Izobupolitika zaseJapan zikudala zibunjwe lucelomngeni lwenkcaso yengcinezelo yasekhaya kunye neengxaki zezizwe ngezizwe. Phakathi kwemikhosi enamandla eqhuba utshintsho lwezopolitiko kukho iimpikiswano zenkqubo zangaphandle, ezinokudibanisa amaqela kwisizathu esiqhelekileyo okanye ukwaphuka kombutho wemida enzulu. Ukuqonda indlela ezi mpikiswano eziphembelela ngayo ibutho leJapan lelizwe kubalulekile ukuthatha zombini ulawulo lwalo lwasekhaya kunye nendima yalo etshintshayo kwisigaba sehlabathi lonke. Eli nqaku lihlola ubuchule obungangqubana ngayo nemithetho yamanye amazwe nemithetho echaseneyo nezixhobo zokhuseleko kwizivumelwano zeqela, ukuzoba yi-"ne-"ne-"/reshape edwelisa kwimbali yakutshanje kunye nemisebenzi yakutshanje.

Ukuchasana Kwemithetho Yamazwe Asemzini YaseJapan

Iimpikiswano zomgaqo-siseko wamanye amazwe aseJapan asiyompikiswano engacacanga; zizinto ezicacileyo, iinkalo eziphezulu ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubuzwe nokhuseleko lwezoqoqosho. Olona ngquzulwano luzingisileyo nolunengxabano luquka:

  • Intengo ye-[FORT:0] ye-Tertorial: Impikiswano yemimandla yasemntla/iZiqithi zeKuril neRashiya, iSenkaku/iDiayu Islands neTshayina, kunye neTakeshima/Dokdo impikiswano noMzantsi Korea.
  • Izivumelwano zokhuseleko: Indima yoKhuseleko lwase-U.S.-Japan, ingxoxo ngaphaya kokuzikhusela okudibeneyo okudibeneyo, kunye nolwalamano lweJapan neNATO kunye nezakhiwo zokhuseleko lwengingqi.
  • [[NTL: 0] Trade kunye nongquzulwano lwezoqoqosho: Ukungalingani korhwebo oluthe tyaba, iimpikiswano zomva (kuquka ezo zaqaliswa ngulawulo lweTrump) kunye nolawulo lwemixokelelwano yokunikezela ngemiqathango kwimekobume yejiyografi.
  • Imiba yeSihlomelo kunye nesaziso: Indlela iJapan ethetha ngayo ngexesha layo lemfazwe elidluleyo, kuquka utyelelo olusemthethweni kwiYasukuni Shrine, ebangela ulwalamano lweTshayina noMzantsi Korea kunye nempembelelo yokuma kweqela.

Nganye kwezi ngxabano ibaluleke ngokwahlukeneyo kumaqela ezobupolitika awahlukahlukeneyo, yaye ukuphambuka kwawo kunokuguquka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeziganeko zangaphandle ezifana nokuqhelisela umkhosi, iingqungquthela zemicimbi yezobuzwe, okanye isigwebo sezoqoqosho.

Indlela Imithetho Yamazwe Asemzini Echaphazele Ngayo Iqela Lezobupolitika

Iimbambano zenkqubo zamazwe angaphandle zisebenza njengezinto ezinamandla ezingafaniyo kwintsebenziswano nokhuphiswano lweqela. Impembelelo yazo ingabonwa ngokweepateni ezimbini ezibanzi: umanyano lokwexeshana ngexesha lamanqam kunye nolungelelwaniso lwexesha elide.

Amazibuko Amanyeneyo Nentsebenziswano YaseBipartisan

Xa iJapan ijongene nesoyikiso esingaphandle okanye ingxaki enkulu yezobuzwe, amaqela akwicandelo lengqiqo asoloko exhasa ifulege njengeliqhelekileyo. Oku "kujikeleza iflegi" isiphumo esikhethekileyo kwiimbambano zelizwe, apho uluntu lulindele ukuma okuqinileyo, okumanyeneyo. Umzekelo, ngexesha loxinezeleko oluphezulu kwiziQithi zeSenkaku, zombini ezilawulayo iLiberal Democratic Party (LDP) kunye nenkqubo engundoqo yezomGaqo-siseko weDidemocracratic Party (CDP) ixhasa ukuma kolawulo lukarhulumente nokuxhomekeka kwakhe kwiU.S.

