Ilizwe laseJapan kudala labunjwa luluhlu lwempembelelo entsonkothileyo, phakathi kwalo izilangazelelo zoshishino zinendima ephambili nehlalayo. Ulwalamano phakathi kwe-Japan esebenzayo kunye namaqela ezobupolitika esizwe lusekelwe ngokunzulu, luchaphazela yonke into esuka kwinkxaso yenkxaso yemali kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa kwezixhobo eziphambili zolawulo kunye namaqela aphikisanayo. Ukuqonda le mpembelelo ibalulekile ekuqondeni indlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo eTokyo, ingakumbi kwimiba esukela ekuthengiseleni ubuchule kunye nokuguqulwa kwemiqathango yamandla kunye nolawulo lwenkampani. Ngoxa impembelelo yeshishini isoloko ibekwa njengentsebenzi ekhuthaza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, ikwanyusa imibuzo ebalulekileyo ngokunikezelwa kwedemokhrasi, ukusetyenziswa kolawulo-cuka, ukurhwaqeshwa, nokulungelelwa kwemali phakathi korhwebo nolawulo lwangasese.

Indima Yeshishini Kwezobupolitika EJapan

Izilangazelelo zeshishini eJapan azisebenzi kwimigca esecaleni yenkqubo yezobupolitika; ziqiniswe ngokunzulu kuyo. Imibutho kunye namaqumrhu oshishino athatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ngeminikelo yemali, inkqubo esesikweni nengacwangciswanga, kunye nokukhuliswa kolwalamano lwexesha elide noopolitiko abangundoqo kunye namashishini. Oku kuthembisana akuthethi nje kuphela kodwa kusoloko kusebenza, namaqela oshishino afuna ukubumba ummiselo olungileyo ukuze akhusele iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kwimimiselo yezorhwebo, inkqubo yerhafuthezo, kunye nemiqathango yenkxaso ecacileyo.

Imvelaphi Yangaphambili: Unxantathu Wentsimbi

Ixesha lasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II layilwa ngobuchule bolwalamano lwale mihla phakathi kweshishini nezobupolitika eJapan. Ngexesha lolwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo nolwando, kwavela umanyano olunamandla olubizwa ngokuba yi "Iron Triangle". Eli gama lichaza ulwalamano oludityanisiweyo phakathi kwamaqela amathathu: iLiberal Democratic Partition (LDP), eye yalawula iJapan ngethuba elininzi emva kwemfazwe; urhulumente ophakamileyo usasazo zobububhetuucrate kwi-njisi obufana noBulungiseleli be-Ecomy, Tranti, noshishino (MET) kunye noBulungiseleli beMali ye-Malifere; kunye nokhokelo lwemibutho emikhulu yezoshishino kunye neentlalo.

Olu manyano lusebenza kwinkqubo yeenzuzo zophicotho-zizo. Abezobupolitika babexhomekeke kwishishini lemirhumo yephulo nenkxaso yezobupolitika. Abaphathi-mikhosi baxhomekeke kwintsebenziswano yequmrhu ukuzalisekisa inkqubo yoshishino nokuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho. Ngokulandelayo, amashishini afumana imimiselo elungileyo, ukufikelela kwiinkqubo zokwenza izigqibo, kunye nokukhusela kukhuphiswano lwamanye amazwe. Iron Triangle yayingesiso isiko lomthetho kodwa yayiluthungelwano olunzulu oluneengenelelo olwabumba imode yesizwe yaseJapan, apho urhulumente neshishini lasebenza khona ukufikelela iinjongo zezoqoqosho. Ngoxa le nkqubo iphumele amashumi eminyaka yokhuthulo lwempumelelo, ikwadala ukhuthulo kunye nokuchasana, njengoko abaqhubi bengenelwe kwimo ye-Octrome.

Impembelelo Nocelomngeni Lwale Mihla

Namhlanje, impembelelo yezilangazelelo zoshishino ihlala inamandla, nangona imeko-bume yokusebenza ivele ngokuphawulekayo. Ukugqabhuka kwexabiso lexabiso lexabiso ekuqaleni koo1990, ukurhoxa koqoqosho okulandelayo, kunye notshintsho lwezobupolitika konke kuguqule umhlaba. Ekwakukhe kwane-Iron Iron Triangle yenze buthathaka, ingakumbi amandla e-bhureaucrates ngokunxulumene nabepolitiki neenkokeli zezoshishino. Noko ke, impembelelo yenkampani iye yazitshintsha yaza yaqhubeka iqhubeka isuka kwimijelo ecace ngakumbi, nangona ingenampembelelo encinci, imijelo.

