Unyuko olukhawulezileyo lwe-octurrencrecture kunye ne-aves zamanani luguqule ubume bemali, lushukumisela oorhulumente ehlabathini lonke ukuba baphuhlise iinkqubo zolawulo. Umgaqo ongundoqo okhokela le migudu yi engaphambili, eqinisekisa inkqubo elungileyo nebonisa ulawulo. Inkqubo ifuna ukuba nayiphi na inkqubo karhulumente echaphazela abantu okanye amashishini , ingakumbi abo babandakanya amalungelo empahla okanye inkululeko yezoqoqosho, kufuneka balandele iinkqubo ezisungulweyo zomthetho, kuquka isaziso, ithuba lokuva, nokwenza isigqibo ngokungakhethi buso. Kumongo womgaqo ofihlakeleyo, inkqubo efunekayo yokukhusela abantu okanye ukuphatha ngokufihlakeleyo okanye ukubeka izingeni-mali kwimithetho esemthethweni. Eli nqaku lihlola iziphumo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo zomthetho, iinkqubo zomthetho, kunye novavanyo lwexesha elizayo, ukujonga iimeko-operance, kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo, ulawulo olufanelekileyo, kunye nolawulo lwexesha elizayo.

Ukuqonda Inkqubo Elindelekileyo Xa Kuphinda Kulungiswa

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ngumgaqo osemthethweni osekelwe ngokusesikweni, ofuna amagunya alandele iinkqubo ezimiselweyo phambi kokumisela imimiselo okanye izigwebo. Ikhusela abantu kunye namashishini kwizenzo zobunyani zesizwe. Kumthetho wolawulo, inkqubo efunekayo isoloko ibonakalisa ukubekwa kwemithetho ye- kunye nomthetho wolawulo olusemthethweni, apho abameli bapapashi bemithetho enconywayo, bacela ungeniso lukawonke-wonke, kwaye baphendule kumagqabaza abalulekileyo phambi kwemithetho egqitywe ngomthetho. Le nkqubo ingumthetho wolawulo isoloko iqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo ayilosandi kuphela kodwa ikwanolwazi oluluvo olungafaniyo, olubalulekileyo kwicandelo elidibekileyo njenge-eFLT.

Isiseko Esisemthethweni

Kumazwe amaninzi, inkqubo efunekayo ibekwe kumthetho-siseko. Igunyazisa ukuba nawuphi na umthetho ochaphazela amalungelo okanye impahla kufuneka wenziwe ngendlela elungileyo, kuquka isaziso, ukuva, nethuba lokuphendula. EUnited States, iSigqibo sesihlanu ne-14th Reconfmentation ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho mntu uza kuhluthwa ubomi, inkululeko, okanye impahla engenayo inkqubo efanelekileyo yomthetho. [FFC], xa engenela inkqubo yomthetho (AA) inyusa ngakumbi iimfuno zolawulo lwamaziko asekuhlaleni, njengeSibonelelo sobuzwe neSitshintshiso (SEC) kunye neKhomishini yobuKhomishini (e) enika izizathu ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha, ezimele ziqukelelwe phambi kwamanyathelo athile. [iiiiii-AfFFoffances, kunye ne-Amplance:]

Impembelelo Ekuvuselelweni Kwesandi

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo efunekayo kumgaqo wokufihla ikhowudi kunezingenelo kunye nocelomngeni. Iqinisekisa ukuba imimiselo ayingomthetho ozenzekelayo, ikhuthaza ukuthembana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nabanikazi. Noko ke, ukwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kwempahla yamanani kusoloko kungqubana neenkqubo zomthetho ezingokwesithethe, ezinokucotha kwaye zingakwazi ukuxakeka. Ifuthe lenkqubo efunekayo lingabonwa ukunqumla umlinganiselo othile: ukubekwa komthetho, ukunyanzelisa, kunye nokufakwa kwemiqathango okanye iinkqubo zobhaliso.

