I-Belfast Agreement (eyaziwa ngokuba yiNgqungquthela entle yangoLwesihlanu) yazisa incopho yembali kwimbali yaseMntla Ireland. Ngoxa iinjongo zayo eziphambili zazizinzile ngokwezobupolitika kwaye zipheliswa kugonyamelo lwamahlelo eeNtlambo, abakhi bayo baqonda ukuba uxolo oluhlala luhleli lufuna ukuchaza isiseko soluntu olwahluleleneyo. Zimbalwa iindawo ezazizizizo ezizizo ezizizo eziyantlukwano, okanye ezijongelwanoluvo kwinkqubo yemfundo ende, njengenkqubo yemfundo. Phambi kowe-1998, izikolo eNorthern Ireland zazibonisa kakhulu iintambo ezinzulu zonqulo nezopolitiki. Isivumelwano soLwesihlanu sicelw'icelw'icel'icel' olune oluneyo, umgangatho wobunexabiso, kunye namalungelo abantu ekulawuleni. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela imigaqo yemfundo elungele ukuqukulwa, ukuququlungela, ukuququlungelana, ukuqulungela ukuqulungelana kwemfundo, ukuquluvo, ukuquluvo, ukuqu

Umhlaba Oneemfundiso Ezahlukahlukeneyo Ngaphambi Kowe - 1998

Ukuze uqonde impembelelo yesivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu, kuyimfuneko ukubuqonda ubunjani bocalulo lwezikolo zasemntla Ireland ngexesha leMixokelelwano. Kangangamashumi eminyaka, inkqubo yemfundo yayahlulwa kakhulu ngokwemiqathango yamahlelo:

  • Izikolo ezilawulwayo: ezilawulwa ngurhulumente ngegunya lemfundo, ezi zikolo zaziye zaya kufundiswa ngokugqwesileyo ngabafundi bamaProtestanti. Zazibizwa ngokuba zizikolo zeProtestanti.
  • Izikolo ezigcinweyo: Phantsi kolawulo lweCawa yamaKatolika, ezi zikolo zazilungiselela phantse kubemi bamaKatolika kuphela.
  • Izikolo ezizimeleyo: Linani elincinci kodwa elibalulekileyo lezikolo ezisebenza ngaphandle kwenkqubo karhulumente, kuquka icandelo elincinci elidityanisiweyo elaqala ukuvela ngoo1980.

Olu manyano lolwahlulo lwathetha ukuba inkoliso yabantwana yakhula ingena kufutshane noontanga abasuka kwicala elingelilo "lelo." Ufundo lwalusoloko lubonakalisa olu candelo. Imfundiso yembali, ngokukodwa, yayineengxelo ezahlukeneyo zeziganeko ezifanayo ezifundiswa kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo. ISebe Lemfundo ngexesha lenza imigudu yokuzisa imixholo enqamlezayo yeklasi yemfundo efana nemfundo yemfundo yemfundo ye-Unity Understanding (EMU) neLifa leNksko, kodwa ezi zinyathelo zazingenamazinyo alungeleleneyo kwaye zazisoloko zibekwe phantsi kwizikolo. Inkqubo yayingenzelwangalungelelani ukuphilisa; yayiyimveliso yayo. IBhunganiso oluLuhle lweSidlo lweSihlanu laZandla zamazwe azimeleyo ngokudala inkqubo yezopolitiki neyalulo eyayikhuthaza umanyano oluphambili.

Isivumelwano Esilungileyo SoLwesihlanu: ISiseko somGaqo-siseko Sokuguqula

Isivumelwano, esibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi "isivumelwano seBelfast," asilulo uxwebhu olunenkcukacha zemfundo, kodwa saseka imigaqo engundoqo eya kukhokelela ekuguquleni. Isiseko esingundoqo siqukiwe:

  • Amandla-ophangaleleyo uRhulumente: Ukudalwa korhulumente onyanzelekileyo wombutho onyanzelekileyo wathetha ukuba omabini amamanyano neenkokeli zesizwe zibophelelene ngembopheleleko yeSebe lemfundo.
  • Amalungelo abantu nomgangatho: Isivumelwano sakhokelela ekumisweni kweKhomishoni yokuLungisana yaseMantla e-Ireland neKhomishini yamaNyakatho Ireland yaMantla yamalungelo abantu. Oku kwabeka umsebenzi osemthethweni kumagunya karhulumente, kuquka nezikolo, ukukhuthaza ukulingana kwamathuba.
  • Ukubaluleka kobunewuni: Lo mgaqo waluqaphela ngokucacileyo ugunyaziso lwamaBritane nama-Irish kunye nezithethe, uvulela indlela yokwazisa ulwimi lwase-Ireland kunye nee-Ulster-Scot kwizicwangciso zemfundo.
  • Isivumelwano se-Cross-Border: IBhunga loBalungiseleli baseMntla/baseMzantsi lanceda intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-Ireland yaseMantla neRiphabliki yase-Ireland, kuquka kwintsimi yemfundo.
Ukuphumelela kokuxolelana, ukunyamezelana, nokuthembana, nokukhusela nokuthethelelwa kwamalungelo abantu bonke, yinjongo eyintloko yesivumelwano.