Imingeni yanamhlanje iquka uphando oluthe kratya loluntu lwenkcitho yezopolitiko eshishinini, iimfuno ezikhulayo zemisebenzi yentlalo-ntle, kunye nokuma kobuxhakaxhaka obuninzi bezobuzwe. Abahlalutyi bathi impembelelo egqithisileyo yeshishini ingakhokelela kwimigaqo-nkqubo exhasa amashishini amakhulu kumashishini amancinane, abasebenzi, nabathengi. Umzekelo, imigudu yokwahlula imigaqo yolawulo idla ngokunceda iinkampani ezinkulu ezinezinto ezinokukwazi ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ngoxa utshintsho oluthengiselwano lwemisebenzi lungabangela ukuba abaqeshwa bafumane ukhuseleko. Uxinezeleko phakathi koshishino olunelo lwezoshishino oluthe lwezoqoqosho, ukhuthulo lwezo-demo-demokhrasi, kunye nenkqubo echasene nempembelelo engafanelekanga nempembelelo engafanelekanga, lusoloko luyingxoxo enkulu kwezobupolitika kwezobupolitika kwezobupolitika zamaJapan.

Ubuchule Bokwenza Izivumelwano Zezobupolitika

Izilangazelelo zeshishini zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa impembelelo kumaqela ezobupolitika aseJapan. Ezi ndlela zisuka kwiminikelo ethe ngqo yemali ukuya kwiintlobo ezichuliweyo zokwakha ulwalamano kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukuqonda la majelo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni umlinganiselo kunye nobume bamandla entlangano kwinkqubo yezobupolitika.

Ukunikela Nemali Kwezobupolitika

Iminikelo ethe ngqo yemali yeyona nkqubo ibonakalayo nenempikiswano. Phantsi koMthetho weNgxowa-mali yoLawulo lwePhondo yeJapan, imibutho neminye imibutho ivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukwenza iminikelo kumaqela ezobupolitika nakumazwe asekuhlaleni, phantsi kwemida ethile kunye neemfuno zokutyhila. Ngokwembali i-LDP ibingumvuni oyintloko weminikelo yenkampani, ifumana intlawulo eninzi kwimizi - mveliso enjengemali, ukwakhiwa, amayeza, kunye nokuveliswa kwemibutho. Le minikelo isoloko isiwa ngemibutho exhasa amaqela ezobupolitika okanye ngokuthe ngqo, eyaziwa njenge

Umlinganiselo wemali exhaswayo yenkampani unika amashishini amandla anzima. Amaqela ezobupolitika, ingakumbi lawo angenazo izinyuko ezibanzi zamalungu, axhomekeke kule minikelo ukuxhasa amaphulo onyulo abiza imali eninzi kunye nemisebenzi yeqela. Abanikeli abaniki ngaphandle kokulindela; bafuna ukufikelela nokuphembelela. Oku kwenza iinguqu ezinkulu apho inkqubo isenokubunjwa ngokufihlakeleyo ukuze ivumelane nezilangazelelo zenkampani, ingakumbi kwimicimbi yobugcisa apho ingqalelo kawonke wonke iphantsi kodwa izoqoqosho luphezulu.

Ukuphanga Nokungalawuleki Komgaqo - siseko

Ngaphandle kweminikelo yemali, izilangazelelo zoshishino zibandakanyeka kwintsebenziswano ebanzi kunye nenkqubo yokurhoxisa. Esona sithuthi siphambili soku yiJapani Business Federation, esaziwa njenge- Keidan. Keidan yeyona inamandla nesona singenisi soshishino selizwe, simela amashishini amakhulu angaphezulu kwe-1, kunye neembutho ezininzi zeshishini. Isebenza ngokugxabha namaqela ezobupolitika, urhulumente, kunye neofisi yomphathi-ofisi ephambili kwimiba emininzi yemiba yemithetho, ukusuka kulungiso nobuchule borhwebo kunye nolawulo lwezentlalo- shishino.

