Isiseko Sembali: Ukusuka kwiPostwar Pacifism Ukuya Kwimfazwe Yomlomo

Izobupolitika zale mihla zaseJapan zaphuma kwiphulo lemfazwe yehlabathi II phantsi kweliso elilumkileyo lomkhosi womkhosi owenziweyo, okhokelwa yiUnited States. UMGaqo-siseko we- 1947, osoloko ubizwa ngokuba “nguMgaqo-siseko Woxolo,” walahla imfazwe kwaye wakwalela ukugcinwa kwemikhosi “ngemfazwe.” Esi siseko somgaqo-siseko somzi - siseko sasiyimveliso yehlabathi, eyayilungiselelwe ukukhusela iJapan ekubeni ibe sisongelo somkhosi kwakhona. Isivumelwano soburhulumente welizwe laseUni. Ukusingqongileyo kwezizwe ngezizwe zonke zamazwe zaqalisa imfazwe yazandula ukutshintsha ezi njongo zokungaphithi ncam. Ngowe-1950, ukuqhaqhambuka kwemfazwe ye-Korea kwabangela ukuba iJapan ibhungane nelizwe elisoyisayisa imfazwe enyanze imikhosini enkulu. I-San Francisco Francisco Conce Conce Resotion kunye ne-aced wisort yelizwe elingumphant, i-uni exhaka kakhulu i-uphalaka i-uni yokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko loburhulumente lesizwe.

I-U.S.-Japan Alliance njengeMbindi yePartical politics

Ukudibana kokhuseleko neUnited States kushiye impembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu yangaphandle kwezobupolitika zamaJapan kwisithuba seminyaka engaphezu kwama-60. Ichaza iintambo ezikhoyo phakathi kwamandla aqhelekileyo naqhubekayo. I-LDP iye yayila ukubonakala kwayo ekulawuleni umbutho wezopolitiko (_ukukhuthaza imfuneko yenkxaso yemikhosi ye-U.S. nenkcaso yasekhaya. Ukuvukelwa kwe-Okinawa eJapan yaba yimpumelelo ephawulekayo ye-LDP, kodwa umthwalo ozinzileyo wesiseko saseMelika e-Okinayiyo owenziwe ngokungapheliyo, ukuxhasa ingcelo-politiki eOkie, ukuxhasa nokunceda amaqela aphikisayo asekuhlaleni axhasayo amaqela azimeleyo. Esikhundleni soburhulumenteni, kwathiwathiwa ingxengavuseleleka imfazweni, imfazwe eshushu neya imfazweni exhobiswe kakhulu.

Imicimbi Ebalaseleyo Yezobupolitika Nemigaqo Yayo Yasemzini

Iqela leDemocratic Committee (LDP)

I-LDP igcine ukuma kwe-pragmatic nokusebenza ngamandla kwe-pro-alliance ukususela ekuyinjweni kwayo. Iqonga layo lenkqubo yamanye amazwe ligxininisa ukungasebenzi kwesivumelwano se-U.S.-Japan, ixhasa isivumelwano sesizwe esiqinileyo saseJapan-U.S., kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwisiseko esisebenzayo esifana neQuadrigamente (Quadriadationalal Security Diaty Dialogne (Quad). Phantsi kwexesha elide uMphathiswa-Phosal ’ uShinzo-Abe (2006,2020), i-2020), i-LDP ilandela ukuma okuqinileyo okuzinzisa, kuquka ukuchazwa kwakhona kweSigqeqeshi seQumrhu eliziweyo eliziweyo elizinzileyo, elizinzileyo elizinzileyo elizizinzileyo, elingurhulumente elingurhulumente kunye nelonke elingumphandle (ngaphi nyaka wama-onke).