Ukulawula Nokuthabatha Inxaxheba Kuwonke - wonke

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ifuna ukuba amaqumrhu alawulayo anike amathuba afanelekileyo okungeniswa kolwazi lukawonke-wonke phambi kokuba amkele imithetho ebophelelayo. Kwisithuba esifihlakeleyo, oku kuye kwakhokelela kumaxesha okudibana. Umzekelo, umthetho ocetyiweyo] wokugcinwa kwempahla zamanani [ uquka ixesha lamagqabaza angama-60, apho abaxhasi boshishino, iinkampani zomthetho, kunye namaqela akhuphiweyo olwazi olugqithiseleyo angenisiweyo. Ngokufanayo, iZibonelelo ze-European Secrities kunye neGunya (ESMA) eziqhutyelwa unxulumano lukawonke-wonke ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwamashishini kwiCrypto-Aset Reglection (MCA), ivumela abangenisi bezoshishino ukuvelisa lendlela yobugcisa.

Izenzo zonyanzelo kunye nenkqubo elindelekileyo

Xa abalawuli bezisa izenzo zonyanzelo nxamnye namashishini okanye abantu ngabanye, inkqubo efunekayo ifuna ukuba bafumane isaziso esicacileyo sokwaphulwa kwamagama, ukuva kakuhle phambi komenzi wesigqibo ongakhethiyo, nelungelo lokunikela ubungqina kunye nokunqamleza i-equamine. Ukunyanzelisa komthetho nxamnye ne-crypto comzimbini ofana no-Ripple Labs okanye Coinbase ibalase ingxuba ingxube phakathi kwenkqubo efanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokwaphula-hlula i-manani. Kwindlela ye-asethi ye-actation efuna ukuba abathathi-ams. [[FFLT:0]] .

Imisebenzi yobhaliso

Ulawulo oluninzi lufuna ukutshintshiselana ngemiqathango efihlakeleyo, abagcini, kunye nezinye izibonelelo zenkonzo zenyani ukufumana amalayisensi. Inkqubo efunekayo yokuba izigqibo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo ecacileyo, ekhoyo ekuhleni kwaye iizicelo zifumana izigqibo ezifike ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngezizathu. Umzekelo, isiseko se-BitLicensenete senkqubo yesicelo esifihlakeleyo, ikhokelela ekumangalweni kwenkqubo efunekayo yokulwa namacala. Ngokwahlukileyo, uSingarosalwazi lwe-Monate yaseSingapore (MAS) siye sakha idumela igama lokusebenza kwayo okucacileyo phantsi koMthetho we-Scroas, ukupapasha ukhokelo kunye neenqobo. Ezi ntlalo zidiyo zezo zenteko yoshishino yobuchule.

Uphando lwetyala kwinkqubo elindelekileyo kunye noqulunqo lweCrypto

IUnited States: Ukubekwa koMthetho we-SEC nokunyanzelwa

IKomishini yezentengiso neyobuNtloko isebenzise inkqubo efunekayo ekwenzeni imithetho, ifuna amaxesha okugqabaza kukawonke-wonke ngaphambi kokuzalisekisa imimiselo emitsha kwimpahla zamanani. Noko ke, i-SEC ikwajongene nokugxekwa "kulawulo lomthetho", apho izisa izenzo ezichasene nezinto ezithile ngaphandle kokumisela kuqala imithetho ecacileyo. Ngo-2023, i-SEC ithe yacebisa ingcaciso entsha "yesibonelelo" enokuthi iquke inkqenkqeza phambili kwimithetho yemali elungelelanisiweyo (i-Di) ecwangci, ixhobisa ixesha eliqinileyo lokugqabaza. Okwangoku, ukuphendula kwinkqubo efanelekileyo, amaqela amaninzi amashishini e-SEC anxuluma ukwenziwa komthetho kwizixhobo zoludwe lwemicimbiso-mthetho. Ukunga kusetyenziswa kwemithetho ecacileyo yemithetho e-state yohlaluko-o-statiesties ukusebenzisa kwinkqubo yohlalusho, ukungaqiniseki.