Impembelelo kaKeidanren ifumaneka kungekuphela nje kwisiseko samalungu ayo kodwa kwakhona kubuchule bayo bokuvelisa izindululo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuququzelela izikhundla zoshishino. Umbutho ukhupha rhoqo iingxelo zenkqubo kunye nengcebiso, ezithathwa nzulu ngabenzi bemithetho. Iinkampani ngazinye zikwathatha intsebenziswano ngqo, zisebenzisa iibhula-bhulasi okanye abezobupolitika njengezokulawula ulawulo lwezopolitiko kunye nezolawulo. Olu mnyango lujikelezayo phakathi kolawulo lukawonke nolwabantu, olwaziwa ngokuba [[FLT: 0] amadagri (icenter), (ekho), ikhuthaza imijelo engacwangciwisiweyo yempembelelo yoomatilo mkhosi.

Ucango oluphangaleleyo phakathi kweshishini noRhulumente

Isixokelelwano singumsebenzi owahlukileyo wolawulo lwamaJapan okhuthaza impembelelo yeshishini. Abalawuli abaphezulu, xa bethatha umhlala-phantsi kwinkonzo karhulumente, badla ngokuthatha izikhundla zolawulo kwinkampani zamacandelo obuqu ababekhe bamisela. Oku kudala isindululo esinamandla sokudibanisa izigqibo zabo zolawulo kunye neemfuno zeshishini, njengoko amathemba abo omsebenzi weposi axhomekeke ekulondolozeni ulwalamano oluhle noshishino. Ngoxa utshintsho kwiminyaka yakutshanje luye lwafuna ukulinganisela eyona misebenzi ibalulekileyo [[FLT.FLT:2] kudala ukulwa kwe-amadamatika [[FLTLT]], uqheliso kuqhubekelo oluthe lwamakho phakathi kwemigca elungele ukuqhuba i-'injini.

Kwicala lezobupolitika, abezobupolitika abaninzi abadla umhlala-phantsi nabo baguqukela kwicandelo leqela leqela okanye kwimisebenzi yokhuthazo. Lo mbutho wabasebenzi phakathi kwamacandelo ukhuthaza impucuko yokuqondana nokusabelana, kodwa unyusa inkxalabo malunga nenkxwaleko yomdla kunye nokukhukuliseka kolawulo oluzimeleyo. Ucango oluhluliweyo luqinisekisa ukuba iimbono zoshishino zimele zibekwe kakuhle ngaphakathi korhulumente kwaye imigaqo yenkqubo ihlala iqinile kwaye iqinile.

Impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo noLawulo

Impembelelo yezilangazelelo zeshishini ayinto ingabonakali; ineziphumo ezibonakalayo kwiziphumo zenkqubo nomgangatho wolawulo eJapan. Imigaqo emininzi engundoqo ibonisa indlela izinto eziphambili kwishishini ezilulolonga ngayo ucwangciso lwesizwe, ngokufuthi ezineziphumo eziphawulekayo kwiinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zebutho.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho nowiso-mthetho

Izilangazelelo zeshishini bezingabameli abathe rhoqo bokwenza ulungiso kunye nokuzinziswa kwezoqoqosho, ingakumbi ukususela ngo-1990 xa ukuhla okuqhubekayo kwezoqoqosho eJapan kwabangela ukufunwa kweenguqu zokwakha. I-Keidan kunye namanye amaqela oshishino aye aqhubela phambili ukugawulwa kwerhafu yenkampani, imithetho yengqesho ekhululekileyo, kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemiqobo yamazwe angaphandle kukhuphiswano olufana nemali kunye nentengiso.

Noko ke, ukupheliswa komthetho akuwancedi onke amashishini ngokulinganayo. Iinkampani ezinkulu ezinamandla okukhuphisana kwiimarike ezivulekileyo zidla ngokufumana inzuzo enkulu, ngoxa amashishini amancinane kunye noshishino olukhuselweyo lungazama ukuqhelanisa. Oku kuye kwaphelisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho kwaye kwafak ’ isandla ekuncipheni kwezoqoqosho zengingqi. Izigqibo zemithetho-nkqubo kwimibandela efana nokufikelela kwezolimo kunye nomthetho wokuthengisa intengiso zibonisa isenzo esilungeleleneyo phakathi koncedo lwabenzi bezorhwebo abathengi kunye namacandelo ajoliswe kakhulu, kunye nalawo aphambili ekuhlaleni, ngokufuthi ngenxa yemithetho yabo yezopolitiki ephambili.

