Impembelelo yolawulo lobuGawulayo ekuthatheni umhlala-phantsi kweRhulumente nasebuntwini

Iinkqubo zemali zempesheni yephondo zimela enye yeemfuno ezinkulu zexesha elide eziphunyezwa ngurhulumente. Ezi zicacisiweyo ziyingenelo zigubungela izigidi zabasebenzi bakarhulumente kuquka ootitshala, amapolisa, abacimi-mlilo, kunye nabasebenzi borhulumente, namatyala akhutshwayo, izigidi zezigidi zezigidi [ ezweni lonke. Irhuluneli, njengoko umlawuli oyintloko wesizwe ngasinye, uqhuba igunya elithe kratya phezu kwendlela yokuyila, ukuxhasa imali, kunye nolawulo lwale nkqubo yokuhlawula iimali yale nkqubo yokuthatha umhlala phantsi. Ngokuphuma kwemirhumo yemali elungiselelwe imicimbi yezopolitili, izenzo zerhuluneli zingaqinisa okanye zinike ukhuseleko lwezizukulwana zabasebenzi. Ukuqonda indlela inkqubo yolawulo lwe-Rhulumente, ulawulo lwabengi benginyameke nabemi abasebenza phantsi kolawulo oluphantsi kolawulo lwemali.

Indima yokwakhiwa kweeRhuluneli zikaRhulumente kuLawulo lweNtlalo-ntle

Abalawuli belizwe bahlala embindini wolawulo oluntsonkothileyo olumisela indlela ezisebenza ngayo iinkqubo zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi. Amandla abo asesikweni ayahluka ngorhulumente kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo aquka ezi zixhathiso zilandelayo zempembelelo.

Igunya Loqingqo-mali Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Isindululo soqingqo-mali sonyaka serhuluneli simisela isiseko semali ehlawulwa ngumhlala-phantsi kumazwe amaninzi. Xa irhuluneli ibeka intlawulo yemali ephambili, urhulumente unciphisa amatyala angahlawulwayo kwaye uphucula umlinganiselo othe ngqo wemali ehlawulwayo. Xa iminikelo yempesheni ityeshelwa okanye incitshiselwe ukulungelelanisa ezinye izinto eziphambili, amatyala kunye nempilo ende yenkqubo ewohlokayo. Oku kuthengwa kwemali-mali yempephonsi kunye nokuxhasa ezinye iinkqubo ezinjengemfundo okanye izibonelelo zezinye zezigqibo eziphambili ezithenjiswa yirhuluneli ezenza. Uphando olusuka ku- [FLT]]

Amandla okumisa kwiibhodi zetyala

Iinkqubo ezininzi zempesheni yephondo zilawulwa ziibhodi zabaphathiswayo abanoxanduva lotyalo-mali, uqikelelo lwemiba, kunye nezigqibo zolawulo. Iijaji zimisela inxalenye enkulu yala malungu ebhodi, maxa wambi ngesiqinisekiso somthetho. Ukuqulunqwa kwebhodi ngokuthe ngqo kwempembelelo kwiimeko ezimalunga nolwahlulo lwempahla, unyamezelo lomngcipheko, kunye noyilo oluyingenelo. Irhuluneli emisela amalungu ebhodini anobuchule obunzulu bemali kunye nenkululeko yozimele iqinisa iziphumo zotyalo, ngelixa ityumba olunemimiselo yezopolitiko inciphisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide.

Igunya le-agenda elinomthetho ne-Vito

Ngeli xesha iziwiso-mthetho zephondo zidlulisa ngokusesikweni amatyala ohlaziyo, imimiselo yemithetho yerhuluneli imisela imiqathango yengxoxo. Irhuluneli ingacebisa iinguqu, incoko nenkokeli zowiso-mthetho, kwaye isebenzise igunya lokuvala imithetho eziyichasayo. Eli gunya likwandisela kutshintsho oluyingenelo, iminyaka yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, inkcitho yemali ekhoyo, kunye nexabiso leminikelo yabasebenzi. Ukuvuma kwerhuluneli ukubandakanyeka kwimicimbi yempesheni kusoloko kugqiba enoba iinguqu zinegalelo kusini na okanye ziinguqulelo.

