Ukutya neziselo ezikhoyo kubafundi ebudeni bemini yesikolo zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imikhwa yabo yokutya, ukusebenza kwemfundo, kunye neziphumo zempilo ende. Ngoxa imigaqo karhulumente enjenge-Heolders - Hunger Kids Act ingummiselo wesbaseline yezokondla, yimigaqo-nkqubo yendawo apho imigaqo yezonyango ihlola indlela ezichanekileyo ngayo ezi migangatho kwaye enoba ngaba iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhetha zingenazezempilo zingenazondlo. Iintlanganiso zesikolo, amabhunga eedolophu, kunye namasebe ezonyango ezonyango emfundo ekhoyo asebenzisa igunya elibalulekileyo kwiisivumelwano, ukubekwa kwezixhobo zemali, ukuqokelela imithetho exhasa inkxaso-mali, kunye nemfundo yezemfundo yezokondle. Xa aba badlali basekuhlaleni besenza inkqubela engokwenzululwazi esekelwe kwizonyango, badala inkqubela ekhoyo kwinkqubela-mekobume yezonyango.

Indima Esisiseko Yemithetho Yasekuhlaleni Kuyololongo Lwesikolo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni isebenza njengesiseko somzabalazo olawula iinjongo ezibanzi zokutya okunesondlo kwizikolo. Ngokungafaniyo nemiyalelo karhulumente esenokuthabatha iminyaka ukuhlaziya, imigaqo yasekuhlaleni ingatshintshwa ngokukhawuleza ukuze ibonise ezona zinto ziphambili entlalweni, ukuvela kophando, nokutshintsha kweendawo zokutya. Umzekelo, isithili sesikolo singasebenzisa inkqubo ethintela ukuthengiswa kweziselo ezineswekile kuzo zonke izakhiwo zesikolo, kuquka nasemva kweziganeko zesikolo, ummiselo ohamba ngaphaya kwemilinganiselo karhulumente we-Stuart Sacks. Imigaqo enjalo ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imekobume yokutya ngokulawula oko kunikezelwa kwikhefisi, oko kuthengiswa ngoomatshini bokuthengisa, nokuvunyelwa kokubhiyo kwiklayo okanye kwemibhiyo okanye iimali.

Ngaphezu koko, iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni zingathetha ngemeko-bume kunye nentlalo-ntle enegalelo ekutyeni okungalinganiyo. Kwimimandla efumana imveliso encinane apho ufikelelo kwimveliso entsha lulinganiselweyo, inkqubo yasekuhlaleni isenokufuna izikolo ukuba zifumane ipesenti yezinto zazo ezisuka kwiifama zasekuhlaleni okanye zithathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zefama yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo. La manyathelo awalungisi ukutyeba komzimba kodwa akhuthaza uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni kwaye afundisa abafundi ngokoko ukutya kwabo kuvela apho kuvela khona. Ukulungelelanisa ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni kungavumela izicombululo ezinxulumene nezicombululo ezihlonela izicwangciso zokutya kwenkcubeko ngoxa zisabambelele kwinzululwazi yokutya.

Inxalenye Engundoqo Yomgangatho Osebenzayo Wobundlobongela Basekuhlaleni

Azizo zonke imigaqo yesondlo evelisa iziphumo ezifanayo. Uphando lusoloko luchaza iinxalenye eziliqela ezikwaziyo ukwahlula imigaqo esebenzayo kwengenafuthe. Ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukwenza inkqubo ebanzi exhasa ukutya okusempilweni kuzo zonke izikolo.

Imilinganiselo yokondla elungele konke ukutya nokutya

Isiseko somqathango wenkqubo yesondlo seso siseko semfundo eqinileyo yemfundo ecacileyo yemilinganiselo yokutya okunesondlo esetyenziswa kuzo zonke iiproteni ezithengiswa e-odolini, ezivenkileni, kunye nezisekhonkwaneni zesikolo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zichaza imiqathango kwi-swekile eyongezelelekileyo, i-sodium, amafutha anqumamileyo, kunye nobukhulu obubodwa, ngoxa zikhuthaza ukutya okupheleleyo, iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neeproteni ezingephini ezithengwayo. USUSDA’SD program yeSidlo seSikolo inikeza isiseko soncedo, kodwa imigaqo yasekuhlaleni inokuba luncedo. Umzekelo, ezinye izithi zishenxila ezidilo okanye iikhilotho ze-athonga eziphezulu ze-athoriyo ze-oglories.

