezibandakanya ukusebenzisa amandla, ucalucalulo lobuhlanga, kunye nokungalawuleki ziye zakhuthaza ukungaqiniseki okusasazekileyo kumthetho onyanzelekileyo. Uhlolisiso oluwenziwe liZiko lophando lwePew lubonisa ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo kunye nolwahlulo lobuhlanga kumgangatho wokuthemba: ngowama-2020, kuphela 48% yabaMlabhuki baseMelika ababonisa ukuthemba amapolisa, xa kuthelekiswa no 89% wabasebenzi be-White Republics. Imbono engalunganga inciphisa intsebenziswano, ulwando olukhulayo ngexesha loqhagamshelwano, kwaye yenza ukhuthalo lube nzima ngakumbi. Ukuthemba kufuna ukuvela ngokuzinziswa kwemiba, ukuphendula okuzinzileyo, kunye neziguqulo ezinika umdla.

Iindawo zokuqeqesha kunye nemigangatho yokuphendula

Uqeqesho olusemgangathweni sisiseko sobuchule bobupolisa, kodwa amaqumrhu amaninzi azama ukunikezela iiyure ezaneleyo okanye ukufikelela kucwangciso lokufundisa. Ubuchule bokuchanaba, ungenelelo lweengxaki zengqondo, kunye nobuchule benkcubeko busoloko bufundiswa ngokuncinane. Iinkqubo zokuphendula ngokweziqu zomzimba, iinkqubo zokuphatha ezizimeleyo, kunye nokunika ulwamkelo olubanzi olubanzi. Iinkqubo ezinika ulwazelelelo olunamandla zibona izikhalazo ezincinci kunye nokuthembeka okukhulu koluntu. Iziko lohlanga lwezobulungisa

Impilo Yengqondo Neengxaki Zokusabela

Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuya kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo njengomncedi ongagqibekanga kwiimeko zempilo yengqondo, kwiingxaki zeziyobisi, kunye neengxaki zokungabi namakhaya. Amagosa asoloko engalufumani uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokusingatha ezi meko ngokukhuselekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezilusizi. Amasebe amaninzi ngoku aqhuba amaqela okungenelela (CLT) amagosa ababini kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo. Ugcino-lwazi lwangaphambili kwiinkqubo ezikwizixeko ezifana nePortland neDenver lubonisa ukucuthwa, ukuhla kwezibhedlele, ukuhla kwezibhedlele, kunye nokugcinwa kwemali okunentsingiselo.

Ukomeleza Ulwalamano Lwabantu Nokuthembana

Ukwakha nokugcina intembelo yabo ngokuzithandela kufuna imigudu eqhubekayo engaphaya kweyokuthetha.

Ukuqheliselwa Kwamagosa

Amapolisa oluntu agxininisa unxulumano oluzinzileyo phakathi kwabemi kunye nabaphathi. Kubandakanya ukujikeleza kweenyawo, izitishi ezigcina iimpahla, neentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo ezinxulumene nabemi apho banokuvakalisa inkxalabo yabo. Kwizixeko ezifana ne- i-Redndo Beach, iKhalifoniya , amanyathelo amapolisa anxulumene nonciphiso lwama-30% kumanxeba okusebenza iminyaka emithathu. Abaphathi abayaziyo iimpembelelo zasekuhlaleni banokuthintela iingxabano ngaphambi kokuba zikhule.

Ulwabelo lokucace gca nogcino-lwazi

Ukuvula imigaqo-nkqubo yeziko, ukusebenzisa iziganeko zomkhosi, ugcino-lwazi lokukhalaza, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kwabiwa kolwabelo. Abameli abaninzi ngoku bapapasha iibhodi ezincinane ezihamba phambili ezilandelela isantya esinjenge-stat- kunye ne-frisk, amaqondo okubanjwa kwamanani, kunye nokudubula okusukruthwayo kwabaphathi. Uphando lwe-ewodwa lubonisa ukuba abameli abanezikhalazo ezicace ngokucacileyo babona ukuthembana koluntu kwanokuba izikhalazo zanda, logama inkqubo ithelekelelwa njengefanelekileyo.

Idala Iiseti zengxelo yotyiso

Amasebe asebenzayo amisela iindlela ezisesikweni zolwazi lwengingqi yoluntu, njengeebhodi zohlolo lwabemi, uhlolo lwe-intanethi, kunye neentlanganiso zeholo yedolophu. Ukufuya kufuneka kukhokelele kutshintsho olubonakalayo kwinkqubo okanye ukuqhelisa ukubonisa ukusabela. IPolice Foundation [ngoku iSiko seSizwe sePolicialfication] sivelise izixhobo zokusebenzisa iinkqubo zentengiselwano zoluntu eziphucula ukwenziwa komsebenzi nokuncitshiswa kwemizwano.

Utshintsho lomthetho onyanzelisayo owenziwa ngobugcisa

Ubugcisa buye batshintsha phantse zonke iinkalo zamapolisa, bunika izixhobo ezinamandla kwaye buphakamisa imibuzo emitsha ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Imisebenzi esebenzisa ubugcisa ngobunono ingenza ubuchule obuninzi ngoxa ikhusela inkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Isalathisi somsebenzi wePhondo

I-software yokuzoba ulwaphulo-mthetho eqhubela phambili, enjenge PROD kunye .HunchLab, isebenzisa ugcino-lwazi lwembali kunye nomatshini ukufunda ukuxela kwangaphambili apho kwaye xa ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokwenzeka. Ngelixesha ezi zixhobo zinceda ukunikezela amajoni ngempumelelo, abagxeki balumkisa ngemicimbi ye-algorithi enokuthi iqinisekise imisebenzi ye-discrini yocation. I-Proquation kufuneka iqhube uphicotho lwezibalo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimodefini aziwa.