Intsebenziswano enjalo ye-bipartisan ifikelele kwinkcitho yale mihla yomkhosi neyokhuseleko. I-LDP kunye neqabane layo elingumbutho uKomeito baye batyhalela phambili uqingqo-mali lokuzikhusela, kwaye ngoxa iCDP ibisoloko iphikisana ngokuqhelekileyo, iye yavota ixhasa uqingqo-mali olongezelelweyo ngexesha leengxaki. Lo mzekelo ubonisa uvumelo olunamandla oluqhelekileyo lokuba iJapan imele ikhusele ingqibelelo yayo ephakathi komhlaba ize igcine umanyano lwayo neUnited States.

Iicandelo kunye necandelo

Phezu kwamaxesha omanyano, iimpikiswano zenkqubo yamanye amazwe zidla ngokubhenca kwaye zibonakale iingcambu zengqiqo phakathi kwamaqela. Icandelo elisembindini lolwahlulo lixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wokhuthazo noxolelwano, kwakunye nendlela yokuxolelanisa imbali. Ucalucalulo olungundoqo luquka:

  • Abaxhasi besizwe abakwindawo ebanzi (umz., amaqela phakathi kwe LDP, iQela loQela loMnqophiso-moya) baxhasa umkhosi owomeleleyo, uhlaziyo lweGatya 9 lomgaqo-siseko, kunye nokuma okuqinileyo kwimiba yengingqi.
  • Inkqubo ethatha imilinganiselo yokuziphatha engaguqukiyo (umz., Komeito, amanye amalungu e-LDP) abeka isiseko somanyano lwe-U.S. kodwa agxininisa ukudityaniswa kwemicimbi yezobuzwe kunye nokuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho, ingakumbi neTshayina.
  • Amaqela aqhubekekayo/asekhohlo-asekhohlo (umz., CDP, umbutho wobuKomanisi waseJapan) aphikisa inkqubo yezobuzwe yamanye amazwe, ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwiGatya 9, kunye nendlela eninzi exhasa iU.S. isiseko sobume bezizwe kunye nentsebenziswano yengingqi.

Ezi ntywiliselwano zingathintela ukwenziwa komanyano olubanzi, kwanangexesha leengxaki. Umzekelo, xa urhulumente we-LDP washukunyiselwa ukutolika kwakhona umgaqo-siseko ukuze avumele i-control-defense edibeneyo ngo-2014, amaqela aphikisanayo adibene nayo, kodwa umanyano lwawo lwalungolula kuba iCDP ne JCP zazinemibono eyahlukileyo ngokusisiseko ngenxa yokuma kweJapan kokhuseleko. Isiphumo yaba kukuma okunyuswayo kwemithetho elawulayo eyaphinda yakhiwe kunye nolungelelwaniso lwamaqela avoti.

Ulungelelwano Lwezobupolitika Nendlela Yokuzimela

Iimpikiswano zenkqubo zamazwe angaphandle zingaphinda zibe nokuchasana, njengoko amaqela ahlula okanye adibanisa phezu kwemigaqo engundoqo yemithetho yamanye amazwe. Owona mzekelo uphawulekayo wakutshanje kukwenziwa kweCDP ngo 2017, eyadibanisa kunye ababengamalungu eDidemocratic Partical, abazimeleyo, kunye nabaxhasi abasuka kwi-LDP echase uMphathi-mikhosi wePrimente uShinzo Abe's uphatho lwezicwangciso zolungiso zembali kunye nokuphatha kwakhe imibandela yembali. Ngokufanayo, ukunyuka kweJapan innovation Party, exhasa inkqubo yomthetho wesizwe efuna ukurhoxina kwe-LDP's isuka kwibala lasekunene, isunduza i-LDP's ukunyusa iingqinibo ezixhasa isiseko sayo.

Uhlomelo lwesivumelwano semali luphenjelelwa kakhulu kukuhambelana kwenkqubo yamanye amazwe. I-LDP-Komeito inyamezele kamashumi eminyaka ngenxa yokuba ikomeito imo elungeleleneyo kukhuseleko kunye nomanyano lwayo oluqinileyo kumbutho we-Soka Gakai Buddhik inika ibhulorho kumfanekiso we-arhenti yemfazwe, isusa i-LDP' yesizwe. Noko ke, le ngqungquthela iye yachatshazelwa xa i-LDP iqhubele phambili imigaqo eqinileyo yomkhosi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuzama ukwenza umbutho omninzi ochaseneyo ubuBhuquluko luye lwasilela ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenxa yokungavumelani kwemithetho yamanye amazwe, ingakumbi indima ye-US.

