Isiseko somgaqo-siseko senkqubo elindelekileyo kuMthetho wokuHlanganisa

Imodeli yeNkqutyana yeNkqutyana yeNkqutyana yeSiphendu seSizwe yaseMelika, esekelwe kwiMagna Carta kunye neyaququzelelwayo kwiMagna Carta yoMgaqo-siseko wesihlanu ne-14. IsiHlamlisi sesihlanu sivakalisa ukuba akukho mntu oya kubekwa “kwimo esisiseko yobomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla engenayo inkqubo yomthetho.” Le nqanaba linwenwa kubo bonke abantu abakwi-U.S. Intsimi yentsimi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yindawo ephezulu, nokuba kusini na. Inkundla Ephakamileyo iqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuba ukungakhutshelwa kwemiba kumele ukuba kufanelwe kulunga okungundoqo, nokuba bangene ngokomthetho, nokuba bangena ngokungekho mthethweni ngokusemthethweni. Ityala lento engundoqo [FLT: 0]. [LD] v.[FLD [FLD1][197][19]

Phantsi koMthetho woHlahlelo noMmiselo we-Immignation and Nationality Act (INA) nemimiselo yombutho ekhutshwe yi-Ofisi yoLawulo oluPhezulu ye-Immigration Review (EOIR), inkqubo efanelekileyo iqinisekisa uthotho lwamalungelo okhuseleko amele ahlonelwe phambi kokuba umntu anikwe umyalelo wokususwa eUnited States. La malungelo aquka isaziso esibhaliweyo sezityholo, ithuba lokunikela ubungqina, ilungelo lokuhlola nokulungisa ubungqina bukarhulumente, kunye nelungelo lokubhena. Xa naluphi na ukhuseleko lungachatshazwa, ukususwa okuqhubekayo kusenokufunyanwa kungenabulungisa kunye nomyalelo wokususwa.

INkundla ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. igxininise ukuba ukugxothwa “kusisohlwayo esinzima ngokungakumbi” — kwezinye iimeko“ kukwamkeleka ukuba kungenziwa kakuhle kwendawo yokuhlala kweli lizwe” — kwaye ngoko ke iimfuno zenkqubo efanelekileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngenyameko. Esi siseko somGaqo-siseko sokwahlula iziphumo zokufuduka kwinkqubo yolawulo yamanye amazwe amaninzi, simisela isiqobo sokulungisa okusesikweni. Ukuqwalasela ngokunzulu indaleko yenkqubo yokukhusela abaphambukeli, kufuneka sijonge i-Cornell Information Institute of accomplity [[FLT]]

Phawula Izityholo: Ilungelo Lokwazi Ityala Ojamelene Nalo

Ilungu lokuqala nelona lisisiseko lenkqubo efunekayo ekugxothweni sisaziso esaneleyo. Urhulumente kufuneka asebenzise isaziso esingangeni ncam ukuze kuvele (NTA) esichaza iimbambano eziyinyaniso kunye nezizathu ezingokwasemthethweni zokususwa. Ngaphandle kwesaziso esicacileyo, umntu akanakulungiselela ukuzikhusela, kwaye yonke inkqubela ixokisiwe. Iinkundla zeSizwe zibambe ukuba iNTA engakwaziyo ukuchaza umhla, ixesha, okanye indawo yokuva isenokuchasana nenkqubo efanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphelisweni kwetyala lokususwa.

Isaziso kufuneka sibe kulwimi oluthi luchaphazeleke lungaqonda, okanye ubuncinane lukhatshwe ngumtoliki ngexesha lokuchola. I-Immigration Court Practice Manual ifuna ukuba i-NTAs ithunyelwe ngokobuqu okanye ngeposi kwidilesi enikezelwe ngumntu. Iingxaki zibakho xa abaphengululi bengazifumani isaziso kuba basuka ngaphandle kokukhupha idilesi yabo — umba oqhelekileyo wabafuduki abavaliweyo. Ukuthetha ngale nto, iBhodi ye-Immigration Apples (IA) igqibe kwelokuba utshintsho olubhaliweyo lwe-akhelingi kufuneka lugcinwe; kungenjalo, urhulumente angakhupha isaziso ngeposi rhoqo kwidilesi yokugqibela eyaziwayo, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kubonakala ngathi kuphumele ekususweni kwendlela. Abagxeki abachasayo baphikisa lo mthetho oyingozi.