IQela leDemocratic (CDP)

Igalelo elikhutshwe kwimikhosi yangaphambili yeDemocratic Party yaseJapan kunye namanye amaqonga e-CDP axhasa inkqubo yamanye amazwe ebeka phambili ukuthotywa kwezoxolo, ulawulo, kunye nezobuGaqo-mvana. Iqela lichasa ukuhlaziywa kweQumrhu 9 kwaye lilugxeka ngamandla umthetho karhulumente wokhuseleko. ICDP ixhasa umanyano lwe-U.S.-Japan kodwa ibiza umanyano olulungelelene ngakumbi nogxininiso oluphezulu kwinkqubano yezopolitiko. Ithanda ukuxhasa ulwalamano olunamandla neTshayina neSouth Korea, ifuna ukunciphisa ingxwabangxwaba kwiimeko zezoqoqosho. Kwimibango yezoqoqosho, i-CDP ixhasa urhwebo oluvulekile kodwa lunenkathalo malunga norhwebo olunokuphazamisa imilinganiselo yezolimo yempatho okanye ukusebenza. Iqela lamazwe angaphandle likhuthaza ukutshintsha kwiimeko zobugromany, kodwa lilungele ukudibana neengxaki ezithe kwicala eliphakathi eliphakathi elifana nela amaJadist (P).

Komeito

Iqalwe ngumbutho wamaBhuda iSoka Gakkai, iKomeito liqabane elincinci le-LDP yaye ngaloo ndlela linempembelelo enkulu kwiinkqubo zamanye amazwe. Iqonga ligxininisa uxolo, uncedo lobuntu, kunye nengxoxo. Liye lasebenza njengebreki kwintshukumisa zolungiso ezingakumbi ze-LDP, ingakumbi malunga nohlomelo lwemithetho-siseko. Quaphela iMandla 9 kufuneka igcine isiseko salo. Iqela lixhasa umanyano lwalo lwe-U.S.-Japan kodwa ligxininisa ukubaluleka kolawulo lweZizwe ezimanyeneyo kunye nemibaliso engekho mkhosi. Kwimiba efana noMntla Korea, iKomeito ixhasa ukudityaniswa kwemibutho yemibutho ye-LDP ilungelelaniso kunye nengxoxo. Indima yalo kumaqela amaqela amaqela aphakathi amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela amaqela ahlukeneyo kwiminye imicimbi okanye imicimbi yamazwe aphesheya.

IQela lamaKomanisi laseJapan (JCP)

I-JCP yeyona ntlangano ichasene neU.S. ngokuqhubekayo, icela ukukhutshwa kweSivumelwano soKhuselo lwase-U.S. soMzantsi Afrika kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle osekelwe kubundilele nakukungabikho kolawulo. Ichasa naluphi na uhlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko oluya kuvumela umkhosi opheleleyo nabaxhasi bokunciphisa iindleko zokuzikhusela. IJCP ifuna unxulumano olusondeleyo neTshayina neRashiya kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhuselwa kwenyukliya elikhululekileyo. Nangona inkcaso yayo, iqela liye lasebenzisana namanye amaqela alwayo kwiindleko ezithile zokhuseleko nemithetho yezo ezichasene nemithetho-siseko. Iindawo zalo zomgaqo-mthetho wamanye amazwe zitsala umbutho omncinane kodwa onikezelweyo, nangona zimisela umda wokwakha amaqela afanelekileyo.

Nipton Ishin no Kai (Iqela leJapan Lokulungisa Ingxaki)

Ngokusisiseko kummandla weKansai, eli qela lidibanisa i-fiscal conitatism kunye nenkqubo yamanye amazwe enobungqongqo. Ishin ixhasa uhlaziyo lomgaqo-siseko ukucacisa ubume bemikhosi ye-Uself-Defense kwaye ixhasa amandla azimeleyo okuzikhusela, kuquka ukuba nethuba lokufumana amandla okuhlasela. Ibuyisela umanyano lwe-U.S.-Japan kodwa igxeka i-LDP ngenxa yokuba nexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwiimfuno zaseMelika, ingakumbi malunga nemithwalo esisiseko. I-Ishin yemithetho yelizwe yangaphandle ibongoza uRhoviet efuna iJapan ibe “luhlanga oluqhelekileyo oluneentloko-engalawulekiyo yezomkhosi phakathi kwesakhiwo somanyano.

Iingxaki Zangaphambili Zokuphelisa Ezobupolitika Kwevangelwa Kwevange

Ukwanda KweTshayina Nengxaki Yokhuseleko

Ukwenziwa kwemithetho yokhuseleko olukhawulezileyo kweTshayina kunye nokufuna kwayo imimandla eqinileyo kwi-Mpuma ye-China Sea, kuquka eziqithinini zeSenkaku/iDiayu, ngokuchanekileyo kuguqule imekobume yokhuseleko lwaseJapan. Oku kunyanzelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphandle lukhulise i-LDP, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufumaneni imali yokuzikhusela (i-2% ye-GDP), ukufumana amandla amatsha afana nomatshini ozinzolo olude, kunye nokuqinisa umanyano noxokelelwano ne-United States. Amaqela abachasi ajongenengxaki: agxeka i-LDP's commovencesssssssssss abonakala ebuthathaka kukhuseleko lwesizwe, kodwa axhasa imithetho efanayo yokulwa kwemfazwe. Umzekelo, uninzi lwe-CDP, luzama ukuvelisa inkqubo yokuhlasela kwe-Rhavini, kuquka ii-R.

