Indlela Eziphendulwa Ngayo Iinqobo Zemali

Iimvavanyo ze Jury zisebenza njengendlela enzima abemi abaqhelekileyo abahlola ngayo amandla enkampani nokulungisa ubume belizwe elisemthethweni. Xa amajaji enika izigqibo kwiimeko zomthetho ezithengwa ngabathengi, izigqibo zawo zisoloko zisenza okungaphezulu kunokucombulula impikiswano enye — ziyakwazi ukudibanisa iinguqu ezikhawulezileyo kwimithetho yokukhusela abathengi. Ngokuguqulela ukuvutha komntu obenzakalisayo kwisigwebo esinyanzelekileyo, ezi zigqibo zithumela imiqondiso enamandla kwimizi-mveliso nakubenzi bomthetho, ukuqaqambisa imiqathango ekhoyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho yemithetho.

Ulwalamano phakathi kweziphumo zabachopheli-tyala notshintsho olusemthethweni alunanto ithethwa nje. Ukutyhubela imbali, izigqibo eziphawula iziganeko zetyala ziye zashukumisela iiKhomishini zendlu yowiso-mthetho nezindlu zowiso-mthetho ukuba zimisele imilinganiselo engqongqo yokhuseleko, iimfuno zomthetho ezinyanzelisa ukunyanzeleka, kunye neenkqubo zokulungelelanisa ukunyanzeleka komsebenzi womsebenzi wobunkunkqele. Ukuqonda le mpembelelo kubalulekile kubaxhasi babathengi, iingcali zezomthetho, kunye nabenzi bemithetho efuna ukusebenzisa amandla apheleleyo enkqubo yokulawula amakhaya.

Isiseko Sezilingo Zobu Juli Kurhwebo

Enyanzelweni yalo, ityala labachopheli-tyala lilulungiselelo lolawulo-moya olunika abemi amandla okucombulula iimpikiswano ezisekelwe kwizibakala nakumthetho njengoko kuyalelwa. Kwimicimbi yokhuseleko lwabathengi, oku kuthetha ukuba iqela labantu bemihla le lihlola enoba ihambo yenkampani iwuphula umthetho kusini na umsebenzi osemthethweni, enoba oko kubangelwa zizinto ezingalunganga, izibhengezo ezikhohlisayo, okanye izenzo zezoshishino ezingekho semthethweni. Xa amajaji efumana inkxaso kubathengi, izigqibo zawo zinobunzima bokuziphatha yaye ngokufuthi zityhila iingxaki ezingokwenkqubo ezisenokuba zibubukele.

UJuries uzisa imilinganiselo yoluntu enkundleni. Izigqibo zabo zibonisa oko ibutho labantu likugqala kuvumelekile kwimibutho. Ngokomzekelo, isigqibo esibangela isohlwayo esibalulekileyo, sidlulisela isigidimi esicacileyo sokuba ihambo yommangalelwa ingaphaya kwendlela. Esi sigwebo sikawonke-wonke sinokuba namandla kakhulu kunentlawulo esetyenziswayo, kanye ngenxa yokuba sivela koontanga kunokuba siphumeze kwii-asracta.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi eminyaka, ukuchotshelwa kwenkundla ephezulu yabachopheli-tyala kuye kwabonisa oku ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Xa umgwebi ebophelele umenzi wetyala ngenxa yemveliso eyingozi, iziphumo zokuzalisa zinganwenwa ngaphaya kwemeko ekhawulezileyo. Inkcitho ye-inshorensi, iinkqubo ze-oventine, imigaqo yeshishini iguquke, kwaye imigangatho yoshishino izenzeke. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iziphumo ezipheleleyo ngummiselo omtsha okanye umthetho obophelela igosasi somgwebi ngokugqibeleleyo.

Ufundisiso Lwetyala: IFord Pinto Nokwanda Kwemithetho Yokhuseleko

Akukho ngxoxo yempembelelo yabachopheli-tyala kumthetho wabathengi iphelele ngaphandle kwemeko yeFord Pinto ka 1970. Emva kokuba ijaji ifunyaniswe iFord ibeke ityala lokufa okuphosakeleyo komntwana okwishumi elivisayo othe uPito waqhushumba emva kongquzulwano, isigqibo sothusa ushishino lwezimo ze-auto. Isigqibo sabachopheli-mthetho, esiquka ukona okuninzi kweziphumo zesiphumo sesiphumo semali, sibhenca isiphene esibulalayo kuhlalutyo lwemali ye-Ford-benefit: inkampani yaqikelela ukuba ixabiso lokuphelisa ukutsha nokubulala ityala lamaphepha e-mastilur lizakuba lihlawulwa ngokuhla kwexabiso kunokuba lilungise ukwenziwa kwepetroli.