Imiyalelo yegunya nezenzo zolawulo

Ngaphandle komthetho, abalawuli bangaphembelela inkqubo yempesheni ngemiyalelo yokuba bathethe ngolawulo, iimfuno zokunika ingxelo, kunye nabafaki-mali. Abanye abalawuli baye basebenzisa imiyalelo yegunya ukugunyazisa uxinezeleko kwiinkqubo ze-western, bafuna ukukhutshwa kwemirhumo yotyalo, okanye bamisele amajoni omsebenzi ukuze bafunde ukugcinwa ixesha elide. Ezi zenzo, nangona zingabonakali kuneenguqu zemithetho, zidala izibonelelo zokuziphendulela ngokuqhubekayo nokuphucula.

Ubuchule Bempembelelo: Uhlalutyo Olunzulu

Utshintsho Luyangenelwa Kwizakhiwo

Enye yezona ndlela zingqalileyo abalawuli abachaphazela ngayo inkqubo yempesheni kukukhuthaza utshintsho kwisakhiwo esiyingenelo. Iziguqulo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukunyusa isizukulwana sokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ukulungisa indlela esetyenziswayo ukulinganisa iingenelo, ukunciphisa ixabiso lento ephilayo, okanye ukuguqula abasebenzi abatsha babe zizinto ezixubileyo okanye ezichaziweyo. Nganye kwezi nguqu zinentsingiselo ebalulekileyo kukonganye kokuzinziswa komhlala-phantsi kunye nokhuseleko lomhlala-phantsi lwabasebenzi basekuhlaleni.

Ukuxhasa Uqeqesho Negalelo Lempatho

Umnikelo omiselwe ngokwesigxina umlinganiselo ofunekayo nyaka ngamnye ukugcina inkqubo yomhlala-phantsi ikwindlela ekhokelela kwimali epheleleyo. IGatya acebisa rhoqo ngoqingqo-mali oludibana okanye olugqithayo olu luhlu lubonisa ingqeqesho yemali. Abo banikela ngentlawulo encinci, ngokufuthi ngokuhlawula intlawulo ende okanye ngokuqikelela ukuba uhlahlo-mali olunika ithemba lubuya, benza inkcitho yesakhiwo ebangela imingeni egqitha kwixesha elingephi. Imanyano yesizwe yoMbutho woMmandla woMhlala phantsi komqobo [[[FLTLT:1]] ibhale ukuba ithetha ukuba ngemigaqo yomnikelo ehlawulelwayo igcine umlinganiselo oxhaswayo ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini, ngoxa abo banemiqatha efunyenweyo phantsi kwe-ethe phesenti engama-60.

Iqhinga lokuveliswa kweemali kunye nokuthunyelwa

Imali yetyala ixhomekeke ekuhlawuleni iimali ezibuyiselweni ekuhlawuleni malunga nee-3 ezimbini zamatyala abo. Impembelelo yerhuluneli kwiimeko zebhodi kunye nenkqubo yotyalo-mali ingabumba ubuchule bemali efunyenweyo. Abanye abalawuli baye batyhalela phambili utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo, kwimiqathango, okanye kwezinye izinto ukunyusa iimbuyekezo. Abanye baye baxhasa ukulondolozwa kwemekobume, intlalo, kunye nolawulo lwemiqathango kwizigqibo zogcino-mali. Uxinzelelo phakathi kokuzinika izigqibo nokusukela usukelo lwenkqubo kudala impikiswano eqhubekayo ngobungakanani boshishino. Iinkokeli ezibeka intengiso ezicacileyo kwizigqibo zorhwebo kunye nokunika ingxelo yoncedo loluntu zikhuthaza ukuthemba ulawulo lwemali yemali ehlawulwa yimali.