Imithetho engoomatshini abathengisayo nokutya okukhuphisanayo

Kwanaxa ukutya kwesikolo kuhlangabezana nemilinganiselo engqongqo yokondla umzimba, abafundi badla ngokufumana “ukutya okudibeneyo” izinto ezithengiswe ngaphandle kwelayini yokutyela. Iinkqubo zongingqi kufuneka zilawule ukuba ekuphi na naxa oku kutya kufumaneka. Iindlela eziluncedo ziquka ukulinganisela iiyure zomatshini zokulungisa emva kwexesha lemini, ukususa oomatshini abathengisayo kwizikolo ezisisiseko neziphakathi ngokupheleleyo, okanye ukufuna ukuba ubuncinane ama-50% emirhumo yomatshini ethengiswayo ahlangabezane nemilinganiselo yemifuno enempilo. Umbiza u-anter-o mental zinokuxhonywa ngokufaka ipetrol-a ekufuneka zifumane ipesenti ethile yemali esebenzayo, ingeniso enika abalungisekayo kwimveliso yokulungisa iprojective.

Imfundo Yokondla

Inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo ayinakutshintsha imikhwa yokutya ngaphandle kokwenza ulwazi kunye nesimo sengqondo esiqhubela ekukhetheni ukutya. Imigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni edibanisa imeko-bume yokutya negumbi lokufundela ngokukhuthaza imfundo yokutya okunokutyiwa okulungele ukulingana nobudala, ngokwesithethe, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezifundo ezifana nezempilo, inzululwazi, kwanezibalo. Izifundo ezisebenzayo zihamba ngaphaya kobuchule obuqhelekileyo bokufundisa ubuchule bokufunda iibhanile zokutya, ucwangciso lokutya, kunye nokupheka. Ezinye imimandla ziye zaqalisa ukufunda imfundo esekelwe kwigadi, apho abafundi batyala imifuno baze bayilungiselele kwikhitshini yesikolo, nto ebangela ukuba ukutya kube nempilo.

Ubandakanyeko loLuntu noMgaqo-nkqubo

Imithetho-nkqubo ephuhliswayo ekuzikhetheni idla ngokumelana nokuxhathisa okanye ukungathengi. Eyona nkqubo iphumelelayo yasekuhlaleni ibandakanya abazali, othisha, abafundi, abalawuli besikolo, kunye nemibutho yempilo yoluntu ukususela ekuqaleni. Uvavanyo, uhlolisiso, amabhunga afundisayo, kunye namanyathelo abafundi bonke ancedisa ekuqokeleleni igalelo kunye nokwandisa ubunikazi. Xa amalungu ebutho labantu evakalelwa kukuba amazwi abo aviwa, basengozini kakhulu yokuxhasa ukuphunyezwa nokuthotyelwa. Umzekelo, isithili seSeattle sidibek athe abafundi bafumana izicwangciso ezintsha zokulungisa imicimbi yesidlo sasemini ngaphambi kokwenza iinguquko, nto leyo inceda ukwamkelelwa nokuncitshiswa kokungcola kokutya.

Iziphumo Ezinokuthelekiswa Neziphumo Zempilo Yabafundi Nezonyango

Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwayo nayiphi na inkqubo yasekuhlaleni kukuba iphucula izibonisi zempilo. Iqumrhu elikhulayo lophando libonisa ukuba izikolo ezinemigaqo eqinileyo yezondlo zibona iinguqu eziphawulekayo kwindlela yokuziphatha yabafundi. Uhlolisiso olupapashwe kunyakatho Journal weAcademy of Nutrition and Dietistics lufumanise ukuba abafundi abafunda kwizikolo ezinemilinganiselo eqinileyo yezondyezondlo abatya imifuno eninzi ngakumbi kunye ne-18% zimbalwa kakhulu zee-swekile xa kuthelekiswa nabafundi ezikolweni ezinezinto ezibuthathaka okanye ezingenayo imigaqo. Ngaphakalanga, izikolo ezivelisa ingxelo yolwando olubanzi kwisalathatho lwemizimba (BMI) i-tractordioidsssss, ingakumbi abo batyebe betyebileyo okanye abatyebileyo.

