Imigaqo-nkqubo yesithili seso sikolo yasekuhlaleni isebenza njengesiseko somsebenzi wokufundisa, ilungisa ngqo iimeko apho abafundisi-mfundo basebenza khona, bakhula, bagqiba ukuhlala okanye bahambe. Kwixesha lokunqongophala kobafundisi- ntsapho nokunyuka kweemfuno ezikhoyo kwizikolo, ukuqonda indlela ezi migaqo-nkqubo eziphembelela ngayo imigaqo-nkqubo yokwenziwa nokuzinza nokuzinza kwayo ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngelixesha iinguqu zesizwe nezomgangatho karhulumente zisebenza, zizizi izigqibo ezithe zamihla ngemihla ezenziwa ngamaqela eklasini kunye nabaphathi abachaphazele iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zokufundisa. Ukusuka kumaxesha omvuzo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa zobukhulu beklayelo, imigaqo yephondo itsala iingcali, imisebenzi ephambili okanye i-othengiselwa phambili. Eli nqaku lihlola iindlela ezichaneyo ezichaneyo zokufundisa nokuzinziwa kwasekuhlaleni, ukulungiselela iiprojekthis zobu bungqina obusetyenziswayo bemfundo.

ILizwe Langoku Lomfundisi - ntsapho Nokuzibhokoxa

Ngokwenkcazelo evela kwiZiko leDialogic Institute, umsantsa wokufundisa uye wakhula ngokuthe ngcembe ukususela ekulungiseni iNguqu-phambili, nokuncipha koqeqesho kubafundisi-lwazi kunye nokunyuswa kwamanani aphezulu phakathi kwabafundisi-mfundo bakudala. Iinkqubo zoluntu ezilawulayo ezikhupha okanye ezinciphisa ezi ngxaki. Umzekelo, imimandla engakwaziyo ukunikela imivuzo enxulumene nemimandla ekufuphi okanye eminye imisebenzi enzima, iyakuzama ukutsala abatshatiswayo. Ngaxesha linye, inkxalabo ephezulu ayihlawulwa kuphela yinkxaso ephezulu yolawulo, i-Alumic, i-alcubes acutting, i-cuthel'ede ihlala isebenza. Uphando lweziko lubonisa ukuba iimeko zokusebenza, kuquka imigangatho yeendawo okanye yeendawo ze-colleg, kunye neendawo ze-oggg, kunye neeprojectives, ezikwimeko eziphambili zezimeko zolawulo zephondo, kunye nezimeko zolawulo zephondo, zikholiso ezitheko.

Isifo se-COVID-19 songeza uxinezeleko olutsha lwezintsonkothileyo. Ootitshala abaninzi bajamelana noxinezeleko oluphezulu oluvela kwimfundo exubileyo, ukuxhalatyiswa, namadabi ezobupolitika angaphezulu kwezifundo. Ukuphendula, ezinye izithili zasebenzisa inkxaso yexeshana, kodwa utshintsho lwenkqubo lwexesha elide luhlala lungalingani. Uhlolisiso lwama-20222 lweNational Education Association lwafumanisa ukuba ama-5% abafundisi ayecinga ngokushiya umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba acetyiswe.

Iindawo zomgaqo-nkqubo ezinowona Mphumo mkhulu

Asiyiyo yonke imigaqo ethwala ubunzima obulinganayo. Ngoxa isithili ngasinye kufuneka sinike intlawulo nengenelo, eminye imida yezomthetho inokuba nesigqibo esilinganayo ekulolongeniseni ulwaneliseko nolwaneliseko lomsebenzi. Ngasezantsi zindawo ezingundoqo apho iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni zinempembelelo enkulu khona.