Isifundo Setyala: ISenkaku Islands Idispute Neqela Linamandla

Impikiswano yeZiqithi zeSenkaku neTshayina inikela umboniso ocacileyo wendlela inkqubo yamanye amazwe enokubamanyanisa ngayo kwaye yahlule amaqela amaJapan. Xa urhulumente waseJapan wazenza iziqithi ezintathu ngo-2012, ebangela ukuqhankqala okukhulu eTshayina kunye nokonakala kolwalamano olunzulu, iLDP kunye nenkoliso yamaqela aphikisayo axhasa ukuthethelelwa kukarhulumente ngolawulo. Ukanti esi siganeko sandisa ulwahlulo: iLDP yasebenzisa ingxaki ukutyhalela ukhuseleko olunamandla ngexesha lokhuseleko lwaselwandle, ngelixa iCDP neJCP igxeka urhulumente ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwemeko kwaye yabiza urhulumente ukuba adele.

Impikiswano iye yaba luvavanyo lwabavoti. Iintlanganiso ezithatha umgca onzima kwiziqithi zityekele ekutsaleni abavoti besizwe, ngelixesha ezigxininisa unxibelelwano lonxulumano lwezizwe ngezizwe oluninzi, unyulo lwehlabathi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwanaphakathi kwe-LDP, kuye kwakho iingxoxo zangaphakathi malunga nokuba kusini na ukuba iziqithi zisetyenziswe kwimithambo yomkhosi wase-U.S., intshukumo eyakunyusa ungquzulwano. Oku kwangaphakathi kubonisa ucelomngeni olubanzi lokulungelelanisa ikratshi lesizwe nemfuneko esebenzayo yolwalamano oluzinzileyo neTshayina, iqabane elikhulu lorhwebo laseJapan.

Impikiswano yeSenkaku ikwaphembelela izibalo zomanyano. Umzekelo, iqela leKomeito ngamanye amaxesha liye lasebenza njengebreki kwizicelo ze-LDP zokwandisa ubukho bomkhosi kufuphi neziqithi, liphikisana endaweni yamanyathelo okwakha intembelo. Le ntshukumo incede ukugcina uzinzo olulawulayo, kodwa ikwabalaselisa inkqubo echuliweyo yokulinganisela iprojekthi yeqela elinokwenza.

Ezinye Iindawo Zomgaqo - siseko Wasemzini Nemiphumo Yazo Yezobupolitika

Ingxabano Emasimini AkuMntla NeRashiya

Impikiswano ende ebambekayo kwiZiqithi zaseKuril ibingumthombo wesibonelelo semali eJapan, nawo onke amaqela amakhulu axhasa injongo yokubuyela eziqithi. Noko ke, ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine kwama-2022 kwasusa icalculus. Urhulumente we-LDP phantsi koMphathiswa omkhulu uFumio Kishida omiselwe kwiRussia kwaye obeke inkxaso yezoqoqosho enxulumene nempikiswano yelizwe. Ngelixesha amaqela alwayo axhasa kakhulu ezi meko, amanye amaqela asekhohlo abuza ukuphumelela kwemiqathango nokuxhasa ingxoxo. Impikiswano ngoku iye yadityaniswa nemibuzo ebanzi yokhuseleko lwamandla eJapan (Rusia ingumxhasi wamandla) kunye nokuma kwayo kwisakhiwo sokhuseleko se-Paccoucity, isenza iimposiso ezintsha phakathi kwemigca yemibutho.

Urhwebo noManyano lwase-US-Japan

Iimpikiswano zenkqubo zamazwe angaphandle aziphelelanga kukhuseleko. Iimfazwe zorhwebo, ingakumbi ezo zaqaliswa yi-United States, zinemibutho elungiselwe kwakhona ngokwembali yeqela lamaJapan. Ngoo 1980 kunye nowe-1990, ukhuphiswano lorhwebo ngeenqwelo-mafutha kunye neematshini ezincinane ezikhokelele kukwahlulwahlulwano phakathi koshishino oluthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (ngokufuthi luxhaswa yiLDP) kunye namalungu akwindawo ephakamileyo (axhaswa ngamaqela aphikisanayo). Kutshanje, urhwebo lwaseU.S.-Japan luvumelanisa uthetho lwe-LDP oluphantsi kolawulo lweTRUMP lunyanze ulungelelanisa umgangatho walo we-propulsyn kunye nezilangazelelo zasekhaya, uxinzelelo oluxhatshano oluxhatshazwayo kwinkundla yasemaphandleni.