Umlinganiselo Wemithetho Yokwaphula Ityala Kwezobupolitika Nezeengcamango

Ukusetyenziswa kwemiqathango yengqesho kudla ngokubonisa indlela ebanzi yezopolitiko neengcamango. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kunceda kucacisa isizathu sokuba amazwe awahlukeneyo asukele iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomhlala-phantsi naxa ejamelene neemeko ezifanayo zamanani nangokoqoqosho.

Umahluko ekufikeni

Uphando olungomhlala-phantsi wemali yempesheni yephondo lutyhila iipakethi ezibonakalayo kwimigca ejikelezayo. Abalawuli baseRiphabliki bebesoloko benobundlobongela ekuqhubeni iinguqu zezakhiwo ezifana nokuvala iinjongo ezichaziweyo zokunceda abasebenzi abatsha, ukucutha iingenelo, kunye neminikelo eyandayo yabasebenzi. Iirhuluneli zedemokhrasi ziye zanelisa ukugxininisa ukulondoloza imigangatho eyingenelo, ukuphucula ingeniso, kunye nokwandisa inkcitho kuluntu olungaphantsi kwabemi abagciniweyo. Noko ke, ezi mpatho azikho zininzi ezi inguqulelo eziye zadibana nolungelelwano olulungelelwano lwengeniso, kwaye iinkokeli ze-paragracmis zisoloko zifumana ulwano olunelo olulungeleneyo lwenkxaso. [[FLT.: 0] Iziko lweziko lobugrobhakan

Ulawulo Olungagqibekanga

Amaqumrhu abasebenzi bakawonke wonke aphakathi kwezona zinamandla ezibandakanyekileyo kwiingxoxo zemida yomhlala-phantsi. AmaGaqo-siseko afuna ukuguqula iinkqubo zempesheni ajongene nenkcaso elungelelanisiweyo kumaqumrhu akhusela izakhiwo ezikhoyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, irhuluneli ezithi zifake inkqubela phambili zisebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye nokhokelo lomanyano lwabasebenzi ukuze ziphumeze umthetho. Amandla ezobupolitika amaqumrhu karhulumente oluntu ajongene macala ahlukene kakhulu, anempembelelo engcono kumazwe asebenza ngokufanelekileyo ebonakalisa impembelelo entlalo-ntle kunye namazwe agunyaza imigaqo ebonakalisa impembelelo enkulu ngakumbi. Izidwa ezi zenzo ezinamandla ngokuqhuba imikhosi ekwakhenke izivumelwano, ngokucacileyo ngokunxulumene nemingeni ejongenemiqatha yemiqatha inkqubo yolawulo yemibutho yoluntu, kunye nemibutho yokwakha equka abasebenzi kunye nabaqeqeshi berhafuthelela irhafu.

Ukucingela Abantu Abaselula Neengozi Zezobupolitika

Utshintsho lwe-pension lunobungozi obubalulekileyo kwezobupolitika ngenxa yokuba luchaphazela ngqo ukulawulwa okucwangcisiweyo nokuthethwa. Irhuluneli ezisukela utshintsho olunamandla zingajamelana nenkcaso evela kubasebenzi bakawonke-wonke kunyulo, ngeli xesha abo bangazihoyiyo iingozi eziziingozi zokushiya abakhokhi beerhafu bexesha elizayo benomthwalo ongathintelekiyo. Ixesha leenguqu ezinxulumene nomjikelezo wonyulo. Abalawuli abasebenza ngokukhawuleza ngokwendlela yabo bafumana ixesha elininzi lokufumana iingenelo lotshintsho lokusebenza nokuzibamba nokuzibamba nzima kwezobupolitika. Abo bazilibazisayo kodwa abafanelekileyo kwizinziso eziyimfuneko baxuba ingxaki yeenguqu ezifunekayo kamva. Abalawuli abaninzi bezobupolitika abaphumelelayo bafumana umhlala-mali njengeendleko yokhuseleko abaqeqeshiweyo nabahlawuli abanoxanduliswayo abanoxandukileyo