Utshintsho Olubangelwa Kurhwebo Lomsebenzi

Inkqubo yokusebenza yenye ibala apho izilangazelelo zoshishino zinempembelelo enkulu khona. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edluleyo, iJapan iye yaqalisa uthotho lweentengiso zokurhwebelana kwabasebenzi abangekho semthethweni eziye zanyusa ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi, njengenxalenye yexesha nabasebenzi bokwexeshana. Olu tshintsho lwakhuthazwa ngamandla ngamaqela oshishino afuna ubuchule obungakumbi ekuqeshweni nasekudutyulweni, ingakumbi ngenxa yokhuphiswano lwehlabathi lonke nokungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho.

Ngoxa ezi nguqulelo zinyuse ukuhambela phambili kwengeniso eshishinini kunye namanani emisebenzi, zikwafak' isandla ekunyukeni kokungalingani kwengeniso nokunganqabiseki emsebenzini kwiqela elikhulayo labasebenzi. Impembelelo yezopolitiko yezoshishino iye yenza kwaba nzima ukwenza amanyathelo okulwa, afana nokhuseleko olomeleleyo kubasebenzi abangengajongi ngokomthetho okanye utshintsho kushishino lwabasebenzi abasebenzi abaphiliselanayo. Iziqumrhu zemisebenzi, ngokwesithethe ezidibaniswe namaqela achasayo, ziye zazama ukulingana namandla akhuthaza iimfuno zemisebenzi, okuphumela kwiziphumo ezithelekelela abaqeshi.

Izivumelwano Zorhwebo Nezezizwe Ngezizwe

Indlela yokusebenzisa iJapane kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe iphenjelelwa kakhulu zizinto zoshishino. Ukusukela kukarhulumente kwe-Trans-Pacific quartership (TPP) kunye neNkqubelano eqhubekayo ye-Trans-Pacificial internationalship (CPTP) yaqhutyelwa kwicala elikhulu ngokuphuma kushishino oluthe lwathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ingakumbi abenzi bezithuthi zenqwelo-moya kunye nabenzi bezombane. Ezi nkampani zabona izivumelwano njengeziyimfuneko ekulondolozeni ukuhambelana nentengiso yangaphandle kunye nokukhuphisana nabo bamazwe aseMzantsi Korea naseTshayina.

Ngokuchaseneyo, amacandelo akhuselweyo anjengezolimo kunye nonyango avakalisa inkcaso enamandla ekuthengiseleni ngesisa, ukoyika ukhuphiswano oluvela kwiintengiso eziphantsi. Ubuchule be-LDP bokuqhuba ezi ngcinezelo zikhuphisanayo bubonakalisa impembelelo yeenkxalabo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini phakathi kweqela. Ukuhleba, kuquka ukuxhasa ngemali ngesisa abalimi kunye nokuncitshiswa kwentsebenziswano ngokuthe ngcembe, kubonisa indlela izilangazelelo zeshishini ezibucala ezibucala ngayo kwinkqubo yezobupolitika. Impembelelo efanayo idlalwa nokunxibelelana neEurope kunye nengxoxo eqhubekayo engqungquthelanisweni yamandla eJapan, apho oomatshini abasebenza kunye nabasebenzi bemizi - mveliso babumba ingxoxo kumandla enyukliya namandla anokubuyiselwa.

Uhlolisiso Lwempembelelo Yeshishini

Ukuhlolisisa amatyala athile kunikela inkcazelo ecacileyo ngendlela igunya lenkampani eliyiguqula ngayo impembelelo yezobupolitika neziphumo zobupolitika.