Isondlo esiphuculiweyo sikwasebenza kakuhle. Amabande okuLawula nokuthintela Izifo [CDC] aphawula ukuba abafundi abanempilo bangabafundi abangcono, abanovavanyo oluphezulu, abambalwa, nabancitshisiweyo bemiba yokuziphatha. Izikolo eziye zasusa iziselo zeswekile zathatha indawo yazo ngamanzi kunye nobisi olunamafutha asezantsi ziphawule ukuqwalasela ukuxinana kweeklasi ezisemva kwemini. Imigaqo yasekuhlaleni eqinisekisa ukuba isidlo sesidlo sikhona kubo bonke abafundi, enoba kwiklasi okanye kwiinkqubo zokuphatha iklasi okanye kusetyenziswa ngokuphatha ubuchule bokufundisa, zinyusa umsebenzi wobuchule bokusebenza nokunciphisana nokunciphisa iziphazamisi-mvo ezinxulumene nendlala.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iingenelo zemigaqo-nkqubo yasekuhlaleni eyomeleleyo zidlulela ngapha nangapha kwesikolo. Xa abafundi beqhelanisa nokhetho olusempilweni entle esikolweni, badla ngokuphembelela izigqibo zeentsapho zabo zokuthenga kunye nemikhwa yokutya ekhaya. Abanye abantu baye banikela ingxelo yokwanda kokutyiwa kweziqhamo nemifuno kumakhaya nabantwana abahamba phambili emva kokusebenzisa imigaqo yesithili yezondyebo zezondlo. Oku kuchitha ixesha kubangela ukuba impilo kawonke wonke ibuyele ekutya, kwenza imigaqo yesikolo ibe ngumqobo wokuphucula ukutya.

Abaxhasi abaphambili kuCwangciso loMgaqo-nkqubo

Ukuguqulela inkqubo esuka kwiphepha ukuya kuqheliselo kufuna umgudu olungelelanisiweyo wabagcini-nxaxheba abaninzi, ngamnye onendima neentshukumisa ezahlukeneyo. Iibhodi zesikolo zingumzimba wowiso-mthetho oyintloko, unoxanduva lokwamkela inkqubo kunye nezibonelelo ezidityanisiweyo ukwenzela ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Abaphathi-mikhosi kunye neentloko zolawulo lwemini-yosuku, ngoxa abalathisi benkonzo yokutya kufuneka balungise iimenu, bafumane izithako ezintsha, kunye nabasebenzi boololiwe. Abafundisi-gumbi badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekisini imiyalezo yokuziselwa kwezondla, kunye nabongikazi besikolo basoloko bemisela iziphumo zempilo ezinokuthi zazise uvavanyo lwenkqubo.

Abaxhasi bezonyango babalulekile ngokulinganayo. Amasebe ezempilo asekuhlaleni anganikela uncedo lobugcisa, ugcino-lwazi olumalunga nobuchule boluntu, kunye noqhagamshelwano lokunika inkxaso-mali. Imibutho engancediyo enjenge- iSidlo soMmandla [ inikela iisikhokelo zenkqubo kunye nenkxaso yobuzali bomzali kunye namabhunga abafundi isebenza njengamaqabane ajongene noxanduva, iqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ayisetyenziswa kuphela kodwa iphinde ibulawe ngokuthembeka. Ngaphandle kwale migaqo-siseko soncedo, kwanemigaqo ebhaliweyo elungileyo inokurhoxakelelwa ngenxa yokunga abalawuli okanye oovimba.

Omnye umxhasi osoloko etyeshelwa ngumthengi wokutya. Imithetho ephelisa ngokukhawuleza izinto ezithandwayo kodwa eziyingozi ingaphazamisa ulwalamano olusemgangathweni lomthengisi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni imigca yengeniso okanye ulwahlulelo. Impumelelo yomsebenzi wesithili nezorhwebo kwicandelo lotshintsho, inika uncedo lobugcisa kutshintsho, kwaye inika izivumelwano zexesha elide ezinika izizinzo kwiinkampani ezizimiseleyo ukuxhobisa ngeemveliso ezisempilweni. Le ndlela idibaniseneyo inciphisa ukukhuthuzwa kwemali nokuditya okuneyo okuzinzileyo.

Uphando lwezindululo zemithetho yasekuhlaleni ephumelelayo

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kukhanyisa iindlela kunye neziphumo ezinxulumene nemigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo yokuzondla. KwiZikolo zoluntu zaseChicago, inkqubo yowama-2010 ephelisa ubisi olunandiphekileyo oluneswekile kuzo zonke izikolo ezisisiseko. Kwisithuba sonyaka omnye, ukusetyenziswa kobisi okupheleleyo kwahlala kuqinile, kucebisa ukuba abantwana balungise izinto abazithandayo kunokungafuni ukusela ubisi olungenanto. Esi sithili sakwalela iziselo zeswekile kwimatshini ethengisayo kwaye sazifaka endaweni yazo ngamanzi kunye nencindi. Uhlolisiso oluthengiswe ngolu lwabonisa ukuncitshiswa kokusebenzisa iswelo lweswekile kubafundi esikolweni.