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Kukhokelo Lwezigaxa

IRhuluneli A: Utshintsho Olusemgangathweni Noqeqesho Olunyusiweyo

Irhuluneli yasembindini wentshona-ntshona yajongene nenkqubo yomhlala-phantsi eyayinemali engama-55 ekhulwini kuphela, enemiqathango engahlawulwanga efikelela kuma-R2 bhiliyoni. Irhuluneli yacebisa ukuba kubekho ipakethi yotshintsho olubanzi equka ukunyuswa komhlala-phantsi ukusuka kuma-55 ukuya kuma-60 kwabasebenzi abangengomatsha - mandla, inciphisa ixabiso lokulungisa iziphumo zokuhlala kusuka kwisithathu sephesenti, ingakumbi iminikelo yabasebenzi abasebenzi abafumana i-andleko ngepesenti emalunga nama-2 ekhulwini omvuzolo. Irhumela i-obhini yamisela nemfuneko yomgaqo-siseko yesizwe yokwenza umnikelo omisiweyo unyaka ngamnye, ithintela imicimbi yexesha elizayo ekufunyanisweni kwenkqubo yoncedo lwezemali, ukunyuswa kwemali ephucuthelwe yi-75 ekhulwini, kunye nokukhuselwa kwemali yegunya-mali yesizwe. Inkcitho yahla ngethuba elikhoyo, i-enzalo yemi, inceda i-enzalo yemi, i-enzalo eluncedo, i

IRhuluneli B: Zuza Ulwando Notshintsho

Irhuluneli evela kwilizwe lonxweme yamkela indlela eyahlukileyo, ibhekisa kwinzuzo eyahlukileyo, ijonge kwiingenelo zomhlala-phantsi zolwamhlala-phantsi ngexesha befuna ukuphucula ingeniso yenkqubo ngexesha lokuzimela. Irhuluneli yasayinwa umthetho wokubuyisela indleko-mali yezinto eziphilayo eziye zabekelwa phantsi ngexesha lengxaki yoqingqo-mali, yandisa inzuzo yabasebenzi abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-25, kwaye yavelisa inkqubo entsha yongezelelo-mali egciniweyo yokuhlala umhlala phantsi kwemihlala phantsi kubasebenzi. Ukuphelisa iindleko zolwandoqo lwemali eninzi kakhulu, ukunyanzelela utshintsho kwiindleko zorhwebo eziquka ukwandisa ulwahluzo lwemali oluzimeleyo noqoqosho, ukwamkela ukunyuka kwemali engaphezulu kwemali engaphezulu esetyenziswayo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zolawulo olunamandla. Imeko zorhwebo luye lwaphumelela phakathi koncedo lwemali, ukuzuza ingeniso olunezentengo yoncedo oluzinyolelo, ukunyuka kwengeniso oluzinyolelo lwemali, ukunyuka kwengeniso oluzinziwa kwengeniso.

IRhuluneli C: ULawulo oluneenkcubeko noyilo lweHybrid

Irhuluneli yephondo lasentshona yasebenzisana, idibanisa umkhosi oquka abasebenzi abasebenza kunye nabameli berhafu, abaxhasi berhafu, iingcali zemali, neenkokeli zemithetho-siseko zomabini. Igunya lomsebenzi lancomela icebo lemali edibeneyo elidibeneyo elidibeneyo nenzuzo echaziweyo ngecandelo lemali echaziweyo. Abasebenzi abatsha banokufumana inzuzo elingana ne-1 ekhulwini lomvuzomhlala-mali ngonyaka wenkonzo ekhoyo elungiselelwe abaqeshwa, kunye ne-401(k) ye-astiki yemali ekhutshwayo ekhutshelwe phantsi kwemiqatha yomhlawulo wokhuseleko lwabaqeshwa kunye nomqeshwa. Icebo elikhoyo elisisicwangciso lomvuzo livalelweyo lavalwa kwizinto ezintsha kodwa ezigcinwe ngabasebenzi nabarhoxiweyo. Irhuluneli ye-bytisbon i-odrogen ixhasa ipropati yoncedo oludelweyo ngexesha elide lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lokhuseleko lwabeqeshwa.