Ukungaphili ngokwezoqoqosho Nezivumelwano Zorhwebo

Ingxoxo yorhwebo lwehlabathi lonke iye yaba libala eliziphindaphindayo lengxoxo yabaququzeleli. I-LDP iye yalandela izivumelwano ze-mega-region njenge-CPPP kunye neSivumelwano se-Japan-EU soMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi woMsebenzi wezezimali, kunye norhwebo lorhwebo oluthe ngqo neUnited States. Ezi zivumelwano zinikela iinzuzo zezoqoqosho kodwa zibhenca amacandelo akhuselekileyo anjengobulimi kunye namayeza okukhuphisana, nto leyo agxekwa yiyo. ICDP ne-JCP iphikisa ukuba inkxakeko enjalo yemisebenzi ephambili kumalungelo emisebenzi esebenzela kunye nokhuseleko. Ngokukhawuleza, iJapan ithumela imiqathango yemiqathango yezo zezoshishino eMzantsi Korea (209) kunye neengxaki zorhwebo ezilandelayo phakathi kwamazwe amabini emfazweni, kunye ne-LDP ebangela ukuchasana kwentlalo lwelizwe lonke. Ukurhoxina kwe-ondo lobugcisa, i-uthel.

Uphengululo lomgaqo-siseko: Umgaqo wenkqubo yelizwe eqhubekayo

Ingxoxo emalunga nokuphinda kuvunywe kweGatya lesi-9. Mhlawumbi ngumzekelo othe ngqo wolwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe oluphembelela izobupolitika. I-LDP ibisoloko ifuna ukuphinda ibhale umgaqo-siseko ukuze ivumele umkhosi opheleleyo, iphikisa ngelithi ulwimi lwangoku luphelelwe lixesha loncedo lweziqinisekiso kwilizwe lemfazwe yasemva kwemfazwe. Umphathiswa weSigqeba uAbe wenza umgaqo-siseko ube lusukelo olusemgangathweni, kwaye i-LDP icebisa ukongezelela inqaku elitsha eliza kuqinisekisa ubukho bemikhosi ye-Unefense. I-CDP, i-Komeito, ne JCP zonke ezichasa uhlazinzo olunjalo, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezohlukeneyo. UKomeito ugxininiso ugxininiso ukuba uxolo luhlale luhleli lungaguquguquki, ngoxa i-JCP ingafuni nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi nayiphi naleyo imo yokhuseleko lomkhosi. Le ngxaki i-CP.

IOkinawa Imibandela Esisiseko nobukho bomkhosi waseUnited States

Ukubekwa kwakhona kweMarine Corps Air Station Futenma eOkinawa kuseyinxeba elingquzulwayo lezobupolitika. ILDP norhulumente wase-U.S. bavuma ukufudusa isiseko ukuya kwiHenoko Bay ehlalwa nabahlali abambalwa, kodwa ukwakhiwa kuye kwavalwa yinkcaso yobulali kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibutho yezopolitiko yaseOkinawa. Irhuluneli yaseOkinawa, isoloko ixhaswa ngamaqela aphikisanayo, iye yazichasa izicwangciso zikarhulumente eziseko, yenza umbano olubalulekileyo loxanduva phakathi kwesizwe namazwe asekuhlaleni. Imbambano ingqina indlela ezizibo zidibaniselwano zezobupolitika (u.S.-Japan) ezinyanze imikhosi yezopolitiko ezinokuchasa imicimbi kuwo onke amaqela kufuneka ihambe kulo mhlaba, kunye namaqela alwanobugxandene nezo amaqela asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni.