Ukufumana Imali Neingenelo

Imivuzo ekhoyo ihlala isisixhobo esibonakalayo sokufumana intlawulo. Noko ke, imibandela yolwakhiwo lwemali elingana nemali epheleleyo. Iisithili ezinemivuzo eqinileyo, engaphezulu zisenokulwa nzima ukutsala abafundisi-mfundo abaqalayo abafumana umhlala-phantsi ababona umvuzo okhawulezayo kwimimandla ekufuphi okanye kwizikolo zangasese. Iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zemali ehlawulwayo zokwenza ingeniso. Ngokunjalo, iinkokheli zemali enzima kwizifundo zeqela elinzima zemali njengemfundo ekhethekileyo, izibalo, okanye inzululwazi (i-acan eluncedo zedilesi zoncedo. Iingenelo, kuquka i-inshorensizakhono zempilo, inkcitho, kunye nokuphuma kwentsapho, zidlala indima ephantsi kodwa ezityebileyo. Isithili esinika inzuzo encinane kodwa entle, ingakumbi kubafundisi-otitshala-mfundo kunye neentsapho eziphakathi kunye neentsapho.

Uphuhliso loogcisa kunye nomsebenzi wengqesho

Abafundisi basoloko benikela ingxelo yokuba amathuba okukhula nokhokelo abalulekileyo kulwaneliseko lomsebenzi. Kodwa iinkqubo ezininzi zobugcisa bokuphuhlisa zizinto ezifanelekileyo, ezinyanzelisayo, kwaye zikhutshwe kwizinto zeklasi. Imithetho exhasa umfundisi-zintambo zePD, inika ixesha lokusebenzisana, kwaye yenza iindlela zomsebenzi (umz., umfundisi-lwazi, umqeqeshi ofundisayo) udityaniswe ekuzinziseni ngokuphezulu. Ezinye imimandla, njengaleyo ikwiNqaqonga elihamba phambili, iye yazimisela iindima zokufundisa ukuvumela abafundisi-wongahambi ngaphandle kokushiya iklasi. Ezimodeli zibonisa ukuba imigaqo yophuhlisolwazi lungatshintsha inkqubela-phambili isuka kumsebenzi othe kratya, onomvuzo, umsebenzi weqonga.

Iimeko Zomsebenzi Nokuthwaliswa Kwemisebenzi

Imithetho elawula umgangatho wodidi olulawulayo, isabelo somfundisi- ntsapho, kunye nemisebenzi engafundiswanga ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla. Ubungakanani obukhulu beklasi bunyusa ukuqeshwa nokuncitshiswa komsebenzi. Imimandla enemigaqo-nkqubo evumela ukucwangcisa ubungakanani bodidi okanye inike abancedisi bokufundisa iphucula indlela yokuziphatha. Ngokufanayo, iinkqubo ezilinganisela inani leentlanganiso ezifunekayo, amaphepha-zincwadi, kunye neminye imisebenzi "enzima" ekhulula abafundisi-bafundisi- abanokufundiswa. Imigaqo evumela ukucwangcisa ixesha elinye kunqamleza imigangatho yeklasi okanye imimandla ephambili ekhuthazayo kwaye inciphisa ukwahlukana. Le nkqubo ikhangeleka njengendlela encinci, ngokobuqu okanye njengeqela, ukuba abafundisi-mathematilo bavakalelwa kukuba banokuwenza kakuhle umsebenzi wabo.

Iinkqubo zenkxaso kunye nobuchule

Abafundisi- ntsapho abatsha bangenelwa ngokukhethekileyo kwiinkqubo ezicwangcisiweyo nezicebisayo. Uphando lucebisa ukuba abafundisi- ntsapho abafumana uqeqesho olunzulu kwiminyaka yabo yokuqala emibini bangabi namathuba okushiya umsebenzi. Iinkqubo zesithili ezifuna uqeqesho loqeqesho, zabela ixesha lokukhulula uqeqesho, kwaye abafundisi- ntsapho abatsha abanabafundisi- ntsapho abanobuchule abasebenzayo babalulekile. Kodwa isithili ezininzi azinazo iinkqubo zobucebisi okanye abaphathi abaphantsi. Iinkqubo zokuxhasa ziquka ukufikelela kwabacebisi, iinkqubo zobuchule, kunye nezibonelelo zesigqibo.

Indlela Isimilo Esiluchaphazela Ngayo Ulwakhiwo

Ukubuyiselwa akungokuthumela nje uvulo lomsebenzi, kungokokuba kuboniswa abo basenokuba ngabatsha abaza kufumana isithili ukuba indawo enqwenelekayo yokusebenza. Iinkqubo zesithili zinxibelelana namaxabiso nezinto eziphambili, ngokufuthi phambi kodliwano-ndlebe. Imimandla elandelayo yenkqubo ibalulekile ekufumaneni inkxaso.