Iingxaki Zokuphoswa Ngetyala Kurhulumente

Ubuchule obungachatshazelwanga kunye nokungaguquguquki

Ityala elingangeni manzi elingundawe elingundawe owenziweyo kwiinkqubo zomhlala-phantsi zikarhulumente lidlule ii-$1.4 zezigidi zezigidi [[FTLT:1] njengolo hlolisiso lwakutshanje olubanzi. Elityala limela izithembiso ezenziweyo kwimisebenzi yangoku nangaphambili engazange ixhaswe ngokupheleleyo ngeminikelo nangengeniso. Umthwalo wokuhlawula ezi ntlawulo zexesha elizayo uchaphazela ubungakanani bemali yexesha elizayo, usenza ukuba iindleko ezikhoyo zinyuswe kakhulu.

Iingcinezelo zoomatiloshe kunye nomngcipheko wobude

Uqikelelo lobomi lwaseMerika luye lwanyuka malunga neminyaka elishumi ukususela kwiminyaka yoo1950, intsingiselo yokuba abarhoxi baqokelela iingenelo zamaxesha amade kunangaphambili. Umlinganiselo wabaqeshwa abasebenzayo abathatha umhlala-phantsi uncitshisiwe ukusuka malunga no-3 ukuya ku-1-1 kunyaka wama-80 ukuya kutsho ngaphantsi kwe-1. Olu tshintsho loluntu luthetha ukuba abasebenzi abafumana abaninzi baxhasa abahlali abangakumbi, bebangela uxinzelelo lwemali ehlawulwayo njengeyakho-aaa yemali yemali yemali yempesheni. Iinkokeli eziqonda intsingiselo yokwandiswa komhlala-mali zingazitshintsha iintengo ezinxulumene nokufa, iminyaka yokuhlala umhlala phantsi, ukuqinisekisa ukulingana kwemiqathango yendlela yokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo wendlela ubonakalisa ulwalamano lobomi kungcono kunokuba noluthemba.

Ukwanda Kwentengiso Nonyuselo Lokubuyela Eburhulumenteni

Imali yemali yomhlala-phantsi karhulumente efumana ingeniso ephakathi kwe 6.5 ne7.5 ekhulwini ngonyaka, kwanasemva kweminyaka elishumi yenzala esezantsi kunye norhwebo olwandisiweyo. Xa iimbuyiselo zentengo zincipha, imfuno zomnikelo zanda okanye umlinganiselo oxhasweyo. Ukurhoxa kwemali yemali yemali yemali yemali yemali yemali yemali yemali yexeshana ngo-202020 kwabangela ukuncitshiswa kwentengiso yexeshana yemali exhotyisiweyo kumazwe amaninzi, ngelixa ubuyeko olulandelayo lunyuswe imibuzo yokuba ngabahlaziyo abafihla amaza phantsi kweengxaki zesakhiwo. Imikhosi kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ukubuyiselwa kwemiqathango ekhoyo yexesha eliseleyo lokusebenza okungaphindiweyo.

Obona Buqheliso Bulungileyo Nemigaqo Yexesha Elizayo

Ukucaca kwengxelo nokuphendula

Irhuluneli ezinikezela ngokubonisa intelekelelo kwingxelo yempesheni yemali enika intelekelelo kubagcini-mali zenze ityala lokufumana ityala. Iingxelo zonyaka zokupapasha ezineenkcukacha eziquka umlinganiselo oxhasweyo osetyenziswa kwiindlela ezininzi zokulinganisela, iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye nokubuyisela iindleko zoxinzelelo, kunye nokunika iimvavanyo zoxinzelelo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zezoqoqosho zivumela abasebenzi bemiqathango baqonde impilo yokwenene yenkqubo. Ama-United States anjenge- South Dakota kunye ne-" Duhington kunye no-" .