Isikhalazo sikawonke-wonke esalandela isigqibo sasisikhulu. Ingxelo yezondaba yagxininisa kwimisebenzi yangaphakathi kaFord, eyayibonisa i-calculus ebandayo exabisa ingeniso engaphaya kobomi. Ekuphenduleni, iindlu zowiso-mthetho nezikhululo zikarhulumente zakhawuleza zaya kuqinisa imigangatho yokhuseleko lwenqwelo-moya. ISigqeba se-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NTSA) yasebenzisa imigaqo emitsha yemo yempatho yokugcina amafutha, kwaye imodeli ebekwe ngabachopheli bejaji yanikela ngqo kwi-mouse ye-mouse Vehicle Satyty Actment Ament eyalandelayo. Ityala lisengumzekelo wencwadi wendlela yokuchaza indlela esimelelwa ngayo imiqobo enye ekwahlukanisa ngayo imiqobo kunye nokuqhuba utshintsho.

Ukufundwa okubhekele phaya kwemeko yePito kunye neziphumo zayo zokhuseleko, bona iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwesithuthi kunye nohlaziyo loxanduva lwemali yequmrhu.

Johnson & Johnson Talcum Pewder: Izigwebo Ezatshintsha Imigangatho Yediski

Ungcelele lwetyala lokuchophela ityala ngokuchasene noJohnson & Johnson kwimveliso yakhe yomgubo womgubo wecangci inika omnye umzekelo onamandla. Ukuqala phakathi ko-2010, amatyala eMissouri, eKhalifoniya, kunye namanye amatyala anika amawaka eerandi ilahleko kumabhinqa aba ingcali yomhlaza wesibeleko emva kwamashumi eminyaka esebenzisa usana lwenkampani. Amaxwebhu angaphakathi aziswa ekuzanyweni abonisa ukuba uJohnson & Johnson waye wazi malunga nongcoliso oluphezulu kangangeminyaka kodwa wahluleka ukulumkisa abathengi.

Ezi zigqibo zabachotho zaba nesiphumo esikhawulezileyo. Ukuphanda kwabantu kwanda, kwaye amaqela abathengi afuna ukuphawulwa ngamandla kwaye avavanywe. IFDA (FDA) yaphendula ngokwanda kohlolo lwemveliso ye-talc yobuhle kwaye ekugqibeleni ivelise imigangatho emitsha yovavanyo. Amaphondo amaninzi asungula umthetho ofuna abenzi bobugocibo-gocigoce bavavanya i-asbestos kwaye atyhile iziphumo kwiziphumo zemveliso. Ngo-2020, u-Johnson & uJohnson wachaza ukuba iza kuyeka ukuthengisa i-talc-mfa yomntwana ekwi-United States nase Canada, kodwa aqululel- “misformation” kodwa kwakhona avume iziphumo zemveliso.

Ukuqukumbelana kwezigwebo zejaji kumatyala e-talc kubonisa indlela izigwebo eziphindaphindiweyo kwinkampani enye ezinokuvelisa ngayo uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lwezobupolitika ukuze zinyanzelise utshintsho lomthetho. Ukucaphula indima yeFDA ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko, kubhekiselele kwinkqubo ye-FDA Cosmetics.

IVolkswagen Egistracts Scanal: IMigangatho yokuBuqhetseba yoMrhwebi iSigweba

I-Volkswagen diesel ehlasimlisiweyo, eyaphuka ngo-2015, yakhokelela kwizenzo zodidi lwabathengi kunye namatyala abachopheli-tyala kulo lonke elase-United States. Xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba iVolkswagen ifake i-software elungiselelwe ukuqhatha iimvavanyo ze-octive, kwii-odoless ezininzi zafumanisa ukuba inkampani inetyala lokuqhatha kunye nokuqhatha kwabathengi. Iziphumo zale mithetho, zidityaniswe nezenzo zomthetho, i-Volkswagen inyanzelela ukuhlawula amawaka ezigidi zezohlwayo zezithuthi, ithenge amakhulu amawaka eemoto.