Esi sindululo sasebenza njengesixhobo esikhuthaza abaphuhlisi benkqubo yemfundo. Ukugxininisa ukusuka kulawulo lolwahlulo ukuya kukwakha ikamva elinobuchule. ISebe Lemfundo lasebenza ngokuphuhlisa uqeqesho olubonisa izinto ezintsha zezobupolitika nezentlalo.

Utshintsho Lweenkqubo Zokufundisa: Ukuba Ngummi Nokuxolelaniswa

Enye yezona ziphumo zithe ngqo zeSivumelwano esiLumkileyo sangoLwesihlanu kwizikolo yayikukuphinda kuhlaziywa kweCurricum yaseMntla Ireland. Imfundo eyayikho kwinkqubo yoMbutho Wokuqondana, ngoxa yayinenjongo entle, yayigqalwa njengengacacanga kakhulu kwaye ingenaziphumo ezinokufikeleleka. Isivumelwano sezobupolitika sanika impembelelo engakumbi yokuphenjelelwa kwemithetho egqithisileyo.

Ukwazisa Ukuba Ngabemi Basekuhlaleni Nasemhlabeni Wonke

Ngowama 2003, emva kohlolo olungundoqo, iSebe lemfundo lasungula indawo engqongileyo kunye nobume behlabathi njengomxholo ongomthetho wabo bonke abafundi kwiQhosha 3 (iminyaka eli-14). Oku kwaba ngumphumo ngqo wenkqubo yoxolo. Ucwangciso lujolise ekuxhobiseni abantu abaselula ngolwazi, ubuchule, kunye namaxabiso okuthatha inxaxheba ngokunempumelelo kwibutho ledemokhrasi.

  • Amalungelo abantu nembopheleleko yoluntu.
  • Indima yamaziko karhulumente nedemokhrasi (kuquka iNdibano yaseMntla Ireland eyasungulwa yisivumelwano).
  • Ukuhluka-hluka nokubandakanya kwibutho labantu ababhinqileyo.
  • Isigqibo esichaseneyo kunye nokwakhiwa koxolo.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-EMU, ubumi yayingumxholo ozimeleyo oneemfuno zawo zomthetho, iingqikelelo, kunye noqeqesho lomfundisi- ntsapho onikezelweyo.

Ukufundisa Ngembali Ebangela Impikiswano

Isivumelwano sachaphazela nendlela eyafundiswa ngayo imbali. "Inkqubo esetyenziswayo kwixesha elidlulileyo" ihlala ingenye yezona ndawo zinzima kubafundisi-lwazi. Ngoku izifundo zikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bahlolisise iinkcazelo ezahlukeneyo zembali nokuphuhlisa ubuchule bokucinga obubalulekileyo. Indlela yokudlulisela ayibalulekanga ekudluliseleni ibali elinye kwaye ingakumbi ekuqondeni indlela eyakhiwe ngayo kwaye isetyenziswe ngayo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne Ukuqikezela Ngokukhumbula [ iprojekthi nomsebenzi weNerve Center ive ive projectives ezivumela abafundi ukuba babandakanye nobunzima obuyintlungela yeengxaki ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nelungeleneyo, kunokuba baphephe umxholo ngokupheleleyo.

Imfundo Edityanisiweyo: Ukusuka kwiingcambu ukuya kutsho kumgaqo-nkqubo kaRhulumente

Isivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu saxhasa umbutho wezemfundo odityanisiweyo wezopolitiko nowemithetho-siseko. Ngoxa isikolo sokuqala esidityanisiweyo, iLagan College, savulwa ngowe-1981, le ntlangano yaqhubeka ithenjiswa liqaqobana de kwangowe-1998 i-Adrect.