Ukukwazi Ukuphulaphula Umgwebi Ongakhethi Buso

Inkcazo yeNkundla yoMhlalo

Amatyala okukhupha abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe agqunywa ngokusisigxina kwiinkundla zokufuduka, eziyinxalenye ye-Ofisi yoLawulo oluPhezulu ye-DOJ ye-Immigation Review. Abagwebi bokwahlukana (J) bamiselwa nguMphathi-mikhosi we-Athorney kwaye kufuneka babe ngamagqwetha anokubonelela okuninzi. Ekucholaleni, i-IJ imisela ukususwa kwemiyalelo xa i-IJ ibonisa ikhethe okanye ingaphumeleli ukuvelisa ingxelo epheleleyo.

Iinkcazelo Zokuva

Ngexesha lokuchongwa, urhulumente kufuneka angqine ukurhoxiswa “ngobungqina obucacileyo nobuyisekayo” kubemi abasisigxina abasemthethweni kunye“ nokuqwalaselwa kobungqina” ngabanye abangengobobo bangabo. Umphendulayo unelungelo lokunikela amangqina, unikezele amaxwebhu, kunye namangqina karhulumente anqamlezileyo. I-IJ imele umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuva okupheleleyo nokusesikweni kwenzeka — ithetha ukuba i-IJ ingafuna ukunceda ekungeneni okanye ekuchazeni izinto ezifunwa ngumthetho. Le misebenzi yokukhusela ingaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yokufuduka nokuphuma kwamanye amazwe [[FLT:]] ingumdlalelo ofanelekileyo.

Ukuva kunokwenzeka ngokobuqu, nge-tellect convect yevidiyo, okanye ngokufowunela. Ukusukela kwisifo se-COVID-19, ukuvakala kwevidiyo kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ngelixesha urhulumente etsalayo, abaxhasi baphikisa ngelithi ukuva okude kunokuthintela ukukwazi kwesakhono sokunxibelelana nesiluleko esingokwasemthethweni okanye ukubonisa ukuthembeka nge-persona se-panetic. Iinkundla zisalawula ngokuqinisekiyo nokuba ukuva okude enkundleni yabafuduki kuyayiphikisa inkqubo efanelekileyo, kodwa lo mba usasebenza. Funda okungakumbi ngesakhiwo se- inkundla yokwahlulwa komthetho [[FO:]]

Ukufumana Icebiso Elingokwasemthethweni

UHlaziyo lweNhlanu luqinisekisa inkqubo efunekayo, kodwa uMphetho-Msebenzi weSithandathu onelungelo lokunika isiluleko kwimicimbi yolwaphulo-mthetho awenzi nto kwimicimbi yokufuduka. Ngenxa yoko, ukungathathi nxaxheba ekususeni ityala linelungelo lokuqesha igqwetha ngeendleko zabo, kodwa abanalo ilungelo lokukhulula icebiso elimiselweyo. Oku kwenza ukuba urhulumente angabi naxesha lini lini nako ukumiswa kwemithetho: usoloko emelwa ligqwetha elisuka kwi-Immigration kunye neCrostom Enfoctmentment (IE), ngoxa abaninzi abaphendulayo bejongene-rhulumente kuphela. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba abantu ngabanye abamele ukuphumelela izihlandlo ezihlanu ukuphumelela kwabo. Ukuvuma oku, inani elikhulayo lemithetho iye yaxhaswa “kukulungela ngokufanelekileyo ukunikela isiluleko kwiinkqubo zokugxothwa kwe-Expost - New York City and Francisco.

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba umntu anikwe ithuba elifanelekileyo lokufumana isiluleko. Ukuba u-IJ ucela ixesha lokufumana igqwetha, kufuneka aqhubeke nesicelo, ukuba isicelo sisengqiqweni. Ukuba iIJ iyakhanyela ukuqhubeka kwaye i-IJ ibonakala ngaphandle kwecebiso, i-BIA ingafumanisa ukuba ukukhanyela kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwengqiqo okuchasene nenkqubo efanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba urhulumente umele aqhubeke eqhuba isimilo — njengegosa elilahlekisa umnqandi malungelo abo — ithintela umntu ekuqhagamshelaneni negqwetha igqwetha, nto leyo enokuthi ibangele ukuba kungabikho semthethweni.