Impembelelo kumthetho yayinzulu. I-Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) yahlaziya imithetho yayo yokuhlola ukufumanisa izixhobo zokoyisa ngokunempumelelo, kwaye iKhomishini yaphulaphula imithetho eyakhokelela kwiinkqubo zokukhupha ukhupho-mvume ezinamandla kubo bonke abenzi be-auto. Imimiselo yokukhusela iConsumer kumaphondo anjengeKhalifoniya neNew York yalungiswa ukuze iquke intetho ecacileyo ngokuqhatha kokusingela imeko- bume. Ityala le-Volkswagen lakhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwe-EPA etsha ye-EPA yelorish kunye neebhasi[, inyusa izifundo ezifundwe kwiimvavanyo zejaji zejaji.

Oko kwaboniswa zisigqibo seVolkswagen kukuba amatyala abachopheli-tyala angacombululeki nje kuphela kodwa anokulungisa ukulahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho okupheleleyo okubangelwa kukuqhatha. Xa abathengi bahlawula igalelo le-oyile ecocekileyo" eyayingcolisa, abagwebi bohlwaya inkohliso eyaneleyo ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha neyobuveleli borhulumente.

INayititi yoMgaqo: Ukusuka Kwisigwebo Ukubeka iMithetho

Inkqubo yokuba ityala liphembelele imithetho yokukhusela abathengi iqondwa njengeseti yempendulo. Xa inkundla yetyala inikela isigqibo esibalulekileyo, ityala linyuswa yingxelo yamajelo eendaba. Abagwebi bayaqaphela, ingakumbi ukuba isigqibo sityhila ubuthathaka kwisiseko esisemthethweni esikhoyo. Uxinzelelo lwemithetho luye lwaqina, kwaye iindlebe zibanjwe. Ekugqibeleni, umthetho uyabhaliswa, uyaphikwa, kwaye uyadluliswa.

Eli rhintyela lisebenza kumgangatho worhulumente nowaseburhulumenteni. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokukhusela abathengi eUnited States zazalwa kwizigqibo ezibhenca izithuba kumthetho.

IVreddict-to-Law Wimline

  • Ukwahlula komsantsa: Isigqibo sabachopheli-tyala sityhila ukuba umthetho wangoku awuphumeleli ukukhusela abathengi kwingozi ethile.
  • IMedia kunye nolwazi lukawonke-wonke: izigqibo eziphezulu zeprofile zibangela ukuba kusasazwe iindaba ngokubanzi, kufundiswe abenzi bomthetho ngokufanayo.
  • [[UMTHETHO: 0] I-Inquisthi engundoqo: Congress okanye iikomiti zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente zindulule uphengululo kwimbambano engundoqo.
  • Iprotosal: abenzi bomthetho bazisa umthetho owenzelwe ukuvala isithuba, ngokufuthi bacaphula ityala labagwebi ngqo.
  • Ukuva kwePublic Public Prevings kunye ne-Advocacy: Amaqela e-Consumer, abameli boshishino, kunye neengcali zomthetho zingqina, ngesigqibo sabachopheli-tyala esisetyenziswa njengobungqina bemfuneko yotshintsho.
  • Umthetho omtsha uqalisa ukusebenza, unika abathengi ukhuseleko olomeleleyo kwaye uthintela ukuziphatha okubi kwixesha elizayo.

Lo mbhobho awuzenzekeli. Ufuna ukuba ukhuselwe ngokuqhubekayo kwimibutho yabathengi, amagqwetha, nabezobupolitika abafuna utshintsho. Kodwa isigqibo sabachopheli-mvo sisebenza njengesixhobo esinamandla sokubangela ingozi, sinika umzekelo ocacileyo womonakalo ongenakutyeshelwa.