Indima Eqingqiweyo Yokuxhasa Ukwahlulwa

Ukugxininisa kwesivumelwano ekuhlaziyweni koxolelwaniso kwakhokelela kutshintsho olungundoqo lwemithetho. UMthetho wemfundo (Mntla Ireland) ka 1989 wawuquke umsebenzi kwiSebe "ukukhuthaza nokuncedisa" ukudibanisa. Isivumelwano esiLungisa ngoLwesihlanu saqinisa olu bophelelo, kwaye umthetho olandelayo ngo-2006 wasomeleza ngakumbi umsebenzi. IBhunga le-Ireyitha (NUMntla-Ireland) ye-ISTARD (NEICEE) isebenza njengequmrhu elidibanisayo, lixhasa izikolo ezikhoyo kunye namaqela anxulumeneyo nabazali abafuna ukuseka amatsha.

Ukwanda Nempembelelo Yehlelo Elingenamava

Kunyaka wemfundo wama-2023/24, kukho izikolo ezidityanisiweyo ezingama-71 kuMntla Ireland, zifundisa malunga nama-7-8% abantu bezikolo. Nangona eli nani lisasezantsi xa lithelekiswa namacandelo alawulwayo nalondolozwayo, impembelelo yemfundo edityanisiweyo kwinkqubo ebanzi inzulu.

  • ITheory in Practice: Izikolo ezidityanisiweyo zizimisele ngokucacileyo ukuvelisa ulwamkelo olulungeleleneyo lokutya kwamaKatolika, amaProtestanti, kunye nabafundi abavela kwezinye iimvelaphi. Zinikezela unxulumano lwamihla le, olucwangcisiweyo phakathi kwabantwana abasuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, oluthi uphando lwezenkcubeko (CUmgate Theory) luzichaza njengesisixhobo esinamandla sokuphelisa ikhethe.
  • I-Whole-School Ethos: Uphambuko alukho malunga namanani abafundi. Ibandakanya ulwandiso lwezifundo ezitshintshayo kunye ne-etos ezibhiyozela iinguqu, incokola ngempikiswano, kwaye ikhuthaza ulwazi olwahlulweyo ngaphandle kokuba ifune abafundi bashiye imvelaphi yabo.
  • Abahlalutyi baphikisa ngelithi izikolo ezidityanisiweyo maxa wambi zingakuphepha ukuqhubana nomahluko onzulu wezopolitiko kunye nonqulo ngokukhetha imimandla ebanzi, "engathathi cala" yempucuko. Kukwakho imingeni ekwiziko, kuquka "umthetho ozii-350" ofuna isikolo ukuba sibe nomelo olusuka kwiqela elincinane ukuze luqwalaselwe ngokusemthethweni, olunokuba nzima kwimimandla ekwizikhundla eziphezulu.

Inkqubo yemfundo eyabelwenayo: Uhlaziyo olungaphezulu

Ngoxa imfundo edityanisiweyo imela ukudityaniswa kwabafundi abasuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, intshukumo efanayo eyaziwa njenge Eqeshiweyo ivezwe njengendlela elawulayo yenkqubo. Le ndlela ivumela abafundi abakwizikolo ezahlukeneyo ukuba badibane kwizifundo kunye nemisebenzi, ngaphandle kokuba izikolo ngokwazo zidityaniswe ngokwesiko.

Uqhekeko Loxolo Nokuxhasa KweEU

Inkqubo yemfundo eyabelweneyo yakhuthazwa ngokuphawulekayo ziinkqubo ze-EU ze-Round IV kunye ne-INTERREG, ezanika inkxaso eninzi. Ithemba lithetha ukuba ukuba isikolo samaKatolika nesikolo samaProtestanti asikwazi ukudibana, ubuncinane banokuncedisana. Uhambo oluphakathi kwezikolo ukuya kufunda imiba enjengeDrama, umculo, i-technoloji, okanye ukubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yengingqi edibeneyo.

ICentu yemfundo eyahlulwayo kwiYunivesithi kaQueen Belfast iye yaba luncedo ekuphuhliseni nasekuhloleni lo mzekelo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba imfundo eyabelanayo ingenza ngcono iziphumo zemfundo, yakha ubuhlobo obunqamlezileyo, kwaye inciphisa ikhethe, ngokufuthi ihlangabezana nenkcaso encinane kubazali nakubaphathi becawa kunokuba idityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kwezakhiwo.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Nezigxekwayo

Inkqubo yemfundo eyabelwanayo iye yaba sisiseko somgaqo weSebe lemfundo phantsi kwenkqubo ye "Togeter: Ukwakha Uluntu Lombutho". Noko ke, iye yajamelana nokugxekwa. Abanye baphikisa ngelithi inokuba luhlobo "lokudibanisa okusemthethweni," apho abantwana badibana khona kwimisebenzi yokuzonwabisa kodwa babuyele kwizikolo zabo ezimiselwe ngokwemfundo ephambili. Kukho ubungozi obuthi ukulwabelana ngemfundo kube yi-"sclipt plas" eyenza inkqubo ekhoyo ibe yeyo elungileyo, kunokuba icelw'isekile. Iimodeli zemfundo ezisebenzayo zibandakanya ulonwabo olunzulu, ukuncedisanalwazi olusekelwe kuneli nje.