Izakhiwo ezithengisayo ezikhuphisanayo

Umvuzo wesithili oqalayo usoloko ungowokuqala umvo obonwa ngumvo obhaliswayo. Noko ke, abatshatiswa abajonge ngaphaya kwenani lokuqala. Bahlola ucwangciso lomvuzo ukuze babone ukuba bangakhawuleza kangakanani ukuhambela phambili, nokuba kukho imiqolo yamaqondo awongezelelekileyo okanye iziqinisekiso, nokuba kukho izisusa zokufundisa kwizikolo ezifuna uncedo oluphezulu okanye izifundo. Izithili ezinika amanyathelo kunye neendawo ezicinezela ixesha ukufikelela umvuzo omkhulu zinokuba zinomtsalane kakhulu kunaleyo enemimiselo ende, ethe tyaba. Ngaphezu koko, imigaqo enika umvuzo womvuzo phakathi kootitshala nootitshala abaphezulu, okanye phakathi kwezifundo ezingundoqo kunye nezivotiweyo, icutha ikhutshwa ngokugqithisleyo okunokunqanda ukufikelela unyuko.

Ezinye izithili ziye zazama ukutsala iibhonasi zemiqondiso okanye izindlu ezijinga-jinga, ingakumbi kwiindawo eziphezulu eziphila. Umzekelo, Ubomi, umnatha wezikolo zerhafu, unika iibhonasi zokutsala abafundisi-zikhuselwe phantsi kolawulo. Ngelixesha kungekho sibambi semfaneleko sokhuphiswano, imigaqo enjalo ingasebenza njengezixhobo zokufumana i-'transfectation' ezisebenzayo.

Isizathu Sokuxolela

Abafundisi abaninzi baphumelela ngetyala elibalulekileyo lokubolekisa ngabafundi. Izithili ezisebenza kunye neenkqubo zokuxolela zemali ebolekwa ngurhulumente (umz., uMfundisi Loan Forest okanye Inkonzo kawonke-wonke Loan Forrence) zingakusebenzisa oku njengenzuzo yokufumana ubhaliso. Ezinye isithili zide zinikele uncedo lwazo lokuhlawula imali ezinkongozelo kubafundisi-zo abasebenza kwizikolo okanye kwizifundo ezinzima zesikhulu okanye izifundo.

Ukwahlukahlukana Nobulungisa Ekujikeni

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba abafundi bayangenelwa ngokuba nootitshala ababonakalisa imvelaphi yabo yobuhlanga, yenkcubeko, kunye neelwimi. Ukanti imimandla emininzi inemigaqo-nkqubo elinganisela ukungaqondani, njengeemfuno ezingqongqo zokuqinisekisa ukuba abanikezeli abahlukeneyo okanye ukuchanabeka kwiinkqubo zokuqesha-mvume. Izithili ezibophelelelwe ukukhutshelwa kweenkqubo zokuqesha ngokugqithisileyo ukuze ziquke iinkqubo zokufumana irejista zoluvo eziquka "ziququze ezakho" iinkqubo ezifunyanwa kwingingqini zasekuhlaleni, imibhobhobho esuka kwi-HBCU okanye i-emperensi encinci, kunye nemigudu yokufumana inkxaso. Utshintsho lweminye imigaqo evumela ukuba imigaqo engomnye yeminye yemibatshintsha okanye abaxhasi bomsebenzi baphinde bandise idityaniswe. Umzekelo nguMphathiswanosheli woMfundisi kwi-ongo wobuzwe.

Indlela Isimilo Esiqhuba Ngayo Ukuzigcina Usemzimbeni

Imithetho ekhuthaza ukuba babe ngamalungu asekuhlaleni, ukuhlonelwa nokukhula kwengcali ibalulekile.