Ikhamera-yomzimba noxanduva

Iikhamera zomzimba (BWCs) ziye zaba zizixhobo eziqhelekileyo kumasebe amaninzi. I-meta-analysis epapashwe kwi- Journal of Application Criminology ifumene ukuba i-BWC inciphisa ukusebenzisa iziganeko zomsebenzi nge 37% kunye nezikhalazo ngokuchasene nabaphathi ngee-50%. Noko ke, impumelelo ixhomekeke kwimigaqo ecacileyo malunga nalapho iikhamera kufuneka zibe khona, indlela ezigotywa ngayo, kwaye ubani onokuzifikelela ngayo. I-Profishini emkela iinkqubo ze-BWC ngolawulo oluvuselekileyo kunye nolwazi oluneziphumo ezingcono.

Ubuchule bokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nokuqwalasela

Abantu abafunda ipleyiti yelayisensi, ukuqwalaselwa kobuso, ii-drones, kunye neenkqubo zokufumana iimbumbulu (njenge-ShotSpotter) zinika uluvo olungazange lubekho kwimeko engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. Kodwa ezi zixhobo zobugcisa zikwanyusa inkxalabo yezobuqu kunye nezokuHlomelo lwesine. Izixeko ezininzi ziye zadlulisela imithetho ethintela ukusetyenziswa kobuso, ukucaphula uphando olubonisa iimpazamo eziphezulu kubantu abanemibala. Amaqumrhu asebenza nabameli bemithetho enzelwe amalungelo abantu, nemibutho yasekuhlaleni ukuvelisa imigaqo elungelelanisa ukhuseleko nenkululeko yasekuhlaleni.

Kukujonga okunzulu: Imithetho eququzelelayo kunye ne-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ikamva Lemibandela Enyanzeliswayo: Ukuqhelana Nehlabathi Elitshintshayo

Le nkulungwane yama - 21 ifuna ukuba umthetho uqhubeke usebenza ukuze uhlangabezane neengxaki ezintsha ngoxa ungekho kwinjongo yawo.

Indlela zokufikelela ezicazululiweyo, ezizintlu- ezininzi

Imibandela entsonkothileyo enjenge-ibhrashi, ukurhwebelana kwabantu, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo lwamazwe ngamazwe ifuna intsebenziswano kwiimithetho nakumacandelo. Imikhosi yomsebenzi edibanisa amapolisa asekuhlaleni namasebe karhulumente, amaqabane ehlabathi, kunye neengcali zokhuseleko lwezikomfama ngamacandelo obuqu ziya zisiba yinto eqhelekileyo. Amaziko e-Fusiontion anceda ulwazi lwabelana, ngoxa uqeqesho oludibeneyo lwakha umanyano. Indawo yokufudusa ukhuseleko lweHomeland ̱ i-Cybersecurity kunye ne-Infraultrustealal Security Agency (CIS) [FUSA:1] ibonelela ugcino-mali olulungiso lokwakha iinkqubo ezinjalo zolwakhiwo lwezi.

Ukuhambelana neSebe lezeMpilo yeMicimbi yeNkcubeko neNtlalo

Amaziko amaninzi asebenza ngokuqhubekayo abasebenzi bezentlalo, amaziko onyango, nabacebisi bezonyango lweziyobisi abasebenza kunye namagosa ajikelezayo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne- CAHOOTS (Crisis Uncedo Loncedo Oluluncedo Out On the Streets) e-Eugene, eOregon, zithumela ummeli nomqeshwa osebenza ngengxaki yempilo yengqondo endaweni yamapolisa, nto leyo ephumela ekubambeni amanani aphantsi kunye neziphumo ezingcono.

Ukwamkela Ubuxhakaxhaka Bobuxhakaxhaka Bolawulo Olunamandla

Amaqumrhu exesha elizayo aza kuxhomekeka kakhulu kubukrelekrele obungebobobobobom, kumaziko olwaphulo-mthetho lokwenene, nakwinkqubo ezisetyenziswa ngabantu. Kodwa ubugcisa bodwa abusiso isicombululo. Ulawulo oluquka ukuvelela koluntu, ukuvavanya okunyanzelisa ukucinezelwa kobuntlola, kunye neemiqathango yokutshona kwelanga kwizixhobo ezintsha zokuhlola. Iinkqubo ezifaka ungeniso kulwamkelo lobugcisa olufanelekileyo ziya kulondoloza inkxaso kawonke-wonke wonke kwaye ziphephe ukusetyenziswa kwexabiso elibiza imali eninzi.

Isiphelo

Amaziko anyanzelisayo ayimfuneko ekulondolozeni umthetho nocwangco. Impembelelo yawo isuka ekunqandeni okunzima kwendlela ukuya kuphando oluntsonkothileyo, ukusuka ekusabeleni kongxamiseko ukuya kulwakhiwo lwexesha elide loluntu. Kodwa asebenza phakathi kolawulo olubalulekileyo, ukungaqiniseki koluntu, kunye nokutshintsha kwemeko-bume zoluntu. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina obusekelwe kwimithetho yomthetho. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezikhoyo zokusebenza ngokushushu, umanyano loluntu, ukubonakala ngokucacileyo, kunye nobugcisa bezentelekelelo lwemeko-ntle, ukusetyenziswa kwemibutho yezentengiso, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela elungelelenqena kobukhobo kwaye basebenze ngokunempumelelo. Ikamva lokhuseleko loluntu alixhomekengaxhomekenga kugunya lokugcinwa komthetho kodwa kwi-CMbali womthetho nokusebenzelana. [Madmignetic]