Umthetho wesizwe unempembelelo enzulu kumsebenzi osebenzayo wabasebenzi bomthetho, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezimanyumnyezi zamaxesha okuphendula kunye nolwabelo lwee-odolo. Nyaka ngamnye, izikhululo zowiso-mthetho ziqwalasela amakhulu eendleko ezithi ngqo okanye ngokungangqalanga ngendlela amaziko amapolisa asebenze ngayo, afake ingeniso kwezobugcisa, abaphathi-majoni, kunye neemfonomfono zikaxakeka. Isiphumo esizinzileyo sale mithetho singenza okanye sithintele amandla okusebenza komthetho ekukhonzeni abantu ngokunempumelelo. Ukuqonda iindlela ezithile zikarhulumente ezichaphazela ngazo iimpendulo kunye nokusasazakhono ziyimfuneko kuyimfuneko kubenzi benkqubo, abalawuli bamapolisa, kunye nabasebenzi bexesha elithe thuba elifanayo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa izibonelelo eziphambili, ukuzoba kwimizekelo, kwiimeko, kunye nogcino-data ukuze kubonise imingeniselo eluncedo kuzo zombini.

Ixesha lokuphendula kwamapolisa lihlala lilelinye lawona manani abonakalayo asebenzayo kwisebe. Lichazwa njengesithuba ukusuka kwixesha eliyalelwa ngalo inkonzo sifunyenwe sisiko lokuthumela ukuya ekufikeni kwabaphathi-mikhosi bomthetho. Le metric yakhiwe ngamacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo: ukubiza ixesha lokusebenza, ukuthumelela ixesha, nexesha lokuhamba. Icandelo ngalinye liphantsi kokuphenjelelwa ngumthetho wemigangatho karhulumente, nokuba ngoomatiloshe, ungeniso lobugcisa, okanye imigangatho yokusebenza.

Ukuqonda Amaxesha Okusabela Kwamapolisa

Ixesha lokuphendula alilonani lohlobo lonikezelo. Liyahluka-hluka ngokusekelwe kwimo yesiganeko, indawo, ixesha lemini, kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Kwimeko zongxamiseko. "ezifana neziganeko ezisebenzayo, iziganeko zogonyamelo zasekhaya eziqhubekayo, okanye iingxaki zezonyango) ngomzuzwana. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba amaxesha amafutshane okuphendula adibene nenani eliphezulu loloyiko kunye nenani elisezantsi lomonakalo wexhoba. Noko ke, xa kungekho zimnxeba ezikhawulezayo, ukulindela ixesha kusenokungangxamiseki, kwaye izinto eziphambili zemithetho kufuneka ziqwalasele le project.

Umthetho wesizwe uchaphazela amaxesha okuphendula ngeminye yemisebenzi engundoqo. Umzekelo, imithetho emincinci yabasebenzi, ifuna amasebe amapolisa agcine inani elithile lamagosa afungelweyo ngokomntu ngamnye okanye ngokwesithuba ngasinye sokutshintsha. Ngelixesha enzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lukawonke-wonke, imiyalelo enjalo inganweba uqingqo-mali oluncinci kwaye inyanzelise amasebe ukunikezela ngezinto ezingekho ngqiqweni. Ngokuchasene noko, amanye amaphondo aye amisela imiqathango yempendulo yexesha lokuphendula elingunomhla //ukudibana nexesha elichaziweyo-ukukhawulela izithuba eziphambili. Le migaqo ingaqhuba inkqubela kodwa ikwadala imithwaliso ephazamisayo kwimiqathango yokusebenza kwebutho.

Enye i-application sisixhobo sokuxhasa inkxaso-mali yamaziko okuthumela kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ezisebenzisanayo. Urhulumente unika inkxaso yokuxhasa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-911 amasebe okubizana kunganciphisa ukuqhubekeka kwexesha ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo elandelwayo ehambayo kunye nolwahlulo lobugcisa kwii-odoli ezisemagunyeni. Ngokufanayo, imithetho egunyazisa indawo ezenzekelayo yesithuthi kunye nothunyelo oluncedwa yikhompyutha evumela abathumeli ukuba baphawule iyunithi ekufuphi ekhoyo, ukusika ixesha lokuhamba. Xa amaziko enika inkxaso enikezelweyo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, iziphumo ezisetyenziswa xa kuphendulwa amaxesha okuphendula.