IKeidan neQumrhu loMashishini laseJapan

Keidanren umi njengomzekelo obalaseleyo wempembelelo yezoshishino elungelelanisiweyo eJapan. Isungulwe ngo 1946, ukudityaniswa kuguqukile ukusuka kwiqumrhu elilawulayo emva kwemfazwe liba ngumbutho onamandla obumba imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe. Impembelelo ye-Keidanren ibekwe ngokweentlanganiso ezithe rhoqo namagosa aphezulu karhulumente, ukuba nenxaxheba kumabhunga olawulo lukarhulumente ([[FLT: 0]]shnikaikai[), kwaye impembelelo yemigaqo ebanzi yezomthetho ibekwe phambi kwezigqibo eziphambili zoqingqo-mali kunye nezigqibo zomthetho.

Enye yempumelelo ephawulekayo kaKeidan yaba yindima yayo ekuqhubeleni phambili ulawulo lwezi nkampani kwimimandla ephezulu kuma-2010. Unyuselo lwaqhubela ekufumaneni iCorporate Goverdance Code kunye neKhodi yomphathi-mikhosi, ejolise ekuphuculeni ukubonakala nokuphendula komntu. Ngelixesha olu tshintsho luye lwamiselwa njengemilinganiselo elungileyo yolawulo, lukwadityaniswa nemisebenzi emikhulu yabavelisi kunye neenkampani ezithenjiweyo eziphuma kwamanye amazwe ezifuna ukutsala ikomkhulu lamanye amazwe. UKeidan ubuchule bokumisela izinto zalo elifanelekileyo njengeemfuno zesizwe, endaweni yezilangazelelo zenkampani ezincinane, lingundoqo wokusebenza kwalo.

Noko ke, impembelelo kaKeidanren ayiphelelanga. Kwimiba efana nomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla emva kwentlekele yenyukliya yaseFukushima, unikezelo lujongene nomva osuka kuluvo lukawonke-wonke nakumaqela ezobupolitika angawathembi amandla enyukliya. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwanawona mamkela anamandla oshishino kufuneka alwe nemikhosi elwayo, kuquka uluntu, uphando lwezelelwano, kunye nolwahlulo lwamaqela ahlukeneyo.

Inkqubo yoshishino lwemizi - mveliso yezamayeza kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezonyango

Ishishini lonyango lonyango lwamayeza linikela imeko enyanzelisayo yempembelelo edityanisiweyo. Intengiso yamayeza yaseJapan yeyesithathu ngobukhulu ehlabathini, kwaye abenzi beziyobisi zasekhaya baye bahlala besondelene kakhulu noBulungiseleli bezempilo, iLabour and Welfare kunye nabezobupolitika. Olu lwalamano luye lwayila iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, ukhuseleko olusemthethweni, kunye neenkqubo zokugunyaziswa.

Ukuphembelela ishishini loshishino kuye kwaphumelela ngokukhethekileyo ekulondolozeni amaxabiso aphezulu eziyobisi eJapan xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe ahambele phambili. Inkqubo karhulumente yokumisela amaxabiso okuhlawula amayeza ayimfihlelo, kwaye abameli bamashishini abathathi-nxaxheba kwiikomiti zolawulo ezincomela izigqibo zoshishino. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekugxekeni ukuba inkqubo ivumela abavelisi beziyobisi ezixhaswayo kugcino-mali lwenkqubo ye-inshorensi yempilo yesizwe. Imigudu yokulungisa iziyobisi ezithe zajamelana nenkcaso enzima nezo zixhobo zeziyobisi ezichasabhethayo kumaziko ezoshishino, abaphikisa ukuba amaxabiso aphantsi anokuphelisa imveliso. I-istoff ibonisa indlela izilangazelelo ezoshishino ezimisiweyo ezinokulizisa okanye utshintsho oluthi lwawo wonke xa inzala icacile.

Ubugcisa Bokwakha Nemisebenzi Kawonkewonke

Ushishino lokwakha luye lwaba yenye yezona candelo zinempembelelo kwezobupolitika zamaJapan, ingakumbi ngexesha lokukhula okuphezulu. I-'complification State' ([[FLT: 0]]'ken kokka') ibhekiselela kumanyano olusondeleyo phakathi kweenkampani zokwakha, i-LDP yezobupolitika emela ama-contitue, kunye noBulungiseleli belizwe, i-Infraturestruction, i-Towation kunye neTourism. Olu manyano lwaqhuba imisebenzi emikhulu kawonke echitha iindlela, iibhulorho, amada, nezinye izibonelelo, ngokufuthi kwiindawo ezinokuthotywa kwabemi abahlayo kunye nokugwetyelwa kwezoqoqosho.