Ulwimi Neempawu Kuhlelo

Isivumelwano esiLungisayo sangoLwesihlanu sokuvunywa ngokucacileyo kweelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaba nempembelelo engqalileyo kwilungiselelo lemfundo. Isivumelwano sathi:

"Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kontlonelo, ukuqonda nokunyamezelana ngokunxulumene nolwimi olungafaniyo, kuquka noMntla Ireland, ulwimi lwase-Ireland kunye neeUlster-Scots.

Imfundo yolwimi lwase-Ireland

Oku kunconywa kwanika inkxaso engundoqo kwi Imfundo ephakathi (IMTE). Ngelixesha izikolo zolwimi lwase-Ireland (iGaelscoileana) zazikho ukususela ekuqaleni kowe-1970, zazama ukuxhasa inkxaso yorhulumente kunye nokuqwalaselwa. IGood Wear Agreement yadala imozulu yezobupolitika eyanceda ulwando lwecandelo. Ngo-1998, kwakukho abafundi abangama-2 000 kwi-IME; namhlanje, kukho izikolo ezingaphezu kwama-7000.

I- i-Camthe na Gaelscolaochta yasekwa ukukhuthaza nokuxhasa imfundo ye-Irish. INdibano yasemntla Ireland, njengoko imiselwe yiGFA, idlulise umthetho oxhasa olu lwimi, kuquka i-Ademiment and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022. IME ayisabonwa njengengxelo yezopolitiko kodwa njengendlela esemthethweni yokukhetha imfundo eneziphumo ezinamandla.

Izixhobo zeUlster

Ulwimi lwe-Ulster-Scots kunye nelifa elifunyenweyo lokunconywa nokuxhaswa ngurhulumente emva kwesivumelwano. I-Ulster-Scots Agency (i-ThaBoord o Ulstèr-Scotch) yadalelwa ukukhuthaza ulwimi, impucuko, kunye nembali. Izibonelelo ziye zaveliswa ukuze izikolo zifake i-Ulster-Scots kuludwe lwezifundo, ngokukodwa kwizikolo ezingundoqo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-IME, esebenza njengenkqubo yesikolo enxulumeneyo, i-Ulster-Scots ifundiswa njengomnqongophelelo wesiXhosa- okanye iiklaye zembali eziphambili.

Imfundo ePhezulu kunye nolwandiso lomda othe tye

Impembelelo yeSivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu esiPhezulu yadlulela kwimfundo ephakamileyo nangaphezulu. IBhunga loMntla/uMzantlu woMzantsi laseka iindawo ezithile zokusebenzisana, kuquka imfundo. Oku kwanceda ukuba kubekho izivumelwano phakathi kweeyunivesithi zasemntla Ireland naseRiphabliki yaseIreland.

  • Uphando lophando: Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi efana neQueen's University Belfast, Ulster University, Trinity College Dublin, kunye neYunivesithi College Dublin luye lwabelana ngezipho ezingundoqo zophando, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nesigqibo sengxabano, impilo kawonke-wonke, kunye namandla ahlala eqinileyo.
  • Isivumelwano sakwenza kwaba lula kubafundi ukunqumla umda. Ummandla oqhelekileyo wohambo nokwazi iimfaneleko zolwazi lwakhuthaza ukuqukuqela kwabafundi phakathi kwe-Ireland yasemntla neRiphabliki, ukwandisa amava abo emfundo.
  • Ubalo lwengingqi yeNtshona Koloni: kummandla womda, amaziko afana nerejiyojini yeNtshonantshona (iDerry/Londonderry) inonxulumano olunzulu neDonegal Education kunye ne-Letterkenny Institute of Technology (ngoku eyinxenye ye-Atlantic Technological University), edala isiseko sobuchule bengingqi esahlukeneyo.

ICentu yezifundo zomda onqamlezayo ifekta indima enkulu ekudweliseni nasekuchaziseni le ntsebenziswano, ibonisa indlela inkqubo yoxolo eye yadala ngayo uqhagamshelwano olubonakalayo noluphathekayo ngaphaya komda.