Ukwahluka kwemeko-bume kuyasebenza. Amasebe asemaphandleni asoloko ejongene nomgama omde wokuhamba kunye nemiqulu esezantsi, ekwenza kube nzima ukudibana nexesha elifanayo lokuphendula amaphawu eebhentshi njengesebe lasedolophini. Umthetho welizwe oyamkelayo ezi ntlobo zemali. / ngokujongana nee-grafiki zemali okanye ezinye ii-metrics ./i-acan ithintela indlela yemali elinganayo ebangela ukuba kubekho ukhuphiso oluncinane okanye oluninzi olusasazekileyo.

ISicwangciso soMgaqo-siseko seZibonelelo

Ukwabiwa kwemali kumthetho kubandakanya abasebenzi, izixhobo, uqeqesho, ubugcisa, kunye nezibonelelo. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho zilawula izixa zemali zamasebe amaninzi amapolisa, mhlawumbi ngokungqalileyo ngamasebe axhotyisiweyo karhulumente (njengamapolisa kunye noomatiloshe basezindleleni) okanye ngokungangqalanga ngemirhumo, iiprojekthi zemali, kunye nemiyalelo echaphazela uqingqo-mali lwasekuhlaleni. Indlela ezi zibonelelo ezisasazwa ngayo zinegalelo elingqalileyo kubuchule besebe ukuphendula ekufuneni inkonzo nasekubandakanyeni ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhubekayo.

Uqingqo-mali lwezorhulumente ludla ngokuquka inkxaso-mali epheleleyo yeenjongo ezithile", iikhamera zomntu ozihambelayo, abaphathi-mali besikolo, amaqela ongenelelo olunengxaki, ngokunjalo nenkxaso jikelele yomsebenzi. Umlinganiselo wemali phakathi kwesebe elinophawu lwendlebe nelobubhetyebhetye-jiji ungagqiba ukuba ngaba isebe line-e-e-ascimpl-debugstiki apho lifuneka khona kakhulu. Okungakumbi, amazwe amisela imigaqo-migaqo-mali yerhafu yerhafu yempahla yasekuhlaleni kunye nerhafu yerhafu exhomekeke kwintrafizo yoomasi abaninzi exhasa amapolisa. Xa imithetho yerhafu ithintela inguqumrhutho yasekuhlaleni, uqingqo-mali lwamapolisa lusoloko lufumana uncedo, lukhokelela ekusabelweni phantsi kwentsabelo esiphantsi kwentlawulo neso silixa.

Ukubonelela ngentlawulo

Indlela oorhulumente abanikela ngayo uncedo lwemali kumasebe alawula umthetho wasekuhlaleni banokunciphisa okanye basebenzise imigaqo engekho mthethweni. Amanye amaphondo asebenzisa iindlela ezisekelwe kuluntu kuphela, ngelixa amanye amaxabiso eziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho, ubungakanani belizwe, okanye amanqanaba obuhlwempu. Amasebe akwimiqathango ephezulu, afumana ii-crimes eziphantsi ngokufuthi ajongene nemfuneko enkulu yeenkonzo kodwa aneziko elincinane lerhafu zerhafu. Urhulumente unika iinkqubo ezijongele le miqathango zinokunceda ukunyusa ukudlala, ukunciphisa ukupheliswa kwexesha lokungahambi kolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokuphikisana noko, inkxaso-mali yezemali engaphumeleli ekufuneka ifumanekelwe kukungangeni okungangeni, ishiya imibutho esele iinqobo esele imiqatha yerhafuthene neenkonzo ezincinane nezibonelelo zezo zoovimba kunye nokuphendula.