Umanyano lwaseYurophu: Abathengisi kwiCrypto- Assets (MiCA)

Umthetho we-EU's Markets in Crypto-Assets (MICA) ugxininisa ukuvaleka nokubophelelana, nokudibanisa izibambi-zimo zokhuseleko, nokudibanisa nemigaqo yenkqubo efanelekileyo. I-MiCA yaphuhliswa kwinkqubo yowiso-mthetho yeminyaka emininzi ebandakanya iKhomishini yaseYurophu, iPalamente, neBhunga, ngokujongana noluntu ngokubanzi. Iquka amalungiselelo okugunyazisa ugunyaziso lwe-cpto-asss benkonzo, ifuna amagunya afanelekileyo ukukhupha izigqibo ezichanekileyo phakathi kwexesha elicacisiweyo nokunika izizathu zokungavumelani nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Ngokuqhuba inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwayo, uMiCA unenjongo yokulungisa imekobume yemeko-bume elungele ukuhambelana nokukhusela.

EJapan: Umfumani Womntwana Wokuqala Ngokucacileyo

IJapan yayiyenye yamazwe okuqala okulawula inkqubo efunekayo yokubhatala nokulawula imigaqo yeeNkonzo zobhatala, ewiswe emva kokuwa kweMT. Gox. Esi senzo sifuna ukutshintshisana ukuze kubhaliswe i-Arhente yeeNkonzo zeMali (FSA) kwaye kuhambelane neemfuno ze-AML/KYC eziqinileyo. IFSA ilandela inkqubo efanelekileyo ekuhlolweni kwayo nasekuhlolweni, kuquka ekuhlolweni kweenkonzo ezibhaliweyo, namathuba okutshintshisana ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe izigwebo. Le ndlela inconywa ngokukhuthaza isibhengezo esizinzileyo sentengiso eJapan, nangona ikwabangela ukuba kuthotyelwe iindleko ezibalulekileyo. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ziye zavavanywa kwiimeko apho inkcitho ye-FSA, kunye neenkqubo zophicondsciso zolawulo ezikhoyo.

ISingapore: Indlela Elungeleleneyo Elungeleleneyo Nenkqubo Efanelekileyo

I-Monetary Authority yaseSingapore (MAS) izimele njengegunya elikhokelayo lomgaqo weempahla zamanani phantsi koMthetho weeNkonzo zobhatala. I-MAS ifuna ilayisensi yeenkonzo zomqondiso wamanani kwaye iye yapapasha izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha kwimigaqo yokufezekisa, zilungelelene nemigaqo efanelekileyo, kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo. Inkqubo yokuzifaka iquka isigaba sokugqabaza sikawonke sotshintsho olubalulekileyo lwempahla, kwaye i-MAS inika izizathu ezicacileyo zokulahliwa okanye ukurhoxiswa. I-MAS isebenzise indlela yokuhlola i-findtech, evumela ukuvavanywa kwezinto ezintsha ngexesha lokugcina inkqubela efunekayo yabathathi-nxaxheba. Le modeli iye yanconywa ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo kwaye itsalele iifemu ezininzi kwisiseko semisebenzi.

Iziqithi zeCayman neBermuda: Jolisa Kwindlela Entle Yolawulo

Amalungelo amancinane abekwe njengezikhulu ezi-crypto kunye nezihlobo, njenge-Cayman Islands kunye ne-Bermuda, akwagxininisa inkqubo efunekayo kwimimiselo yawo yolawulo. Le mithetho yeSiko leSizwe loBusi ye-Bermuda ifuna izingxubusho zokubonakalisa isandi solawulo kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza, kunye neBremuda Monetary Agueary Government (BMA) ekhupha iilayisensiss emva kokuhlola ngokucokisekileyo. IBMA inika izingqiniso ngesaziso esisesikweni seengxaki kunye nethuba lokulungisa imicimbi yangaphambili phambi kokukhanyelwa. Ezi zikhuselwa zinceda ukwakha ukuthemba abatshayeli bezizwe abanokucinga ukuba nolawulo oludedede. Ngoko ke, ezi mithetho kufuneka ilungelene nemfuneko yokusabela ngokukhawuleza kwingozi kwishishini loshishino-omatshini.