Iimpikiswano zorhwebo nazo ziyadibana neengxoxo zokhuseleko. Izivumelwano ezixhasa umanyano olunamandla lwase-U.S. zingamathidala ukugxeka inkqubo yorhwebo lwaseMelika, ngeli xesha abo bakhuthaza inkqubo ezimeleyo yamanye amazwe besebenzisa ukhuphiswano lorhwebo ukuphikisa amacandelo oqoqosho eJapan. Ingxoxo emalunga nokudibanisa iComprehensive and Province Reacement for Trans-Pacificial internealistration (CPP) kunye nePP yengingqi yeQelaniso lezentelline exhathisa i-ethileyo (RCEP) idiansced syndial ediant ediant arcectrial ediants edientnerial ediation exhathiweyo (REP) yamazwe ahlukeneyo eJapan ijongene nembono ekhuphisanayo yezoqoqosho kwikamva lezoqoqosho.

Uxolo Lwembali Nolwalamano Lwengingqi

Inkcaso ngenkumbulo yemfazwe nokucela uxolo ihlala inamandla ngokwezobupolitika. Iphiko le-LDP elidla ngokunxulunyaniswa neyayingumphathi-mikhosi uAbe, liye laqhubela phambili ukuze lifumane ingxelo yembali yolawulo lwesizwe, kuquka ukuya eYasukuni Shrine, ebangela ukuba ulwalamano olubi ngakumbi neTshayina neSouth Korea. Amaqela enkcaso, ingakumbi iCDP neJCP, aye azigxeka ezi ntshukumo abiza ukuba zibonakale zibuhlungu ngakumbi.

Ezi mpikiswano zembali zichaphazela ukwenziwa komanyano ngqo. Umzekelo, ebudeni bengxoxo yonyaka ka-2015 ngomthetho wokhuseleko, amaqela aphikisayo avumelanayo ngemfuneko yokuphepha ukujika kwesizwe kwimigaqo yamanye amazwe adityaniswe kunye, nangona ayengavumelani kwezinye imibandela ezininzi. Ngokufanayo, ukuguqulwa kweJCP ukuya kumgangatho othe qeleleneyo kwisivumelwano sase-U.S. kwiminyaka yakutshanje phantse qha, amaqela alwa nomnqweno wokudibanisa inkcaso ebanzi ngokuchasene nohlaziyo lwembali yeLDP's.

Imiphumo Ebalaseleyo Yeengxaki Zemigaqo Yasemzini

Iimpikiswano zomgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe awachaphazeli nje kuphela izicunga-nxaxheba; akwabumba indlela yokuziphatha yokuvota kunye namaqhinga eqela kwibhokisi yokuvota. Iziphumo ezingundoqo zokukhetha ziquka:

  • [[FLT: 0] I-Issue surece:[ Xa inkxwaleko yenkqubo yamanye amazwe ilawula ukugquma kwengxelo yeendaba, inganyusa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwengingqi njengemiba yokuvota ephambili, inceda amaqela agqalwa njengonamandla ekukhuseleni.
  • Ukuhlahlela: Imikhosi isebenzisa inkqubo yamanye amazwe ukulungiselela isiseko sayo. Amaqela esizwe afumana inkxaso phakathi kwabavoti abavakalelwa kukuba basongelwa yiTshayina okanye iRashiya, ngoxa amaqela angenamdla womoya ebhenela kwabo boyika umkhosi.
  • Amathuba aphindwe kaninzi: Amathuba adidayo anokuthi iilayini zesithethe zengqiqo zivule isithuba samaqela amatsha. Ngokomzekelo, iQela leNtshukumo yeJapan litsala abavoti abakhululekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho kodwa abakhathazeyo kwimithetho yamanye amazwe/umxube ongamelekiyo i-LDP okanye CDP ngokupheleleyo.

Imijikelo yonyulo yakutshanje eJapan ibonise ukuba inkqubo yamanye amazwe ingasusa amavoti. Kunyulo jikelele lwama-2021, i-LDP yalwamkela ngamandla ulwamkelo lwayo olunamandla ngokuchasene neTshayina kunye nomanyano lwayo lomthetho, olwayincedayo ukugcina uninzi olunezothe. Okwangoku, iCDP izama ukuzihlula ngokugxininisa uthethano kodwa yazama ukufumana unyulo phakathi konyulo oluphezulu lwendlu. Kunyulo lwendawo ephezulu engama-20222, umba wokuzihlaziya nomanyano lwemithetho-defense waphinda wahlula inkcaso, ivumela i-LDP-Komito imbutho yomanyano yokuphumelela.