Umelo olusemthethweni lubaluleke kakhulu kuba umthetho wokufuduka untsokothile kakhulu, unentlobo ezininzi zoncedo, imivalo, kunye neentlobo ezingaphandle. Ngaphandle kwegqwetha, umntu angawalahla amalungelo angaqondanga, angaphoswa ngexesha elimiselweyo, okanye asilele ukunikela ubungqina bentshutshiso. I-American Immigration Lawiters Association inikela izibonelelo zokufumana umelo olusezantsi. Ukuqwalaselwa okubanzi kwengxaki yokufikelela kwinkqubano yetyala lezentengiso, bona ingxelo ACLU’S malunga namalungelo abaphambukeli ekuvalelweni..

Amalungelo okunika ubungqina kunye nohlalutyo lomnqamlezo

Ukuva kakuhle kufuna ukuba umphulaphuli abe nethuba lokunikela ubungqina bokuxhasa imeko yabo kunye nokuvavanya ubungqina bukarhulumente. Oku kuquka ubungqina benkqubo (njengepassport, iziqinisekiso zokuzalwa, iingxelo zemeko yelizwe, iirekhodi zezamayeza) kunye nobungqina obungqinela (amangqina anokungqinelana neemfuno). Ijaji yokufuduka ingazibekela imida esengqiqweni kubungqina ukuba abunamsebenzi, iyaphindaphindwa, okanye ayinakubufihla ubungqina obuphathekayo ngaphandle kokuphula inkqubo ephambili [[[FLT:]]

Ukuxilongwa komnqamlezo kukwakhuselekile. Ingcebiso okanye icebo labo lingabuza amangqina karhulumente — adla ngokubuza amagqwetha etyala kunye nawo nawaphi na amangqina obuchule abizwa ngurhulumente. Ngokufanayo, urhulumente uyakwazi ukunqumla-inyani umphini kunye namangqina awo. Le nkqubo yokuhlola ibalulekile ekuvavanyeni ukuthembeka nokuqinisekisa ubungqina. Iinkundla zifumanise ukuba ukukhanyela ithuba lokunqamleza i-enote ngubungqina obungundoqo, ingakumbi apho urhulumente axhomekeke khona ukungqinelana nokuthembeka, kunokuphelisa umyalelo wokususwa.

Kwiimeko zokhuseleko, umxhasi usoloko efumana ubunzima bokuveza ubungqina bokuseka intshutshiso edlulileyo okanye “uloyiko olunesiseko esifanelekileyo” lwentshutshiso yexesha elizayo. Inkqubo efanelekileyo yokufumana ubungqina obukhoyo ibalulekile, kuba ingxelo engaphelelanga isenokukhokelela ekukhanyeni okuphosakeleyo kokhuseleko. Iingxelo zokhuseleko eziqwalaselweyo zisoloko zixhomekeke kumaxwebhu axhasa iingxelo zamapolisa, iingxelo zesibhedlele, okanye amaxhoba asuka kumalungu entsapho — izinto ezinokuba nzima ukufumana ukuba uthethotho luba ngokukhawuleza. IJ kufuneka anike “ixesha elisengqiqweni” lokufumana ubungqina obunjalo.

Amalungelo Esibheno noHlolo-zincwadi

Izibheno Zolawulo

Ukuba ijaji ephumayo ikhupha umyalelo wokususwa, umbhexeshi unelungelo lokubhenela kwiBhodi yezibheno zoNxibelelwano lwe-Imigration (BIA) ngeentsuku ezingama-30. I-BIA ihlola iziphumo zenyaniso phantsi “kona kuthe ngqo” imigangatho kunye nemibuzo yomthetho de novo. Isibheno kufuneka sichaze iimpazamo kwisigqibo sika-IJ; ukungaphumeleli ukwenza njalo kungaphumela ekufunyanisweni. Isibheno ku-BIA asiyonto intsha evakalayo; kodwa ibhodi igqiba ngokusekelwe kwingxelo ekhoyo. Noko ke, i-BIA isenokuphinda ichaze imeko ye-IJ ngenxa yeengcebiso ezithelekelelayo ukuba i-BIA ifumene impazamo ebhaliweyo okanye ubungqina obutsha.