Izenzo zodidi lwenkangeleko ephezulu kunye nempembelelo yalo

Izigqibo zenkqubo yeklasi zinempembelelo enamandla kumthetho kuba zidibanisa inani elikhulu lamatyala abantu ngabanye. Xa inkundla yetyala ifumana iziphumo ngokuchasene nenkampani ekujoliswe kuyo kwisenzo seklasi, umgwebo udla ngokubandakanya izigidi okanye amawaka ezigidi zeerandi. Ezi zigqibo zinikela ingqalelo kumaziko entloko-ndaba kwaye zinyanzelisa kumgangatho ophezulu karhulumente.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo yi-Master Settlement Agreement Avention yonyaka ka-1998, eyayincomela amashumi eminyaka edityanisiweyo kunye namatyala abagwebi abagwebi abaphambili abasebenza ngemidiza. Nangona isivumelwano sokugqibela sasiyindawo yokuhlalisana, sabunjwa zisigqibo sabachopheli bejaji esasisele sifake iibhaso ezinkulu zomonakalo webhaso. Isivumelwano sakhokelela ekupheliseni iinguqu kwintengiso yecuba, imiqathango yentengiso, kunye nokudalwa kwe-American Leaveracy Foundation.

Kutshanje, isigwebo seklasi ngokunxamnye neenkampani ezithengisa amayeza ngokukhohlisayo ngenxa yee-opioids siye sashukumisela amagqwetha esizwe ukuba alandele umthetho omtsha owisela igalelo i-opioid umenzi wezonyango olukhobokisayo aze afake igalelo lokwenza iminikelo kwimali yonyango olukhobokisayo. Indima yabachopheli-mvo kubagwebi kwezi meko kukuqinisekisa ukuba amawaka eengcungcungcu zokugula nokulinganisa umonakalo ngendlela abalawuli abangenakukwazi ukuyifaka.

Indlela Izigwebo Eziphenjelelwa Ngazo Ukuziphatha Okungavunyelwanga

Asiyompembelelo yonke yetyala labachopheli-tyala exhomekeke kwimithetho emitsha. Maxa wambi isisongelo nje sesigqibo sabachopheli-tyala siyakwazi ukuguqula indlela yokuziphatha yequmrhu. Iinkampani ziqwalasela izigqibo ezicinezelweyo ngokusondeleyo, ingakumbi kwimimandla ezisebenza kuyo. Xa inkampani ibona umphikisi ebethelelwa ngebhaso elikhulu lejaji ngenxa yesenzo esithile, isoloko iguqula imigaqo yayo ukuze iphephe iityala ezifanayo.

Oku maxa wambi kuthiwa “yiziphumo zobuqhetseba” zokuvavanywa kwetyala. Isebenza ngokwahlukileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yowiso-mthetho. Ngokomzekelo, emva kwesigwebo esininzi esichasene namakhaya abasebenzi abalupheleyo abafanelekileyo, izibonelelo ezininzi zokwandisa ngokuzithandela amaziko asebenzo-omongikazi kunyanzelo lwawo nakubeni kungekho mthetho omtsha karhulumente ofunekayo. Baqonda ukuba ijaji iza kuqwalasela ihambo yayo ngokuchasene nomgangatho wolwazelelelo, kwaye batshintsha ngokufanelekileyo.

Isiphumo sokunqanda sinamandla ingakumbi xa kubandakanyeka umonakalo wesohlwayo. Umonakalo wesohlwayo wesohlwayo wenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukusohlwaya nokuthintela ukuziphatha okubi. Xa amatyala ewabekayo, athumela umqondiso kungekuphela kummangalelwa kodwa kushishino lonke. Umngcipheko wokohlwaya yintshukumisa enamandla yeenkampani ukuba zifake imali ekuthobeleni, ekulawuleni umgangatho, nasekukhuseleni abathengi.

Noko ke, ukuxhomekeka kwimiqathango yabachopheli-tyala kuphela kunemida. Ezinye iinkampani zisenokubala ukuba amathuba okumangalelwa aphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuthethelelwe isimilo esiyingozi. Yiyo loo nto imikhosi yokhuseleko olunamandla yabathengi idibanisa ufikelelo oluqinileyo lwabachopheli-tyala ngemilinganiselo ecacileyo. Ezi zimbini ziqinisana: imigaqo ebeka umgangatho, kwaye izigqibo ezigwebayo zinganyanzela iinkampani ukuba zigqithe loo mgangatho.

Imiqobo Nocelomngeni Kulwalamano Lokwaphulwa Komthetho

Ngawo onke amandla ayo, inkqubo yokuchophela amatyala ayiyonto ifanelekileyo yokuguqula umthetho wabathengi. Iingxaki eziliqela zinokulwenza buthathaka unxulumano phakathi kwesigqibo sabachopheli-tyala notshintsho lomthetho. Ukuqonda ezi zithintelo kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na ofuna ukusebenzisa igalelo njengesixhobo sokuguqula iinguqu.