EKhalifoniya, iSithili seSikolo esimanyeneyo saseLos Angeles senza ijelo elibanzi “IHealthy Beverage Resolution” ngo-2018 elasusa zonke iziselo zemidlalo kunye neziselo ezinamandla ekholejini. Inkqubo yaphuhliswa ngokunxulumene namaqela abafundi axhasa iindlela ezingcono zokufumana amanzi aphucukileyo. Ingeniso yematshini yokuthengisa yaqala yancipha, kodwa kwiminyaka emibini yaphinda yaphela njengoko abafundi babethenga amanzi amaninzi nobisi olunamafutha aphantsi. Isithili sandulula iphulo lokwazisa uluntu olukhuthaza ukuba abadlali babafundi bagxininisa ukuba amanzi alolonakhetho lungcono lokusebenza kunye nempilo.

Isithili esincinane sikwafumene iziphumo ezichukumisayo. IBoulder Valley School eColorado yamkela inkqubo “yokweyiseko lokutya kokoqobo” efuna ukuba ama-30% azo zonke izinto ezithengwa ngokutya zithatyathwe kwindawo ethile ngo-2025. Zisebenzisana neefama zengingqi kunye neendawo zokutya ukuze zivelise inkqubo entsha evelisa imveliso etsha kwikhitshi lesikolo. Ugcino-lwazi lwangaphambili lubonisa ukuba abafundi abakwizikolo ezithabatha inxaxheba bakulungele ngakumbi ukuzama imifuno entsha, kwaye ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwesidlo sasemini kuye kwanda ngo-12%, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukutyeba kuphuculwa komgangatho wokutya kubangela abafundi ukuba batyelelo lwesikolo.

Ucelomngeni Neziphako Zokoyisa Imiqobo

Ngaphandle kobungqina obunyanzelisayo namabala aqaqambileyo, iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni zijongene nemiqobo yokuzalisekisa enokuthi inciphise amandla azo. Iinqanwa zoqingqo-mali ziphezulu kuluhlu. Izithako zempilo zidla ngokubiza ngaphezu kolunye uhlobo olulungisiweyo, kwaye izikolo ezineenkonzo eziqinileyo zisenokuzama ukufunxa iindleko ezithe kratya ngaphandle kokunyusa amaxabiso eempahla okanye ukunciphisa izahlulo. Iintlawulo ezisuka kwi-USDA okanye iziseko zabucala zinganceda, kodwa zisoloko zifumana ixesha elilinganiselweyo. Impumelelo yephondo iye yamkela iindlela ezininzi ezinokusetyenziswa, ezifana nokudibanisa iindleko zokutya okungahlawulwa ngokususa iziselo ezityiweyo ezinyusiweyo zemali ezithengwayo zezotyiso eziphezulu.

Olunye ucelomngeni kukuxhathisa kwabafundi nabazali abaqhelene nokhetho olusempilweni encinci. Utshintsho lwenkqubo olukhawulezileyo lungabangela umva, ingakumbi ukuba lugqalwa njengolungqongqo okanye lungahloneli ukhetho lobuqu. Ukuhlisa oku, imigaqo esebenzayo iquka ixesha lotshintsho, ivumela ukungalingani okulinganiselweyo ngexesha leziganeko ezikhethekileyo, kwaye imiqathango emibini enika iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Iziganeko zokuvavanya, imiboniso yokupheka, kunye neebhodi zoqeqesho lwabafundi zinokuguqula abadli bezinto ezithanda ukupheka zibe ngabameli abanehlombekayo.

Urhwebo ludla ngokutyhalela umva xa izivumelwano zingahambelani neenjongo ezintsha zokuzondla. Ezinye iinkampani zomatshini ezithengisayo zingasongela ukususa oomatshini ukuba azikwazi ukuthengisa izinto zazo ezinengeniso eninzi. Enye indlela ephumelelayo kukudibanisa izivumelwano ezifuna ipesenti encinane yezinto ezisempilweni, kunokuba zivalwe ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke izinto ezingeyompilo. Enye kukujikeleza iminikelo yemveliso ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze abathengisi babe nexesha lokuvelisa iilayini ezintsha. Imimandla edityaniswe ngamandla athenjiswe ingeniso engcono ingadibanisa namaxabiso angcono kunye nemveliso esempilweni.