Iinkampani zokwakha zaziphakathi kweenkampani ezinkulu ezinikela ngemali nevoti kwi-LDP, ingakumbi ezo zisuka kwimimandla yasemaphandleni apho imisebenzi kawonke-wonke yayingumthombo oyintloko wemisebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Le nkqubo yenza isethi yentsebenziswano enamandla: abezobupolitika abakhuselelwe ukuxhasa imisebenzi kwimimandla yabo, iinkampani zafumana izivumelwano ezinika ingeniso, kwaye zombini zangenelwa kwintsebe eliqhubekayo lemali kunye namavoti. Ngoxa utshintsho ukususela kumawaka ama- 2000 luye lwanciphisa eyona mali ilahleko, uqhubo lolwano lokwakha luhlala lungumsebenzi onamandla kwimiqathango yesiseko soshishino, ingakumbi kwimimandla exhomekeka kawonke. Le meko ibonisa indlela impembelelo yezoshishino enokuthi iqhubekeke ngayo nakujongwa nokutshintsha kwemali kunye nokunyuka koburhulumente.

Ukugxekwa Notshintsho

Ukudibanisa okunzulu izilangazelelo zoshishino kwinkqubo yezobupolitika yaseJapan akukhange kuphele. Abahlalutyi kwiingingqi zezobupolitika baye baphakamisa inkxalabo ngeziphumo zolawulo lwedemokhrasi, ukuthelekisa kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokusebenza kwemigaqo. Oku kugxekwa kuye kwabangela uludwe lweenguqu, nangona impembelelo yabo idityanisiwe.

Ukuxhalabela Ngaphezu Kokuphendula Kwedemokhrasi

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukugxekwa kukuba impembelelo yenkampani eninzi inciphisa ukuthembeka kwedemokhrasi. Xa imibutho etyebileyo ikwazi ukuthenga ngokunempumelelo inkqubo yokufikelela nokumila, umgaqo womntu omnye, ukuvota omnye uyaphela. Abemi abaqhelekileyo namashishini amancinane abasweleyo ubuncwane bokukhuphisana namandla akhuthazayo eefekta ezinkulu. Oku kusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yempembelelo yeqonga kuphumela kwiziphumo zokukhetha ikomkhulu ngaphezu kokusebenza, kwaye kubangelwa zizinto eziphambili ekuphembeleni izilangazelelo zikawonke-wonke.

Abahlalutyi bakwakhomba ekungabini nakubonakala kwenkxaso yezobupolitika. Phezu kwako nje ukutyhilwa kwemfuno, imali eninzi yenkampani ihamba ngamajelo amfiliba, kuquka ii-akhawunti zeqela lezobupolitika kunye namaqela enkxaso yabantu bezobupolitika. Oku kwenza kube nzima ngabavoti ukukhangela unxulumano phakathi kwabanikeli nezigqibo. Iimvavanyo ezibandakanya iminikelo engachazwanga kunye nongquzulwano lomdla woluntu oluvela rhoqo, ukukhuthaza ukugxekwa kwabantu ngenkqubo yezobupolitika. Ukuthemba kumaqumrhu eJapan kusezantsi, kwaye imbono yokuba izobupolitika zixhotyiswe kushishino olukhulu yindima enegalelo.

Iimpendulo ezicace gca nezigunyazisayo

Ukuphendula kwezi zinto zixhalabisayo, iJapan iye yasebenzisa utshintsho oluninzi olujolise ekunyuseni ukubonakala okucacileyo nokulinganisela ezona ndlela zininzi zempembelelo. UMthetho woLawulo lwePhondo lweNgxowa-mali utshintshwe amaxesha amaninzi kwimfuno eziqinisiweyo ze kuncitshiswe indima yemali yenkampani. Imida yomanyano yezorhwebo iye yamiselwa, kwaye amaqela ezobupolitika ngoku kufuneka anikele ingxelo yeminikelo ngaphezulu kwemiqobo ethile. Noko ke, ukunyanzelisa akulingani, kwaye kuhleli. Umzekelo, iminikelo kumaqela axhasa amaqela ezobupolitika ngamanye azimeleyo anokunikeza ingxelo engaphantsi kokwalatha okudityaniswayo kunezo ngxelo zeqela.