Izigqibo zomthetho zichaphazela ukwabiwa koovimba abakhethekileyo njengeyunithi zenqwelo-moya, amaqela eK-9, amaqela eSWAT, kunye nee-labstiki zolwaphulo-mthetho. Xa amatyala egunyazisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zifumaneke kuzo zonke imimandla, okanye xa exhasa amajoni ahlukeneyo ngomsebenzi ontlu - nxanduva, afumana unikezelo kwimisebenzi angenakukwazi ukuyifikelela ngokwawo. Le mizekelo yabelana ngenkxaso ingenza ngcono kwiziphumo ezinzima nokuba isebe lasekuhlaleni lincinane.

Iindawo Ezikhethekileyo Zomthetho Ezichaphazela Ukusabela Namacebo

Unxulumano phakathi komthetho karhulumente nemisebenzi yamapolisa aluphelelanga kwiindleko zoqingqo-mali. Uludwe oluninzi lweenketho zenkqubo `ukusuka kwimfuno zoqeqesho ukuya kwimithetho yokusebenza---"i-shapes indlela amasebe asebenzisa ngayo ubuncwane bawo obukhoyo kunye nendlela anokusabela ngayo ngokukhawuleza.

Iimfuno zoqeqesho zobubele

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaphondo amaninzi aye amisela imithetho efuna amagosa omthetho aqeqeshelwe ukuthomalalisa ubuchule bokusebenza, ungenelelo lomngcipheko, ukusabela kwimpilo yengqondo, kunye nokungaqiniseki. Ngoxa ezi zigunyaziso ziphucula ubunjani bonxibelelwano lwamapolisa kwaye zinokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo zesantya, zikwaneenkcitho. Iiyure zoqeqesho zikhupha amagosa emisebenzi yokugada, nto leyo enokuthi andise amaxesha okuphendula ukuba akakwazi ukuqhuba kakuhle. Ngaphezu koko, ichaza ukuba kufuneka uqeqesho olubizayo ngaphandle kokunikela ngemali enika imiyalelo edipolisayo enika inkxaso yemali edipolisayo. Xa kuqeqesho lwezibonelelo lwezibonelelo-acanceamssssssss, zinikezela ngentrandiced okanye intraficed okanye intracreance, zibangela ukuba zivumelane nokwenza ngaphandle kokufumaneka kwemiqatha esesitratweni.

Umthetho onika ingxelo

Imithetho yolawulo yokusetyenziswa komkhosi, iikhamera zeqela, kunye neebhodi zongamela abasebenzi abakwindawo ephantsi kolawulo ziqhelekile kumaphondo amaninzi. Ukwamkelwa komsebenzi wekhamera ehamba phambili, umzekelo, kufuna utyalo oluthe kratya kwizixhobo, kwindawo yokugcina idata, kunye nabasebenzi abalawula ukuphatha i-redaction kunye neerekhodi zikawonke-wonke. Umthetho welizwe onika inkxaso yenkqubo yekhamera kunye nezibonelelo zogcino-mali ungenza umahluko phakathi komqulu ophumelelayo kunye nomthwalo wemali osika kwimithombo yemali. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa imigangatho ye-odolathi elifuna ukuchaza ngokucokisekileyo nokuhlola ixesha elichithwa kwabaphathi bexesha elichithwa kumaphepha-maphepha, mhlawumbi kunciphisa ixesha elifumanekayo lokuphendula unxulumano. Noko ke, xa imiyalelo enjalo iziphumo zobugcisa zichaza ii-data ze-terminal-meterne.