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba isibheno sibe nentsingiselo. I-BIA kufuneka iqwalasele izibheno ize inikezele isigqibo esicatshuliweyo. Ukuba i-BIA ikhupha isishwankathelo sokungqinela ngaphandle koluvo (uqheliselo olubizwa ngokuba yi- “translining”), iinkundla zifumanise ukuba oku akungqubani nenkqubo efanelekileyo logama nje isigqibo se-IJ sicokisekile. Kodwa ukuba i-BIA ayiphumeleli ukuphendula impikiswano yesiseko, inkundla karhulumente ingalibuyisela eli tyala.

Impinda yeNkundla yoManyano

Emva konyango lolawulo oludinisayo, inkundla engakhange ivume ukuphinda icengceleza kwiNkundla yezibheno yase-U. Inkundla ingawubhukuqa umyalelo wokususwa xa ichasene nomGaqo-siseko, umthetho, okanye i-INA. Iinkundla zoMasipala ziye zarhoxa imiyalelo yokususwa kwemigaqo efanelekileyo yokungathobeli inkqubo ethile — umzekelo, xa i-IJ ikhaba ingazange iqhubeke naxa ityala lingaguqulelwanga ngokuchanekileyo, okanye xa urhulumente engazange anikeze isaziso esifanelekileyo. Noko ke, uMthetho we-REID ka-D ka-2005 osisibonelelo olusisithintela ngokungqongqo ukupheliswa kweminyaniswa kwemiqatha yemiqathango, njengokukhanka, ukuthintela ukuva okuchatshazelwa okuyinyaniso. Oko kuthintelwa kokungachatshazelwa kweminyani kwimiqatha ye-haspusppo kunye nenkqubo, kodwa iNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla yeNkundla ePhaka jikelele ixhasa igosa igosa igosa igosa igosa igosa igosa

Iinkundla zomanyano zesizwe zikwava izicelo ze-habeas corpus ezivela kubantu abangengobantu abavalelwe ekufudukeni, zinika indlela yokuvavanya ukuvalelwa entolongweni okugqithisileyo ngaphandle kokuvalwa komanyano. Zadvydas v. Davis [2001], iNkundla ePhakamileyo ikholelwa ukuba urhulumente akanakukwazi ukuvala ityala elingekho mzini ngonaphakade emva kokususwa komyalelo wokugqibela ukuba akukho “mathuba abalulekileyo okususwa kwikamva elifanelekileyo." Oko kuwiswa kwesigqibo kumele ilungelo lokukhulula kwinkqubo efanelekileyo.

Inkqubela elindelekileyo kumxholo wabafuni be-Asylmum kunye nabanikazi abanokufumaneka

Abafuni be-asylum bajamelana nocelomngeni oluqatha olufuneka ngokukhethekileyo. Basoloko befika kumda obaleka intshutshiso, ophazamisekileyo, nangenawo amaxwebhu. Abaninzi abathethi siNgesi kwaye abasweli ngokomthetho. Ngaphantsi “koloyiko olunokwenzeka” ukujonga inkqubo yokukhulula, umntu obonisa uloyiko lokubuya, kufuneka adlalelwe ngumphathi-mikhosi ofanelekileyo. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lokususa ukhuseleko. Ukuba igosa elifumana “uvavanyo” lwentshutshiso, umntu ufumana ukuva ngokupheleleyo phambi komgwebi ovela kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko inkqubela-ngxoxo ifuna ukuba umntu aqhutywe ngolwimi oluqondayo kwaye umphathi wenkonzo acinge bonke obubungqina obuyimfuneko. Noko ke, abagxeki abachazi bomthetho abachaphazelela ukuviswa kwendlela yokuzimela i-mthetho olungileyo, kodwa baphikisa inkqubo yokuvala i-aprigamend, i-odtmotein, i-ognognomet.