I-Jurray neziphumo eziguquguqukayo

Iintsomi zenziwe ngabantu, kwaye abantu banekhethe. Kwezinye iimeko, abagwebi basenokuba novelwano olugqithisileyo kummangalelwa osebenza kwinkampani, ingakumbi ukuba imfuno yabagwebi ibonakala ingaphaya kwamandla. Kwezinye iimeko, abagwebi basenokuphenjelelwa zizicelo ezingokweemvakalelo kunokuba bafumane ubungqina obungqongqo. Oku kuguquguquka kunokwenza kube nzima kubalawuli ukuba bafumane izifundo ezicacileyo kwimiqathango yejaji.

Ngokomzekelo, inkundla yabachopheli-tyala kwelinye ilizwe ingahlawulwa ngengozi enkulu yeziyobisi ezisisbebe, ngoxa ijaji kwelinye ilizwe lingavumi ukumangalela into efanayo ngokuchasene nommangalelwa omnye ngezibakala ezifanayo. Abenzi bomthetho basenokungaqiniseki ukuba baza kusiphatha esi sigqibo njengobungqina bengxaki yenkqubo okanye njengeyokuphelisa ukuma. Oku kungalibazisela okanye kurhoxise inyathelo lomthetho.

Ilahleko Ephezulu Yokubhambathiswa

Ukumangalelwa kwetyala kwentengiselwano kubiza imali eninzi. Zifuna amangqina ochwepheshe, ukufunyanwa okunzulu, yaye ngokufuthi iminyaka emininzi yokumangalelwa. Kubathengi abaninzi, indleko kunye nomngcipheko wokuzisa ityala labachopheli-tyala ziyasilela. Ngenxa yoko, kuphela amatyala anzima okanye abo banomonakalo omkhulu abanokubakho bafikelela kwisigqibo. Oku kuthetha ukuba impembelelo yabachopheli-mvo ijoliswe kushishino oluphezulu, ngoxa iindawo ezingazingeni nzuzo kangako zengozi yabathengi zisenokungahlawulwa.

Utshintsho olusemthethweni olufana namalungiselelo omrhumo kunye neenkqubo zodidi lunceda ekunciphiseni imiqobo, kodwa ukufikelela kokusesikweni kuhlala kulucelomngeni. Xa kuphela iirhafu ezizizityebi okanye eyona ngozi iyingozi ibangela ukuvavanywa kwetyala, uphawu oluthunyelwa kubenzi bomthetho aluphelelanga.

Ukuchasa nokuzicinezela komthetho

Kwanaxa isigqibo sabachopheli-tyala sibonakalisa ngokucacileyo imfuneko yokhuseleko olutsha, isenzo sowiso-mthetho asiqinisekiswanga. Amashishini anamandla asoloko echasa utshintsho, ephikisa ukuba imithetho ekhoyo yanele okanye ukuba imimiselo emitsha izakubeka iindleko ezingeyomfuneko. Kwezinye iimeko, iBhunga okanye iindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe zidlulise imithetho [ ummiselo amandla ogwebo lokugcina iinkampani zinoxanduva, njengaxanduva iziphumo zemali okanye ukubeka iimfuno zenkqubo zodidi olungqongqo.

Umzekelo ophawulekayo nguMthetho weCadi Action Fairness Act ka-2005, owashukumisa izenzo ezininzi ezinkulu zodidi ukusuka kwiinkundla zikarhulumente ukuya kwiinkundla zikarhulumente, apho imiqobo yezoshishino idla ngokuba mikhulu khona. Lo mthetho wawuxhaswa zizinto zoshishino ezazixhaswe zizinto zenkundla yezorhulumente ezaziphikisa ukuba amatyala angenamsebenzi. Isiphumo yayikukunciphisa inani lezenzo zodidi kwaye ngaloo ndlela ingcinezelo yabenzi bomthetho ukuguqula imimiselo yokukhusela abathengi.

Ukomeleza Unxulumano Phakathi Kwemijukujelwa Nezikhuseli Zorhwebo

Zininzi iindlela ezinokukunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izigqibo eziye zaphunyezwa ngabachopheli - tyala ziphucule imbono yabo.