Ucelomngeni Lokubuyela Kwimiqathango

Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwayo, ukusebenzisa inkqubo efunekayo kwisithuba esijikelezayo esikhawulezileyo esijongene nemiqobo, enje:

  • Isantya sophuhliso lobugcisa: umthetho wesithethe uthatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka, kanti iimarike ze-crypto zingatshintsha kwiintsuku. Ukulindela inkqubo epheleleyo efunekayo kungavumela umonakalo ukuba uqokelelwe phambi kokuba imithetho ibekwe endaweni.
  • umahluko wolawulo lwejikelezo-jikelezo lomhlaba:[ Imigangatho yenkqubela ilwahluka kakhulu. Kumanye amagunya olawulo oluphezulu, imisebenzi yolawulo oluphezulu ayiyoyamathanda kwaye ayinako ukubonakala gca, kudala umgangatho ongalungelelaniyo wokhuseleko lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwiimarike.
  • Umthetho wokunika imvume nenkqubo ehlaziyiweyo: imfuno eziqikelelwa kakhulu zinokuthi zilibazise ukungena kwemarike kunye nokwandisa iindleko, ukusetyenziswa kokutsha kokuqhuba kwimeko-bume ezikumgangatho omncinci.
  • Ukungaqondakali kunye nenkohliso: inkqubo elindelekileyo isoloko ifuna amaqela nokuwanika isaziso, kodwa uthengiso oluninzi lungobuxoki. Abalawuli bazama ukunikela isaziso kubagcini-zikhwakhwa abangaziwayo okanye imibutho ezimeleyo (DAOs).
  • Isicelo sobungangamsha: Xa umlawuli ofana no-SEC elawula ulawulo lwamazwe angaphandle kwizixhobo zecrypto ngenxa yokufikelela komgcini-mali we-U.S., inkqubela efunekayo ivela malunga nokungalingani kwemithetho ebekwe kakuhle kumaqela awayengalindelanga kulawulwa leli gunya.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ukuntsonkotha kobuxhakaxhaka: Ukuqonda iinkqubo ezilungeleleneyo, izivumelwano ezintle, kunye neebloko zokulungisa inqwelo-moya zifuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo. Abalawuli bangaxhomekeka kubungqina obungoochule, kodwa okusesikweni okusesikweni kufuna ukuba amaqela abe nethuba lokuvavanya iingcamango zobugcisa.

Icala lexesha elizayo lenkqubela elindelekileyo kuvuselelo lwendlela yamanani

Ukuhambela phambili, abalawuli kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokuphakamisa inkqubo efunekayo xa beqhelanisa nocelomngeni olukhethekileyo lwempahla yamanani. Oku kungaquka iinkqubo ezithambileyo okanye intsebenziswano yezizwe ngezizwe ukuqinisekisa umgaqo olungileyo zweni lonke. Inkqubela-phambili eziliqela ezithembisayo ziyavela:

Iibhokisi zentlabathi ezilawulayo kunye neeNkqubo zesikhokelo

Abalawuli abaninzi, kuquka iGunya leNkcubeko yezeMali (FLT:0]UK) kunye ne-Australian Securitys kunye ne-Picements mentations Commission (ASIC), ngoku basebenzisa iibhokisi zesanti ezilawulayo ezivumela iifektha ukuba zivavanye iimveliso phantsi kweemeko zonyanzelo olukhululekileyo. Ezi bhokisi zentlaba ziquka ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lwezivumelwano ezibhaliweyo, ukuxela iimbopheleleko, kunye nokuphuma kwenkqubo. I-Sandboxbox inikezela i "indawo ekhuselekileyo" yoncedo" lolwakhiwo olucwangco ngexa kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-ajinga-mthetho ziyakwazi ukufunda nokulungisa imithetho esekelwe kugcino-data wokwenene wehlabathi.