Iintsontela Zekamva Lezobupolitika LeJapan

Impembelelo yenkxwaleko yemithetho yamanye amazwe kwiingingqi zezobupolitika zamaJapan isenokukhula.

  • Ukhuphiswano lwentlalo-ntle yomhlaba wonke: Ukhuphiswano oluqinisayo lwe-U.S. lunyanzelisa amaqela amaJapan ukuba athathe iindawo ezicacileyo kulungelelwaniso. I-LDP isemva ko-U.S., ngelixesha i CDP ibize ngenye indlela ecacileyo "ukwenza ucedo lwendlela". Oku kutshona kwenqanawa kunokwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi ukuxoxa ngexa elizayo.
  • Uguqulelo lweConstitualial: I-LDP' ezingisileyo kwinqaku 9 ihlala iyindawo yokuzihlaziya. Nayiphi na inkqubela kuguqulelo izakwaphula inkcaso kwaye ingacinezela umnqoqo weLDP-Komeito, njengoko iKomeito iye yalumka ngokwembali ukulahla igalelo lempi.
  • [[Ukhuseleko loqoqosho: 0] ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho: Iziphumo ezifana nocotho-nkqubo, ulawulo lokuthumela, kunye nokubonelela ngetsheyina kuba ziindawo zokulwa zenkqubo zangaphandle. Amaqhaga azakulungelelanisa ubuchule bezoqoqosho nomngcipheko we-Phondo, nto leyo eza kudala iindawo ezintsha zokungavumelani.
  • [[FLT: 0] Utshintsho lwesizukulwana sesizukulwana: Abavoti abancinane eJapani bathanda ukuba ngabemi bomhlaba wonke kwaye bangaqhotyoshelwa kakhulu kwimithetho yemfazwe yomlomo yamanye amazwe. Njengoko baba yinxalenye enkulu yonyulo, amaqela angafuna ukutshintsha imigangatho yawo yamanye amazwe, ekwaziyo ukwenza indawo yezivumelwano ezintsha.

Ngokushwankathela, iimpikiswano zemithetho yamanye amazwe ngamandla aguqulayo kwinkqubo yeqela leJapan. Bangadala umanyano ngokujongene noxinzelelo lwangaphandle kodwa njengabo baqhawula ngokulula ubudlelane obukhoyo xa imigaqo esisiseko ingqubana. Amaqela amaJapan akangobalandeli abangenzi nto bemithetho emiselweyo yamanye amazwe; asebenzisa ezi mpikiswano ngokukhutheleyo ukumisa, ukukhuphisana ngabavoti, nokuguqula uvumelwano lwesizwe. Abaqwalaseli abajolise kwimicimbi yezobupolitika yasekhaya yaseJapan baphosa umlinganiselo obalulekileyo: ukuma kwelizwe lonke kukubonakalisa impikiswano yangaphakathi kunye nomqhubi wazo.

Isiphelo

Iimpikiswano zemithetho yamazwe angaphandle azithethi zobupolitika zamaJapan; zingundoqo ekuqondeni indlela amaqela aququzelela ngayo, akhuphisana, kwaye alawula ngayo. Ukusuka kwimiqathango yengingqi yokhuseleko kunye neengxaki zorhwebo, ezi ngxabano zisebenza njengezinto ezibangela intsebenziswano kunye nengxabano. Impikiswano yeZiqithi zeSenkaku, impikiswano yeMigangatho yaseMantla, kunye neengxoxo zembali zoxolelwaniso zonke zibonisa ukuba inkqubo yamanye amazwe yangaphandle ingamanyanisa amaqela ngexesha leengxaki kodwa ikwadala izantlukwano ezihlala zihleli zilungelelanisa umhlaba wokwenene. Njengoko iJapan isebenza ngokutshintsha okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kwemeko yehlabathi kunye nezivumelwano zamaqela aya kuphinda intsonkotheke, iguqule yonke into evela ekutyeni kwendlela yokuzinzonzo ephambili ukuya kwikhondo elifanelekileyo lesizwe.

[[FLT: 0] ngokuphindaphindeneyo funda: Icebo kwi Iintshukumo zamazwe angaphandle - Senkaku Islands Dispute qha qha qha Iziqithi - Kuril kunye ne Japan- Russia . → Ixesha le Japan - Imicimbi yejoni egqunyiweyo[[FLT:]]