Unxulumano Nomntu Onenxaxheba Kumntu Onenxaxheba

Utshintsho lwetyala luphumelela kakhulu xa abagcini bemali bebotshwa kwangoko kwaye besoloko besenziwa. Abalawuli abayila izakhiwo ezisesikweni zolwazi lwabaqeshwa, banxibelelana ngokungqalileyo namaqela abarhoxiweyo, kwaye banxibelelane ngqo nababuthi berhafu malunga nemfuneko yolwakhiwo lwezopolitiko oluyimfuneko ukuxhasa iinguqu ezinzima. Unxibelelwano oluthe rhoqo malunga nemeko yenkqubo yempesheni, uphuhliso olucwangcisiweyo, kunye nenkqubela ekhokelela kwiinjongo zokuxhasa inkxaso yemali lunciphisa intelekelelo ephosakeleyo kwaye lwakha inkxaso ende kwixesha elide yemithetho yesandi.

Uhlenga-hlengiso oluzenzekelayo

Enye yeziseko ezibalulekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo wempesheni wakutshanje kukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokulungisa obuzenzekelayo obusabela kutshintsho olusemgangathweni oxhasweyo kwinkqubo ngaphandle kokufuna inyathelo lowiso-mthetho. Ezi nkqubo zingalungisa ixabiso lemali elikhoyo, amaqondo oncedo abasebenzi, okanye zingenele ii-cccrural ezisekelwe kumlinganiselo oxhaswayo okanye kwezinye ii-milisekondi. Ngokususa imfuneko yokuphinda-phinda ungenelelo lomthetho, uhlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lunciphisa ubungozi bezobupolitika bokungahoyi iingxaki kwaye zenza ukuziphatha okuthe ngqo kwenkqubo.

Indlela yebhobhile kunye neyokuhamba ngemibhobho emininzi

Intsingiselo yoyilo lwemali yomhlala-phantsi karhulumente isuka kude kwiinjongo ezichaziweyo ezingokwesithethe ezibhekiselele kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ezidityanisiweyo eziluncedo kunye nemodeli ezichaziweyo. Ezi zi-anved zinobungozi phakathi kwabaqeshi nabaqeshi, zinika iindleko ezithe ngqo ngakumbi koorhulumente, kwaye zinika intelekelelo yokuhambela phambili kwimisebenzi ehambayo. Iiplani zabaqeshi abasebenzi abaninzi, ezidityaniswe kunye nabaqeshi abancinane ukuze bafumane umlinganiselo wolawulo lwemali ekwandiseni umhlala phantsi kwabaphathi belizwe abangenakuxhasa iplani encinane. Izikhulu ezihlola ezi zilungele ukumiswa ngokuhambelana kwemihlala emidelelo yazo esebenzayo enceda iimfuno zomsebenzi bobabini nabahlawulelamhlala.

Isiphelo

Ukhokelo lwe-gubernator luphakathi koonobangela abaphambili bokongamela ukurhoxa kwemiqathango yephondo kunye nenkqubo yomhlala-phantsi. Izigqibo abarhumelayo abazenzayo malunga nezinto eziza kuqala, ukubekwa kwemali ecwangcisiweyo, ukubotshwa kwemithetho yezomthetho, kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zempesheni ziyaxhaswa, zinokuthelekisa na, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuzalisekisa izithembiso kumsebenzi woluntu. Uphando oluhlolisileyo lubonisa ukuba abalawuli baneendlela zokufumana iingenelo ezikhoyo, ukusuka kwinkqubo yotshintsho lwesakhiwo kunye nenkqumfa yolawulo olusebenzisanayo kunye nokuyilo olutsha. Umsonto oqhelekileyo phakathi kwerhulu baphathi abaphumelelayo ukuzinikela ngokungqalileyo, ukuqhuba imicimbi yezentengiso, nokusebenza kwezigqibo zemali ezikhoyo, iingcinezelo zemali, kunye nezikhundla eziqhubeka nokubaluleka kolawulo olufanelekileyo lweziko.