Ekugqibeleni, ukungahloli okuqhubekayo kungenza ugcino-lwazi oluzinzileyo. Ngaphandle kokuqokelelwa kogcino-lwazi ngokutya, amanani entengiso, kunye neziphumo zempilo, abamisi-nkqubo abanayo indlela yokwazi ukuba inkqubo iyasebenza okanye ifuna uhlengahlengiso. Ukuseka iinkqubo ezilula zokuhlola, njengeengxelo zekhefi yonyaka okanye uhlolisiso lwabafundi lwaminyaka le, kunceda ukugcina ukuphendula kombuzo kwaye kunika ubungqina bokukhusela inkqubo kwiinzame zokuyenza buthathaka. Intlangano yempilo yomhlaba (WHOV ] icebisa isicwangciso senkqubo ye- “Plan-Do-Do-Sdy-ActyPrigiction" imijikelezo yokulungisa inkqubela eqhubekayo yezondla zesikolo.

Umlinganiselo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo wokuQokelela

Umlinganiselo we-Robustt ubalulekile ekubonakaliseni ixabiso lemigaqo-nkqubo yokuzondla yasekuhlaleni nokukhusela inkxaso-mali eqhubekayo. Ii-millimeter ezingundoqo ziquka utshintsho ekutyeni kwabafundi ukutya okuziintlolayo (ezilinganiswe ngeeyure ezingama-24 ukukhumbula okanye ipleyiti yokuchitha inkunkuma yekhefi), ukwenziwa komzimba (i-BMI ihlolwa ngabongikazi besikolo), kunye neempawu zemfundo (amaqondo eemali, ii-atexarics zoqeqesho, kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo).

Izithili ezininzi zikwaquka ugcino-lwazi lwe-qualitiotimeties ngokuqhuba amaqela ajolisekileyo kubafundi, abazali, kunye nabasebenzi benkonzo yokutya. Ezi ngxelo zityhila ingqiqo ecacileyo, njengesizathu sokuba abafundi baxhathise imifuno ethile okanye indlela ucwangciso lwentsapho oluchaphazela ngayo imikhwa yesidlo sakusasa. Ukudibanisa i-quantititititititine kunye nogcino-lwazi lwezikolo kuvumela izikolo ukuba ziphucule iinkqubo zazo ngeendlela ezisekelwe kuzo zombini ubungqina kunye nezoluntu.

Ukuxhasa impembelelo engaphaya kwexesha elide kufuna ukuququzelelwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza ngemigaqo-nkqubo yesithili, izigqibo zebhodi, kunye neenkcazelo zemisebenzi yabasebenzi. Xa imeko-bume yokutya okusempilweni iba yinxalenye yeDNA yesithili, bayasinda kwiinguqu kulawulo okanye kwimijikelo yoqingqo-mali. Ukuphuhliswa kobuchule benkonzo yokutya ekuphekeni, ubuchule bemela imela, kunye nokuphuhliswa kokulungisa izinto kubenza bakwazi ukuvelisa iiprojekthi. Umgaqo-nkqubo wonyaka onamagalelo ofakelwe kwi-patroli uqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yonyango ihlala isebenza njengemiqathango yokutya, ubungqina benzululwazi, kunye noluntu olunentlalo-ntle.

Isiphelo

Iinkqubo zoluntu zibalulekile ekulungiseni imekobume yokutya okusempilweni ezikolweni. Zizalisa izithuba ezishiywe yimilinganiselo encinane karhulumente, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kuneemfuno zoluntu okanye imigaqo yesizwe. Imigaqo esebenzayo idibanisa imilinganiselo yezondlobongela engqongqo kunye nolawulo lomthengisi, imfundo yokondla, kunye nokudityaniswa kwezenyani koluntu. Ubungqina obuvela kwimimandla emininzi yesikolo kubonisa ukuba le nkqubo ikhokelela kwinkqubela eqhubekayo kwimilinganiselo yokutya, imiqondiso yempilo, kunye nokusebenza kwemfundo yemfundo. Ngoxa iingxaki ezinjalo njengemiqathango yemali, ukuchasa iinguquko, nokuvavanyanisa imiqobo, zinokukoyiswa kucwangciso olucwangcikileyo, iinkqubo eziqululiweyo, kunye nokuzinikela kwinkqubela eqhubekayo. Njengoko abantu abaninzi besazi ukuba nempembelelo enzulu yokusiko okusiko kwempilo yemfundo, ukuphakama kwemigaqo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yasekuhlaleni yasekuhlaleni, ngokusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo, namhlanje, yemfundo yemfundo yezezikolo, kunye neyokusetyenziswa kwezemfundo yezemfundo yezentlalo zilungele