Iimeko zokungaqiniseki kwakhona zinokuthatha inyathelo elifanelekileyo. Urhulumente angabamba ii-odolo ezingekho mthethweni ngexesha indululwa ngalo. Kodwa iNkundla Ephakamileyo iye yagqiba kwelokuba ukuvalelwa okunde ngaphandle kokuvalwa komanyano kuphule inkqubo efunekayo, kuba inzala yenkululeko iyinto ekhoyo. [ Rodriguez v. Robbins [9] (iCICIK]]), inkundla ibambe ukuba ababambe ibotshelelwe ekuvaleni ityala linelungelo lokuvalelwa rhoqo iinyanga ezintandathu ngomthwalo karhulumente ukuze kungqinwe ngokucacileyo nangokunelisa ukuba ukuvalelwa okuqhubekayo kufanelekile. Ezinye iziphakatho ziye zamkela imithetho efanayo, nangona iNkuNkundla ephakamileyo ingakakhuphanga ulawulo lwesizwe sezwe lonke ilizwe. Kwinkqubo yokufuduswa kweminyaniso, bona i-FUGUGUS.[2] kunye ne-Ervetution .[3]

Impembelelo yenkqubo elindelekileyo kwiziphumo ezirhoxisiweyo

Xa inkqubo efanelekileyo ihlonelwa ngokupheleleyo, izigqibo zokugxotha zichane ngakumbi kwaye zisesikweni. Uphando lubonise ukuba ukunikela isiluleko kunye neenkonzo zokutolika kukhokelela kwinani eliphezulu lokunika uncedo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa inkqubo efunekayo incitshisiwe — umzekelo, ngokuva ixinanezelo olukhawulezileyo lwezibuko, ukufumaneka komguquleli olinganiselweyo, okanye ukungaqiniseki kwamalungelo — abantu banokuyalelwa ukuba basuswe naxa benobungqina obusemthethweni. Oku kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo: iintsapho zahlukene, abantu ngabanye bayabuyiselwa kwintshutshiso, kwaye abantu bathembana noluntu kwinkqubo yokufuduka.

Umzekelo omnye oqinileyo yinkqubo ye- “Operperation Stramline”, eqhuba abaphambukeli abaphambukeli kwityala elininzi phambi komgwebi omnye, maxa wambi kunye nabamangalelwa abaninzi kwinyathelo elinye. Iinkundla zephondo ziye zavakalisa inkxalabo yokuba iinkqubo ezinjalo zingaphula umthetho ofanelekileyo ukuba ijaji ayinakunikela ingqalelo nganye ngokobuqu. Ngokufanayo, “ii-rocket posset” isondela kwezinye iinkundla zokungena kwelinye ilizwe — ifuna ukuba amatyala agqitywe kwisixhobo esimisiweyo, isikali sexesha elifutshane — iye yagxekwa ngokucinezela abagwebi ukuba banqamle ubungqina okanye bakhanyele.

Inkqubo emiselweyo umgaqo ukwasikelwe umda wokusetyenziswa kobungqina obuyimfihlo. Urhulumente akanakuxhomekeka kulwazi lokwahlulwa ngaphandle kokunika ithuba elibalulekileyo lokuyiphikisa. Kaplan v. IChertoff [2006], iseketha ebambe ukuba usebenzisa ulwazi olungachazwanga kakuhle ekususeni iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Urhulumente kufuneka abelane bungqina (kwanokuba kwifomu etshatisiweyo) okanye angayisebenzisi. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wenkqubo ye-adversarial.

Ukhuseleko lwesizwe/lokhuseleko. Inkqubo elindelekileyo: Ukulungelelana okungalawulekiyo

Umthetho wokuthambisa ubudala obuyilwe yinkxalabo yokhuseleko lwesizwe. Emva kwe-9/11, urhulumente wandisa ukujongana, ukuvalelwa, kunye nokususwa kwetyala elithile “kwesizwe”. Inkqubo elindelekileyo ithatha isihlalo esisemva xa urhulumente esithi i-procededtural izakuphazamisa izilangazelelo zokhuseleko. Inkundla ePhakamileyo ithetha ngale ngxaki . Bush [2004], ekwandiswa i-habeas , ekwandiswa i-corpus kwimigray eGuannamobay, kwaye kwi-[FLT] [ii-HDA] e-irfd.[FLT] [204], eyayithiwe yi-UMGU.S.