Ucelomngeni Oluqhubekayo Noxolo Olungacinywanga

Phezu kwazo nje iinguqulelo ezinzulu eziye zabangelwa yiGood Wear Agreement, inkqubo yemfundo kuMntla Ireland isahlukane ngokunzulu.

Ukuzingisa Kobuhlanga

Ngaphezu kwama-90% abafundi basafunda kwizikolo ezinolwazi oluninzi lwelungu elinye (elilawulwayo okanye elilondolozweyo). Kwimimandla yokuswela okuphezulu, la manani athe kratya. Ukwahlulwa kwesakhiwo senkqubo kuthetha ukuba abantwana abaninzi basenoqhagamshelwano oluncinane olunentsingiselo kunye nabo basuka kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo ngexesha leminyaka yabo yokukhula. "Izikolo ezimbini" imodeli", elawulwayo kunye nesikolo esigciniweyo esikhonza kwidolophu enye/imeko eqhelekileyo.

Ukungalawuleki Kwezobupolitika Nenkqubo Yonqulo

Ukuwa kweNdibano yaseMntla Ireland kwiingongoma ezahlukeneyo ukususela ngo-1998 (kuquka i-hiatus ehlala ixesha elide ukususela ngo-2017 ukuya ku-202020) kuye kwadala imfumba yenkqubo kunye nenkqubela egciniweyo. Izigqibo eziphathelele uludwe lwezifundo, inkxaso-mali yesikolo, kunye nocwangciso lwengingqi zingxamisekile kakhulu. Umzekelo, iingxoxo eziphathelele imbali yasemva okanye imfundiso yempikiswano ephikiswayo zinokukhawuleza zincitshiswe. Ukungahoywa koMphathi-mikhosi osebenzayo kudla ngokuthi ukucwangcisa inkqubo yemfundo eyahlukeneyo yexesha elide kuzakukhawula ukuhla.

Izithintelo Zezoqoqosho

Ukungalingani kwemeko-ntle yezoqoqosho kuseyinto enamandla ebangela ukunqanyulwa kwentsalela. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwendawo (uvavanyo lokudlulisa olu-11-iplua), lo gama lungasasebenzi kwimimandla emininzi, kusesebenza kwimivavanyo engalawulwayo. Le nkqubo ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto ichaphazela unxulumano phakathi kobuncutshe bentlalo kunye nobuchule bokufundiswa phantsi kobuchule. Ulwahlulo phakathi komgaqo-grama kunye nezikolo ezisemgangathweni lulwahlulo oludityaniswe nolwahlulo lwamaqela, olubangela imigudu yokwakha inkqubo eyahlukeneyo nengenamsebenzi.

Isiphelo

Isivumelwano seGood Wesihlanu sasebenza njengekhampasi yemithetho-siseko nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yolungiso lwemfundo eMntla Ireland. Salungiselela ukuzinza kwezobupolitika kunye nenkqubo esemthethweni efunekayo ukucel ’ umngeni inkqubo enzulu esukliweyo. Ukusekwa koludwe lwezifundo olusekelwe kumalungelo obumi, ukomelezwa kwemfundo edityanisiweyo, ukuphuhliswa okutsha kwemfundo eyahlukeneyo, nokuqwalaselwa ngokusesikweni kweentlobo-ntlobo-ntlobo zeelwimi zomsebenzi woxolo wonyaka ka-1998.

Noko ke, uhambo ukusuka kwixesha elidlulileyo elahlulwe ukuya kwikamva elabelweneyo alunasiphelo. Inkqubo yemfundo ayidityaniswanga ngokupheleleyo okanye ayilungelelaniseki ngokupheleleyo. Ukubaleka kule ngxelo kukuxinezeleka okungapheliyo phakathi komnqweno woluntu olwahlukeneyo kunye nobunzulu obunzulu bezakhiwo ezikhoyo kunye ne-Ofisi. Izikolo nabafundisi abasebenza kumgca ophambili woxolelaniso bayaqhubeka besebenzisa umhlaba ontsonkothileyo. I-Goond WesiProfile Aregimplity ayiyicombululanga ingxaki yecandelo lemfundo, kodwa yalungiselela izixhobo ezibalulekileyo, umthetho ongalinganiyo, kunye nolawulo olucacileyo lwezikomkhulu, kunye nolugunya olugunyazisayo, kunye nolugunyaziso olucacileyo olugunyazisa izizukileyo olulandelayo ulwakhelo olungcono, oluqukayo. Impembelelo yaloo mfundo ayizange iphele iprojectal, kodwa iqhubeke ingu inguqulelo.