Umanyano Olukhulu Lwezizwe Ngezizwe

Intlangano ezifana neMali ye-Fomatic Action Task Force (FATF) kunye ne-International Organization of Secturation Commissions (IOSCO) ziphuhlisa imilinganiselo yomhlaba wonke yomgaqo we-crypto. Ngokuvisisanisa ulindelo olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo ebekelweyo ngaphaya kolawulo, le migudu inciphisa ubungozi bokulawula i-active controrder kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bemashishini be-fatF bafumane ukuphathwa kakuhle nokuba yindawo ephi na. Umzekelo, ukuhlaziywa kwemigaqo e-atF ku-ASpets kubandakanya imigaqo ekwinyani ekufuneka abalawuli bayenze ngayo iingcebiso ze-AMLML/CFT ngendlela ehambelanayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kobuxhakaxhaka ukunyusa ulungiso lweprocedtural

Ubugcisa beblockchain ngokwabo bungasetyenziswa ukuphucula inkqubo efunekayo. Izivumelwano ezikrelekrele zingayichaza ngokulula imigaqo-nkqubo, ngelixesha iinkqubo zolawulo ezifanelekileyo zinganceda ekusombululeni ingxaki yesaziso kumaqela enkohliso. Amanye amaqela alawulayo azama ngezixhobo ezigunyazisa ukuthobela ezivumela abalawuli ukuba bajonge uthengiselwano ngexesha lokwenene ngoxa benika iindleko ezibonisayo zokuphicotha. Oku kungenza izenzo zokulawula zicace ngakumbi kwaye zixhomekeke kumthetho osebenza ngokusemthethweni.

Inkqubela ekwathethwa ngayo elindelekileyo kwiDefi kunye ne-DAOs

Imithetho-siseko yezemali edityanisiweyo (DeFi) kunye nemibutho ezimeleyo (DAOs) inika inkxalabo eyodwa ekhoyo ngenxa yokuba ayinayo inkxalabo engokwesithethe yoluntu olusemthethweni kunye nokwenza izigqibo zolawulo. Ii-guators ziqala ukuphuhlisa isiseko sesiseko sesiseko senkqubo esilungelelanisiweyo. Umzekelo, iWyoming DAO LLC ivumela ii-DAOs ukuba zibhalise njengamalungu asemthethweni, nto leyo ezenza zikwazi ukudibanisa nee-arhenter-ee kwiinkqubo zesithethe ezifanelekileyo.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo elindelekileyo ihlala ilisiseko solawulo olufanelekileyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekusebenziseni i-cyppocturerrenic kunye nempahla yamanani kuyimfuneko kwaye kulucelomngeni. Imizekelo evela eUnited States, e-Europe Union, eJapan, eSingapore, kunye nemithetho emincinci ibonisa ukuba iprocedential esesikweni inokuba kunye nenkqubo egqwethiweyo xa iinkqubo zolawulo ziyilwe kakuhle. Noko ke, isantya esingundoqo, ukufikelela komhlaba wonke, kunye nokuntsonkotha kwezixhobo ze-atting ze-atting zifuna iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusebenzisana. Ngokusebenzisana, intsebenziswano yezizwe, kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa, abalawuli bayakwazi ukuxhasa imigaqo efunekayo xa belawula lo candelo lokuguqula. Usukelo lusukelo olugqibeleleyo luyimeko lwendalo apho abaququlukileyo benokusebenza ngentembelo, ukwazi ukuba izigqibo ezibonisa ukubonakala, ukuqiqanda, ukuqiniswa kwengqiqo, kunye nokufumaneka kwemincithano.

" Iimfuno zenkqubo efunekayo azingobuchule okanye azinzima, kodwa kufuneka zilungiswe ngokwempendulo kwisimo sezilangazelelo ezisemngciphekweni, ubungozi bokungafunwa kwempahla, nomdla karhulumente ophakanyiswayo, kunye necala lokuxhotyiswa. Ukulinganisa ezi meko kumongo womgaqo womgaqo ofihlakeleyo uza kuchaza ikamva lempahla yexabiso lemivo.