[[NTLT:0] Ivume u-v. Kim [2003], iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaxhasa ukuvalelwa okuNganyanzeliswayo kwabaphambukeli abathile besohlwayo ababelindele ukususwa kwetyala, iqiqa ngelithi iKhomishini inesiseko esifanelekileyo sokuvalela abo basenokuba basengozini okanye babangele ingozi. Kodwa iNkundla iyavuma ukuba inkqubo efanelekileyo ibeke umlinganiselo wobude bokuvalelwa okunjalo. Amatyala arhoxisiwe kwigunya likarhulumente, ingakumbi iNTshawa yeNTSP Diouf izigqibo. Umlinganiselo ufuna ukuba urhulumente abonise isisongelo esingqalileyo kwaye umntu ngamnye abe nethuba lokusiva.

Ukuhambela Phambili Kotshintsho Neenkcubeko Zexesha Elizayo

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umthetho ofana noMthetho weSihlonelo soMphathi-mikhosi ocetyisiweyo noMthetho we-Immigration Litigation ujolise ekuqiniseni ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Ulawulo lweBiden luthathe amanyathelo okubuyisela okusesikweni, kuquka nokwanda kwenkxaso-mali kwiinkqubo zesikhokelo, i-moritarium ekwimeko ezithile zeICE, kunye nendawo ekwi-. L. L. ICE emisela imilinganiselo yokuvalelwa kweentsapho. Noko ke, ukugcinwa kwemiqathango kuhlala kuhlelile kwiinkundla zokufuduka (kunye isigidi esithe tyebileyo) kusoyisoyiyo ngokubangela ukuba kube nzima, ngexesha lokuthotywa okanye ukugcinwa kwabantu abahlala eqeshweni.

Abameli bakhuthaza utshintsho oluninzi: ukunikela isiluleko kubo bonke abaphambukeli abangenamakhaya ekususweni kwemiqathango, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwevidiyo kubantu abavalekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuva okukhawulezileyo, nokuqinisekisa ilungelo lokufumana “ukuva okupheleleyo nokulunga” ngomthetho. I-American Bar Association ikhuphe izigqibo ezibiza inkqubo efunekayo ziqinisekisa ngokukhethekileyo ngabantwana nabanye abantu abasengozini. Bona umthetho wokufuduka kunye noovimba abafanelekileyo benkqubo yenqanawa

Isiphelo

Inkqubo elindelekileyo isengundoqo wokuthunyelwa kwabantu ngokusesikweni nokugxothwa. Asiyondlela nje ephantsi yokukhusela kodwa yindawo eqinisekisa urhulumente ukuba akahluthi inkululeko yabo okanye amaqhina entsapho yabo ngaphandle kokhuseleko olungqongqo. Ngoxa isiseko somthetho siqinile — sisekelwe kumGaqo-siseko, umthetho osemthethweni, kunye nenkqubo yokugweba — ukuzalisekisa kwehlabathi lokwenene kuyasilela. Abaninzi abangengobalawuli benkqubo ngaphandle kwesiluleko, imiqobo yolwimi, kwaye basebenza ngokusemthethweni bengenaluvo lwamava. Ungxamiseko lokubuyisela nokwandisa inkqubo efanelekileyo kunyuswe yimiphumo enzima yokususwa: ukuphulukana nomanyano lwentsapho, ubunzima bezoqoqosho, maxa wambi nengozi yokutshutshiswa okanye ukufa.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlonela inkqubo efunekayo kuphakamisa umthetho kwaye kuqinisa ukufaneleka kwenkqubo yokufuduka. Ilinganisa ukhuseleko lwesizwe nobulungisa obusisiseko, iqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zisekelwe kubungqina obunokuthenjwa nomgwebo ongakhethi buso. Njengokuba ingxoxo eziqhubela phambili zokufuduka eUnited States zinika utshintsho olungakumbi, ukuzimisela kwinkqubo efunekayo akumele ukuba kungalawuleki. Ukuphandwa okunzulu kwamalungelo emveli, iNgqungquthela yesizwe kaRhulumente yoLugwebeko.