Ukufundisa Ngemibandela Yentengiso

Abachopheli abanako ukwenza izigqibo ezithelekelelwayo ukuba abayazi imigaqo esisiseko engokwasemthethweni kunye nomongo. Iinkundla kunye nabameli abasemthethweni kufuneka basebenze ukuphucula imiyalelo yabachopheli-tyala baze banikele inkcazelo ecacileyo ngemibandela yokhuseleko lwabathengi esengozini. Xa abachopheli beqonda intsingiselo ebanzi yendima yabo, basengozini yokukhupha izigwebo ezivakalayo kwimibutho yemithetho.

Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko ezintsonkothileyo zamayeza, abagwebi banokusebenzisa intetho ecacileyo ukuze bachaze indlela inkampani engakwazi ngayo ukulumkisa abathengi ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo yezoshishino.

Ukukhuthaza Ukubonakala ngaphaya kwinkqubo yogwebo

Ukubonakala gca kuyimfuneko ekuguquleleni isigqibo sejaji kwisenzo sowiso-mthetho. Xa izigqibo zitywinwa okanye ziyimfihlo, ukunqandwa kwazo kunye neziphumo ezibonisa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo. Iinkundla kufuneka zivumele ukufikelela koluntu kwiingxelo zokuvavanywa, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya impilo yoluntu okanye ukhuseleko. Amaqela amagosa olwaphulo-mthetho anokunceda ngokuzisa izigqibo ezisemgaqweni nokuguqulela izishwankathelo ezifikelelekayo zamajelo-ndaba nabantu ngokubanzi.

Imibutho emininzi igcina iinkcazelo zesigqibo sabachopheli-tyala. Ezi zinto ziluncedo kubaphandi nabenzi beenkqubo abafuna ukuchaza imfuneko yokuhlaziywa komthetho. Okukhona ichaza iziphumo zomthetho, kokukhona impembelelo yayo ikhula.

Ukukhuthaza Ukukhuthaza Umthetho

Abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bafundiswe ngokubaluleka kwesigwebo sabachopheli-tyala. Amaqela angenamali kunye namagqwetha angoonongendi anokuba nendima ngokunikela ubungqina phambi kweekomiti zemithetho, ngokunikela inkcazelo ngemiqathango yesigwebo, nangokuthetha amaxhoba asemva kwaloo matyala. Ukwakha ulwalamano nabenzi-mthetho kunye nabasebenzi bawo kuqinisekisa ukuba xa kusenziwa isigqibo esikhulu, kuqwalaselwa njengenxalenye yendlela elandelwayo kunokuba ibe sisiganeko esingaqhelekanga.

Amanye amaphondo acebe ngendlela yokuhlola izigqibo zejaji nokuncomela iimpendulo zemithetho. Umzekelo, igqwetha-mikhosi laseburhulumenteni lingakhupha ingxelo elandela isigqibo esiphambili sokuqhatha kwabathengi, ichaza iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo. Ezi ngxelo zinokuba sisiseko semali entsha.

Ikamva Lempembelelo KaJury Kumhlaba Osemthethweni Owonganyelweyo

Njengoko umthetho wokukhusela abathengi uqhubeka uguquka, indima yabachopheli - tyala isenokutshintsha ngenxa yokutshintsha kwendlela ebebecinga ngayo izinto kunye nobugcisa.

Umonakalo wobuxhakaxhaka kunye nomonakalo omkhulu

Ubugcisa obutsha — ukusuka kubukrelekrele obungebobobobobo okanye ukuchaza ukuphulwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo — buza kuvelisa iindlela ezintsha zomonakalo wabathengi ezisenokungangeni kakuhle kwiindidi ezikhoyo zomthetho. Iintlanganiso ziya kucelwa ukuba zivavanye enoba iinkampani zidibene nemigaqo esemthethweni na kwezi mimandla zingakhange zihlolwe. Izigqibo zazo ziya kunika abenzi bomthetho ukhokelo olubalulekileyo oluzama ukuhambisana nolwakhiwo.

Iliza lakutshanje lokwaphuka kogcino-lwazi liyafundisa. Isigqibo sikaJury ngokuchasene neenkampani ezinjenge-Equifax kunye ne-Marriott sokusilela ukukhusela ugcino-lwazi lwabathengi siye sabangela ukuba iindlu zowiso-mthetho zesizwe zicebise ukuba zifumane ukhuseleko olunamandla lwezobugcisa kunye neemfuno zokwazisa. Njengoko ukuzimela kogcino-lwazi kuba ngumba ongundoqo, amaxwebhu ayingcali aza kuba nendima ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni umgangatho wenkathalo.