Isixokelelwano se- samadudari sikwajoliswe kwiinguqu. Umthetho ngoku uthintela amandla oosomashishini abathatha umhlala-phantsi ukuba bathathe imisebenzi kwiinkampani ababekade belawula, kwaye ufuna ixesha lokulinda phambi kokuhamba. Noko ke, ababukeli abaninzi baphikisa ukuba lo mkhwa uyaqhubeka kwimijelo engacwangciswanga kwaye izithethe ze-Iron Triangle ziyaqhubeka. Ukusebenza kwezi inguqulelo kuyaphikisana, ngokuphikisa ngokuthi banempembelelo ecacileyo ekunciphiseni ukonakala, ngelixa abanye bephikisa ukuba baphembelele nje kwimisebenzi efihlakeleyo emfihlekweni.

Imibutho yamakhaya kunye neentatheli eziphandayo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni impembelelo yeshishini kwaye zigcine abezobupolitika benoxanduva. Imibutho engeyoyaburhulumente ejolise ekubonakaleni nokuziphendulela iyanda, nangona ihlala iphantsi komnikelo xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani zezoshishino. Amajelo-ndaba, nangona esoloko egxeka ukusondelelana kwayo namandla olawulo, akwabhenca amahlazo kwaye agcina umngeni wemali kwezobupolitika kwiliso likawonke-wonke. Le mikhosi idiza ephikisanayo inikela uvavanyo kumandla enkampani, nokokuba ingakhange iguqule ulungelelwano lwempembelelo.

Isiphelo

Impembelelo yezilangazelelo zoshishino kumaqela ezobupolitika aseJapan yimbonakalo echazayo yenkqubo yolawulo lwelizwe. Isekelwe kurhulumente wasemva kwemfazwe yokuphuhliswa kwaye iqhubekeke ngobuchule benkxaso-mali, ukurhwebelana, kunye nombutho wabasebenzi, inkqubo yokulawula amandla enkampani iphumele phantse kuyo yonke imida yomgaqo-siseko kawonke-wonke. Ngoxa olu nxulumano luye lwafak ’ isandla kwimpumelelo yezoqoqosho yeJapan, lunyusa imibuzo eqhubekayo malunga nogunya-demokhrasi kunye nokusasazwa kweenzuzo kunye nemithwalo kwibutho labantu.

Indaleko yale mpembelelo ibonisa utshintsho oluphangaleleyo kwizoqoqosho nezobupolitika zaseJapan. Ukuncipha kwe-Iron Triangle, ukunyuka kwezenzo ezibonisayo, nokuvela kwabaxhasi abatsha abanoxanduva abafana nabaxhasi kunye namaqela ebutho lasekuhlaleni bonke bawutshintshile umhlaba. Kodwa umahluko ongundoqo wobuncwane phakathi kwabadlali bequmrhu kunye namanye amaqela usahlala. Amaqela ezobupolitika, ingakumbi i-LDP, ayaqhubeka exhomekeke kwinkxaso yezoshishino, kwaye inkqubo iyaqhubeka ibonakalisa izinto eziphambili kwinkampani.

Ukuqonda indima yezilangazelelo zeshishini kubalulekile kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda ezopolitiko zamaJapan. Ichaza isizathu sokuba ezinye iinkqubo zithatyathwe okanye zixhathiswe, isizathu sokuba amanye amacandelo aphumelele ngexesha amanye ehla, nesizathu sokuba utshintsho lusoloko lukhula kwaye lukhuphisana. Ukuze idemokhrasi yaseJapan ihlale iphilile kwaye isabela kwiimfuno zabo bonke abemi, impembelelo yezoshishino mayibe phantsi kovavanyo oluqhubekayo, ukubonakala, nokuchasana. Ulwalamano phakathi kwemali nezobupolitika alulucelomngeni olungaqhelekanga eJapan, kodwa uhlobo lwayo oluthile kunye neziphumo zayo zisekelwe kakhulu kwizithethe zeli lizwe kunye nezikhundla zezopolitiki.

[[UMTLL:0] Umahluko nofundo Oluthe Chuzu[[UMTL:1]