Ukuqokelelwa Kwemibutho Nemithetho Yemisebenzi

Imithetho yolawulo lwabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni elungelelanisa umanyano lwabasebenzi abasebenzisana kunye nemithetho ecwangcisiweyo inokuba nempembelelo ngqo kumgangatho wabasebenzi, umvuzo owengeziweyo, uludwe lwemiqathango yokutshintshisa, kunye nemithetho yezomsebenzi. Izivumelwano ze-Union zisoloko zikhankanya amanqanaba angephi abasebenzi, ubude bexesha elifutshane (umz., 8 weeyure zeyure) kunye neenkqubo zolwandiso-mali. Ezi zinokuphembelela ukuphendula amaxesha ngokugqiba ukuba ngawaphi abaphathi-majoni abakhoyo na na na na na na nangaxesha anokumiswa. Umzekelo, izivumelwano ezifuna ukunyuswa kweminxeko zisenokudiza abasebenzi ekubambeni ukhutho oluphezulu, olukhokelela ekulindeni ixesha elide. Ngokungafaniyo, ukulungele ukucwangciiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ezisebenza ngomthetho zegunya elisebenza ngokusebenza kakhulu.

Ubuxhakaxhaka kunye nogcino-lwazi

Umthetho wesizwe uquka imiyalelo engakumbi enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kobugcisa obuthile okanye imigangatho yokunika ingxelo yogcino-lwazi. Amaziko olwaphulo-mthetho exesha lokwenene (RTCCs), aqikelele ukuba i-alytics, kunye nee-automic comments messagements (ALPR) asoloko ekhuthazwa okanye exhaswa ngokweenkqubo zikarhulumente. Xa amaphondo enikela inkxaso enikezelo yophuhlisolwazi oluphuculayo oluphuculayo nokuphucula ubuchule bokuthumela, amaxesha okuphendula. Noko ke, ngaphandle kwemali isebe elinganyanzelisi mali linganyanzela ukunyusa imali kwimisebenzi yokuhlola, ukwenza ushishino-o-omatilo-lwazi olusuka kwimisebenzi, ukulungiselela iimfuno ze-omatilo-data elungele ukuvela kolwazi olubonakalayo kodwa olufuna iinkqubo ze-sombululo-data kunye nootalogciso.

Ufundo lwetyala nogcino-lwazi

Ubungqina obuxhasa ingcamango yokuba ukhetho lwemithetho-mthetho lukarhulumente luneziphumo ezibonakalayo kwimpendulo yamapolisa kunye nezibonelelo. Uhlolisiso lwama-2022 olwenziwa nguphando lwamapolisa aphetheyo lweForum (PERPF) lufumanise ukuba amasebe asemagunyeni azinikeleyo ngenkxaso-mali kubasebenzi abanolwazi oluphambili kumacandelo onxibelelwano olunezihlandlo eziphambili ezisisi-18% kuneziyalo-mali eziphambili kumazwe ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali. Ngokufanayo, uhlalutyo oluvela kumasebe aqeqeshi bomthetho omthetho oqeqeqeshiweyo, njengamapolisa karhulumente, lutyekele ukuphendula kancinci amaxesha asemaphandleni kunalawo axhomekeke kwimiqathango yemibango yephondo kuphela, ngenxa yokuba izikhululo-omthetho-ofisi zinokunikezela izibonelelo ezikhoyo kwisiseko serhafuthelo.

Qwalasela iNdibano yaseKhalifoniya 392, eyathi yaqinisa ukusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yonyanzelo. Ngelixesha umthetho ngokwawo ungayalelanga ukuba kuqeqeshwe ixesha elithile, yakhuthaza amasebe amaninzi ukuba amkele uqeqesho olunyusiweyo olusekelwe kwintelekelelo. Ezo zanikela ingxelo ngolu hlobo lomnatha alunyukiswanga ngamaxesha okuba zidityaniswe ekubeni uqeqesho lwadityaniswa kwiyure ezikhoyo kwi-injini kunaleyo yongezelelweyo njengemfuneko eyahlukileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, uthetha okokuba kugqithe ixesha lokuphendula okungqongqo ngaphandle kokuxhasa ngemali, zisuka nje kumazwe athile afuna ukuba iminxeba eli-911 ifumaneke kwimizuzwana eli-10 yemizuzwana kunye nabaphathi ukuba bafike ngemizuzu eli-10 yexesha elinzima.