Umfundisi- ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokwenza isigqibo

Abafundisi abavakalelwa kukuba banento eluncedo kwizifundo, ukufundisa, kunye nolawulo lwesikolo banelisekile yaye abanamathuba okuhamba. Iinkqubo zesithili eziseka amabhunga esiza sesikolo, umfundisi-lwazi, okanye izakhiwo ezabelanayo zokwenza izigqibo ziyabanika abafundisi-lwazi. I-Autonomy ikwanandisa izigqibo zeklasi ezimalunga neendlela zokufundisa kunye neengcebiso. I-policies ezibhala izikripti okanye ezixhomekeke kakhulu ekuvavanyweni okusezantsi njengesixhobo sokuhlola zinokutshayela ngaphandle kozimele nokugxotha abafundisi-bafundisi-lwazi. Ngokuchasene noko, imigaqo ethemba umgwebo woochwepheshe bolwazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuguquka.

Ukugqalwa Ngoxabiso Nokuhambela Phambili

Ukuziva uxabisekile kwaye ubona ikamva kwisithili zizinto ezinamandla ezibangela ukumanyana. Imithetho elawulayo equka iinkqubo zolwamkelo .enjenge-Olish of the Year cards, ixhobisa ukwenzela iBhodi yeSizwe i-Cream, okanye ukuvuma uluntu kwintlanganiso zebhodi. / thumela umyalezo othi ukufundisa kubaluleke. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, imigaqo yenkqubela yomsebenzi enika iindima zokhokelo ngaphandle kokushiya igumbi lokufundela, uqeqesho, okanye umfundisi-lekshicilelo-asz-aschemesssssssssssss abafundisi-ooodows ukuze bakhule ngobuchule bokufundisa ngoxa besafundisa. Isithili apho ezi misebenzi ibopha iindima zoncedo zikhozo ezongezelelweyo nakukhulula ixesha elingakumbi abaqeqeqeshi babo.

Impilo yengqondo nokuhlala kakuhle

Umsebenzi wokufundisa uphakathi kweyona misebenzi inzima, enamanani aphezulu okudinwa engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Iinkqubo zesithili ezinika ingqalelo kwimpilo yengqondo azisasebenzi ngokuzikhethela. Imithetho elinganisela emva kweeyure zokusebenza ezilindelekileyo, inika ubuchule bokucebisa, ikhuthaza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wobomi bobomi bomsebenzi ichazwa ngokwandayo ngabafundisi-zo njengezizathu zokuhlala. Ezinye izithili ziye zamkela iiveki ezine zesikolo okanye abafundisi-mathengi ixesha elongezelelekileyo lokuceba. Ezinye ziye zaqalisa iikomiti ezifanelekileyo neenkqubo zengqondo. Le migaqo ifuna ukutshintsha izithethe, kodwa ikwanophawu lokuba isithili sinyamekela abasebenzi bazo njengabantu, hayi nje abasebenzi.

IZibonelelo zeSithili Zokuphucula Inkqubo

Ulungiso lomfundisi- ntsapho nokugcinwa kwakhona ngenkqubo yotshintsho akufuni kukhangelo olungenanto. Endaweni yoko, isithili singasebenzisa iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo, ezisekelwe kubungqina ezibeka phambili ezona nguqulelo zinempembelelo.

Ukuguqula abafundisi-nkqubo kuphuhliso

Imithetho ephuhliswayo ekuzikhetheni isoloko iphosa uphawu. Izithili eziquka abafundisi- ntsapho ekwenzeni izigqibo -- ngokuhlola, ngokuqwalasela, okanye ngokufumana ingqiqo ezikhokelela kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo. Umzekelo, isithili singafumanisa ukuba abafundisi- ntsapho baxabisa ixesha elingakumbi lokuceba ngaphezu komvuzo, okanye ukuba uqeqesho lweenkqubo lufuna uqeqesho olungcono kubacebisi. Abafundisi- ntsapho abanokukwazi ukuthembana nokuthenga ngaphakathi, ukwenza uzalisekiso oluthe tyaba. Izithili ezininzi, njengalezo zikwi- Intetho enguMfundisi-Ootatoliki yelizwi , isebenzise ngokunempumelelo ukuqhubana koluvo olubomvu kunye nophuhlisolwazi.

Ukwenza izigqibo zogcino-lwazi

Izithili kufuneka ziqokelele zize zihlolisise ugcino-lwazi kumfundisi- ntsapho ojikeleji, udliwano-ndlebe oluphumayo, kunye nohlolisiso lwemozulu ukuchonga iindawo zokuchanaba iintlungu. Umzekelo, ukuba ugcino-lwazi lubonisa ukuba abafundisi- ntsapho bashiya ngexabiso eliphezulu emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihla emihlanu, imigaqo ejolise kwinkxaso ephakathi.