Ukuguquka Kweembono Zabantu Nemiphumo Ebalulekileyo

Uluvo lukawonke-wonke lwamaJapan ngenkqubo yokhuseleko neyokwelinye ilizwe luye lwatyhileka ngokuphawulekayo, ingakumbi kwishumi leminyaka elidlulileyo. IMicimbi yeQumrhu (ukukhula kwezoqoqosho, imbonakalo esezantsi yomkhosi) kudala ilawula, kodwa ukunyuka kwengqiqo yesisongelo esivela eChina naseMntla Korea kubangele ukuxhasa uluntu ukuma okunamandla. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-Ofisi ye-ofisi yeKhabhinethi kunye nemithombo yezokhuseleko kuhlala kuhleli, ingakumbi i-[FOLD] ukuzama ukulwa nokhuseleko lwe-Whitements-WP [[F]] [FOLT] [iiiiiindawo yokuqala, i-FOFG] [incoggno yokhuseleko lomkhosi we-RGP] kubonise ukuvunywa kwemikhosi yezizwe ngezizwe kunye nokuthenwa kwe-odwa kwe-odwa. UP] Ngoku, uninzi lwamanyuko luye lwamanyeneyokuqinisekisa, kodwa luye lwamazwe luye lwamkele i-U.

Utyekelo lwexesha elizayo: Ingxaki yemizimba eguquguqukayo neyobuchule

Ukukhangela phambili, imekobume yehlabathi lonke yaseJapan iya isiba nzima. I-United States ihlala iliqabane eliyintloko lokhuseleko, kodwa iminyaka ye-Trump yabangela amathandabuzo ngokuthembeka kwezibophelelo zaseMerika. Ulawulo lweBiden luye lwaphinda lwaqinisekisa umanyano olukhoyo, kodwa ukubuyela kwikamva lokungaqiniseki. Okwangoku, amandla eTshayina akhulayo nokwanda kokhuphiswano lweendawo ze-Phondo kuthetha ukuba iJapan ayinakusuka nje ithathe i-U.S. Ingxube impikiswano ecacileyo ebangela i-oyile echuliweyo kodwa ebalulekileyo kuwo onke amaqela malunga “nento engaqhelekanga.” Ngokunjalo i-LDP ayinakuwithiswa phantsi koMphathi woMphathiswa we-Finiciosi (201-2010), kwaye igxininisa ukhuseleko lwamazwe oxhaphayo, nangona i-oknaye i-ondleka, i-offcineycel, i-oce i-oce i-offcipt , i-ographdiase , i-ographd syntiase sy

[[NT.0] I-Deplomatic Bluebook yeMicimbi yaManyhelpheni eJapani isoloko ichaza ucelomngeni neempendulo, kwaye iindawo zamaqela ezobupolitika zisoloko ziboniswa kwiingxoxo zikaDiet malunga nenkqubo yamanye amazwe. Ukudibanisa ulwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe kunye nemicimbi yezobupolitika yamakhaya akuyoya eJapan kuphela, kodwa imiqathango yelizwe, ukuxhomekeka kwemiqathango yengingqi, kunye nenkxwaleko yengingqi yengingqi kuyenza ibe luphawu olwahlukileyo.

Isiphelo

Impembelelo yolwalamano lwezizwe ngezizwe kwimicimbi yezobupolitika eManyano yaseJapan ihlala inzulu kwaye ingummiselo wemibutho emininzi. Ukusukela ekumisweni komgaqo-siseko wemfazwe ukuya kwingxoxo yexesha lasemva kwemfazwe, iingcinezelo zangaphandle ziye zasoloko zibumba amaqonga, iimbambano, ii-adistiki, kunye neempembelelo ezizizo zemikhosi yezizwe ngezizwe. Umanyano lwase-U.S.-Japan lwezi Japan lumi njengemeko engundoqo, kodwa ukunyuka kwemiqathangophiko-yo, ukuxhasana kwezoqoqosho, kunye nokutshintsha kwamandla ehlabathi lonke kuyaqhubeka kuvelisa umlinganiselo omtsha weengxaki. Amaqela ezobupolitika aseJapan, enoba kurhulumente okanye kuphikisa, kufuneka aqhubeke eqhuba imicimbi ephakathi kwezivumelwano zokhuseleko, ukuhlonela imilinganiselo yokulwa nokwenza ulawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe. Indale yezopolitiki yelizwe eJapan ayinakuqondwa ngaphandle kokuzichaza ngoko kumazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo ezisetyenziswa kuwo.