Enye Ingxabano Nempembelelo Yayo

Ukusetyenziswa okukhulayo komthetho wokulawula izivumelwano zabathengi kusongela ukunciphisa inani letyala labachopheli-tyala. Xa abathengi benyanzelwa ukuba bafakelwe ityala, baphulukana nelungelo lokufumana ityala, kwaye umqondiso kawonke-wonke onika isigqibo awukho. Olu tshintsho luye lwaphakamisa inkxalabo phakathi kwabaxhasi, abaphikisa ukuba ukupheliswa kwetyala kunye nokuguquka kwenkqubo ethile kunciphisa isigwebo somntu ngamnye.

Amanye amaphondo aye amisela imiqathango enyanzelekileyo yokuthintelwa, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezibandakanya ukwenzakala komntu okanye ukuqhatha. Isiphumo sale ngxoxo siya kuchaphazela ubukhulu besigqibo sokuchophela amatyala siyaqhubeka sibumba imithetho yokukhusela abathengi kwixesha elizayo.

Ingqikelelo-magama

Impembelelo yamatyala abachopheli-tyala kumthetho wabathengi ayipheleliselwanga eUnited States. Nangona iinkqubo zabachopheli-tyala zingezozinto eziqhelekileyo kwamanye amazwe, amazwe amaninzi aye amkela imiqathango yokuququzelelwa okubandakanya ukuba nenxaxheba kwabemi. Kumazwe afana neKhanada, i-United Kingdom ne-Ostreliya, amajaji akwimeko yabemi anokuphembelela iziphumo zokulawula ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo zokuphendula.

Iinkundla zamalungelo abantu zamazwe ngamazwe zikwakubonile ukubaluleka kokuchotshelwa kwetyala labachopheli-tyala lasekuhlaleni njengendlela yokuhlola amandla equmrhu labachopheli. Njengoko iimarike zabathengi zinwenwa, impembelelo yesongelwe yimida enqamlezileyo yejaji iza kwanda. Isigqibo sabachopheli-mvoli-mvolonyeni kwelinye icala sisenokuphembelela abathengi ukuba benze utshintsho lomthetho kwenye, kuveliswe ukukhuselwa kwemida yesizwe.

Isiphelo

Unxulumano phakathi kweziphumo zetyala labachopheli-tyala kunye nemithetho yokukhusela abathengi inamandla kwaye intsonkothile. Ukusuka kwiFord Pinto ukuya kwityala le-Volkswagen eliphehla ukhupho, imbali ibonisa ukuba amajaji anokuba yi-injini yokuguqula okusemthethweni, ukuguqulela izikhalazo zobuqu kwinkqubo etshintshiweyo. Izigwebo zawo zikhanyisa imisantsa kumthetho, uluvo lukawonke-wonke kunye nabenzi bomthetho abanyanzelekileyo ukuba benze okuthile.

Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo ikho ngaphandle kweempazamo zayo. IBias, iindleko, nokuchaswa kwemithetho kungasikel' umda isiphumo seesigqibo zabachopheli-tyala. Kodwa ngokufundisa amajaji, ngokukhuthaza ukubonakala, nangokukhuthaza ukusabela komthetho, abagcini-ziko banokuqinisa olu nxulumano lubalulekileyo phakathi kwabemi abaqhelekileyo nemithetho ebakhuselayo.

Ikamva lokhuseleko lwabathengi lixhomekeke ngokwengxenye ekulondolozeni nasekukhuliseni indima ye-avaleji. Njengoko ubugcisa obutsha budala iindlela ezintsha zomonakalo, kwaye njengoko iinkampani zisebenza kwiimarike ezisoloko zisanda, imfuneko yenkqubo yokulawula yesizwe eyomeleleyo ayizange ibe nkulu. Iimvavanyo ze Jury, ngegunya lazo ledemokhrasi nelemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, ziya kuqhubeka zisenza indima ephambili ekugcineni amaziko eenkonzo ebekel ’ ityala nebangela utshintsho olusemthethweni oluqinisekisa unyango olufanelekileyo kubo bonke abathengi.