Enye imeko efuziselayo kukuphunyezwa okubanzi kwenkqubo yokuthumela ngekhompyutha encedisiweyo eWashington. Umthetho udluliswe ngo-2019 ngokungqinelanayo ukuze abameli bafuduke baye kwiqonga elisekelwe kumafu eliyiCAD elinceda ukuba kusebenze ngokulula phakathi kwabaphathi. Isebe elamkela inkqubo lachaza unciphiso lwe-avareji yexesha eli-12 lemizuzwana ngesandi ngasinye, nto leyo eyathi ngokuquka yasindisa amawaka eeyure ukunqumla urhulumente minyaka le. Isitshixo yayikukuba urhulumente uqulunqe i-80% yeendleko zokuphumeza ingeniso, ithintela ukuba amasebe ongingqini ekufuneka atsale iindawo zokulinda ukuze ahlawule ubugcisa.

Ucelomngeni Nemiphumo Engalindelwanga

Ngeli xesha umthetho karhulumente uthe waqukunjelwa, ungenza iziphumo ezingacwangciswanga ezithintela ukusabela kwamapolisa kunye nokwabiwa koovimba. Imiyalelo engagunyaziswanga mhlawumbi yeyona nto ithe yazinziswayo. Xa iimeko zifuna uqeqesho olutsha, izixhobo, okanye ingxelo ngaphandle kokunikela imali, abameli basekuhlaleni kufuneka baxhamle iindleko, ngokufuthi ngokucutha amandla okujikeleza okanye ngokubeka ingqalelo ekwakheni izibonelelo. Oku kunokukhokelela kumaxesha amade kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wegosazulu.

Olunye ucelomngeni lukukukungena komlinganiselo omnye. Umgangatho wexesha lokuphendula elifanelekileyo kwingingqi yedolophu enabantu abaninzi unokuba yindawo enzima kwingingqi yasemaphandleni enemigama emide nomthamo omncinci wonxulumano. Xa umthetho wesizwe ungakwazi ukuphendula umahluko wolawulo, ungenza ukungafezeki kokungathembani koluntu kunye nezibonelelo eziphambukisiweyo kwizicelo zokukhulula.

Imijikelo yezobupolitika ikwachaphazela uzinzo lwezibonelelo. Amasebe axhomekeke kakhulu kwiziphiwo zikarhulumente angafumana inkxaso-mali encitshisiweyo okanye ethunyelwe emva konyulo okanye uhlahlo. Oku kungaxelwa kwangaphambili kwenza kube nzima ukuceba ixesha elide, ingakumbi uphuhliso lobugcisa olufuna utyalo-mali oluxhaswe. Ngaphezu koko, umthetho ongxanyelwe ukuphendula kwiziganeko eziphezulu usenokuba awunabo ubungqina obufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba impumelelo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiinkqubo ezibonakala zilungile kwiphepha kodwa kunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kokwenza umonakalo kubuchule bokusebenza.

Ubunjani bogcino-lwazi bungumba onxulumene nomba. Iindlu zowiso-mthetho ezininzi zelizwe zifuna amasebe achaza amaxesha okuphendula, kodwa iinkcazelo kunye neendlela zokuqokelela ziyahlukahluka, kwenza ukuthelekisa okunqamlezileyo kungathembeki. Ngaphandle kwemigangatho engaguquguqukiyo yokukhetha ulawulo---------applicy angenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kulwazi olunesiphene, izibonelelo ezizizo ezingekhoyo ngelixesha zityeshela iimfuno zokwenene.

Amathuba Okuphucula

Abamisi-mthetho besizwe bangaphucula impembelelo yomsebenzi wabo ngokufumana iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina nangokubandakanyeka kubenzi bomthetho ngexesha lokwenza intelekelelo. Uqingqo-mali olusekelwe kumsebenzi, apho inkxaso-mali idityaniswe kwiziphumo ezifana namaxesha okuphendula, amaqondo okucacisa, kunye nolwaneliseko loluntu, zingakhuthaza ukuphumelela ngaphandle kwemiyalelo engqongqo. Ngaphezu koko, amajelo angamisela "imali enkcitho yobuchule" evumela amasebe ukuba asebenzise iimpatho zokhuphiswano ezijoliswe ekunciphiseni amaxesha okuphendula ngobugcisa okanye iimodefiki.