Umanyano namaqabane oluntu

Ukunqongophala kootitshala basekuhlaleni akunakuconjululwa kuphela. Umanyano lweziko neeyunivesithi, amashishini, nemibutho engafumani ngeniso lungakhulisa ukukhuthazwa nokugcinwa. Imithetho elawulayo enceda ukuhlawulwa kweenqanawa, ukuxolelwa ngemali ehlawulwayo, okanye ukubonelelwa kwezindlu kunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisana namaqabane oluntu. Umzekelo, ezinye iingingqi kunye nabaphuhlisi bezakhono zokulungisa umhlaba ukunikela izindlu ezithengwa kwabafundisi-bafundisi- ntsapho, ngoxa ezinye zisebenza namashishini asekuhlaleni ukubonelela ukuhlawulelwa kwemali.

Uphando Nophando Ngetyala

Uphando luqinisa uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye neziphumo zomfundisi. Uphando lwama-2021 lwe- Ukufundisa umgaqo-nkqubo [[FLT: 1] lufumanise ukuba iinkqubo zesithili ezifana nokuphucula iimeko zokusebenza, imbuyiselo, kunye noncedo olomeleleyo luncitshisiwe ngo-18%. Kwilixa lokuhlola amaphondo aneenjongo eziphezulu eKhalifoniya, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukhokelo olusebenzisanayo, ukrumko lomvuzo, kunye nophuhliso lolwazi oluphambili.

Omnye umzekelo ophawulekayo yiWashington, D.C., inkqubo yesikolo sikarhulumente, esebenzisa inkqubo yembuyiselo esekelwe ekwenzeni ebizwa ngokuba yi-IMPAT. Ngelixesha impikiswano, inkqubo iquka ukunyuka kwerhafu enkulu kubafundisi abasebenzayo kwaye inconyelwe ngokuphucula isimilo sabenzi abaphezulu. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zinganyusa ujiko phakathi kwabafundisi-mfundo abasebenza kancinci, zibalaselisa ukurhoxiswa kwentengiso kwinkqubo yezorhwebo.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isithili esiye safaka uqeqesho kumfundisi- ntsapho iinkqubo zokuhlala ngezantsi `njengeBoston Teacher Residency''. "izandla zezandla zeBoston" ngokuqeqesha nokuhlisa imithwalo yendlela yoqeqesho ngexesha lonyaka wokuqala. Ezi nkqubo, zixhaswa yimigaqo yesithili exhasa ukuqokelela iinkonzo zokuhlala nokunika izikhuthazo kubacebisi, zinexabiso elingaphezulu kwama-90% emva kweminyaka emithathu, xa kuthelekiswa nomlinganiselo wesizwe malunga nama-80% kubafundisi abatsha.

Isiphelo

Imigaqo-nkqubo yesithili sengingqi yolawulo ayizo nkcazelo yezantsi yemfundo yasekuhlaleni, zizixhobo ezinamandla zokugqiba ukuba uluntu lungatsala luze lugcine abafundisi- ntsapho befuna abafundisi- ntsapho. Ukusuka kwimbuyiselo nakulwazi oluthe lwakhulayo ukuya kwiimeko zokusebenza kunye nelizwi lomfundisi-lwazi, yonke inkqubo esebenzayo ithumela uphawu malunga nexabiso elibekwe kubafundisi-mfundo. Ezona mimandla ziphumelelayo ziphatha inkqubo njengezixhobo ezifanelekileyo, zisebenzisa ugcino-lwazi, ukufundisa, kunye nophando lwezinto zokusingqongileyo apho abafundisi- ntsapho banokufumana khona iziphumo eziphezulu. Njengoko ukunqongophala komfundisi-mfundo kuqhubeka kusemgangathweni wonke, imimandla esekelwe kwimibutho elungele ukuphuculwa, ukuhambela phambili kwemigaqo esekelwe kwimigaqo-yo. Ngokwenza oko, uphando olwanelisayo.