Enye indlela ethembisayo kukwanda kweemodeli ezikhuthazayo, apho izifundiswa zengqondo okanye abasebenzi bezentlalo-ntle zithunyelwa ecaleni okanye endaweni yamapolisa ukuze zifumane iimfonomfono ezithile. Umthetho wesizwe onika iimali kwiinkqubo ezinjalo unganciphisa umthwalo onzima kubaphathi abafungelweyo, uzikhulula kwiimeko zongxamiseko zenene kwaye ngaloo ndlela ziphucula amaxesha okuphendula kwiziganeko eziphezulu. Amazwe amaninzi sele edlulise imithetho edala iinkqubo zokuphendula kwengxaki yeli lizwe lonke ngokuxhaswa ngoqingqo-mali lwecandelo lezempilo kunokuba anike imiyalelo yomthetho.

Ekugqibeleni, amanqaku angamkela amacandelo okutshona kwelanga ukwenzela izigunyaziso ezintsha, afuna uhlolo lwexesha ukuqwalasela impembelelo yawo kumaxesha okuphendula kunye nolwabelo lwezibonelelo. Oku kuthintela iinkqubo eziphelelwe lixesha okanye ezingasebenziyo ekuzinyanzeleni kwaye kuvumela ulungiso lwendlela olusekelwe kugcino-lwazi lokwenene. Iimfuno zokunika ingxelo rhoqo, ezidityaniswe noncedo lobugcisa olusuka kumasebe karhulumente, zinganceda ukuphucula ngaphandle kokwenza amanyathelo okuthobela.

Isiphelo

Umthetho wephondo unamandla olawula amandla amapolisa okuphendula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kunye noovimba bokonga. Ngokuphuma kwiimfuno zemali kunye neemfuno zokuqeqesha kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa, ukhetho olwenziwa kumakomkhulu ephondo luneziphumo ezingqalileyo zamaxesha okuphendula kunye neziphumo zokhuseleko lukawonke-wonke. Nangona inkqubo yowiso-mthetho idla ngokubandakanya izinto eziphambili nezicinezelekileyo zezopolitiko, eyona mithetho isebenzayo yileyo ixhaswa kakuhle, iqwalaselwa ziimeko zasekuhlaleni, kwaye isekelwe kubungqina.

Abenzi benkqubo kufuneka baqonde ukuba izigqibo zonke ezichaphazela ukugcinwa komthetho zithwala ukususwa korhwebo. Iyure eyongezelelekileyo yoqeqesho ingaphucula iziphumo kodwa inciphise ubukho babaphathi-mikhosi; ugunyaziso olutsha lunganyusa umanyano kodwa lutsale imali ekuphathweni ngabasebenzi abasebenza apho. Ngokuvavanya ngenyameko ezi zixhobo zorhwebo nokubandakanyeka nabagcini-data kunye nabafaki-matyala, imigaqo-mthetho yorhulumente iyakwazi ukomeleza imigaqo-nkqubo yezobugcisa engomeleza kunokuba ithintele amandla amapolisa okukhusela nokunceda abantu.

Injongo yomthetho karhulumente kufuneka ibe kukudala imeko-bume apho amasebe amapolisa anoovimba kunye nobhetyebhetye ukulungelelanisa amaqhinga awo okuphendula kwiimfuno ezikhethekileyo zoluntu lwawo. Xa imithetho yenziwe ngalo mgaqo engqondweni, anokuphucula amaxesha okusabela, aqinisekise ukuba usasazo lwemiba elinganayo, kwaye akhulise ukuthembana kwabantu okuyimfuneko kwibutho lobupolisa elikwidemokhrasi.